Information about anteriors:

Mandibular contacts:

-Central: M = incisal, D = incisal

-Lateral: M = incisal, D = incisal

-Canine: M = incisal, D = mid 1/3

Maxillary contacts:

-Central: M = incisal, D = jxn of incisal + mid

-Lateral: M = jxn, D = middle

-Canine: M = jxn, D = middle

Facio-lingual contacts:

-ALWAYS IN THE MIDDLE THIRD OF CROWN

Facial embrasures:

-Facial < Lingual

-Exception: max. 1st molar and mand. centrals F = L

Mamelons:

-Every tooth is made from 4 cusps except mand/max 1st molars and mand 2nd premolar

-Mamelons are seen on permanent incisors and they represent 3 cusps

-Attrition will wear away at the mamelons

-If seen on older patients = probably malocclusion

Cingulum:

-4th cusp of the incisors. Where the distal and mesial marginal ridges join

-CENTERED CINGULUM: Max lateral/canine and Mand central

-DISTAL CINGULUM: Max central and Mand lateral/canine

All anterior teeth have height of contours in the cervical third

Eruption sequence:

-Centrals: 6~7 mand, 7~8 max

-Laterals: 7~8 mand, 8~9 max

-Canines: 9~10 mand, 11~12 max

-Premolars: 10~12

Basic background:

-Starts calcifying before age 1 until 8 = This is why fluorosis happens

-Permanent teeth roots: done 2.5 years after eruption

-Primary teeth roots: done 1.5 years after eruption

Incisal embrasures (largest to smallest):

-Max canine/lateral

-Mand canine/lateral

-Max lateral/central

-Max central/central

-Mand lateral/central

-Mand central/central

Crown (largest to smaller):

-Mandibular canine

-Maxillary central

-Maxillary canine

Deformities (most likely to less likely):

-Third molars

-Maxillary lateral

-Mandibular second premolar

-It is the widest anterior tooth-Only tooth with pulp that's wider M-D than F-L-Second tallest crown-Varying forms (square, ovoid, taper)-

Cut it at the CEJ

Only tooth that has a

triangular cross

section at the CEJ!

Cingulum has a distal shift

Mesial marginal

ridge is LONGER

Cingulum has a distal shift

Mesial edge is straight, often continuous w. root

Very straight root with a blunt end

About 90 degIncisal third = flat

Middle third = flat

Gingival third

= convex

Large

Greatest CEJ curvature(concave)

"Spade" like

appearance

Random facts:-Best developed lingually-Most likely to have dens evaginatus-Crown is MUCH smaller than max centrals-Can vary greatly (like 3rd molars)

-Distal incisal angle is ROUND

-This SLOPES the tooth cervically

-Which means distal marginal

ridge would be shorter

-Mesial is more square as usual

Distal marginal

ridge is shorter

As mentioned

above, lingual

anatomy is very

pronounced in

max laterals

Cingulum is centered-Less prominent

This groove on

the distal side

makes it hard

to do scalings

in this area

Root is thinner (M-D & F-L) than centrals but LONGER

If roots are tapered, they are usually always distally except for canines which can have mesial or distal

Tooth is much rounder than central

Curved

Curved

Curved

Root is longer and

narrower than

central incisor

Lingual pit may be seen (unlike centrals)

Crown is more "triangular"

rather than central's "spade"

because the MMR is so

prominent

Very small CEJ curve

In distal view, MMR and DMR seen because DMR < MMR

Random facts about canines in general-No mamelons-Long crowns, long roots-There are TWO lingual fossae-Wider F-L than M-D-"Cornerstone tooth" due to strength-Loss of canines = flattening/sinking of face and corners of mouth-Alveolar bone is thin -> prone to fracture

Random facts about max. canine-Longest tooth, longest root-Third longest crown-Best developed cingulum-Most stable tooth in the mouth

Pulp is really wide

Best developed

cingulum

MMR and DMR are about the same

Incisal edge is

slightly facial to the

long axis

Mesial cusp

ridge = shorter

Note: mesial cusp ridge is always shorter than distal, except for primary max. canines and max. 1st premolars

Might have a lingual pit

Prominent cusp tip

Disto-incisal angle is more cervical than mesial

Distal border of

CROWN is S

shaped and

extends past

the root's profile

Prominent labial ridge Slightly mesial

Narrower on lingual side

Lingually, there are 3 ridges-Mesial marginal-Distal marginal-Lingual

Between these 3 ridges, there are 2 fossas:-Distolingual-Mesiolingual

Overall, CEJ is flatter than incisors. On the canines, distal CEJ is flatter (as usual)

Huge cervical bulk

Cusp tip is at center of tooth

Distal side is wider and more roundedMesial side has flatter faces

Facial ridge is slightly mesial

Distal or straight apex

Much more curved than mandibular

Random facts:-Smallest tooth-Narrowest M-D-Most symmetric-First perm. teeth (succedaneous) to come in-Smallest embrasures

The only tooth that has M-D inciso-gingival contact points at the same level

Both angles basically 90deg,

but distal is SLIGHTLY

bigger and rounded

If roots are tapered, they

are usually always

distally except for

canines which can have

mesial or distal

Incisal edge is

slightly lingual

to long axis

Centered cingulum

40% chance!!!!!!!

