escenario de packet tracer para voip
DESCRIPTION
Escenario VoIP con Packet TracerTRANSCRIPT
Escenario de Packet Tracer para VoIP(versión 3 del documento)Fecha: 12 de Abril 2013 En este escenario se reproducen las configuraciones básicas para establecer llamadas entre teléfonos Cisco entre dos sucursalesconectadas a través de un tunel GRE en un ambiente MPLS simulado.Parte de la configuración se realizó con Packet Tracer y parte con equipos reales (etiquetado QoS dentro del tunel GRE, capturas).
Acerca del documento: 1. Configuración router Rosario2. Configuración router Córdoba3. Configuración switch Rosario4. Configuración switch Córdoba5. Verificación DHCP Rosario6. Verificación Routing Rosario7. Pruebas8. Comunicación en curso9. Agregado de teléfonos en Rosario9.1 Cambios en SW Rosario9.2 Alta del teléfono nuevo en router Rosario9.3 Resumen de la running-config10 Verificación en router Rosario10.1 Registro incompleto10.2 Registro completo10.3 Verificación en switch11. Pruebas varias11.1 Llamada entre Rosario y Córdoba11.2 Llamada entre Rosario internos en Rosario12 Ejempo de configuración para llamada desde Córdoba a Rosario12.1 Configuración12.2 Verificación13. También es posible para reducir la configuración14. Verificación15. Implementación de router de contingencia16. Verificación de servicio DHCP alternativo en PC de Rosario17. Verificación de servicio DHCP alternativo en teléfono de Rosario18. Con llamadas activas Rosario-Córdoba19. Se reestablece el servicio por el router principal20. Desconexión y reconexión del patch del teléfono20.1 En switch20.2 En router con CME21. Trama con relay de DHCP para entender como se obtiene la MAC del dispositivo a travez de la WAN
22. Trama completa transportando un paquete de voz sobre IP dentro del túnel en la red MPLS de TECO23. Captura real con Wireshark23.1 Reproducción de la comunicación off-line24. Implementación de calidad de servicio (QoS) para VoIP24.1 En router Córdoba25. Campos de un paquete IP con valores de QoS aplicados en una policy26 Agregado de 8 teléfonos extra 1. Configuración router Rosario Rosario#sh runnBuilding configuration... Current configuration : 796 bytes!version 12.4!hostname Rosario!!ip dhcp pool tes (tes es por defecto el nombre asignado al pool) network 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.20.1 option 150 ip 192.168.20.1 (en la opción 150 indica cual es la IP del TFTP server)ip dhcp pool datos network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.10.1!!!interface Tunnel0 (para pasar tráfico privado por la red de TECO) ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.252 tunnel source FastEthernet0/1 tunnel destination 10.0.0.6!interface FastEthernet0/0 (tráfico inter-vlan) no ip address!interface FastEthernet0/0.10 (subinterfaz para vlan 10) description DATOS encapsulation dot1Q 10 ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0!interface FastEthernet0/0.20 (subinterfaz para vlan 20) description VOICE encapsulation dot1Q 20 ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0!interface FastEthernet0/1 (tráfico WAN) ip address 2.1.1.2 255.0.0.0!!router eigrp 100 (MPLS TECO) network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.3!router eigrp 101 (red interna) network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.3 network 192.168.10.0 network 192.168.20.0!dial-peer voice 1 voip destination-pattern 1234 (interno remoto en Cordoba) session target ipv4:172.16.0.2 (extremo del tunel)!telephony-service max-ephones 4 (cantidad de teléfonos soportados, depende de la plataforma) max-dn 4 (cantidad de extensiones soportados, depende de la plataforma)
ip source-address 192.168.20.1 port 2000 (identifica cómo los teléfonos se comunicaran con el router) auto assign 1 to 3 (cuando se conecte un teléfono se autoasignará en la config de CME, ver mas adelante)!ephone-dn 1 (declaro número de interno) number 7890!end Rosario# 2. Configuración router Córdoba Cordoba#sh runnBuilding configuration... Current configuration : 1156 bytes!version 12.4!hostname Cordoba!ip dhcp pool its network 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.30.1 option 150 ip 192.168.30.1ip dhcp pool DATOS network 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.40.1!interface Tunnel0 ip address 172.16.0.2 255.255.255.252 tunnel source FastEthernet0/1 tunnel destination 10.0.0.2!!!interface FastEthernet0/0 (tráfico inter-vlan) no ip address!interface FastEthernet0/0.