1Franco.Ongaro@esa.int, Nathalie.Ricard@esa.int

ESA Iris ProgrammeTechnical Overview

15.10.2008 Conference Call

2

System Design Hypothesis & Options from Ph.A studies

3

Role of Satellite CommunicationsContinental airspace + oceanic

European AOC Centre

Airportnetwork

Airport Terminal Manoeuvering Area / En-route(continental area: dual link )

Oceanic, Remote & Polar

Future terrestrialnetwork

System Wide Information Management (SWIM) Satcom

European Air Traffic Control Centre

Login (no traffic)

4

Iris Satellite System architecture

Terrestrial network(SWIM)

5 SWIM Infrastructure

CPDLC

CPDLC

ATN/IPS

ATN/IPS

ATN/IPS

PHY

MAC MAC

MAC

PHY PHY

Pilot HMI

CMU

ControllerHMI

FDP

SpaceSegment

ATC

Cen

tre

AES

NM

C/N

CCGES

ATC

Ser

vice

Satcom

syste

m

signa

lling

Boundaries ofthe Iris System

Boundaries of Communication System Design

6

Phoenix

Design Option 1

...0110101001010.

.

ICOS

...0110101001010.

.

Specificationsfor Ph. B ITT

SimulationsUpdatedSRD

ATM TrafficModel

Design Option 2AssessmentMethodology

PerformanceAssessment

Iris Expert Group

• Requirements

Iris Expert Group

• Assess options

• Align with SESAR

Respective merits of options proposed by ICOS and Phoenix areassessed against the same performance criteria, in an impartial mannerto define a baseline for Phase B. The most promising techniques will bereferenced in the technical annex of Phase B ITT.

Communication System DesignPhase A process

7

Communication System DesignPerformance assessment

Evaluation criteria:– Solution free of Intellectual Property Rights– Spectrum required– System scalability and flexibility– Interface with terrestrial network and aircraft on-board systems– Support ATS and AOC service performances as defined in COCR– Link performance

8

Communication parameters dimensioningfor the satellite design

The size of the antenna for the return link is driven

by the user terminal peak ratei.e whatever the volume of

data, the size will be the same

The payload (mass+power) is driven by the capacity

on the forward link (i.e. the number of carriers,

linked to the number of a/c)

9

SESAR service area (European controlledairspace ECAC + surrounding oceanic area)NB: Airport surface not applicable

System in full operation post 2020

Assumes all IFR aircraft equipped

Possible extensions of coverage:- Visible Earth from GEO orbit

- Northern latitudes areas byagreement with other countriesoperating ATM Satcom services onHEO satellite systems

Analysis and definition of the satellite systemService coverage options

10

Antenna patterns of Phase A studies propose either 3 or 6 spotbeams forECAC.This design is based on initial assumption, a refinement is on going followinginput from both Communication studies and further capacity assessments

Analysis and definition of the satellite systemECAC coverage options

11

The Iris solution: system architecture(when fully deployed)

12

Iris Subset:Minimum infrastructure required for validation

Pre-operational phase

for CertificationOperational System (2020)System validated (2015)

Subset SpaceSegment

Subset GroundSegment (2 GES,NMC, NCC)

Test flights Deployment

2015-2020+

13

Service Provision: some open issues

• Centralised or distributed Ground Segment? (i.e. multiple Ground Earth Stationsmight be required to avoid monopolistic service provision models)• How will AOC service provision differ from ATS?• Deployment of SESAR full operational system will be financed by a mix of publicbudgets, private investments and cost recovery from end user via route charges.Who will be the owner of the infrastructure? What is the financing model?

The service model influences technical choices: the system architecture shallbe refined after consolidation of the business case

Role of SESAR JU, as system architect to define the system architecture anddeployment process

Public Budgets Private Investors End Users European Commission budgets

Eurocontrol

European Space Agency

Aerospace companies

Satellite Operators

Lenders (banking sector)

Communication Service Providers

Airlines

ANSPs

14

Some technical issues are given attention during Phase 1:

How could the service also rely on 3rd party HEO, GEO or LEOinfrastructure?

