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RESOURCES for teachers

Evaluation worksheets and answers

4

ESOMusic II

3This material can be photocopied © Editorial Teide

Sound and music

Surname: Course:

Name: Date:

Unit 1

Evaluation activities

Note

1. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false:

a) Music can only be enjoyed by playing an instrument.

b) Music is art made from sound, but it has no ability to influence our emotions.

c) The sound produced by singing or by a musical instrument can cause us to feel emotions and affect our moods.

d) There are people who listen to music at work to make their job more enjoyable.

e) The brain processes music faster than language.

f) In the Odyssey, Odysseus is attracted to the singing of the sirens.

2. Write a rhythmic line using half notes, quarter notes, and groups of two eighth notes.

3. Write the name of the notes on the staff below:

4. Write a melody line that doesn’t make too many leaps, with notes from the scale in do: do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si and do’.

5. Binary, ternary or quaternary are all types of time signatures. Classify these passages:

6. Fill in the missing words: rhythm – melody – an interval – a line of sounds

The is the musical element you remember most easily. You can sing it if there are lyrics, or hum it if the song is an instrumental. Melodies have an impact on our emotions. A melody depicts of various pitches played over time, along with the . The distance between two adjacent notes is called . These distances are measured in tones and semi-tones.


7. Write the alterations you know and draw their symbols.

8. All of the music we listen to has harmonic accompaniment, which may be either chords or counterpoint. Write the name in the correct location.

: When a melody is accompanied by other melodies, together they form the harmony. Although counterpoint is not used much these days, 300 years ago major works were written with counterpoint.

: Accompaniment of the melody with a set of notes that are related to each other, and which have a naming system; for example, a Sol chord (sol si re), a Fa 7 chord (fa la do b mi), etc. This is the most common type of accompaniment.

9. Write the names of the four families of musical instruments.

10. Fill in the blanks.

Composers use a variety of Italian terms to indicate the volume of a sound:

Forte and

Crescendo and

Changes in volume can also be made by adding

11. Describe the ways in which you enjoy music: listening to it, dancing to it, playing it, reading music, writing music, etc.


Music and maths

Surname: Course:

Name: Date:

Unit 2


Note

1. Place the dividing lines in the following passage:

2. Write the number of beats that each time signature has.

4/4 -

3/4 -

2/4 -

3. Indicate what type of intervals are involved, and write the name of the notes.

4. Complete the following table, keeping in mind that a chord is made up of the root note, its 3rd and its 5th:

5th SOL FA

3rd MI RE

ROOTNOTE DO RE MI FA SOL LA SI

5. Complete the text using the following words: tuning pegs – pressure – higher – shorter

Wind instruments. As the column of air gets shorter, the sound becomes . As air is increased, the sound becomes higher.

String instruments. As a string gets , the sound it makes gets higher. As a string is tightened, the sound it makes rises. To tune the strings they must be tightened or loosened using the

.


6. True or false?

a) A metronome is a device used to measure the speed of the pulse or beat.

b) All metronomes are digital.

c) Pythagoras was born in Greece.

d) In Cuban music, there is a rhythm that is the basis for the entire composition known as the clave.

e) The size of an instrument has an influence on its sound.

f) When a piece begins with an anacrusis, it means the melody begins a little before the start of the first measure.

g) Sound is a mathematical proportion.

h) There are mobile phone apps that can be used as guitar tuners.

i) 140 dB represents the pain threshold and can cause serious hearing damage.

j) The device used to measure the intensity of sound is called a sound level meter.

7. Take a close look at the following passages, then answer the questions:

a) Which of these two textures is homophonic and which is a counterpoint?

b) What time signature are they written in?

c) How many measures are in each phrase?

d) How many sharps and flats are seen in example A?

e) In example B there are half-note measures and whole-note measures. What is the difference between them?

8. Use the following motifs to write an A B A form on the staffs:


Music and history

Surname: Course:

Name: Date:

Unit 3


Note

1. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false:

a) The Middle Ages is the time period between the fall of the Roman Empire and discovery of the Americas.

b) The first scores were created during the Middle Ages, around the year 1000.

c) It was a feudal society, the farmers and herders held the power.

d) During the Middle Ages there were two types of music: religious and secular.

e) Melismatic vocal music means singing multiple notes with one syllable of text.

f) Most syllabic vocal music contains ten notes per syllable.