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native no ip address!interface FastEthernet0/0.30 description VOICE encapsulation dot1Q 30 ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0!interface FastEthernet0/0.40 encapsulation dot1Q 40 ip address 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0!interface FastEthernet0/1 (tráfico WAN) ip address 10.0.0.6 255.255.255.252!router eigrp 100 (MPLS TECO) network 10.0.0.4 0.0.0.3!router eigrp 101 (red interna) network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.3 network 192.168.30.0 (voice) network 192.168.40.0 (datos)!dial-peer voice 1 voip destination-pattern 7890 session target ipv4:172.16.0.1!telephony-service max-ephones 4
max-dn 4 ip source-address 192.168.30.1 port 2000 auto assign 1 to 3!ephone-dn 1 (número dado de alta manualmente) number 1234!ephone 1 (teléfono autoasignado) device-security-mode none mac-address 000A.415B.5EE4 (similar al sticky de los SW) type 7960 button 1:1!!end Cordoba# 3. Configuración switch Rosario %ILPOWER-7-DETECT: Interface Fa0/2: Power Device detected: Cisco PD (detecta el teléfono)ILPOWER-5-POWER_GRANTED: Interface Fa0/2: Power granted (activa PoE) %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up Switch#sh runnBuilding configuration... Current configuration : 1083 bytes!version 12.2!hostname Switch!interface FastEthernet0/1 description enlace al router switchport access vlan 10 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk switchport voice vlan 20!interface FastEthernet0/2 description Telefono y PC switchport access vlan 10 (vlan de datos) switchport trunk native vlan 10 (no se etiqueta con el número de VLAN) switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk switchport voice vlan 20 (vlan de telefonía)!interface FastEthernet0/3 description PC comun switchport access vlan 10 switchport mode access!---resumido---!end Switch#sh power inline (verifico PoE)Available:370.0(w) Used:6.3(w) Remaining:363.7(w) Interface Admin Oper Power Device Class Max (Watts)--------- ------ ---------- ------- ------------------- ----- ----Fa0/1 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/2 auto on 6.3 IP Phone 2 15.4
Fa0/3 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/4 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/5 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4---resumido---Fa0/23 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/24 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Switch# Switch#sh vlan VLAN Name Status Ports---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/4, Fa0/5 Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9 Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13 Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17 Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21 Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig0/1 Gig0/210 datos active Fa0/320 voice active 1002 ---resumido--- Switch#sh cdp nei (verifico layer 2 al teléfono con Cisco Discovery Protocol)Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater, P - PhoneDevice ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDRouter Fas 0/1 178 R C2800 Fas 0/0IP Phone Fas 0/2 165 H P 7960 Router Fas 0/1 178 R C2800 Fas 0/0.10Router Fas 0/1 178 R C2800 Fas 0/0.20Switch# 4. Configuración switch Córdoba SW_Cordoba#sh runnBuilding configuration... !hostname SW_Cordoba!interface FastEthernet0/1 switchport access vlan 40 switchport trunk native vlan 40 switchport voice vlan 30!interface FastEthernet0/24 switchport mode trunk!---resumido---!SW_Cordoba# 5. Verificación DHCP Rosario Rosario#sh ip dhcp bind (verifico DHCP)IP address Client-ID/ Lease expiration Type Hardware address192.168.20.2 00D0.FF86.DA0C -- Automatic (teléfono)192.168.10.2 0090.0CC7.9582 -- Automatic (PC conectado a Fa0/3)192.168.10.5 00D0.FF37.AA8E -- Automatic (PC conectado al teléfono)Rosario# 6. Verificación Routing Rosario Rosario#sh ip route---resumido---