Service operator in high-latitude regions to define capacityrequired, and HEO or LEO system designer/operator to defineimpact on aircraft avionics, channel model, and systemsinterconnectionService operator of GEO (Inmarsat) to define impact on its system

Dependability issues (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability andSafety) to prepare the safety case

Study with NATS (UK) to interpret target figures into satellite systemdesign criteria and prepare the safety case

Complementary system activities

15

Coordination of a common position regarding AMS(R)S spectrumamong European and National Frequency Management offices Support activities to seek a European consensus and establishextra-European alliances within ITU

Iris Phase 1Complementary regulatory activities

ESA participates in ICAO WorkingGroup F and ITU Working Party 4Cactivities, to prepare WRC11agenda item on AMS(R)S withestimates of spectrum requirements

Status: methodology to estimatespectrum requirements based onESA inputs to be proposed to ITUWP4C as ICAO WG-F input

Aviationcommunication

needs

Satellitesystem

parameters

Methodology toderive AMS(R)S

spectrumrequirements forWRC-11 A.I. 1.7

Total bandwidthrequirements for

AI 1.7

16

ICOS + Phoenix studies andtheir evaluation Completion end October 2008 Consolidation of trade-off

AVISAT, Samara, andcomplementary system studies Completion end 2008

Results will be available viawww.telecom.esa.int/iris

Iris Phase 1Technical results

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Phase 2 activities

18

2009 2020

SESAR DEVELOPMENT PHASESESAR DEPLOYMENT PHASE

2011

DESIGN CANDIDATESYSTEM

CHECKPOINT:-Choose Subset- Select Operator

DEVELOP & DEPLOYSUBSET

mid-2014

SYSTEM VERIFICATION

Subset Payload

ca. 2018

RedundantPayload

CERTIFICATION & FULL DEPLOYMENT

mid-2015

SYSTEMVALIDATION

ESA ASSETSTRANSFER

IRIS PHASE 2: DEVELOPMENT

The Iris solution: deployment sequence

19

Tasks in the System WP:• Capture and consolidate requirements• Define the overall system architecture and the “subset” required for

validation• Coordination with entities external to the Iris programme• Support of regulatory activities for access to RF spectrum• Cost/benefit analysis and business case• Define verification procedures, coordinate validation and system

certification• Prepare transition to the pre-operational phase

Iris Phase 2 - WP1 System

Consolidaterequirements& selectsubcontractors

Syst

em v

alid

ated

Phase C Phase D Phase E1Validation

Iris Phase 2.2

PDR CDR Launch

Iris Phase 2.1

iris “subset”(Min. infrastructure

required forvalidation)

Phase B

mid-2009 end 2010 end 2012 mid 2014 mid 2015

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Iris Phase 2 - WP2 Communication Standard

2 Documents are required for a new ICAO Standard: Amendment of ICAO SARPs (Systems and Recommended Practices) Development of a new Technical Manual

Tasks in the Communication Standard WP:• Consolidate trade-off from Phase A, coordinate with S-JU & ICAO• Detailed design• Develop verification testbed & initiate standardisation (with S-JU/EC)• Develop demonstration testbed• Develop certification / interoperability testbed

Consolidateoptions trade-off from Phase

A (CCN)

DevelopTechnicalManual &

amend SARPS

Demonstration testbed

Iris Phase 2.2

ICAO Technical manual ready

Iris Phase 2.1Testbedsavailable

(Required forvalidation of comsystem, AES and

GES)

mid-2009 end 2010 end 2011 mid 2014

Detaileddesign

Verificationtestbed

Certification &interoperability testbed

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Tasks in the User Terminal (AES) WP:• Development of a proof of concept• Development of the prototypes (different versions for various types of aircraft)• Support development of the key standardisation documents (MASPS and MOPS)

under the umbrella of EUROCAE or RTCA• AES design until “red label” so that flight tests can be undertaken• Support verification and validation

Iris Phase 2 - WP3 User Terminal

Proof ofconcept Prototype

Product(industrialised)

“Blue Label”avionics

“Red Label”avionics

“Black Label”avionics(industry)

MASPS (Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards)MOPS (Minimum Operational Performance Standards)EUROCAE

Iris Phase 2.2: Design AES mature for flight testsIris Phase 2.1

mid-2009 end 2010 mid 2013 mid 2014 Certification

22

By 2015, the main purpose of the pre-operational space segment (“subset”) isto support the end-to-end validation required for the safety service to allowfor procurement, by the owner and before 2020, of the complete operationalinfrastructure.

