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The auIlmr of this rrpori are (iarolinc E. Lm of th
Stton of thr hiI. tAbor aiuti icuth }nm1enwjit. Ifriw]i f_Division ( U. S. ± __L Jn td Mark M. Iruffitj, tUft: tif the Dhiahm of Scindrw
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of
I
1-1 and
t_npv
fit
it! 4
=
r
a a =Am
-
a a E
=
E
S
E
=
IL
evolvM
44'=-
work.
tainingerwe
7 411f$11.--47mmenli
9
Pt_
TETI
I
SC PROGRAMS
LP4D THE STUDY
ENORMOUS mAnpowe demands during the war yearsresulted in a vast increase in the number of high-szhcKA stu-
dents working fterpay. The r9-e majority theseofworked before and after school hours, on Saturdays, andvacations. Some were registered caoterati ?e Uiwhich their employment was acheduied by the school as part oftheir triAining or arwftcialuali vocAtion, ::.ype of program
under State plans in Accordance with the .nationaltio education acts, commonly known as the Smith-HushftGettrge-Deen , frvri school fo ofeach school in order that ey might report forsometimes as ort or a planned program of the ktuvi and some-times not so planned.
Work oucsice of school hours and cooperative work-study pro-of :1 Chir&C are probably e two mos
niftrast methods by hi4-1) ool students secure' work, e2t-pzritnce. Both tteras of student work well repre,unta inaluutio "-aics 4es-Gentir literature in th fieldsis ¡Via: illustrations. Therefore, in this survey the U
(I)! Education the Chilitret Bureau have theirtt-aftion uym
otry education,usual school by order .iortsu.,1t io
th:rit *-=-404,_A-, a mew, vetur in ay.-r school for Lart of the
4-F
ntL 0 P close coordinationA t
be_wftn work i cooperative p ---1-71:1C1-6 ; 6 itsiy because 'f students generally are no=i entp;oy on jobswhich 1 L ,,.:--.- careers. 1'. 1 f Doitr.
1
P on the hand, does not th h.n characteristicsou Age--4f-tozibrAll--;Dourti ...4-4-ploy-mgnt unc
program goes on nv[71,::- less ,,L: b the stuvaunt. A f___I-a.ill--w o k involving lawi time _:s, pri-marilywork,
pt y school t. t irnt -ho A tD
schedule fit tot-11w in' a workable
waAtt. eirev 7 itt
of
,L. 163. si.ent and whim"!
ease was largelyWAS*
Or,1P, A kaI 7
e-L-14=0 -=e
o
il
I.
1,
rr11--11:
in,
a the
andActs. Others
day
grams vocationalsi--7-
andreplete S.
Office andthe
namely, releasein facilitate pai.
The release is
tohave
or
an theand as as po&sible to mke -his
In r_mtny schools the plan thepurpose in for at least part of the time, stn-who withdrawn altogether to go tofelt impelleA by
to such a plan others anbraced the
1
'4
_ araVg,Aarid...4Wf
V
the 'leasin lessons an
OF
ifopportunityea v.- ___.-:---1_5=e-from-schwl
o bring kyo k, xpenenetplan pro-
p tx,===z u r whi.t_AL The urze 4-
but tiler* ts =
.e a
AJAR"
VE-a a
I A-W.II I ryiLL cLtA ,
_ _
AA__ 4.
t V1 V
I k.
11in-.7nnt_
1
_
U 0 T
-! A
n=
featun!-1=
and
v.)
A-
I
for findingdual in t rtvti
f a"
*-3
It is
release
E A/! IV g
other
g
p
g
and --n_ of vaiu
in st-Tondaivnoui
el-np
I nA la
and
-nts of sthmlra V*
Fa
8-Ann.
aAt
of
wiTheV .= twn
educators feele wa
in which ston into tin
ta-ld
work CX.
.01.1 ici rI0
can
tgaiA a L _
kb
VI41,
disadvantages in sc=.