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnetsC 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 (extremo ISP-Rosario)D 10.0.0.4 [90/30720] via 10.0.0.1, 00:18:47, FastEthernet0/1 (extremo Córdoba-ISP) 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masksC 172.16.0.0/30 is directly connected, Tunnel0C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.10 (VLAN datos Rosario)C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.20 (VLAN voice Rosario)D 192.168.30.0/24 [90/26882560] via 172.16.0.2, 00:14:54, Tunnel0 (voice Córdoba)D 192.168.40.0/24 [90/26882560] via 172.16.0.2, 00:00:14, Tunnel0 (datos Córdoba)Rosario# 7. Pruebas %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to administratively down%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface ephone_dsp DN 1.1, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up %IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-1 IP:3.0.0.1 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered. Rosario#sh ephone (verifico teléfono registrado) ephone-1 Mac:00D0.FF86.DA0C TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:3.0.0.1 1025 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 1 number 7890 CH1 IDLE (teléfono on hook)Router# 8. Comunicación en curso Rosario#sh ephone ephone-1 Mac:00D0.FF86.DA0C TCP socket:[1] activeLine:1 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:1 offhook:1 ringing:1 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.2 1025 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 1 number 7890 CH1 CONNECTEDActive Call on DN 1chan 1 :7890 0.0.0.0 611 to 192.168.20.1 2000 via 0.0.0.0 (no es al teléfono de CórdobaG729 20 bytes no vad sino al router local)Tx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Rx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Lost 0Jitter 0 Latency 0 callingDn -1 calledDn -1 (media path callID 17 srcCallID 18)Rosario# Cordoba#sh ephone ephone-1 Mac:000A.415B.5EE4 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:1 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:1 offhook:1 ringing:1 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.30.2 1027 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 1 number 1234 CH1 CONNECTEDActive Call on DN 1chan 1 :1234 0.0.0.0 611 to 192.168.30.1 2000 via 0.0.0.0 (no es al teléfono de RosarioG729 20 bytes no vad sino al router local)Tx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Rx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Lost 0Jitter 0 Latency 0 callingDn -1 calledDn -1 (media path callID 17 srcCallID 18)Cordoba#
9. Agregado de un teléfono en Rosario
9.1 Cambios en SW Rosario !interface FastEthernet0/4 switchport voice vlan 20! 9.2 Alta del teléfono nuevo en router Rosario Rosario#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Rosario(config)#ephone-dn 2Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# number 7891Rosario(config-ephone-dn)#^Z %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface ephone_dsp DN 2.1, changed state to up%IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-2 IP:192.168.20.3 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered. 9.3 Resumen de la running-config !ephone-dn 1 number 7890!ephone-dn 2 (dado de alta manual) number 7891!ephone 1 device-security-mode none mac-address 00D0.FF86.DA0C type 7960 button 1:1!ephone 2 (autoasignado) device-security-mode none mac-address 00D0.9787.0E3D type 7960 button 1:2! 10 Verificación en router Rosario 10.1 Registro incompleto Rosario#sh ephone ephone-1 Mac:00D0.FF86.DA0C TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.2 1025 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2
button 1: dn 1 number 7890 CH1 IDLE ephone-2 Mac:00D0.9787.0E3D TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 UNREGISTEREDmediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:0.0.0.0 0 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn CH1 DOWN 10.2 Registro completo Rosario#sh ephone (de ambos teléfonos) ephone-1 Mac:00D0.FF86.DA0C TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.2 1025 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 1 number 7890 CH1 IDLE ephone-2 Mac:00D0.9787.0E3D TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.3 1034 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 2 number 7891 CH1 IDLE Rosario#sh ip dhcp bindIP address Client-ID/ Lease expiration Type Hardware address192.168.20.2 00D0.FF86.DA0C -- Automatic192.168.20.3 00D0.9787.0E3D -- Automatic (teléfono nuevo)192.168.10.2 0090.0CC7.9582 -- Automatic192.168.10.5 00D0.FF37.AA8E -- Automatic 10.3 Verificación en switch Switch#sh power inlineAvailable:370.0(w) Used:12.6(w) Remaining:357.4(w) (datos de la potencia utilizada por PoE) Interface Admin Oper Power Device Class Max (Watts)--------- ------ ---------- ------- ------------------- ----- ----Fa0/1 