esc 300 structures system - asset standards authority

En

gin

eeri

ng

Sta

nd

ard

STRUCTURES SYSTEM

ESC 300

Engineering Standard Civil

Version 2.3

Issued February 2011

Owner: Chief Engineer Civil

Approved John Stapleton Authorised Richard Hitch by: Principal Engineer Technology by: Chief Engineer Civil

& Standards

Disclaimer

This document was prepared for use on the RailCorp Network only.

RailCorp makes no warranties, express or implied, that compliance with the contents of this document shall be sufficient to ensure safe systems or work or operation. It is the document user’s sole responsibility to ensure that the copy of the document it is viewing is the current version of the document as in use by RailCorp.

RailCorp accepts no liability whatsoever in relation to the use of this document by any party, and RailCorp excludes any liability which arises in any manner by the use of this document.

Copyright

The information in this document is protected by Copyright and no part of this document may be reproduced, altered, stored or transmitted by any person without the prior consent of RailCorp.

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED of 29

RailCorp Engineering Standard — Civil Structures System ESC 300

Document control

Version Date Summary of change 2.3 February, 2011 Changes detailed in Summary table below

2.2 July, 2010 Change of format for front page, change history and table of contents; 4.3: change TMC 304 to SPC 301

2.1 November, 2009 Change of format; minor editing

2.0 July, 2007 Minor changes in 5.2 re integrated designs, anti-graffiti coatings, not to use safe working colours when painting structures, provide safe access for inspection & maintenance, approved materials; New 5.3 re RailCorp standard construction specifications; Definition of kilometrage value included in Section 9. Replaces CTN 06/14 “Withdrawal of Old Standard Plans Bridges & Structures”.

1.0 March, 2006 First issue as a RailCorp document. Includes content from TS 4151

Summary of c hanges from previous version

Summary of change Section

Minor editing throughout All

Update definition for tunnels to make consistent with ESC 340; delete definitions for minor opening; overhead loading structures and unloading bins

3

New section on Heritage 4.2

Additional explanation on numbering of bridge members 7

Add definitions for cross girder; span; stringer girder App A

New Appendix on bridge numbering App B

© RailCorp of 29 Issued February 2011 UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED Version 2.3


Contents

1 Purpose, Scope and Application...........................................................................................4

2 References...............................................................................................................................4

2.1 Australian and International Standards.....................................................................................4

2.2 RailCorp Documents .................................................................................................................4

2.3 Other References......................................................................................................................4

3 Bridge and Structure Categories...........................................................................................4

4 Bridge and Structure Policies................................................................................................5

4.1 General......................................................................................................................................5

4.2 Heritage.....................................................................................................................................6

4.3 Design .......................................................................................................................................6

4.4 Construction ..............................................................................................................................7

4.5 Maintenance..............................................................................................................................7

4.6 Standard Plans..........................................................................................................................7

5 Description of Bridges and Structures .................................................................................8

6 Bridge Spans ...........................................................................................................................8

6.1 Length .......................................................................................................................................8

6.2 Types.........................................................................................................................................8

6.2.1 Deck...........................................................................................................................8

6.2.2 Through......................................................................................................................8

6.2.3 Truss..........................................................................................................................8

7 Numbering of Bridge Members .............................................................................................8

7.1 Underbridges.............................................................................................................................8

7.2 Overbridges and Footbridges ...................................................................................................9

8 Location of Bridges and Structures......................................................................................9

Appendix A Terms Used In Bridges and Structures ...............................................................11

Appendix B Bridge Numbering .................................................................................................15

Appendix C Typical Bridge Spans and Members....................................................................16

Appendix D Withdrawn Standard Plans ...................................................................................28



1 Purpose, Scope and Application This Standard sets out the high-level engineering policies for the design, construction and maintenance of bridges and structures on the RailCorp network, together with the conventions adopted for describing types of bridges and structures and their individual members.

2 References

2.1 Australian an d Inter national Standards AS 5100 - Bridge design

2.2 RailCorp Documents ESC 215 - Transit Space

SPC 301 - Structures Construction

2.3 Other R eferences Environmental Planning and Assessment Act

Heritage Act

Occupational Health & Safety Act

Rail Safety Act

3 Bridge and Structure Categories Bridges owned and maintained by RailCorp fall into three (3) general categories:

Underbridges: These are bridges supporting the track and passing over waterways, roadways, pathways, flood plains, etc. Underbridges include viaduct, flyover, subway and culvert structures.