A egS. s8 A=-= A -A.s. -As
_s-Ag _UM_ 1
_ems_-t
OFT
At-=
E - =--,
bou and sam
achool-arid-work 'proems
or leo e "
01 0-7 7.11 t
- -.23-
1
Iii
V w_a infcwmed
e were _ s.= a to Atikr-Pli
thn T
M
o
7
g k namesA
e arivnalo
110 o
in "' StatesAnalysis o_
a
55
Can.erA
extent durin
t,
s
theler c'
ions or proyone or mor
desired to work
=4
4-
=
letters
e
WT=.
ccinuntiniti
inquiryAt
of 1Cand LnWil,q
E ealed
for pp-It-
that A-aag
F
wert receivedor more ---rpu
1-7.7-
tffe
L
or more rAlIt
1 j 4
atdustinenta& for certain
communor u_en, exce
tive p underv seta, with which udy
a
Li
=_-= _in, 4*
unities, a
*
percent.or lesser
regular schxuaLv with releasec1ìcjl runiI "Ai
hadmade no prinnmonconnection with wows-
o motionale c"er
utionere ria
Iç];1,- °KT z
plan as sizinto of you plL The
togetheriqu and
-=.oa of havethe rmir4 ways
uperf,-,14 aridfore complete severance
is the in to canvass thg inthe to the Kilo-1J l's
tile corttrol of school ordert45 the
those eft, cooper-
p ..ttzlieved thef-1ti:isAils
'for employer,, labor, anti c9mmunity grou tossica.-7-1-,M7
IL I 0 routh t.
n. NATURE DY
AWE of on the subject of. schools eprIg of 1945
in each the -'3-2 cities of the T_'nit4-riten having of 144,;::-I) t the
superintendentsthe mail inquiry at the
S`-ler cities, 1TL a3m rural co:J:641mm fl eir
t dever°_:_of significant rkof of 20Z
tz A!, d -Xittil mailing ofin 40 develo
rReplies th 470:1)
in citiesof 1 1
I'.
of i of 100,41:-.00 (17of the th to riter
war years either
:11*-Lii1
!-t
%6
WV _;.13
t-
r)
11
developed certainmany
needs dis4peared,
be-
mike both andarrangements
that p +e certain
AND EXTENTfe
sea to
1940 census.
had" program&a
to list'of a Ile 294wu
to schooland
a
13848 the
that replied totheir.
class; for
ears work time inthe
this is not &Wing. 6
.(11.1 cLuse info lass cion.er of inquiry apjx=
n addition to the m-by represencat on ...a
of14.
.ng to the let¡x-)ge of obtain
broad a reDvarying
in th s wore int
a
Ea.s Ora-tvnv
ssas incomplete.P"page
tO 12 cities,
throughoutu
___--L'm At -Tod
( A copy o
intensive studyeau ant
kctin ofof a limited
ssible (IT
the countr.of
the OfIllien were
esnu
ei-vn
he
-=== madeof Edu-
Ivr of vis-lits of pr.
The 19 cities includedhe survey wen? r.ngt-4)
ewark, N. J.; Toledo, Ohio; .ndiKnoxville, Tenn.;
tab ; and Sanaystern thetO,.; numtver o. sdm
work data for this reporttributeu by
AlabamaArtisans
5-a$
States
fa.4o
--
were obtaine(as follows:
WHO 61.0 -NM 111.*
Ill .111.4.