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/2 auto on 6.3 IP Phone 2 15.4Fa0/3 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/4 auto on 6.3 IP Phone 2 15.4 (teléfono nuevo)Fa0/5 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4---resumido--- Switch#sh cdp neiCapability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater, P - PhoneDevice ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDIP Phone Fas 0/4 153 H P 7960 (teléfono nuevo)IP Phone Fas 0/2 153 H P 7960 Rosario Fas 0/1 154 R C2800 Fas 0/0Rosario Fas 0/1 154 R C2800 Fas 0/0.10Rosario Fas 0/1 154 R C2800 Fas 0/0.20Switch# 11. Pruebas varias 11.1 Llamada entre Rosario y Córdoba Rosario#sh ephone (llamada desde 7891 a Córdoba) ephone-1 Mac:00D0.FF86.DA0C TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.2 1025 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 1 number 7890 CH1 IDLE
ephone-2 Mac:00D0.9787.0E3D TCP socket:[1] activeLine:1 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:1 offhook:1 ringing:1 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.3 1034 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 2 number 7891 CH1 CONNECTEDActive Call on DN 2chan 1 :7891 192.168.20.3 1034 to 192.168.20.1 2000 via 192.168.20.3G729 20 bytes no vadTx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Rx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Lost 0Jitter 0 Latency 0 callingDn -1 calledDn -1 (media path callID 17 srcCallID 18)Rosario# 11.2 Llamada entre Rosario internos en Rosario Rosario#sh ephone (llamada entre teléfonos de Rosario) ephone-1 Mac:00D0.FF86.DA0C TCP socket:[1] activeLine:1 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:1 offhook:1 ringing:1 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.2 1025 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 1 number 7890 CH1 CONNECTEDActive Call on DN 1chan 1 :7890 0.0.0.0 611 to 192.168.20.1 2000 via 0.0.0.0G729 20 bytes no vadTx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Rx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Lost 0Jitter 0 Latency 0 callingDn -1 calledDn -1 (media path callID 17 srcCallID 18) ephone-2 Mac:00D0.9787.0E3D TCP socket:[1] activeLine:1 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:1 offhook:1 ringing:1 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.3 1034 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 2 number 7891 CH1 CONNECTEDActive Call on DN 2chan 1 :7891 192.168.20.3 1034 to 192.168.20.1 2000 via 192.168.20.3G729 20 bytes no vadTx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Rx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Lost 0Jitter 0 Latency 0 callingDn -1 calledDn -1 (media path callID 17 srcCallID 18)Rosario# 12 Ejempo de configuración para llamada desde Córdoba a Rosario
12.1 Configuración Cordoba#conf t (se debe configurar cómo/donde econtrar este nuevo número)Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Cordoba(config)#Cordoba(config)#dial-peer voice 2 voipCordoba(config-dial-peer)# destination-pattern 7891 (interno)Cordoba(config-dial-peer)# session target ipv4:172.16.0.1 (extremo del tunel GRE)Cordoba(config-dial-peer)#^ZCordoba# 12.2 Verificación !dial-peer voice 1 voip destination-pattern 7890 session target ipv4:172.16.0.1!dial-peer voice 2 voip destination-pattern 7891 (nuevo teléfono)session target ipv4:172.16.0.1 (mismo gateway)!
13. También es posible para reducir la configuración Cordoba#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Cordoba(config)#no dial-peer voice 2 voip (elimina agregado)Cordoba(config)#dial-peer voice 1 voip (edita plan original del interno 7890)Cordoba(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 78.. (esto permite todos los internos que comiencen con 78)Cordoba(config-dial-peer)#^ZCordoba#
14. Verificación Cordoba#show runn ---resumido---!dial-peer voice 1 voip destination-pattern 78.. session target ipv4:172.16.0.1! 15. Implementación de router de contingencia
16. Verificación de servicio DHCP alternativo en PC de Rosario: el servicio se brinda desde Córdoba mediante DHCP relay. PC>ipconfig (luego de un /renew) IP Address......................: 192.168.10.1Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0Default Gateway.................: 192.168.10.254 (tiene el gateway alternativo) 17. Verificación de servicio DHCP alternativo en teléfono de Rosario: el servicio se brinda desde Córdoba mediante DHCP relay.