2. Fill in the table using the following words: relaxing – free – troubadours – Latin – singable – one voice – minstrels –

marked

RELIGIOUS MUSIC SECULAR MUSIC

Texture

with with one voice, doubled using instruments

Composers

anonymous the

Performers

monks troubadours and

Text

the languages of each place

Rhythm

, depending on the text marked and varied

Tempo

slow, not rushed varied, with a beat

Melody

long and flat so you will remember it

Feel/mood

sensual, expresses emotions

3. Take a look at the following passage of medieval music, then decide whether it is melismatic or syllabic vocal music. Write the name under the notes.


4. The Renaissance is the period that runs from the 15th century until the beginning of the 17th century. Indicate wheth-er any of the following types of music do not belong to that period:

Protestant religious music – symphonic music – palace music street music – Catholic music

5. Fill in the table using the following words: weak – happy – educated – marked – counterpoint

Catholic religious Secular Always secular

Texture in different voicesmaking

in different voices, polyphonic, with or without counterpoint

accompaniment by voices

Performers monks and priests people sang and played instruments

professionals or amateurs

Text Latin languages from each place

Rhythm very strong and varied

Feel/mood relaxing sensual, expresses emotions

6. Match.

secular music songs of celebration and love

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Renaissance dances

Catholic music German Protestant music

Martin Luther imitative counterpoint

Juan del Encina Cancionero de Palacio

7. Which of the following composers does not belong to the Baroque?

Beethoven Bach Händel Purcell Vivaldi

8. Music from the Baroque is grandiose and bright. How did the composers achieve these effects: 1. using high voices and contrasts or 2. using counterpoint and string instruments?

9. Complete the text using the following words:

symphonic – instrumental – sonata – dynamics – melodies – Mozart

music was very important. The orchestra was created, which had the same instruments we know today. They no longer liked the sharp contrasts of forte and piano and

with crescendi and diminuendi became fashionable. The were more natural and easy to remember, often with accompanied melodies. The was invented, which is like a novel with introduction of the story, development and resolution. The great musicians of Classicism include Haydn and .


10. Match the composer with the work that appears in the unit.

BEETHOVEN

works for piano

CHOPIN

Fifth Symphony

WAGNER

lieder and works for piano

BRAHMS

the opera The Valkyrie

11. Select the correct answer.

Music from the 20th century is characterized by:

a) Breaks with the past, broken melodies, with unusual chords, and irregular rhythms.

b) Sentimental, conjunct melodies.


Music and technology

Surname: Course:

Name: Date:

Unit 4


Note

1. ¿Which instrument is known to have been used during prehistory: the flute or the harp? What material was used to make these: stones, bones or wood?

Instrument:

Material:

2. When does the history of brass instruments begin?

a) With Egyptian civilization.

b) With the civilization before the Egyptians.

3. Write the names of three woodwind instruments.

−

−

−

4. The great violin makers Stradivarius and Guarnieri were Italian. During what period did they perfect this instrument? Renaissance, 15th c. Baroque, 18th c. Middle Ages, 10th c.

5. Classify: PIANO – HARP – VIOLIN – GUITAR – CELLO – VIOLA – UKULELE

BOWED STRING

STRUCK STRING

PLUCKED STRING

6. Why is it so important to make brass instruments out of brass?

a) Because it does not rust.

b) Because it is economical and gold in colour.

c) Because it does not allow viruses, bacteria, or mould to grow.

7. Indicate which of these instruments do not belong to the brass family:

trumpet saxophone tuba bassoon trombone French horn

8. Match each device with its function.

amplifier

Creates new sounds using electrical signals.

microphone

Captures sound and turns it into an electrical signal.

synthesizer

Increases volume.