5KentuckyLouisiana
3 M"me--sachusetts
3 ch4-7-an
nnes-mta
rie; A )shire
Connecticut 3
Pdgware71V,F
Iowa
The popularity o
4411,11.01 ...-..---IMINBAILA
.411.11....a. 8410VWM-...-IMWO-
111.--,-- -
New Jerr-e3 New York6 North Dakota
Ohio
1.11 OlIPMeelle
s =0.11=.--
Iry
ol......11w== *dew
9 nNm_s
frentura,which school-and-
They were dis
Conn.;5._.,pko1is1
Cit
Oklahomag. 1
Rhode3
4
. ---- Nees-
IslandSouth Dakota
7 Te_.
Utah'Vermont
8
6
===,-
44111rOilliF
gtonWest VirgiflifiWi&.-7onsin
1-and-work programs in C. liforni
+1011.114
4
2
641s
3
wa,,s
quite apparent from the returns from cities in that State. Jnteresalso appeared quita widespread in New York, Michigan, New
Jena?v Rhode island, Tennessee, Indiana, Ohio, and Washington.-data obtained by letter were on the whole quite complete,
but ivecum the amount of detailed information on specific aspe-t-ts
of sclicKA-and-work prtygrams varied greatly, is not pwible tomake statements or a statistical nature in regar_ to participation,
ures Tk plAcementschool credit, andciy in theto many of thetional comme71,_least for showfn
A elamifica_or not they had supervised
on the basis o.
5 iTr-
ion on the job and_ atof such work programs for everyre were enough quate ans
nmde by school a_min
fa
AV
and trends.nunitie acu)_
to use them at
g to whethpr.mpkwia-And-work programs
8
e
L-AND-W 1)- RIC
on 58.)inquiry a more
the Children's9 of nong thtt_t:
The .71-taie with theby as
of
andand
Mo. ; Salt Lake City, Diego Calif, The'cin
was 136.
CaliforniColorado
Miesiuippi111111Www~m~~Zaaws* Missouri
1 4.040014111
labia la
rr''...0111
10.ssamon.l...Owit
1
...
4.
2
3
6 Texas2 1
1
1
7
ad
I
11
it
sch&T,'
r-zudy. However,a on 61.3estfill,,--a; and enott:it uÌ
s:in
7
If
11
wu
lad.;
Iwaseelms.10
1
Geohria..........
nunots
i
S
.......................
2
questions
practicesof the 186
wuslide data obtained through this study. Programs
SC F grtI IPPP P rfi_aa=p 4 aea.E iP=2-a" W V %-e
unplanned.which grewv r ka
pof `14-u-yrvislon
._ a
wouldprogram or
this
rev"-,g=1 kJ' V
e of thenitnenirri the
la
V a a.r
c-4 to it had Lite situation'A A2 2 .
picture oTSr.
c-=-L
aA a1.
a a_
city g**a r"2 E
¡RfkVÂMSg
V
(1-
usually hadE 0.° ag..p
under satisfactory
le-
_
contiol.spotty supervision fin,
cerned. However, these
P 2, a evA ywviAL L#1?,;,3 TY 1
planned approachth. report is con-
Cc
tivo su
whichere Communities where the
ally did something about a difficult situation and itthat they attempted, best they could, to gear to
isschools
of a nation at war anu at the same_
time keep educationalfrom floundering.
r..16- NCha
worK
Iii. PLikrn5
e pu
=
programs v.aw
as follows:theo meet
v of s
schoola-%
wartime
and
SCHOOL _aND-VfORK PROGRAMS
a
X E
varied.
labor gut/astated reason Aor maintainingunool for work was the
n :ill for labor.ove elming griretonjchb.nnoewoüiQctenfla a 6,4
us&ids of pupils
nwar em
kind
8 in a e
TheLins-.6 1p
be,a
. Orr4-1 1w, with its
1 =principals everywhere
leftthe KUM of
ne-tr
proportionst =' wo,.2 moremany -0 a " lessW A
Methschedule cot.me*ant, that they
a. -e done- a---rve to kee-.