Cordoba#sh ip dhcp bind (verificamos)IP address Client-ID/ Lease expiration Type Hardware address192.168.30.2 000A.415B.5EE4 -- Automatic192.168.20.1 00D0.FF86.DA0C -- Automatic (teléfono)192.168.20.2 00D0.9787.0E3D -- Automatic (teléfono)192.168.10.1 0090.0CC7.9582 -- Automatic (PC)Cordoba# Cordoba#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Cordoba(config)#ephone-dn 2 (creamos los internos para Rosario)%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface ephone_dsp DN 2.1, changed state to upCordoba(config-ephone-dn)#number 7891Cordoba(config-ephone-dn)#exitCordoba(config)#ephone-dn 3 (creamos los internos para Rosario)%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface ephone_dsp DN 3.1, changed state to upCordoba(config-ephone-dn)#number 7890Cordoba(config-ephone-dn)#^ZCordoba#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console %IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-3 IP:192.168.20.2 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered. %IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-2 IP:192.168.20.1 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered. Cordoba#sh ephone (verificamos los internos registrados desde Rosario) ephone-1 Mac:000A.415B.5EE4 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.30.2 1025 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 1 number 1234 CH1 IDLE ephone-2 Mac:00D0.FF86.DA0C TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.1 1060 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 3 number 7890 CH1 IDLE ephone-3 Mac:00D0.9787.0E3D TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.2 1060 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 2 number 7891 CH1 IDLECordoba# 18. Con llamadas activas Rosario-Córdoba Cordoba#sh ephone ephone-1 Mac:000A.415B.5EE4 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:1 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:1 offhook:1 ringing:1 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.30.2 1025 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 1 number 1234 CH1 CONNECTEDActive Call on DN 1chan 1 :1234 192.168.30.2 1025 to 192.168.30.1 2000 via 192.168.30.2G729 20 bytes no vadTx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Rx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Lost 0Jitter 0 Latency 0 callingDn -1 calledDn -1 (media path callID 17 srcCallID 18)
ephone-2 Mac:00D0.FF86.DA0C TCP socket:[1] activeLine:1 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:1 offhook:1 ringing:1 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.1 1060 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 3 number 7890 CH1 CONNECTEDActive Call on DN 3chan 1 :7891 192.168.20.1 1060 to 192.168.30.1 2000 via 192.168.20.1G729 20 bytes no vadTx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Rx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Lost 0Jitter 0 Latency 0 callingDn -1 calledDn -1 (media path callID 17 srcCallID 18) ephone-3 Mac:00D0.9787.0E3D TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.2 1060 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 2 number 7891 CH1 IDLECordoba# Backup#sh runnBuilding configuration... Current configuration : 1000 bytes!version 12.4!hostname Backup!interface Tunnel1 ip address 172.16.0.5 255.255.255.252 tunnel source FastEthernet0/1 tunnel destination 10.0.0.6! !interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address!interface FastEthernet0/0.10 description VLAN datos encapsulation dot1Q 10 ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0 ip helper-address 192.168.30.1 (reenvía los pedidos DHCP a Córdoba)!interface FastEthernet0/0.20 description VLAN voice encapsulation dot1Q 20 ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0 ip helper-address 192.168.30.1 (reenvía los pedidos DHCP a Córdoba)!interface FastEthernet0/1 description MPLS TECO ip address 10.0.0.10 255.255.255.252!router eigrp 100 network 10.0.0.8 0.0.0.3 (MPLS TECO) no auto-summary!router eigrp 101 network 192.168.10.0 (VLAN datos) network 192.168.20.0 (VLAN voice) network 172.16.0.4 0.0.0.3 (tunel GRE) no auto-summary!end Backup# Cordoba#sh runnBuilding configuration... Current configuration : 1760 bytes
!hostname Cordoba!ip dhcp pool its network 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.30.1 option 150 ip 192.168.30.1ip dhcp pool voice-rosario (pool DHCP para pedidos de voice desde Rosario) network 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.20.254 (nótese gateway alternativo) option 150 ip 192.168.30.1ip dhcp pool datos-rosario (pool DHCP para pedidos de datos desde Rosario) network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.10.254 (nótese gateway alternativo)!interface Tunnel0 (principal) ip address 172.16.0.2 255.255.255.252 tunnel source FastEthernet0/1 tunnel destination 10.0.0.2 bandwidth 2048 (agregado para prioridad sobre Tunnel1, PT no soporte este comando)!!interface Tunnel1 (secundario) ip address 172.16.0.6 255.255.255.252 tunnel source FastEthernet0/1 tunnel destination 10.0.0.10 bandwidth 512 (agregado para prioridad de Tunnel1, PT no soporte este comando)!interface FastEthernet0/0 description LAN Cordoba ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0!interface FastEthernet0/1 description MPLS TECO ip address 10.0.0.6 255.255.255.252!router eigrp 100 network 10.0.0.4 0.0.0.3 no auto-summary!router eigrp 101 network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.3 (túnel principal) network 192.168.30.0 (LAN Córdoba) network 172.16.0.4 0.0.0.3 (túnel secundario) no auto-summary!dial-peer voice 1 voip destination-pattern 78.. session target ipv4:192.168.20.0 (red de voice Rosario, alcanzable desde ambos túneles)!telephony-service max-ephones 4 max-dn 4 ip source-address 192.168.30.1 port 2000 auto assign 1 to 3!ephone-dn 1 (teléfono local) number 1234!ephone-dn 2 (teléfonos de Rosario) number 7891!ephone-dn 3 (teléfonos de Rosario) number 7890!ephone 1 device-security-mode none mac-address 000A.415B.5EE4 type 7960 button 1:1