9. True or false.

a) MIDI is a system that allows digital devices to understand each other when connected together.

b) A sampler captures a sound and allows it to be played at different pitches.

c) Some music software, such as Ableton Live, allows you to compose music and then listen to what you have composed.

d) Plug-ins or connectors are tools used for sound production or manipulation.

e) Music software has replaced many electronic devices.

f) Plug-ins can be downloaded for synthesizers, effects pedals for guitar, vocal effects, instrument simulators, etc.

g) These days technology is not used much in music.

h) The Theremin was the first device to make an electronic sound.

i) Robert Moog is a musician and inventor of the modern keyboard, and he was born in Soria.

j) The sound of Marshall amplifiers has been present throughout the entire history of rock music.

10. Look at the image and then answer.

a) Which track has the instrument KICK? b) Which track plays three notes at the same time, rit or bass? c) Which track plays exactly the same thing the entire time?

a) b) c) .


Music and art

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Name: Date:

Unit 5


Note

1. Complete with these words: composer, work and performer.

Pianist

Sonata, Op. 27

Beethoven

2. What clues are there about how music might have sounded during prehistoric times? a) Paintings and sculptures from antiquity.

b) Sculptures and architecture from antiquity.

3. A painting cannot present the sound of a rhythm or a melody, but it is possible to imagine how the music sounded by the shapes of the instruments and positions of the musicians playing them. Therefore, if a painter wants to ex-press a dramatic scene, how should the musician be represented: tense or relaxed? And if the painter wants to represent a singer, how would that be done: with an instrument or with the singer’s mouth open?

4. True or false.

a) Sculptures are documents on stone or on paper.

b) Thanks to sculptures we have information about some of humanity’s earliest times.

c) Sculptures do not provide any information about the importance of music.

d) Sculptures show the beauty of the instruments and the human experience of playing music.

e) Romantic and modern sculpture are centred on the figure of the composer.

5. Select the correct answer. Prehistoric paintings are known as cave art since they are painted on the walls of caves. And what did the Greeks paint in addition to their walls?

a) Ceramics (pots, vases and plates).

b) Animal hides.

6. Answer.

a) How many instruments are seen in the image?

b) What types of instruments are they?

c) Which hand is used to pluck the strings?

d) Are the musicians playing the instruments young or old?

e) What time period do you think the image comes from: the Middle Ages or Ancient Egypt?

7. The Baroque is the era of contrasts in music: quick-slow, loud-quiet, very high-very low. Which technique is used in Baroque painting? a) Subtle nuances of soft colours, b) Contrasts of light and dark.

8. Indicate which era characterizes the instruments while they are playing.

a) Romanticism. b) Classicism.


9. Match.

instrumental music

has no story line.

vocal music

composed as a tribute to a god or gods

religious music

composed for voice

secular music

inspired by non-musical elements

absolute music

music that is not religious

program music

composed for instruments only

10. Which type of writing does not apply to music?

essays – novels – music critique – biographies – song lyrics – opera librettos

11. Write the names of the quarter notes and add the dividing lines to the following passage. Remember that it is written in 5/4 time.

12. Write the term below its definition:

musical theatre – ballet – opera – incidental music

a) The entire work or almost the entire work is sung, so it has text and music.

b) This is like “background music” that creates an atmosphere for the action.

c) This type of work has dancing from beginning to end.

d) This is a full artistic package, including the music, libretto, design and creation of the sets, and acting out of the story line.

13. One of the most important composers of all time, Mozart, wrote an opera that has even been used in films. Circle the correct answer.

a) The Marriage of Figaro b) The Barber of Seville


Music and feel

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Name: Date:

Unit 6


Note

1. List three emotions that a piece of music can transmit:

1. 2. 3.

2. Which of these elements does not modify the feel of a piece of music?

changes in volume – changes in tempo – the composer’s siblings – ostinatos – accompaniment – direction

of the melodic lines

3. Jean Baptiste Lully was a French composer who wrote a battle march as well as many other works. What type of feel would this composition need to have?

4. What is a rondo?

a) Music with the form ABA. b) Music with the form ABC. c) Music with the form ABACA.

5. The most famous funeral march of the Romantic period was written by Frédéric Chopin and later arranged for an or-chestra by Edward Elgar. What instrument was it originally written for: a) piano, b) cello, or c) oboe?