V
? 1I o L_
9otvg_-4
_ a
M. gC-03
credit- j_!
ae inns
M MEg
most,--commonlyof wt A-, fromtcLI
V%Yffl ced withtime on mr a
wep
AI V le
rio
2
Ltse72'wrote.%
"a EgliA.ff.E.a. EI2 0
deemed the, sensibleseveral citieshigh-school bs-
2. To fwrthh----Concurrenilythe idea thatsome excellentions, and
Li) glOgIt I r-=
MM NG' Cab
came1 -tLFC-br-
trel_ - .
t4. a
urtxuLliTr@ c in,P -tot se. =-=
theA 0
r jobs,
y
E program.AP
itt.
classroomschool,..;,
w v '%-_11
,.=--gencv atV..ELE406Wffff K
V -22 arrangements forwas .varr, oi a 43r-tad back-to-school drive.exploratory experiencein
_ ?-?WAS T .1r" 1
life.F.
an worrrV1 Ua _
rPlionn for
frEE
occupationalminas of many school administratorstail* work of the students
opportunities for explomionnot -z-=. E lines that would
A
ibata4"
13.0 Effvv-f=K ==- -4_
-'4;RPN
,xperiences in prepa-
2.I122=
4 E ET
é-
0110 rt_ DrUFROnw._
eltr'r-unn
.gPM
0 1 IV.
0AM-ELI P-0
Tr? fiWY
a_
0
are,0 e car-t.
01 liC-746*
w&L
a school-ftEk. .191111-a I r
f
!=
; ...
be.
antementsin many
that it d
Indeed, orwas probably more common t. avisiQn among the 136
to theiras the
standarde
OF
of
tr-id up. .
1.'
of wirogran,
for their beschool altogether ; like any epidemicstarted, work the schools from oneworker t* second of thein such e o
Ft or iqttei rt of thehad it. If
use itaccept certain it
thing do, the least. Indevelopment of
the tstethis
ix the fieldeven if o vs
certain soca
its
for 1.,E,:_ttfor (it
tin ih *Ai
s- .
itselfa
actil-
inwas
purposeond even Thefoith horlito*.
,t .
* 1.;
r"'"
,'
,r;r
4t7r
,"
g
£ i1 # A,t4wuLr',tr4u v; tiipt
s\ 7'O- ¡eep 8twLetLta in 8C/UW-i---Pit the same time it wu rec-gnized that for many pupils the chance tc earn money while still
attending school not only meant that they could continue theireducatión but added t their sense of welibeing because they could
have clothes as good as those of the other students tnd be eJf4.
suf:icient in othei flFJt1fJJIrL '
L #T help ___iL4 4frFL Lvt4i11e4 , i -'w ftU A JL infrequently
_1 Ç
' - -. i i
unadjusted?r prc:t;iGlec= VITIOI&SOIflO efliOt1Ofla OUtlet tcrcertui-
flfli13 instaziees were cited in ;Vf:19 DCS 01 btti scholarshipïid muc} ip]CVed personalities when unstable or dissatisfied ix:'s
and girls were allowed to take on as part of their sthool-supervlsed
rogran= some job carefully se1ectd by the school counselor.
5. heipTo wÈK control ffjãF e s '
fttJt4, .LLisrç=-
'JLÄ largecity the * A
iI!L%4ÄtLL expressly .
stated -- L I -__- JLLL4t IJLU
iYrTY1c were -t_ _ff__ + theregulate - hours:, V =-J
after i =- r-_L=g
-.--
'fr
. e -
r- - --= i ___ --=- ___ L L. war with det-1L&U L'rebZLHL. UUrjJj UL
rinht:r1tL:ü effect on the health and on the sc1olastic standing of
TUPÌJ=L
t,v('t _r,4)i rfb.L,L.L:
'9
In a ?2VÂ.d Y places inadequate school
.
made=
eio'i especially 4jìLL toJ , j where iJUiJLLD went LttiUA UI
am recoursetime release ir wm-ic wr cuite a natu-rat d;eekmniexit imier suchcircumstances.
b
rp-r'm the c#indJnf of
:j 1niews With student v1'orkei in the schools visited and re
ports of school officials, both vertaJ and written, indicated: that thereasons- for students aricxatin in
a -=
largely paralleled the reasons that school forgavedfveloDin the Itejeed the motivation of ßflQfltR fl3j
ally was a combination of factrrs ttat, briefly', as follows :
L To render aPate s,rvice --In response to the need àf ourGovernment and of many industries for workers to man produc-tion lines mui necessary civilian services during the war crisis,
many youthE!-th boys *irrI g&-4T&flgd in c-rM:pi=ratjon witht
adthn to the rHnpower of the Nation 1Ány c4 Luis
to ietschool
J TT TWa '_Jy_
.