!ephone 2 (autoasignado una vez registrado) device-security-mode none mac-address 00D0.FF86.DA0C (la dirección MAC trabaja sólo local, pero el relay de DHCP la publica por la WAN) type 7960 button 1:3!ephone 3 (autoasignado una vez registrado) device-security-mode none mac-address 00D0.9787.0E3D (la dirección MAC trabaja sólo local, pero el relay de DHCP la publica por la WAN) type 7960 button 1:2!end Cordoba# 19. Se reestablece el servicio por el router principal Rosario#sh ephone (verificamos teléfonos) ephone-1 Mac:00D0.FF86.DA0C TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 UNREGISTEREDmediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:0.0.0.0 0 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 1 number 7890 CH1 DOWN ephone-2 Mac:00D0.9787.0E3D TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 UNREGISTEREDmediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:0.0.0.0 0 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 2 number 7891 CH1 DOWN Rosario# %IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-1 IP:192.168.20.3 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered. Rosario#sh ephone (verificamos teléfonos) ephone-1 Mac:00D0.FF86.DA0C TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.3 1026 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 1 number 7890 CH1 IDLE (verificamos registro de sólo un teléfono) ephone-2 Mac:00D0.9787.0E3D TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 UNREGISTEREDmediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:0.0.0.0 0 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 2 number 7891 CH1 DOWNRosario# 20. Desconexión y reconexión del patch del teléfono 20.1 En switch %ILPOWER-5-IEEE_DISCONNECT: Interface Fa0/4: PD removed (PoE) %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/4, changed state to down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/4, changed state to down %ILPOWER-7-DETECT: Interface Fa0/4: Power Device detected: Cisco PD (PoE)ILPOWER-5-POWER_GRANTED: Interface Fa0/4: Power granted %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/4, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/4, changed state to up
20.2 En router con CME %IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-2 IP:192.168.20.4 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered. Rosario#sh ephone ephone-1 Mac:00D0.FF86.DA0C TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.3 1026 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 1 number 7890 CH1 IDLE ephone-2 Mac:00D0.9787.0E3D TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.4 1026 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 2 number 7891 CH1 IDLERosario# 21. Trama con relay de DHCP para entender como se obtiene la MAC del dispositivo a travez de la WAN Las direcciones MAC sólo funcionan en un ambiente local (red LAN) pero en este tipo de tráfico se envía como dato para realizar unaasociación entre la IP de alquiler y la MAC de quien la utilizará. Frame 3 (356 bytes on wire, 356 bytes captured)Ethernet II, Src: 00:1b:54:96:61:c2, Dst: 00:1b:77:b3:80:a5 (Trama: capa 2 modelo OSI)Internet Protocol, Src: 192.168.10.254 , Dst: 192.168.30.1 (Paquete: capa 3 modelo OSI)User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: bootps (67), Dst Port: bootpc (68) (Segmento: capa 4 modelo OSI, ver es UDP)Bootstrap Protocol (DHCP: capa 7 modelo OSI) Message type: Boot Reply (2) Hardware type: Ethernet Hardware address length: 6 Hops: 0 Transaction ID: 0x78cc312e Seconds elapsed: 0 Bootp flags: 0x0000 (Unicast) Client IP address: 0.0.0.0 (aún no tiene IP) Your (client) IP address: 192.168.10.2 (PC en Rosario) Next server IP address: 192.168.30.1 (server DHCP en Córdoba) Relay agent IP address: 192.168.10.254 (router que realiza el relay) Client MAC address: 00:1b:77:b3:80:a5 (MAC del PC en Rosario) Server host name not given Boot file name not given Option: (t=53,l=1) DHCP Message Type = DHCP Offer Option: (t=1,l=4) Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Option: (t=58,l=4) Renewal Time Value = 12 hours Option: (t=59,l=4) Rebinding Time Value = 21 hours Option: (t=51,l=4) IP Address Lease Time = 1 day Option: (t=54,l=4) Server Identifier = xxx Option: (t=15,l=13) Domain Name = xxx Option: (t=3,l=4) Router = 192.168.10.254 (gateway a utilizar por el PC) Option: (t=6,l=4) Domain Name Server = Option: (t=44,l=8) NetBIOS over TCP/IP Name Server Option: (t=46,l=1) NetBIOS over TCP/IP Node Type = H-node End Option 22. Trama completa transportando un paquete de voz sobre IP dentro del túnel en la red MPLS de TECOCabe destacar toda la sobrecarga administrativa necesaria para transportar el stream de audio.