6. To give a piece of music the right feel, you must pay attention to the speed at which it is played.

a) How would you give a happy feel to a song: with a quick or slow pulse?

b) How would you create a nostalgic feel: with a medium tempo or a very fast one?

7. In two recordings from the book, the composers G. Rossini and B. Smetana use a woodwind instrument to symbolize the beginning of a rainstorm. Is this a concert flute or a trumpet?

8. Take a look at the score, then answer the questions.

a) In what time signature is this passage written?

b) What kind of notes appear there? Sixteenth notes or quarter notes?

c) Is the melody chromatic or does it have leaps?

d) The Flight of the Bumblebee by Rimsky-Korsakov: does it begin high or low?


9. Fill in the blanks using these terms: melody – ostinato – rhythm – feel

An is the constant repetition of a of a melody, or of an accompaniment, or of both together. It is what gives a musical work its . It is usually the accompaniment that marks the rhythm, or the repetitive instrumental ostinato accompaniment. The ostinato may be included in the .

10. The following passage is part of an ostinato that Beethoven wrote for violas in his Seventh Symphony. Take a look at the score, then answer the questions.

a) Add the dividing lines to the passage.

b) Which note is repeated the most in this ostinato?

c) Which rhythmic figure is repeated the most?

d) What is the total number of rests?

11. Fill in the following table using the appropriate words:

seems like the end – the river swells – popular – RIVER – powerful with brass – Children’s Song

Birth The flute plays a quick melody that is intertwined with other brief melodies, like water splashing off of the rocks.

Cellos play a conjunct melody and present the RIVER THEME using repetitions. This is festive music with much instrumental interplay.

There are castles on the shore

music and percussion.

Wedding party beside the river

melody and eighth notes that give it rhythm.

The Naiads, magical river spirits

A placid melody on strings with undulating accompaniment from the flutes, for the small waves against the river banks.

The river swells and it is majestic

THEME with more orchestration, more volume and brightness.

The San Juan rapids Touches of powerful brass, edgy strings and a fast pulse, the river enters into a series of rapids and again becomes nervous and wild.

Theme like a children’s song, rhythmic and happy.

Arriving in PragueTouches of brass and triumphal rhythmic percussion.

Confluence with the Elba river, into which it merges Soft strings, the river is blending in and disappears.

12. Who wrote the song Tears in Heaven?

a) Eric Clapton. b) Michael Jackson. c) The Beatles.


Music and writing

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Name: Date:

Unit 7


Note

1. True or false.

a) Musical writing has not evolved at all since the year 1000.

b) The printing press allowed musical scores to be published more quickly.

c) Before the year 1000, scores had seven lines.

d) Guido of Arezzo invented a way of establishing the pitches of the notes.

e) Writing down the duration of the sound was necessary when the musicians were playing and singing different melodies at the same time.

f) Since the end of the 18th century until today, scores have contained the same information.

g) Before the year 1000, some symbols were put above the lyrics, which served as clues or reminders about how the melody went.

2. Take a look at these two vocal scores and then answer the questions:

a) Which of these two scores is Medieval?

b) Which one lets us know the duration of the notes?

c) Which one is decorated?

d) Which one seems easier to read?

e) Which one has a key signature?

f ) Which one has quadruplets?


3. Look at the following score carefully, then answer the questions:

a) On the score, indicate which staff belongs to each hand.

b) Which rhythmic figure appears most often?

c) Which notes does the left hand play: long or short?

d) When Beethoven wrote adagio sostenuto, did he want the piece to be fast or slow?

e) How many sharps does the key signature have?

f) Circle the whole notes in the score.

g) Use an arrow to indicate the key signatures in sol from the score.

4. Complete the sentence using the following words: classical – a harmonic – lead – accompaniment – melody

The guitar is , instrument. In other words, it can play multiple notes at the same time.

With the guitar, the musician plays the ,

the , and the bass line. Later, with rock music the function of the guitarist

was divided among three separate musicians: the guitar, the rhythm guitar, and the bass,

who plays the bass line.