5__1
'ir '
iL iLÉ- - -= A
a'
%. . I --
-
---
_..
_
t;
-7== ;
--.-
)1manY 25 4!
a
u
ttempt of work
faciliti a
'shifts certain .1Lours were overlapping. The to
v-
Me aNdenPo
twang.
!al r-work programs'administrators
were
work am .N1 Ofschools tft of
fliotivat this triot1PAr. .up wereA?
r .
e-
I A ,( 1.1 C !ri
A.
7,
a
e-
SI
mania fr
r: '1°4
I .
Im
-
E1.M
,
part--
give part the school day to a
by purpose---it was "thethe time; they expected to return to their UMW:*when
,
1111
1iiII
IIIIIM
INIIN
IMM
IIMIII
IIIiii
llini
num
.11.
1111
MM
IIIM
IIM
ft
L.7-vrx PROGRAMS
2. To e-arn zaany young Litoys ..nd girls whose chancesfor becoming economically independent lagged far eilind theirphysical and social maturity were attracted into employment inorder that they might have money for sattsf ctions that couldotherwise not have been realized. Others wanted workmight continue in school ;
in this period of exceptionalmore than one sciialterna ives oi sc._the young
,that 41...191.- ev
some were even saving tor college. vprosperity, instances were cited
faced with t.principal of un'is who were
4 a al'"tr'vVV s "Int.of younger _ --rz11:11ar-=a=- I k.-3
ft9
I g was caringhome and ,small
forEa A6:A.7
wereno school
IVia'one -a-ta!irui
a
1 fa cu andwages.
3. To substitute employment for sday.Ma_ youth had a burning
ez% in eaaCt- act,'
rouh a fulitirthose wrh,
rt_n_q
forand
work ra-_,
4.nity or employment(""""5-
schoolto
who learned
than inthe .mn
IANE
Variety
work
-
a_
ntributing to thgirl,
rai of-a 4.-2 9- irta A
_
n 1eha a g
r -1 v.
to
beforea
ntei ftac==f,-6
fta &...a a. a
orschool work
-=7*-4agaga aftft
Or IC -I-Km-ten --ye- . saAiaa a.
-A
0 V
Le if r
gPv
Tow
man's work
=%r8.
cif Eaa a 4...t= a A. afta
andnot a
saLisfied--x4,1 a llyr
V7 -7E gaa r.1 r=a
"&eg.n-
11!
con=_=
"..Ea ft.ogav
in
basis w"441L.4 gtiC.2
time2 a -
character&
tat
,g2.4
would, ifa;ffaa#
L_ ARRANGEMENTS FOR RMEARNG
The variety z grams --rum _n
V g V
as_14.
AP.
opportu-
g-g. aV. %-ff
e I,T.a.`
y
and chooi systems sup-lying reports usable in tills
a .1
- E
vae
sAi_-4.0us
the 124 schoolsindicatesnu'
the wide range of resourcefulness tirhich educators halls ape,.gproAx e-z-d the problems of students who are rel irOM ettiCA
-t time to 03 to work. Types of arrangements, m ishereworked
principallyUE--ed refer to e ways in whidividing the student's +!Luneschedules for
job.classroom nd the Varietyof suN., a 0.1"9-gy a win
w .Faa er student'sf
argaa.a AaggE WAgEV
6VW-UR-1=3
Auuperative programs WI ME f
At the ou woH ougntgt,#wraave wok-ran-is
.-taff'VV
=0.M the smdm
a, a
a
a7
1-1m 6
bulletinlar in .