The term ‘viaduct’ is used to refer to underbridges in excess of 100 metres in length.

The term ‘flyover’ is used to refer to a bridging structure where one rail track passes over another rail track that is located at ground level.

The term ‘subway’ is used to refer to an underbridge that passes over a pedestrian pathway.

The term ‘culvert’ is used to refer to minor ballast-top openings comprising metal pipes, concrete pipes, concrete boxes, concrete arches, brick and masonry arches.

Overbridges: These are bridges carrying road vehicles or livestock over the track, and may include provision for pedestrians.

Footbridges: These are bridges over the track carrying pedestrian traffic only, and may be freestanding or combined with an overhead booking office.

In addition to bridges as defined above, there are specific categories of other structures on RailCorp’s network crossing over, under or adjacent to the track:



Tunnels: A space through which one or more rail tracks pass, which is continuously enclosed above, below and on both sides.

These are structures constructed either through high terrain that enables the rail track to continue at an acceptable grade, or in metropolitan areas where above ground rail track is not feasible. It may be constructed by boring or by cut and cover. It may be fully lined or unlined (depending on the stability of the natural ground) and may be constructed with drainage systems, ventilation shafts and safety refuges.

For fire safety purposes, a tunnel is a space through which one or more rail tracks pass, which is continuously enclosed above, below and on both sides and is in excess of 80 m in length. An air space development providing enclosure of 80 m in length to a previously open track also forms a railway tunnel.

A ‘dive’ is a form of tunnel where one rail track passes under another track that is located at ground level.

Overbridges built to accommodate wide or skewed roadways are not defined as tunnels.

Retaining Walls: Retaining walls are constructed to protect the rail track from subsidence or land slips and are typically provided in cuttings or on narrow embankments. They are also constructed in areas where natural ground batters and the necessary cess width are not possible owing to the limited width of the railway easement. They are typically constructed in timber, masonry, concrete, steel sheeting, reinforced earth or rails and sleepers.

Station Platforms: These are line-side structures built to provide public access to passenger trains.

Air Space Developments: These are structures built over the rail track to support overhead offices, shops and accommodation etc.

Overhead Wiring Structures: Portal structures or masts built to support the overhead traction wiring.

Signal Gantries: Portal structures built to support signals over the tracks. May also support overhead wiring.

Buffer Stops: These are structures provided at the end of rail lines or sidings to prevent rolling stock from running off the end of the track and/or colliding with adjacent structures.

Service Crossings: These are structures carrying commercial product or utilities over or under the tracks and across the railway corridor.

Rockfall Shelters: Rockfall shelters are structures installed over and beside a rail track to prevent loose material from adjacent cuttings falling on to the rail line.

Lighting and Communication Towers: These are structures installed beside a rail line for the purpose of supporting overhead lighting and aerial communication lines.

4 Bridge and Structure Policies

4.1 General All bridges and structures within the RailCorp network shall be designed, installed and maintained in a condition appropriate to the traffic task and safe operations, at the lowest overall life-cycle and operational cost.



Mandatory obligations for the design, construction, maintenance and disposal of bridge and structure assets will be met through compliance with safety, statutory and regulatory requirements and Australian Standards. Applicable legislation includes the Rail Safety Act, the Occupational Health & Safety Act, the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act and the Heritage Act.

4.2 Heritage Heritage considerations and classifications shall be observed in all designs. This may have particular application in circumstances where:

• an existing structure is being refurbished or modified • a new structure is being proposed in the vicinity of existing heritage items • a redundant structure is to be demolished.

RailCorp maintains a database of heritage assets in accordance with section 170 of the Heritage Act. The RailCorp Section 170 Register can be found on the Intranet site and the Internet site at http://www.railcorp.info/community/heritage_register

The Heritage Branch of NSW Department of Planning maintains a State Heritage Inventory. The State Heritage Inventory is available on their website at www.heritage.nsw.gov.au.

These registers shall be referenced before planning any changes to structures assets to ensure changes comply with the requirements of the NSW Heritage Act.

4.3 Design The design of all new or replacement bridges and structures will take into account:

• Service loads and current/ known future operating requirements; • Environmental conditions (e.g. coastal environments); • Impact and derailment protection where applicable; • RailCorp’s Transit Space Standards; • Life-cycle costs.

Bridges shall be designed for a design life of 100 years, in accordance with AS 5100 “Bridge design”.

Other structures shall be designed for the design life specified in the relevant standard for each category of structure.