If the tooth does have 2 root canals, then it will be facio/lingually, not M-D

Groove on this side is usually much more pronounced

Lingual anatomy is not very distinct

MESIAL VIEW:

-Incisal edge

appears to be in

middle

DISTAL VIEW:

-Due to rotation of the

tooth on the incisal

edge, incisal edge is

more lingual when

seen distally

-Longest crown

-Second longest tooth

-Second longest root

-Anterior tooth most likely to

have bifurcated root

-ONLY TOOTH W. POSSIBLE

MESIAL INCLINATION

-Similar to maxillary, but with

less defined cusps

But, a

little

duller

Cingulum is prominent

but not as much as

max. canines. Also, it

is distal shifted, which

makes MMR > DMR

Cusp tip is slightly lingual to

the axis, like mand. incisors

Unlike max. canines, there is

no lingual pit above cingulum

Only tooth with

chance of mesial

apex inclination

basically flat

Not as thick as max. caninesFacial height of

contour = more

cervical than max.

canines

Crown and

root forms a

gradual arc

Flatter profile than max. canines

As usual, CEJ is

more convex at

the mesial side,

not so much on

distalGrooves may

be on both

sides of root

-Erupts at age 10~12 after

deciduous molars

-1 buccal cusp, 1 lingual cusp

-1 root or 2 roots

-Slightly shorter than canines

-Lacks accessory grooves

2 = distal pit

1 = mesial

Buccal view: crown appears pentagonal

Mesial cuspal ridge is

longer and straighter

(unlike canines)Cusp tip =

distally shifted

Buccal cusp = sharp, more distal, tall

Lingual cusp = dull, more mesial, short

However, both cusps are still distal to the midline

Developmental groove from mesial marginal ridge may be seen in the lingual view

Mesial contact: buccal middle third

Distal contact: buccal jxn mid/occlusal thirds

Buccal HOC: gingival 1/3

Lingual HOC: middle 1/3

Flattened

CEJ on

mesial

Lingual root = straighter and shorter

Buccal root =

tortuous and longer

Bucco-lingually, pulp appears thinMesio-distally, pulp appears thick

Triangular

ridges

Central

developmental

groove

Mesial and distal triangular fossae

Mesial marginal groove

-Same size as max. first premolar

-Buccal and lingual cusps are SAME height

-Buccal cusp is less pointed and shorter

-Less distinct occlusal groove

-Less curvature of mesial surface under

contact area

-Accessory grooves are present

Rounded cusps

Distal ridge is longer (like canines)

Because distal

is longer, it

shifts the cusp

to the mesial

side. This is

opposite of first

premolars

Much shallower

Much

shallower

1st premolar =

usually 2 roots

2nd premolar =

1 root

No visible mesial

marginal ridge

groove like 1st

premoalr

No mesial marginal ridge

Also shorter

Pits and fossae are closer together

Basically a

large cingulum

Defining feature of the

mandibular first premolar.

Happens because the

triangular ridges of both lingual

and buccal cusp meet up

Buccal cusp

Ling. cusp

This groove

separates MMR

and ling. cusp

Distal = longer, so the cusp tip

shifts mesially. This is opposite to

max. 1st premolar cusp tip

Triangular ridge

Tapers toward lingual

For occlusion w. maxillary

MMR is

heavily

slanted

because it

doesnt

connect to

the lingual

cusp tip.

There is a

mesiolingual

groove in

the way

Buccal HOC = gingival thirdLingual HOC = middle third

Flat CEJ

DMR is much less angled than MMR because of no groove. However, not parallel to transverse ridge

But no concavities are

visible on crown

Not on crown

Lots of tapering on the lingual side on gingival crown

Thicker

than

mand.