5. Take a look at the score, then answer the questions.

a) Was this score created using score editing software, or was it written by hand?

b) Is it written for a choir?

c) Write the chords from the score.

d) How many measures does the piece have?

e) What time signature is it written in?

f) How many whole notes appear on the score?

g) Which rhythmic figure appears more often: quarter note or eighth note?


Music and musicians

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Name: Date:

Unit 8


Note

1. What is the name of the Greek muse of music?

a) Euterpe. b) Thalia.

2. What role does the family play in relation to development of musical talent?

a) A strong one. b) Not much. c) None.

3. Match.

J. S. Bach

One hundred and twenty members of his family were musicians.

I. Albéniz

His father played the contrabass and came from a poor family.

W. A. Mozart

Spanish musician who travelled to the Americas at age 14.

J. Brahms

He was a musical genius and his father was also a musician.

P. I. Tchaikovsky

His father wanted his son to be a child prodigy like Mozart.

L. van Beethoven

Against his family’s wishes, he continued with a career in music and became successful.

4. Fill in the blanks using the following words:

pieces – rhythm – composers – verses – choruses – to conclude

create musical : they compose the melody and accompani-ment, find the right , choose the style, give the piece structure and select the sounds for each part. Songwriters divide their pieces into and , although some songs also have a contrasting section in the middle to provide variety. There is usually an introduction at the beginning and a coda .

5. Who was the first singer in history to have his or her voice recorded, in 1902?

a) Enrico Fermi. b) Enrico Caruso. c) Errico Malatesta.


6. Place the dividing lines in the following passage:

7. Fill in the blanks about producers:

musicians – atmosphere – direction – sound engineers –editing and composition

. Ability to compose melodies and rhythms, to know how acoustic and digital instruments

sound, to create arrangements to give songs structure and to play a harmonic instrument like the guitar or, even

better, the piano.

Recording engineers. Knowledge of music software.

Computer technicians. Experience with and knowledge of the components of

a recording studio, acoustics, microphones and finding sound qualities.

Psychologists. Ability to create a work and understanding of how to direct musicians

and recording engineers.

. Ability to plan the recording phases and calculate the time these will require.

8. Write the names of the following chords in the solfège system:

Do

A B C D E F G

9. What is an amateur musician?

a) One who has studied intensively from a young age. b) One who plays for pleasure, but without much training.

10. Answer the following questions:

a) How many strings does a guitar have?

b) How many tuning pegs does it have?

c) Both the electric guitar and acoustic or classical guitar are made from the same material. What is it?

d) The composer Antônio Carlos Jobim was from Brazil, but where was Francisco Tárrega from?

11. Fill in the chords with the correct notes.

12. Prior to the 19th century, musicians were considered as artisans and the trade tended to be passed from fathers to sons. Who commissioned work from these artisans?

a) The farmers, for their village festivals. b) The monarchy, the church, and the wealthy nobles.


Music and the body

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Name: Date:

Unit 9


Note

1. Match each instrument with the position it is played in:

violin – cello – flute – piano – organ – viola – bass drum – cymbals – contrabass

STANDING SEATED STANDING AND SEATED

2. Complete the following passage using the appropriate notes:

3. Who wrote the famous guitar concerto Concierto de Aranjuez?

a) Joaquín Sorolla. b) Joaquín Soriano. c) Joaquín Rodrigo.

4. List the names of four woodwind instruments.

−

−

−

−

5. Dance allows the body to be used for expression and to relate to other people. What name is given to classical dance?

6. Who was the composer of Swan Lake?

a) Rimsky-Korsakov. b) Rachmaninoff. c) Tchaikovsky.


7. Classify the following instruments according to which family they belong to: cymbals – trumpet – bass drum –flute –

trombone – triangle – bongo drums – tuba – bassoon – oboe – French horn – clarinet

WOODWINDS BRASS PERCUSSION

8. Fill in the blanks using the following words:

Monteverdi – dramatic genres – genres – operas – Renaissance

In some musical , the voice is the star. Some are , which means that there is a story line represented using music, such as and musicals, while others tell a short story or present a specific emotion, through songs, for example. Opera was developed at the end of the , at the beginning of the 17th century, as a theatrical work that could be sung. L’Orfeo by the earliest opera that has survived in its complete form.