The design of each bridge and structure is to be integrated taking into account all associated requirements such as service routes, overhead wiring and signalling infrastructure, drainage, bonding and architectural treatments. Where appropriate, aesthetics are to be taken into account including proportions, details and finishes.

In locations that are vulnerable to vandalism and graffiti, appropriate measures are to be taken to discourage access to the bridge. Anti-graffiti coatings should be specified in areas where there is a high risk of graffiti.

Trackside structures shall not be painted in safeworking colours of red, orange and green.

Designs for structures shall provide safe access for inspection and maintenance. This may include access steps, ladders, cages, walkways and fixing points.

The area extending one metre below design rail level of Normal Structure Gauge 1994 as detailed in RailCorp Engineering Standard - ESC 215 Transit Space shall be kept clear of structures and structure footings.


www.heritage.nsw.gov.au

http://www.railcorp.info/community/heritage_register


When modifying or replacing line-side or overhead structures, clearances, track centres and shoulder widths should be increased to the current standards to the maximum extent possible given practical restraints at the site. Where current standards cannot be achieved the approval of the Chief Engineer Civil shall be obtained.

Approved construction materials for main structural elements are steel and concrete. Masonry is approved for existing structures. With the exception of bridge transoms, timber materials will not be used as structural elements in the design of new bridges and structures.

Fibre composite and engineered timber products may be used subject to the approval of the Chief Engineer Civil.

4.4 Construction Standard construction specifications shall be used for the manufacture, fabrication, erection and installation of bridge and structures components, and the construction of associated civil works.

RailCorp has a suite of technical specifications for construction of bridges and structures. The specifications are detailed in RailCorp Engineering Specification SPC 301 Structures Construction and are to be incorporated in the design and construction documentation of structures. The specifications generally adopt the Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA) QA Specifications as posted on the RTA web site. The specifications include specific RailCorp requirements where necessary.

4.5 Maintenance Major assets in service such as steel truss bridges, long viaducts and tunnels will be maintained and preserved for an indefinite service life.

Deterioration limits (to be referred to as Defect Limits) will be set for individual bridge members, for use by examination and maintenance personnel. A Mandatory Response will also be set for each Defect Limit found, ranging from recording for future information and action to immediate closure of the track.

Technical Maintenance Plans (TMP) and Service Schedules (SS) will be prepared and implemented for all bridge and structure assets, specifying which items are to be maintained, what maintenance is to be carried out and when maintenance is required.

4.6 Standard Plan s Over the years Standard Plans have been developed for many rail assets. Many of the plans have been superseded with the development of new standards.

Books of Standard Plans are still in existence in some offices. The Standard Plans are available in the Plan Room. Whilst this is necessary for the maintenance of old assets originally built to the plans, the plans are generally not suitable for use in the design of new assets.

The Standard Plans listed in Appendix 4 are withdrawn from use for design of new assets and refurbishment/upgrading of existing assets. Plans may be used on particular projects if approval is obtained from the Chief Engineer Civil.



5 Description of Bridges and Structures Terms used to describe individual members of bridges and structures are listed in Appendix 1. Sketches of typical bridge spans and members are shown in Appendix 2.

6 Bridge Spans

6.1 Length The length of bridge spans is measured and described as follows:

• Steel bridges: distance between centres of bearings • Concrete bridges: distance between centres of bearings • Brick and Stone bridges: distance between faces of piers • Timber bridges: distance between centres of headstocks.

For bridges with an integral deck, walls, and invert (e.g. box culverts, arch culverts, box drains and pipes), the span length is measured between faces of walls.

Skew spans are measured generally parallel to the supported track or road.

6.2 Types There are three (3) types of bridge span:

6.2.1 Deck

Has track on top with no parts of bridge above rail height.

6.2.2 Through

Any type of bridge that has sides above the level of the track with no parts on top joining the sides.

6.2.3 Truss

A bridge made up of a number of parts and forms a box type shape and trains pass through the centre.

7 Numbering of Bridge Members Numbering of bridge members follows the same pattern for underbridges, overbridges, and footbridges.

Bridge members are: abutments, piers/trestles, spans, girders, cross girders, stringers, corbels, headstocks, sway bracing and wind bracing.

For truss bridges, members also include top chord, bottom chord, diagonals and verticals.

Refer to Appendix A Terms used in Bridges and Structures for definitions.

7.1 Underbridges For underbridges, the Sydney end abutment is the datum for numbering, being the No. 1 Abutment.



The numbering system for bridge components starts at the Sydney end of the bridge.