I u WORK
by
and works or at Seve
sisters bereft ofhousework in return t
during rt ofdesire a
to tilt couldprogram. was
expected to go on or ofschool, Those better by
for those whose were manipulativeabstract and
To pave for a full-time jobbn a part-time
panied by so expressed..-, from to par_
kept on in full-time and vacsseeking a full-time job.
t_ 00[1]
u FOR
of programs
in the
wi
theout
in tp:t
the
titg r) NIS /
it1
21
0)
4,4
be
experi-
later.
a
schools
programsdiscussed
a be airut coivu made clear
IMII
IIIi
;;111
1111
,' L
l ;Il
l;la
ilbui
nti.,
timul
iNH
Illi
terms te%) V Voi VU
would avoid duplication by ud ng analysisAmoT _ the school sys-cooperative programs.
the v w.;_v at appears,an 7.--t-vAtr- however,dozen had programs in which employment on a
-
RE0
Sine*
t more than aused for
uumose of brinoing specific and conereLe learning expriencei. nal lip theintq lives OT the rticipating students.
a v1=
Li.,wv were not A unuer the vocational education actsiey have their -1.vst- illustrations in corn=
nnPrF6..ev are mentioned here.
e in secretarial and office practice classesand in various .:in s of shop coui-ses They were almost always
-..e to seniors infor one semesterwork was achievedUte :mop teacher LONOW 1--
nrschool and fmmently were in omri----1,ti
less. Close correlation betw&-er studyLit4-K n Ly-ff having.
in whool and on th ff
the LW.
A #V N 0.Ile 10 I Ile
LI_L112----1
was_
tr---11.L
reye-, T.
work
8 W-
Crinn_Mx
a11 %if-
W
0 a 1E E gV_ %-
rthe rz
MI 3 Ng I.0 as 0=0 E
0-e-
or
v
I / 1iffk ..
rEer..@V V E.F E-E7
-ff. a _ iet-J ;
_
i . 11 el. ---ir l-z a .,--. -._-,- a ---a--- _..z -4 F a
- ,...___. .=.
---w.-# V-, a .a. ..---A V V 11171---X--
, A i t I c_._ .-- i -_---z-,=_, _w j- .=..,04., ..--.-- ..
=`-'--M-11r_ ------,----.v v-v
g E X. --__-_---7, # .__-.1..Z .,_-=---_; 1: .M. ff1= ---- -_-=. .----.:.,Likjia--,-
&MIAeue
one
v_-
eoa n .___L.%Eugt
r
4=
ties, Thar' *
. A
the11=-_,iLA
A 1
short
-EtE 0 ff.- e
(In -Atv
%--4
=
...e
at-
_sek
se==i.
morning inarrangement
spent 2 andIn 41 --- at
r AA- 0
Oschool C a 2E onte.
. -01E- 14..-uitai-w
-1 I
I 0E
'% .ga tI'W.0 Sechff
31a -. a
- 'V et Ie ¿In XV Liu VV CU.
_
ejA it-.E1
Z.L-1_MWa-t taD0171 communities.
E
V V
of theai
V
A
A tLIL.
E 0A A rr-0-0-00
tow
;A to LPA.
_w__Aca...0Aw
each
having dortOthers
*1*I01 sehoot= @ .71-Cc. Lk-- -;
e
atith;1Ztr efli3T.Cr@- E SCre@ow
V , because of theirA
ettiL requested repeatedly to adjustpro _Mgt 21..-7,_v I to
w eTti
This ,ra 'or aVM en1
-
or÷Anei sgAsion the whool as awhole is here mentioned because of its reiationship to part-time
when'ent of none of the students during a time of the dayey are usually thought of being in school. However,
the followingtaton in gel* 01.
of siz_hool systems where a general shortening of t-7:e sthool daywu the only type of adjustment made for faciiitiF-employment of the students.