9. Match.

BAROQUE OPERA Emotions that are close to people, not the dramas of the gods.

CLASSICAL OPERA Passion and feelings.

ROMANTIC OPERA The castrati became the ultimate stars.

10. As time went on, the symphony orchestra grew in size. Put the eras in order according to the growth of the symphony orchestra: ROMANTICISM, BAROQUE, CLASSICIS

1. 2. 3.

11. Indicate how sound is produced on each of the following instruments: by striking, bowing, blowing, or plucking.

CLARINET HARP

VIOLIN TROMBONE

TRIANGLE TIMBALES

TRUMPET FRENCH HORN

GUITAR BASSOON

CELLO DRUM KIT


1. a) Music can only be enjoyed by playing an instrument. (F )

b) Music is art made from sound, but it has no ability to influence emotions. (F )

c) The sound produced by singing or by a musical instrument can make you feel emotions and affect moods. ( T )

d) There are people who listen to music at work to make their job more enjoyable. ( T )

e) The brain processes music faster than language. ( T )

f ) In the Odyssey, Odysseus is attracted to the singing of the sirens. ( T )

2. Open answer.

3. Name of the notes:

4. Open answer.

5. Quaternary, ternary, binary.

6. Melody, a line of sounds, rhythm, intervals.

7. Sharp, flat, and natural.

8. Counterpoint, chords.

9. Strings, woodwinds, brass and percussion.

10. Forte and piano, crescendo and diminuendo, adding instruments.

11. Open answer.

Sound and music

Unit 1


1.

2. Four, three and two.

3.

4.

5th SOL LA SI DO RE MI FA3rd MI FA SOL LA SI DO RENoteFUNDAMENTAL

DO RE MI FA SOL LA SI

5. Higher, pressure, shorter, tuning pegs.

6. a) A metronome is a device used to measure the speed of the pulse or beat. ( T )

b) All metronomes are digital. (F )

c) Pythagoras was born in Greece. ( T )

d) In Cuban music there is a rhythm that is the basis for the entire composition, known as the clave. ( T )

e) The size of an instruments has an influence on its sound. ( T )

f ) When a piece begins with an anacrusis, it means the melody begins a little before the start of the first measure. ( T )

g) Sound is a mathematical proportion. ( T )

h) There are mobile phone apps that can be used as guitar tuners. ( T )

i) 140 dB is the pain threshold and can cause serious hearing damage. ( T )

j) The device used to measure the intensity of sound is called a sound level meter. ( T )

Music and maths

Unit 2


7. a) The first is homophonic.

b) They are written in a 4/4.

c) Each passage has five measures.

d) There is an alteration.

e) The whole rests hang from the fourth line and the half rests are positioned on top of the third.

8. Open answer. A B A must be combined.


1. a) The Middle Ages is the time period between the fall of the Roman Empire and discovery of the Americas. ( T )

b) The first scores were created during the Middle Ages, around the year 1000. ( T )

c) It was a feudal society, the farmers and herders held the power. (F )

d) During the Middle Ages there were two types of music: religious and secular. ( T )

e) Melismatic vocal music means singing multiple notes with one syllable of text. ( T )

f ) Most syllabic vocal music contains ten notes per syllable. (F )

2.

RELIGIOUS MUSIC SECULAR MUSIC

Texture with a single voice with one voice doubled using instruments

Anonymous composers the troubadours

Performers monks troubadours and minstrels

Text Latin the languages of each place

Rhythm free, depending on the text marked and varied

Beat slow, not rushed varied, with marked beats

Melody long and flat singable so you will remember it

Feel/mood relaxing sensual, expresses emotions

3. Syllabic vocal music.

Music and history

Unit 3


4. Symphonic music.

5. Renaissance music:

Catholic religious Secular vocal Always secular

Texture in different voicesmaking counterpoint

in different voices, polyphonic, with or without counterpoint

accompaniment by voices

Performers monks and priests Educated people sang and played instruments.

professionals or amateurs

Text Latin Languages from each place

Rhythm weak very strong marked and varied

Feel/mood relaxing happy sensual, expresses emotions

6. Renaissance music:

secular music dances of the Renaissance

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Cancionero de Palacio

Catholic music imitative counterpoint

Martin Luther German Protestant music

Juan del Encina songs of celebration and love

7. Beethoven.

8. 1. Using high, contrasting voices.