For members running across ways, e.g. abutments, spans, piers cross girders, sway braces and transoms, the numbers start at number 1 at the Sydney end abutment and continue sequentially towards the country end of the bridge.

These members are numbered as follows:

• Abutments: No. 1 closer to Sydney, No. 2 other end of bridge. • Abutment Wings: No. 1 (Down) and No. 2 (Up) for No. 1 Abutment. No. 3 (Down)

and No. 4 (Up) for No. 2 Abutment. • Spans: No. 1 is the first span from the Sydney end abutment; and then numbered

away from Sydney • Piers/Trestles: No. 1 closest to No. 1 Abutment, others in sequence. • Cross Girders: from the Sydney end of each span. • Sway bracing: from the Sydney end of each span. • Transoms: numbered sequentially from No. 1 abutment.

For bridge components running length wise, e.g. girders, stringers, piles, corbels, and wind braces, the numbering is from left to right when standing with your back to Sydney facing the bridge.

These members are numbered as follows:

• Piles: From the Down side of each Abutment/Trestle/Pier. • Girders, Stringers, Corbels: From the Down side of each span. • Wind bracing: from the Sydney end of each span.

Refer to Appendix B Bridge Numbering for a diagram of the above for an underbridge.

7.2 Overbridges and Fo otbridges For overbridges and footbridges, the Down side Abutment is the datum for numbering, i.e. the No. 1 Abutment.

The numbering system for bridge components starts at the down side abutment. Bridge members then are numbered as for an underbridge i.e from number one abutment to number 2 abutment, and from left to right when standing at number 1 abutment facing the bridge.

8 Location of Bridges and Structures All bridges and structures are to have a kilometrage (correct to 3 decimal places) stencilled in 75mm high black figures on a white background, or engraved on a plaque.

The kilometrage value is generally the value at the face of the structure on the Sydney end. For bridges and culverts, the kilometrage value is as follows:

• Underbridges: the km value at the face of the Sydney end abutment under the centreline of the furthest Down track.

• Culverts: the km value at the centreline of the culvert or the Sydney side centreline of a group of culverts.

• Overbridges and Footbridges: the km value where the Sydney side of the bridge crosses the track.

The stencilled kilometrage is to be located as shown:

Underbridges: on the Up side of the No. 1 abutment and on the Down side of the No. 2 abutment. Underbridges less than 10 metres long are to be stencilled on the No. 1



abutment only. Bridges without defined abutments, e.g. some culvert structures, are to be stencilled on the face of the Down side headwall.

Overbridges and Footbridges: on the abutment or pier adjacent to the furthest Down track and at the Sydney end.

Tunnels: on the Down side of the No. 1 portal, and on the Up side of the No. 2 portal.

Platforms: on the face of the coping at each end of No. 1 platform.

Overhead Wiring and Signal Structures: in accordance with conventions implemented by electrical and signalling disciplines.

Other Structures: on the Down side of the track and at the Sydney end.


Appendix A Terms Used In Bridges and Structures

A

ABUTMENT The support at each end of a bridge.

APPROACH SLAB Slab (usually reinforced concrete) laid above the formation behind bridge abutments and designed to provide a transition zone for

track stiffness onto the bridge.

B

BALLAST LOG Member usually timber, sitting on top of the abutment wall to hold back track ballast.

BALLAST TOP Underbridge with continuous deck supporting metal ballast.

BALLAST WALL Member laid longitudinally at the outer edge of a ballast top span to prevent ballast spilling over the side.

BARRIER The fence or walls along the sides of overbridges and footbridges, installed to protect road vehicles, cyclists and pedestrians from

falling over the edge of the bridge.

BEARING Seating area of a load-carrying member; may be a separate fabricated member attached to the girder ends.

BODY BOLT Vertical bolt in timber girders and corbels causing pairs of members to deflect together.

BRACING Horizontal or diagonal member attached to main members to stiffen those members, or to minimise sidesway.

BRIDGE A structure spanning a river, road, railway, or the like, and carrying vehicles or persons. Consists of a substructure and a

superstructure.

BROAD FLANGE BEAM A steel girder designed in the 1920’s with thicker and wider flanges and reduced height of web for use in locations where greater vertical clearance was required.

BUFFER STOP Structure provided at the end of a rail line or siding to prevent rolling stock from running off the end of the track and/or colliding

with an adjacent structure. May be fixed or energy absorbing type.