23. Captura real con Wireshark de la finalización de la sesión de señalización entre el teléfono y el router con CME (Call Manager Express)mediante el protocolo Skinny y comienzo de la conversación de audio mediante RTP (Real Time Protocol). Notar que la trama #58 anunciaStart Media Transmission, o sea, el audio en si, mediante el codificador G.711 que proporcionará un flujo de datos de 64 kbit/s.. Las MTU tienen unl longitud uniforme de 214 bytes.
23.1 Reproducción de la comunicación off-line
24. Implementación de calidad de servicio (QoS) para VoIP (implementado en un Cisco 1760, no en Packet Tracer) 24.1 En router Córdoba !class-map match-any QoS-Datos (1) (tráfico que coincide con cualquier condición siguiente) match access-group name Datos (ACL nombrada)(2) match access-group name VoIP-Signaling (ACL nombrada)(3) match ip precedence 2class-map match-any QoS-RTP (4) (tráfico que coincide con cualquier condición siguiente) match ip precedence 5 match access-group name VoIP-RTP (ACL nombrada)(5)!!policy-map QoS-policy (3)(acciones aplicadas al tráfico declarado en los class-map anteriores) class QoS-RTP (4) priority percent 30 (un tercio del ancho de banda para voz) set ip precedence 5 (etiqueta los paquetes con DSCP 5: critical) class QoS-Datos (1) bandwidth percent 50 (la mitad del ancho de banda es para datos) set ip precedence 2 (etiqueta los paquetes con DSCP 2: reenvío inmediato) class class-default (todo el tráfico que no coincide en (1) y (4)) fair-queue (cola de espera regular/normal)policy-map Shaper-1MB (aplica calidad de servicio en Fa0/1) class class-default shape average 1024000 (el execedente a a 1024 Kbps se pone en buffer de espera) service-policy QoS-policy (3)(etiqueta con precedence 3 o 5 según política anterior)!interface Tunnel0 ip address 172.16.0.2 255.255.255.252 tunnel source FastEthernet0/1 tunnel destination 10.0.0.2 bandwidth 2048 qos pre-classify (replica los campos de QoS del paquete IP original en la nueva encapsulación GRE) interface FastEthernet0/1 description MPLS TECO ip address 10.0.0.6 255.255.255.252 service-policy output Shaper-1MB (aplica a la salida MPLS, lo excedente a 1 Mbps queda en buffer)!!ip access-list extended Datos (aplicada en class-map QoS-Datos(2))
permit ip 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 (aplica tráfico datos Córdoba a Rosario)ip access-list extended VoIP-RTP (aplica a class-map QoS-RTP(5)) permit udp any any range 16384 32767 (rango de puertos utilizados por Real Time Protocol)ip access-list extended VoIP-Signaling (aplicada en class-map QoS-Datos(3)) permit tcp any any eq 2000 (es el protocolo Skinny o SCCP para teléfonos Cisco) 25. Campos de un paquete IP con valores de QoS aplicados en una policy (ver set ip precedence)
26. Agregado de 8 teléfonos extra
Rosario#conf tRosario(config)#telephony-serviceRosario(config-telephony)#max-ephones 10 (ampliamos cantidad de 4 a 10)Rosario(config-telephony)#max-dn 10 (ampliamos cantidad de 4 a 10)Rosario(config-telephony)#no auto assign 1 to 3Rosario(config-telephony)#auto assign 1 to 10 (ampliamos cantidad de 4 a 10)Rosario(config-telephony)#exitRosario(config)#ephone-dn 3 (generamos nuevos internos)Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# number 7892Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# exitRosario(config)#ephone-dn 4Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# number 7893Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# exitRosario(config)#ephone-dn 5
Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# number 7894Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# exitRosario(config)#ephone-dn 6Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# number 7895Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# exitRosario(config)#ephone-dn 7Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# number 7896Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# exitRosario(config)#ephone-dn 8Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# number 7897Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# exitRosario(config)#ephone-dn 9Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# number 7898Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# exitRosario(config)#ephone-dn 9Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# number 7899Rosario(config-ephone-dn)# endRosario# Switch#conf tSwitch(config)#interface range FastEthernet0/5-12 (ports para nuevos internos)Switch(config-if-range)#spanning-tree portfast%Warning: portfast should only be enabled on ports connected to a single host. Connecting hubs, concentrators, switches, bridges, etc... to this interface when portfast is enabled, can cause temporary bridging loops. Use with CAUTION %Portfast will be configured in 8 interfaces due to the range command but will only have effect when the interfaces are in a non-trunking mode.Switch(config-if-range)# switchport mode accessSwitch(config-if-range)# switchport voice vlan 20Switch(config-if-range)# endSwitch# %IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-3 IP:192.168.20.4 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered.%IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-4 IP:192.168.20.5 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered.%IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-5 IP:192.168.20.6 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered.%IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-2 IP:192.168.20.2 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered.%IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-6 IP:192.168.20.9 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered.%IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-1 IP:192.168.20.3 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered.%IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-7 IP:192.168.20.8 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered.%IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-8 IP:192.168.20.7 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered.%IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-9 IP:192.168.20.10 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered.%IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-10 IP:192.168.20.11 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered. Rosario#sh ephone (verificamos) ephone-1 Mac:0003.E461.50D4 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.3 1026 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 1 number 7890 CH1 IDLE ephone-2 Mac:0060.5C26.4540 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8
IP:192.168.20.2 1026 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 2 number 7891 CH1 IDLE ephone-3 Mac:000A.41AD.7472 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.4 1026 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 3 number 7892 CH1 IDLE ephone-4 Mac:00D0.BADA.DAEC TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.5 1026 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 4 number 7893 CH1 IDLE ephone-5 Mac:0009.7C8A.DA63 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.6 1026 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 5 number 7894 CH1 IDLE ephone-6 Mac:00E0.8FCD.DD10 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.9 1026 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 6 number 7895 CH1 IDLE ephone-7 Mac:00E0.A35C.C226 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.8 1026 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 7 number 7896 CH1 IDLE ephone-8 Mac:0050.0F62.2DD2 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.7 1026 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 8 number 7897 CH1 IDLE ephone-9 Mac:0050.0F19.5CAC TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.10 1026 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 9 number 7898 CH1 IDLE ephone-10 Mac:0001.9639.E937 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server in ver 8mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8IP:192.168.20.11 1062 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2 button 1: dn 10 number 7899 CH1 IDLERosario# Switch#sh power inlineAvailable:370.0(w) Used:63.0(w) Remaining:307.0(w) Interface Admin Oper Power Device Class Max
(Watts)--------- ------ ---------- ------- ------------------- ----- ----Fa0/1 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/2 auto on 6.3 IP Phone 2 15.4Fa0/3 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/4 auto on 6.3 IP Phone 2 15.4Fa0/5 auto on 6.3 IP Phone 2 15.4Fa0/6 auto on 6.3 IP Phone 2 15.4Fa0/7 auto on 6.3 IP Phone 2 15.4Fa0/8 auto on 6.3 IP Phone 2 15.4Fa0/9 auto on 6.3 IP Phone 2 15.4Fa0/10 auto on 6.3 IP Phone 2 15.4Fa0/11 auto on 6.3 IP Phone 2 15.4Fa0/12 auto on 6.3 IP Phone 2 15.4Fa0/13 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/14 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/15 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/16 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/17 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/18 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/19 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/20 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/21 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/22 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/23 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Fa0/24 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 15.4Switch# Cordoba#conf t (modificamos plan de dial en Córdoba, ver punto 13.)Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Cordoba(config)#dial-peer voice 1 voipCordoba(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 789. (incluye internos que finalizan entre 1 y 9)Cordoba(config-dial-peer)#^ZCordoba#