FACILITATING LEARNING

Module 4

Erikson's Psycho-Social Theory of Development

• Erikson’s ‘psychosocial’ term is derived from the two source words – namely psychological or the root, ‘psycho’ relating to the mind, brain, personality etc. and ‘social’ or external relationships and environment, both at the heart of Erikson’s theory.

• Each stage involves a psychosocial crisis of two opposing emotional forces. A useful term is used by Erikson for these opposing forces is ‘contrary disposition’. Each crisis stage relates to a corresponding life stage and its inherent challenges.

•Erikson used the word ‘syntonic’ for the first-listed ‘positive’ dispositions in each crisis and ‘dystonic’ for the second-listed dispositions. Erikson connected them with the word ‘versus’.

•If a stage is manage well, we carry away a certain virtue or psychosocial strength which will help us true the rest of the stages of our lives. Successfully passing through each crisis involve ‘achieving’ a ratio or balance between the two opposing dispositions that represent each crisis.

•On the other hand, if we don’t do so well, we may develop maladaptations and malignancies, as well as endanger all our future development. A malignancy is the worse of the two, and involves too little of the positive and too much of the negative aspect of the task. A maladaptation is not quite as bad and involves too much of the positive and too little of the negative.

The 8 Psychosocial Stages of Development

STAGE 1STAGE I

INFANCY

Psychosocial Crisis

TRUST vs. MISTRUST

VIRTUE

HOPE

MALIGNANCY

Withdrawal

MALADAPTATION

Sensory maladjustment

Too much TRUST

Too much MISTRUST

STAGE II

EARLY CHILDHOOD

Psychosocial Crisis

AUTONOMY vs. SHAME and DOUBT

VIRTUE

DETERMINATION

MALIGNANCY

Compulsiveness

MALADAPTATION

Impulsiveness

STAGE

2

Too much AUTONOMY

Too much SHAME

STAGE III

EARLY CHILDHOOD

Psychosocial Crisis

INITIATIVE vs. GUILT

VIRTUE

COURAGE

MALIGNANCY

Inhibition

MALADAPTATION

Ruthlessness

STAGE 3

Too much INITIATIVE

Too much GUILT

STAGE IV

SCHOOL-AGE STAGE

Psychosocial Crisis

INDUSTRY vs. INFERIORITY

VIRTUE

COMPETENCY

MALIGNANCY

Inertia

MALADAPTATION

Virtuosity

STAGE 4

Too much INDUSTRY

Too much INFERIORITY

STAGE V

ADOLESCENCE

Psychosocial Crisis

EGO IDENTITY vs. ROLE CONFUSION

VIRTUE

FIDELITY

MALIGNANCY

Repudiation

MALADAPTATION

Fanaticism

STAGE 5

Too much EGO IDENTITY

Too much ROLE CONFUSION

STAGE VI

YOUNG ADULTHOOD

Psychosocial Crisis

INTIMACY vs. ISOLATION

VIRTUE

LOVE

MALIGNANCY

Exclusion

MALADAPTATION

Promiscuity

STAGE 6

Too much INTIMACY

Too much ISOLATION

STAGE VII

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

Psychosocial Crisis

GENERATIVITY vs. STAGNATION

VIRTUE

CARE

MALIGNANCY

Rejectivity

MALADAPTATION

Over Extension

STAGE 7

Too much GENERATIVITY

Too much STAGNATION

STAGE VIII

LATE ADULTHOOD

Psychosocial Crisis

INTEGRITY vs. DESPAIR

VIRTUE

WISDOM

MALIGNANCY

Disdain

MALADAPTATION

Presumption

STAGE 8

Too much INTEGRITY

Too much DESPAIR

SUMMARY

Prepared by:

Yves Arboleda Annalyn Tacardon Glynis Madet

Tnx a listening !!