C

CAPPING Semi-impermeable layer of fill located immediately above the main formation and designed to shed water to the sides of the track.

CATCHMENT Area of land from which water flows into an underbridge.

COMPOUND GIRDER Timber girder made from two or more sections bolted firmly together on top of each other.

COPING The longitudinal edge of a station platform.

CORBEL Short longitudinal member seated on a headstock providing a bearing for adjacent girders.

CRACK Open fissure on the surface of a member, but not necessarily right through the member.

CROSS GIRDER Load-bearing member of a structure that runs transverse to the direction of traffic.

CULVERT Arch, box-shaped or piped underbridge having integral walls, roof and floor.

D



DEBRIS Rubbish or other loose material lying near an underbridge and which impedes smooth water flow through the bridge opening.

DECAY Deterioration on or in a timber member causing loss of strength.

DECK Part of bridge superstructure directly carrying the load.

DEFLECTION Downwards displacement or sag of a girder when loaded by vehicles or persons.

DEFLECTION WALL Structural wall installed to protect the supports of a structure adjacent to the track from collapse caused by a derailed train.

DIVE Form of tunnel where one rail track passes under another track that is located at ground level

DRIVING MARK Mark cut into (timber) pile indicating in roman numerals the distance to the pile tip.

F

FLOOD LEVEL Mark stencilled on No.1 Abutment of underbridges indicating height and date of maximum previous flood.

FOOTBRIDGE Bridge over the track carrying pedestrian traffic only. May be freestanding or combined with an overhead booking office.

FORMATION Ground immediately beneath the capping and track.

FLYOVER Bridging structure where one rail track passes over another which is at ground level.

G

GIRDER Main horizontal load-bearing member of a structure.

GUARD RAIL Rail placed in pairs and fixed to transoms or sleepers between the running rails, to guide the wheels of a derailed train.

H

HANDHOLD DEVICE A system of handrails provided along a wall structure to provide support for personnel.

HEADSTOCK Horizontal member(s) attached at or near the top of a trestle or pier, on which the superstructure bears.

I

INVERT Earth or concrete floor of an underbridge.

J

JACK ARCH Form of bridge decking in which small concrete or masonry arches infill run between main longitudinal steel girders.

M

MINOR OPENING Underbridge less than 10 metres in length.

O

OBVERT Underside of bridge superstructure.

OVERBRIDGE Bridge carrying road vehicles or livestock over a track.

P

PACKING Piece of timber, steel, or other hard material, placed or driven between members to adjust their relative position.

PARAPET A type of barrier comprising a solid wall or post and rail fence along the sides of overbridges and footbridges, installed to protect

road vehicles, cyclists and pedestrians from falling over the edge of the bridge.

PIER Intermediate support of bridge spans between abutments, built of solid construction and usually in concrete or masonry.



PILE A vertical or inclined member driven or cast in the ground to support a trestle, pier, sill, or abutment. Includes:

– Batter pile: set at an angle to the vertical to resist sidesway; – Planted pile: set in excavated hole then backfilled and

compacted; – Plumb pile: vertical pile; – Potted pile: set in concrete below ground level; – Pumping pile: a pile that is moving vertically in the ground

under load; – Spliced pile: two or more pile sections joined end-to-end by

plates; – Stump pile: pile section left in the ground after top removed.

PIPE Hollow longitudinal void near the centre of a timber member where the heartwood is usually situated.

PROTECTION SCREEN Screen installed on overbridges and footbridges to prevent accessibility to a safety screen and to restrict objects from falling

or being thrown onto the track below. Often referred to as an anti- throw barrier/screen.

R

REFUGE A ‘safe area’ provided along a bridge, retaining wall or in a tunnel. Usually recessed.

ROCKFALL SHELTER A structure installed over and beside a rail track to prevent loose material from adjacent cuttings falling on to the rail line.

ROT Internal decay of a timber member caused by fungal attack.

RUNNER Longitudinal member bolted to girders and transoms to hold transoms to correct spacing.

S

SAFE AREA A place where people and equipment will not be hit by a passing train.

SAFETY SCREEN Impenetrable barrier intended to prevent persons from contacting 1500 volt DC equipment and to protect the equipment from

damage.

SCREWING UP Maintenance process of tightening up body and other bolts to improve the load capacity of a timber bridge.

SERVICE CROSSING Structure carrying commercial product or utilities over or under a track and across the railway corridor.

SILL Concrete or masonry footing supporting a trestle.