9. Instrumental, symphonic, dynamics, melodies, sonata, Mozart.

10. BEETHOVEN Fifth Symphony

CHOPIN works for piano

WAGNER The Opera The Valkyrie

BRAHMS lieder and works for piano

11. a) Breaks with the past, broken melodies, with unusual chords, and irregular rhythms


1. Instrument: the flute, material: bones.

2. a) With Egyptian civilization.

3. Open answer.

4. Baroque, 18th c.

5. BOWED STRING: VIOLIN, CELLO, VIOLA.

STRUCK STRING: PIANO.

PLUCKED STRING: HARP, GUITAR, UKULELE.

6. Because it does not allow viruses, bacteria or mould to grow.

7. Saxophone, bassoon.

8. Amplifier Increases volume.

Microphone Captures sound and turns it into an electrical signal.

Synthesizer Creates new sounds using electrical signals.

9. a) MIDI is a system that allows digital devices to understand each other when connected together. ( T )

b) A sampler captures a sound and allows it to be played at different pitches. ( T )

c) Some music software, such as Ableton Live, allows you to compose music and then listen to what you have composed. ( T )

d) Plug-ins or connectors are tools used for sound production or manipulation. (F )

e) Music software has replaced many electronic devices. ( T )

f ) Plug-ins can be downloaded for synthesizers, effects pedals for guitar, vocal effects, instrument simulators, etc. ( T )

g) These days technology is not used much in music. (F )

h) The Theremin was the first device to make an electronic sound. ( T )

i) Robert Moog is a musician and inventor of the modern keyboard, and he was born in Soria. (F )

j) The sound of Marshall amplifiers has been present throughout the entire history of rock music. ( T )

10. a) There are three tracks. b) The third. c) The first track.

Music and technology

Unit 4


1. Pianist – performer. Sonata, Op. 27 – work. Beethoven – composer.

2. a) Paintings and sculptures from antiquity.

3. Tension, the musician should be depicted with tense muscles. Vocalist, with the mouth open.

4. a) Sculptures are documents on stone or on paper. (F )

b) Thanks to sculptures we have information about some of humanity’s earliest times. ( T )

c) Sculptures do not provide any information about the importance of music. (F )

d) Sculptures show the beauty of the instruments and the human experience of playing music. ( T )

e) Romantic and modern sculpture are centred on the figure of the composer. ( T )

5. Greeks: a) Ceramics (pots, vases and plates).

6. a) two instruments

b) strings

c) the right

d) young

e) during the Middle Ages

7. b) Contrasts light and dark.

8. a) Romanticism.

9. INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC composed for instruments only.

VOCAL MUSIC Composed for voice.

RELIGIOUS MUSIC Composed as a tribute to a god or gods.

SECULAR MUSIC Music that is not religious.

ABSOLUTE MUSIC Has no story line.

PROGRAM MUSIC Inspired by non-musical elements.

Music and art

Unit 5


10. They are all related to music.

11.

12. a) Musical theatre. b) Incidental music. c) Ballet. d) Opera.

13. a) The Marriage of Figaro


1. Open answer.

2. The composer’s brothers.

3. Brave, purposeful, energetic.

4. c) The form ABACA.

5. a) Piano.

6. a) With a fast pulse.

b) With a medium tempo.

7. Concert flute.

8. a) In the 2/4 time signature. b) Sixteenth notes. c) It is chromatic. d) On a higher pitch.

9. Ostinato, rhythm, feel, melody.

10.

b) The note mi. c) The quarter note. d) Five rests.

Music and feel

Unit 6


11.

Birth The flute plays a quick melody that is intertwined with other brief melodies, like water splashing off of the rocks.

The river swells Cellos play a conjunct melody and present the RIVER THEME using repetitions. This is festive music with much instrumental interplay.

There are castles on the shore

Powerful music with brass and percussion instruments.

Wedding party next to the river

Popular melody with brass and eighth notes that give it rhythm.