Iris Phase 2 - WP4 Space Segment

Tasks in the Space Segment WP:• Capture and consolidate requirements• Definition of the Space Segment architecture• Definition of adaptations possibly required for the Satellite Control Centre

and the Satellite Operation Centre• Space Segment Phase B• Phase C/D of the space segment of the “subset” only• Prepare space segment validation & transition to the pre-operational phase

Consolidaterequirements Phase C Phase D Phase E1

Validation

Iris Phase 2.2

PDR CDR

Launch

Iris Phase 2.1

Phase B

mid-2009 end 2010 mid 2012 mid 2014

AcceptanceReview

end 2013 mid 2015

23

Tasks in the Ground Segment WP:• Capture and consolidate requirements• Definition of the Ground Segment architecture• Detailed design of NCC/NMC and GES; development of emulators• Develop GES, NMC and NCC required for validating the system (ground

segment of the “subset”)• Ground segment end-to-end validation and prepare transition to the pre-

operational phase

Iris Phase 2 - WP5 Ground Segment

Ground segment elements:- Ground Earth Stations- Network Management Centre- Network Control Centre

NCC

GES 1

GES n

To ANSP and airlines

Consolidaterequirements

Design &prototype

Developproducts

Iris Phase 2.2

PDR CDR

Iris Phase 2.1

Specs

mid-2009 end 2010 end 2012 end 2013

Deploysubset

Acceptancereview of

subset

mid 2014

1st GES ready

24

ESA Iris Programme

Franco.Ongaro@esa.intNathalie.Ricard@esa.int

ESA Iris System Design Studies

Domenico.Mignolo@esa.intCatherine.Morlet@esa.int

www.telecom.esa.int/iris

Iris - Contact Points

25

Back-up slides

26

Iris Phase 1 design studies

Satellite CommunicationSystem studies

Analysis & Definition ofSatellite System studies

Avionics PreliminaryDesign

RxTx

CtrlPWR

AntDiplexer

LNA

HPAUp/Dwn Cvtr

MODEMBase-Band Unit

Outside

Inside

Avionic Bay

Com.System

Iris

Phas

e A

stu

dies

1Q08

to

4Q

08 ICOS + Phoenix

SatelliteSystem

Service provision +Business case model

AVISAT + Samara

PreliminaryDesign

Specifications

...0110101001010..

Which types of protocols?

Are COCR performancesachievable?

Link budget?...

What is new/COTS?

Antennas: where?how many?

Target cost?...

PreliminaryDesign

Specifications

Out

com

eex

pect

ed

Which type ofarchitecture?

Dependability?

Target cost?...

Who operates what?

Who procures what?

Financing scheme?...

27

Iris new Satellite Communications Standard

− System specifically designed for aeronautical Air/Ground Satcoms− Quality of Service management− Light terminals: small antenna and reduced High Power Amplifiers− Improved spectrum efficiency− Can be used with any type of satellite (GEO, LEO, HEO)

AMSS

NEW

– Interoperable standard supporting multiple Service Providers– Use protected radio-spectrum in L-band (AMS(R)S band: 1,545-

1,555 MHz and 1,646.5 – 1,656.5 MHz)– Support voice and data

Design optimisation hypothesis:• Meet capacity needs for 2025 (voice + data)• Flexible and scalable architecture without constraint on the number of Ground

Earth Stations• Avionics cost to be kept low (i.e. optimise operation modes and the technology

to limit power consumption and heating)

28

Capacity Requirements

time

Amount of data

From one flight

flight path / phases

cruise

departure

arrival

at airport

begin end

airport departure cruise arrival airport

at airport

time

flight - 1

time

flight - 2

time

flight - i

...

...

time

flight -N

time

Total instantaneous

throughput

00:00 24:00

Calculation of the informationthroughput over a given area duringthe busiest day of the year

X

29

Consolidation of requirements for ATSservices driving the design

• Peak rate of information– FLIPINT (return link only)– COTRAC– D-ALERT (return link only)This is the dimensioning parameter for the satellite antenna Calculated peak rates vary between 42kbps to 64kbps on the

Forward Link and 21kbps to 36kbps on the Return Link. Need to analyse FLIPINT CoS TD95 and continuity requirements

• Volume of information– WXGRAPH for the forward link if considered as unicast– COTRAC (Forward and return link )– Transport Layer acknowledgments (Forward and return link )This is the dimensioning parameter for the satellite capacity (power) Volume varies between 3.7Mbps to 5Mbps for the forward link, and

between 2.75Mbps to 3.45Mbps for the return link. Need to analyse feasibility of using multicast for WXGRAPH and

ways to reduce Transport layer ACK volume

30

Consolidation of requirementsMultiple access methods

• Initial analytical trade-off performed has shown that a MF-TDM schemeon the forward link and a MF-TDMA scheme on the return links performbetter than either CDM(A) or OFDM(A) technologies.

• As the traffic from each a/c is bursty, random access time slots areused on the return link to request capacity when needed rather thanhaving capacity permanently allocated to each terminal

• Simultaneous requests from different AES may collide and requireretransmission of the request, which impacts the delay until themessage is finally transmitted

⇒ Need to have efficient techniques to limit the probability ofcollisions or to increase the number of slots dedicated to thoseRandom Access requests

⇒ Need to limit the number of retransmissions