SPAN Section of bridge between substructure supports.

SOFFIT The underside of a bridge superstructure.

SPLIT Fissure in a timber member running parallel to the grain, from one face right through to the opposite face.

STATION PLATFORM Line-side structure built to provide public access to passenger trains.

STRINGER GIRDER Secondary horizontal load-bearing member of a structure that runs parallel to the direction of traffic.

SUBSTRUCTURE The supports for a bridge deck including trestles, piers, abutments and foundations.

SUBWAY Underbridge passing over a pedestrian pathway.

SUPERSTRUCTURE The deck or “top part” of a bridge spanning between supports.



T

TEREDO Marine borer which destroys timber in tidal areas.

TERMITE Insect (incorrectly called white ants) which attacks timber by eating the cells, causing strength loss.

THROUGH SPAN Span type where the main girders rise above track level.

TIP END SHEETING Sheeting behind extended timber girder ends of abutments.

TRANSOM Structural member laid across girders for attachment of rails on transom top spans.

TRANSOM TOP Underbridge where the track is directly fixed to the superstructure and metal ballast is not provided.

TRESTLE Intermediate support for bridge spans between abutments, usually constructed as a timber or steel frame.

TROUGHING Pipe in timber member starting at the top face.

TRUSS Girder made from two horizontal members (top and bottom chords), joined by vertical and diagonal members.

U

UNDERBRIDGE A bridge supporting a track and passing over waterways, roadways, pathways and flood plains etc.

V

VIADUCT An underbridge consisting of multiple spans with total length over 100 metres.

W

WALKWAY An area along an underbridge where personnel can walk without falling through to the ground.

Pedestrian access attached to, or included in, an overbridge.

WATERWAY Clear area under a bridge for water to run through.

WING Piles and sheeting or concrete or masonry wall restraining embankment on each side of an abutment.



3

2 1


Appendix B Bridge Numbering

CONVENTIONAL NUMBERING OF BRIDGE MEMBERS TRANSOM TOP UNDERBRIDGE

No. 2 WING

COUNTRY

No. 3 GIRDER

No. 2 GIRDER

No. 1 GIRDER

No. 4 WING

No. 3 WING

No. 1 ABUTMENT

No. 1 PIER No. 1 SPAN No. 2 SPAN

DOWN SIDE

UP SIDE

No. 2 ABUTMENT

No. 1 WING

SYDNEY



Appendix C Typical Bridge Spans and Members The following figures are attached, illustrating a number of different types of bridge structures that exist in the RailCorp network, together with their major components:

Figure 1: Transom top underbridge

Figure 2: Ballast top underbridge

Figure 3: Concrete box girder

Figure 4: Masonry arch bridge

Figure 5: Concrete box culvert

Figure 6: Broad flange beam (BFB) span

Figure 7: Plate web girder (PWG) welded deck span

Figure 8: Plate web girder (PWG) rivetted deck span

Figure 9: Plate web girder (PWG) rivetted through span

Figure 10: Truss girder through span

Figure 11: Steel overbridge jack arch span

Figure 12: Footbridge and stepway

Figure 13: Rolled steel sections


ENGINEERED BACKFILL

SCOUR PROTECTION

STEEL GIRDERS

HEADSTOCKS

PIERS

PILECAPS

PILES

HANDRAIL & WALKWAY

WINGWALL

ABUTMENT 2 ABUTMENT 1

ELEVATION


WALKWAY

TRANSOM

GIRDERS

GRATING

HANDRAIL

TRANSOM BOLT

ZINC STRIP

RAIL GUARDRAIL

SINGLE TRACK - DECK CROSS SECTION

FIGURE 1: TRANSOM TOP UNDERBRIDGE


HANDRAILING

GIRDERS

ABUTMENT ABUTMENT HEADSTOCKS

PIERS

PILE CAPS

PILES

GEOGRID REINFORCED FILL

SCOUR PROTECTION

ELEVATION


CL CLDN TRACK UP TRACK

KERB

TIE BARS

WALKWAY

EXTERNAL INTERNAL EXTERNAL GIRDER GIRDERS GIRDER

MULTIPLE TRACK - DECK CROSS SECTION

FIGURE 2: BALLAST TOP UNDERBRIDGE


BALLAST

HANDRAIL

DECK SLAB DECK SLAB

BOX GIRDER BOX GIRDER

WALKWAY

FIGURE 3: CONCRETE BOX GIRDER

MULTIPLE TRACK

HANDRAILING AND WALKWAY SPANDRELL WALL

ARCH

PIERS ABUTMENT

FIGURE 4: MASONRY ARCH BRIDGE

LINK SLAB CROWN UNIT

WINGWALL

BASE AND APRON SLAB


FIGURE 5: CONCRETE BOX CULVERT


TRANSOM BOLT RAIL

GUARD RAIL

WEB STIFFENER

BROAD FLANGE BEAM

BED PLATE

CHANNEL DIAPHRAGM (C 380 X 100)