1st PM

Same story as maxillary 1/2 PM's

Does not

"taper"

sharply like

the first PM

Usually 3 cusps

(largest to smallest)

-Buccal

-Mesiolingual

-Distolingual

Distolingual groove separates mesiolingual and distolingual cusps

DMR and MMR are

same, but distal

may be slightly

lower (because DL

cusp is small)

Sometimes not very prominent

Mesiofacial root

usually has 2

canals - total 4

root canals

-Largest molar-Rhomboid appearance seen occlusally-5 cusps (except cusp of Carabelli is non functional)-MAXILLARY MOLARS: wider facio-lingually-MANDIBULAR MOLARS: wider mesio-distally

Cusp size:

Mesiolingual (I) > Mesiofacial (II) >

Distofacial (III) > Distolingual (IV) >

Carabelli (V)

Buccal developmental groove

Facial

groove

Facial groove

separates the 2

facial cusps (II + III)

Can be seen even in facial

view! Due to V shaped

indent between facial cusps

Wide cuspShorter cusp`

Mesiolingual groove-Separates cusp I from V

Oblique ridge

separates mesial and

distal parts of tooth.

Highest point of tooth

Distolingual

developmental

groove

Lingual developmental groove

Distal fossa

Mesial fossa

Central fossa

Distal linear fossa

Mesial contact = jxn of occlusal and mid on buccal sideDistal contact = middle third on buccal side

Lingual root

occupies

the whole

lingual

crown

Buccal HOC = gingival thirdLingual HOC = middle third

Mesiolingual

root

Lingual root

DMR < MMR, so both are visible in distal view

AND THIRD

-Reduction in crown size

-Also rhomboidal

-Distobuccal cusp less prominent

-Roots become parallel (2nd molar)

and even possibly fused (3rd molar),

unlike first molar where the roots

were hugely spread out

-Point of root trifurcation moves

apically

-All contact areas = middle third on

buccal

-Buccal HOC gradually goes down:

jxn of gingiva/middle (2nd) and

gingical third (3rd)

-Loss of cusp of carabelli

FIRST MOLAR = RHOMBOIDSECOND MOLAR = SQUARETHIRD MOLAR = HEART

But same linguo-facially

Mesiolingual

cusp much

less prominent

Lingual root much less

prominent and smaller

-Roots fit in the crown boundary

-MMR and DMR are much less prominent

-D-B cusp and D-L cusp are less prominent,

which allows us to see most of the occlusal

surface in the distal view

Distal cusps are lower than mesial cusps

Distolingual cusp

less prominent,

usually absent in

3rd molar

Second and third have more

accessory grooves, giving it a

wrinkled appearanceOblique ridge

progresses distally as

we go distal in the mouth

-"Anchor tooth"-Greatet mesiodistal dimension of all dentition-Mandibular molars are wider M-D-Mandibular molars have no oblique ridge

Cusp size (L to S):

Mesiobuccal > Mesiolingual = Distolingual > Distobuccal > Distal cusp

Central devel. groove

Disto

buccal

groove

Mesio

buccal

groove

Lingual groove

Distobuccal groove starts

just behind the central pit

of the central

developmental groove

Central pit

Distal fossaMesial fossa

All of the developmental

grooves pass the occlusal

table and continue down the

side of the tooth

Central fossa = where

all 5 cusps meet. May

contain the central pit

Mesial and lingual PITS are within their respective FOSSAE

Bucco-cervical ridge-Gives the tooth the height of contour in cervical third

The 2 lingual cusps

are same height and

much taller than

buccal cusps (due to

relationship with

maxilla)

Facial is wider (3 cusps)Lingual has a "constricted" appearance

MMR with the MMR devl. groove going through it

Buccal HOC = cervival 1/3 due to buccocervical ridgeLingual HOC = middle third

Contact is centered, @ jxn of middle and occlusal thirds

Bulky bucco-cervical ridge makes crown appear to flex lingually

Huge mesial root with concavity

All 3 distal cusps can be seen

DMR can also have a marginal ridge devel. groove, like mesial

Smaller root and crown (because BC ridge ends here). Also has concavity like mesial root

Root bifurcation in the cervical third

-No distal cusp-Crown reduces in size-Medio-distal width reduction-Smaller cusps-2nd molar: roots are parallel and slanted-3rd molar: likely fused and distally flexed-Root bifurcates more apically as you go back-Contacts: centrally in middle thirds-Buccal HOC: gingical third-Lingual HOC: middle third-Bucco-cervical ridge flattens

No distal cusp = less convergence towards the lingual

Distal surface is just as wide as

mesial surface, so we see less

in the distal view

Mesial root sharper than 1st molar

Distal cusps are more separated than

mesial cusps

Third molar can have 4~5 cusps, could be

bigger or smaller than 1st molar, and has

heavy supplemental anatomyAND THIRD