esoh renewable energy enterprise wide usaf
TRANSCRIPT
Air Force
Renewable Energy
Opportunity AssessmentsMultiple Air Force Bases2011 ESOH Training Symposium Technical Session, 22 March 2011
2
Overview
AF RE goals
Strategy to identify best projects
Evaluation factors
Technologies assessed
Resource issues
Stakeholder roles for success
Covanta 80 MW WTE
Plant, Fairfax VA
3
Air Force RE Goals
Meet renewable energy goals stated in Energy Policy Act of 2005, EOs
13423 and 13514, and 10 USC 2911
Projects identified may be funded through:
ECIP
SRM
Power Purchase Agreements
Energy Savings Performance Contracts
Utility Energy Service Contracts
EULs
4
AF RE: Current Situation
AF has $9B energy bill, 17% dedicated to facility operations/utilities
Facilitating development of renewables is one approach to increasing
supply, decreasing cost
<1% came from renewable sources in 2009
5
Approaches to Meeting RE Goals
First priority: Develop on-site RE
Second: Purchase RE from off-site power providers
Third: Purchase Renewable Energy Credits (RECs)
Tonopah Test Range Grid Access
6
Strategy
Ongoing three-phase process
Phase 2, Opportunity Assessment
–Phase 1, Feasibility Study –
completed
–Phase 3, Business Case
Analysis – future
Successful projects must advance
through the complete process
Deliverables include:
Preliminary design and cost
estimate
Financial analysis
Project profile
300’ GSHP Test Bore, Creech AFB
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Evaluation Factors: Mission & Safety
Constraints
Existing or proposed training/facilities
Clear Zone (CZ), Accident Potential
Zone (APZ) I and APZ II
UFC 4-010-01, DoD Minimum Anti-
terrorism Standards for Buildings
Quantity-Distance (QD) arcs
Any other constraints that local
stakeholders believe will negatively
impact the operational mission
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Evaluation Factors: Environmental
Constraints
Air quality and emissions
Hazardous Materials and
Wastes/ERP
Land use (compatible uses,
future projects, etc.)
Transportation
Water resources (including
floodplains and wetlands)
Socioeconomic/Environmental
Justice
Historical, cultural and
archaeological resources
Biological resources
Topography, soils, and geology
Aesthetics
Climate
Noise
Odor
9
Evaluation Factors: Financial Analysis
Projects deemed economically viable under two definitions:
For AF-owned (ECIP-funded) projects, savings-to-investment ratio > 1.0
For developer- or independent power producer-owned, return on
investment > 10%
Typical discriminators between AF- and developer-owned cost
models:
Developer cost of financing
Developer access to renewable energy credits and tax incentives
10
Technologies Assessed
Waste to Energy (WTE) fueled by Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
Landfill Gas (LFG)
Biomass-sourced electricity generation
Biomass-sourced thermal generation
Solar
Wind
16 MW WTE Plant, Tulsa
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Technical Description:
Waste to Energy
MSW fed to a boiler creates
steam for a turbine to produce
electricity
Requires connection to
electrical grid, water, waste
water, gas
Chemicals control air quality
Boilers and MSW are enclosed
in a building to minimize noise,
odor, and visual concerns
Requires approximately 10
acres for a 15 MW facility
Stoker boiler technology
applied in this project
Inside Covanta 80 MW WTE Plant,
Fairfax VA
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WTE: Stoker Boiler Technology
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WTE Plant Schematic
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Technical Description:
Biomass – Thermal and Electricity
Biomass (woody waste) is fed to a boiler:
To produce steam for a thermal user
To operate a steam turbine to produce electricity
As with a WTE plant, requires water supply, sewer connection, gas
supply, and access to the grid
Fluidized bed
Stoker boiler
Can be combined for
cogeneration
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Biomass-sourced Electrical and Thermal
Generation
48 MW Wood fired Power Plant – Craven County, NC
540,000 tpy waste wood; two drum boiler/stoker system,
423,000 pph/1,500 psig/955F superheat
APC Boiler
Wood
yard
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Technical Description: Landfill Gas to
Electricity
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Landfill Gas To Energy – Example Project Profile
Seven Mile Creek Landfill, Eau Claire, Wisconsin
Landfill Size: 4.8 million tons waste-in-place (2009)
Project Size: 4.2 MW
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Technical Description: Solar Energy
A photovoltaic system consists of these primary components
Solar collector module
Inverter
Transformer
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Solar Siting Options
Prime decision driver: Find largest areas
of available space
Increase MW output, make investment
economically worthwhile
Roofs, free-standing panels in underutilized
places
Solar assessment focused on Thin-Film PV
at McGuire AFB
AF operational needs must be considered
carefully
Reflectance, sun angle
New construction of a large footprint facility
is a good siting opportunity
Consider during pre-design planning
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Technical Description: Wind Power
660 kW turbine, Wind Farm, FE Warren AFB
Engineering
Turbine power vs. wind speed
Match resource to turbine curve
Siting
Avoid ground-generated turbulence
Distance from occupied structures
Airfield imaginary surfaces
Radar interference
Consider geo-remote lands
Multiple unit installation
Lateral distance
Down wind distance
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Feedstock Issues
Hauling radius of 50-75 miles depending on road conditions, traffic
Can you contract for the resource?
Who owns it?
What is the market price?
Who is the competition?
What is its projected sustainability?
Can you bring it in from out of state?
Base average daily demand (MW)
is the design driver
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Sample Competition Assessment
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Land Issues
Consider roads, separate access/gate/security, haul routes
Compatible land use
Upwind? Visible steam?
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Local Stakeholder Engagement
Grass roots project development—Security, Fire, flying and training
communities; Legal; Contracting…..
Knowledge of local competition
Knowledge of regulators
Knowledge of local success stories
Myth busting
Positive publicity
Wing Commander enthusiasm
Work-arounds
Economic impact
You need a local champion!