H.D. BOLT HOLES

WIND BRACING

BEARING PLATE


FIGURE 6: BROAD FLANGE BEAM (BFB) SPAN


70 70 TRANSOM PACKER

TRANSOM

STIFFENER

CONTINUOUS ZINC STRIP 670 WIDE

TRANSOM BOLT

WIND BRACE

DIAPHRAGM

TYPICAL SECTION ORIGINAL DESIGN

TRANSOM TRANSOM PACKER 70

70

STIFFENER BOLTED TO BOTTOM FLANGE

TYPICAL SECTION MODIFIED DESIGN

TRANSOM BOLT


FIGURE 7: PLATE WEB GIRDER (WELDED) DECK SPAN


TRANSOMS

END STIFFENERS WIND BRACING SWAY BRACING

BEARING PLATE WEB STIFFENERS MAIN GIRDER

(INTERMEDIATE)

TRANSOM

WIND BRACING

SWAY BRACING

SWAY BRACING

RAIL GUARD RAIL

MAIN GIRDER

WEB STIFFENERS

GUSSET PLATE

TYPICAL SECTION


FIGURE 8: PLATE WEB GIRDER (PWG) RIVETTED DECK SPAN


STRINGERS CROSS GIRDER

GUSSET PLATE MAIN GIRDER

CROSS GIRDER

WIND BRACE

GUSSET PLATE

PLAN

STRINGER GIRDER (RSJ)

WEB STIFFENER

CLEAT

CROSS GIRDER

SECTION


FIGURE 9: PLATE WEB GIRDER (PWG) RIVETTED THROUGH SPAN


TOP CHORD

TRUSS SWAY BRACING

TOP CHORD WIND BRACING

PORTAL BRACING

END POST

VERTICAL WEB MEMBER

DIAGONAL WEB MEMBER

BOTTOM CHORD

BOTTOM CHORD WIND BRACING

(STRINGERS AND THEIR BRACING NOT SHOWN)

PORTAL BRACING END POST

STRINGER GIRDER

STRINGER SWAY BRACING

BOTTOM CHORD

CROSS GIRDER

BOTTOM CHORD WIND BRACING END VIEW STRINGER WIND BRACING

(CONNECTS FLANGES OF STRINGERS)


FIGURE 10: TRUSS GIRDER THROUGH SPAN


(RSJ)

A

PARAPET

No 1 ABUTMENT

No. 1 TRESTLE

MAIN GIRDERS

HEADSTOCK No 2 TRESTLE

DOWN TRACK UP TRACK

BRICKWORK

CONCRETE

TRESTLE FOOTING

A

No 2 ABUTMENT

PARAPET

No. 2 No. 3 No.4 No. 1

No. 5

MAIN GIRDERS

TRESTLE

TRESTLE SWAY BRACING

No. ABU

SYDNEY


FIGURE 11: STEEL OVERBRIDGE JACK ARCH SPAN




LANDING MAIN GIRDERS

BALLUSTER STEPWAY LANDING

RAILING

STEPWAY FOOTING

STRINGER (CHANNEL)

TREAD

RISER

STEPWAY TRESTLE

TRESTLE WIND BRACING

TRESTLE

TRESTLE FOOTING

FIGURE 12: FOOTBRIDGE AND STEPWAY

FLANGE

FILLET WEB

ALL 300

NO MARKINGS

R.S.J B.F.B ROLLED STEEL JOIST (BROAD FLANGE BEAM) (TAPERED FLANGE BEAM)

TOE

MARKED 'B.H.P'

HEEL

FILLET

U.B. U.C. UNIVERSAL BEAM UNIVERSAL COLUMN ANGLE

CHANNEL TEE Z BAR


FIGURE 13: ROLLED STEEL SECTIONS



Appendix D Withdrawn Standard Plans

PLAN NUMBER TITLE

SP 423 Ash Stop for Siding F1248 Blocks, Stop 94-195 Buffer Stop, Standard 204-88 Buffer Stop, Standard for Terminal Roads SP 469 Buffer Stop, Standard 1957