The Naiads, magical river spirits

A placid melody on strings with undulating accompaniment from the flutes, for the small waves against the river banks.

The river swells and it is majestic

RIVER THEME with more orchestration, more volume and brightness.

The San Juan rapids Touches of powerful brass, edgy strings and a fast pulse, the river enters into a series of rapids and again becomes nervous and wild.

Children’s song Theme like a children’s song, rhythmic and happy.

Arriving in Prague Touches of brass and triumphal rhythmic percussion. Seems like the end.

Confluence with the Elba river, into which it merges

Soft strings, the river is blending in and disappears.

12. a) Eric Clapton.


1. a) Musical writing has not evolved at all since the year 1000. (F )

b) The printing press allowed musical scores to be published more quickly. ( T )

c) Before the year 1000, scores had 7 lines. (F )

d) Guido of Arezzo invented a way of establishing the pitches of the notes. ( T )

e) Writing down the duration of the sound was necessary when the musicians were playing and singing different melo-dies at the same time. ( T )

f ) Since the end of the 18th century until today, scores have contained the same information. ( T )

g) Before the year 1000, some symbols were put above the lyrics, which served as clues or reminders about how the melody went. ( T )

2. a) A. b) B. c) A. d) B. e) B. f) A.

3.

a) Look at the score. b) The eighth note triplet. c) Long. d) Slow. e) Four. f ) Look at the score. g) Look at the score.

4. Harmonic, classical, melody, accompaniment, lead.

5. a) It was written by hand, d) The passage has 12 measures. not using score editing software. e) It is written in a 2/2 time signature.

b) It is not written for a choir. f ) There are five whole notes.

c) Three chords: Ab7, Db7 and D7. g) The rhythmic figure that appears the most is the eighth note.

Music and writing

Unit 7


1. a) Euterpe.

2. a) A strong role.

3. J. S. BACH One hundred and twenty members of his family were musicians.

I. ALBENIZ Spanish musician, travelled to the Americas at age 14.

W. A. MOZART He was a musical genius and his father was also a musician.

J. BRAHMS His father played the contrabass and came from a poor family.

P. I. TCHAIKOVSKY Against his family’s wishes, he continued with a career in music and became successful.

L. VAN BEETHOVEN His father wanted his son to be a child prodigy like Mozart.

4. Composers, pieces, rhythm, verses, choruses, to conclude.

5. b) Enrico Caruso.

6.

7. Musicians, editing and composing, sound engineers, atmosphere, direction.

8. La Si Do Re Mi Fa Sol

A B C D E F G

9. b) One who plays for pleasure, but without much training.

10. a) Six strings, b) six tuning pegs, c) wood, d) Francisco Tárrega was from Villarreal, Spain.

11.

12. b) The monarchy, the church, and the wealthy nobles.

Music and musicians

Unit 8


1. Organ: seated. Violin: standing or seated. Piano: seated. Cymbals: standing. Cello: seated. Concert flute: stand-ing. Contrabass: standing or seated. Timbales: standing.

2. Open answer.

3. c) Joaquín Rodrigo.

4. Open answer.

5. Ballet.

6. c) Tchaikovsky.

7. WOODWINDS: concert flute, bassoon, oboe, clarinet.

BRASS: trumpet, trombone, tuba, French horn.

PERCUSSION: cymbals, bass drum, triangle, bongo drums.

8. Genres, dramatic genres, opera, Renaissance, Monteverdi.

9. BAROQUE OPERA: The castrati became the ultimate stars.

CLASSICAL OPERA: Emotions that are close to people, not the dramas of the gods.

ROMANTIC OPERA: Passion and feelings.

10. 1. BAROQUE; 2. CLASSICISM; 3. ROMANTICISM.

11.

CLARINET blowing HARP plucking

VIOLIN bowing TROMBONE blowing

TRIANGLE striking TIMBALES striking

TRUMPET blowing FRENCH HORN blowing

GUITAR plucking BASSOON blowing

CELLO bowing DRUM KIT striking

Music and the body

Unit 9

eso music ii - iessanagus.es · 4. the great violin makers stradivarius and guarnieri were italian....

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