93-20 Cables, Under Tracks, Concreting of carrier pipes F 1677 Cattle Stop, renewal of timber abutments in concrete 190-211 Cattle Stop Standard Movable ST 171 Concrete Data Sheet ST 58 Crossing, Alignment of Road Crossings 1933 F 2775 Crossing, Water Main, from 4" to 20" diameter SS 407 Crossing, Under Tracks, Reinforced concrete encasing 84-143 Culverts, Multiple Reinforced Concrete 84-144 Culverts, Multiple 3’ 0” Reinforced Concrete SS 400 Culvert, Concrete, 16" Open top SS 410 Culverts, Single Reinforced Concrete, Old rail type SS 411 Culverts, Multiple Reinforced Concrete, Old rail type SS 412 Culvert, Reinforced Concrete, Standard 2’ 0” x 2’ 0” SS 413 Culverts, Reinforced Concrete, Standard 3' 0" SS 414 Culverts, Standard Reinforced Concrete SS 424 Culvert, Concrete Pipe ST 73 Culverts, Standard Brick

1953-46, 874 Derail STD - Hand Operated ST 12C Draining Method, Soft Places in Road Bed ST 12D Draining Method, Soft Places in Road Bed ST 12F Drainage on Soft Places Under Track SD 400 Drainage of Tracks - Sumps SD 401 Drainage of Tracks - Sumps, Surface SD 402 Drainage of Tracks - Spall Drains SD 404 Drains for Roadways (Precast Box Drains)

204A-152 End Loading Ramp (STD) Concrete, Type B 205A-19 End Loading Ramp (STD) Concrete, Type A SS 404 Extension Nut, Holding Down Bolts

ST 55 Fence, Dropper SG 404 Fence, Standard, Man Proof SG 409A Fences, Typical, General Arrangement SG 410 Fences, Typical, Details SG 415 Fence, Fettlers SG 423A Fence, Standard SG 424 Fences, Wing for Use at Level Crossings

95-121 Gates, Tubular, Methods for Strengthening



PLAN NUMBER TITLE ST 53A Gates, Pipe, STD 204A-57 Guard Rail, Level Crossings 1977-48, 802 Guard Rail, Level Crossings ST 71 Guard Rails, STD for Opening ST 71A Guard Rails, STD for Openings on Curves

F 1414 Hangers for Painting Bridges, Standard Adjustable SG 405 Level Crossing Signs STD ST 56 Level Crossing Signs STD SP 412 Level Crossing Signs STD SP 514A Loading Bank, STD 3’ 4” and 5’ 10” High

154-126 Platform, Old rail with concrete deck 184-51 Platform Walls, Standard, Cantilever Type ST 6 Platform Walls, Standard, Brick ST 7 Platform Walls, Standard, Concrete ST 8 Platforms, Standard, Precast Concrete Units

SG 425 Sign for Unattended Level Crossings ST 80 Steel Openings, Standard 6’, 8’ 10’ and 14’ 95-120 Stock unloading Ramp, Old Sleeper Type 726-40, 984 Stock unloading Ramp, Old Sleeper Type, Single

F 577 Timber Openings, 14’ 0”, Method of Strengthening H 971 Timber Openings, 4’ 0”, Concrete piers & abutments H 972 Timber Openings, 6’ 0”, Replacement of timber abutment H 973 Timber Openings, 4’ 0”, Replacement of timber abutment SS 420B Timber Openings, Renewal of piles, Method of repair SS 421 Timber Openings, 4’ 0”, Concrete piers, Low trestles SS 422 Timber Openings, 6’ 0”, Concrete piers, Low trestles SS 425 Timber Openings, Standard protection for ends of tip spans 99-140 Timber Openings, 14'-0", Concrete Abutments & Piers ST 83 Timber Openings, 10’ 6”, Concrete piers, Low trestles SP 495 Timber Take-off (STD Portable) ST 95A Timber Underbridges, Method of fixing transoms SS 432 Track Slab for Siding, Type 1 SS 433 Track Slab for Siding, Type 2 ST 94B Transom bolts (STD) and Ballast Logs ST 12E Treating Bad Formation - Method of ST 75 Tunnels, Standard

SG 407 Walkways between platforms, portable timber SG 428 Walkway, Pedestrian, STD movable 176B-18A Warning Sign STD, Type "G" for LX gates