&climb-AND-Amax th--6 a
t studyof vocational 18$
4)yjob was
mercial cou
highand
the teacherof the students both
job. schedule such pwas arranged had theschool and the afternoon tt
with --work In and ioo1 inZn one were
in '51-7-111
5h school union for all
alga* *2
tudiezikeon
for providing opportuniL fotunder which the whole school
school sys-dli this or about, 1
a 4.;.A:$-: withand one Jr, the, afternoon, being
I
:,jon
in the
The of th* for many years the
the of
1ff the mr al :us the eloaisri
1
make e ors,1,-uitti TV;
hours,
for
as-07
.1)10,*zo,
curs k little LI
2
time
Op,
thiii
frequently so
the after-
The of
and
than a day.
did to
beingthe school of
-practices
r iii
iru
piIt
1.11
1111
.111
0
LI
'V;=L=A Nifli PRJYJ1Á, --==- , -- w . w
Special school schøuI. for groupì G, orkir= studentsAncither tyi of aranemexr was founó in schools that devel-
oped adjusted school fr ;i4jg student& 13y this ismeant that wc!-r1cü students as a gtu 1ird school ch&hiies ofdifferent Ierwth anc casicqJ-hr ir 1jff3i:rit hours from thcseof nonworking ;ttc1eis= ; &zometi1nes it that working studentswere 7j(j UI cU:ß&e8 Ewrate f4fl flØ7Wfl)flfl
sometimes riot. frequent representative of this type sthe 4-4 plan, followed especially in California, under which vcr:Ing lLQlLflhJv s:pent flf49 in school ana rc'urs woriceach clay ; an alternative was 5 hours 1n. 'school and Zi hourswor1: Usually Tfl choo1s there wa- a different daily schedUU li?ger and in áiffi:reflt hoi:Irsw for ne=iwork;in 5:tUU1p1tJ4 onefiflgj fly tm W?1TtF iintyq- *-F; Â w -=
a wF% ' , 4 1%_ Ê_ working ¿, jI I
option 44 a :t ___- school£Li1UL41!I XLcs VYorAUM ='uuenta
afternoon, the other k.ari. uf the day being
At: IPiR1 cio. gchj svstjn nni fl: P77fJ&ases fôr: or:;cii 8tUde=uit& thus making earlier dimi&sa1 pos.
of 'boo)V!I i U O jrh tuz ycwiu ¡iu UflI so-plan uilder Wfì1 wU)r1dn tjff'fflt WPrc ïOßtUI?fld 't1y for jjjr
SCflLX)1vo:i1! this made it
?t:J&sil to E«llLISt the schedule miJríT!:flji bi& Another SC!ftXil iuitf1 releaE;e ir wir: f)flflLITof every da for oneurt of the school year. In still another:chtI pupils
I:efzni8ed ¡:yOifl the ccnh1n!reia1 curricula dur(
Ing te Iter nail o tìieir seiiior year =iflen tite work was a prac-L
continuation of the lessons taugt their class.Differing school srJiduiö for each working thîrint
far the IA-f /vole of gchoI reportedment s an iiliiuJ=t:ÁI one made with each student iiiwith hiE SC1W)1 afl1 job neeth. The plan differed from tJìç 4---fP!1=;1 ¶rÁd other plans for groun treatment. in that the t!zdent!nlght ILEVe a iitïe V&flêtY of cornbinMiori cf liciurs school awiat wcrk the school providing the ==ine c&iicuii fair boUt :orkingand nonworking students
; adjugtrnentg were made vuitiili1 thatschedule, not adding to the school d!':3r honh gjmorning1Fuu! Eij Perwa!, or ny similar Ïroup yw=
Nearly w LL WU UUJI reDofl'1 thnt they operatedOflSUthafl ÍfldiViduai basis. Eight ndict4 that the number ofsuWect- the atjaent W= allowed tJ carry ¡n school ;* determin*II: the number of houri he OUt8k' of schooL InOELe city system Ljjfi
!eatiE:inhiD oft aecrjrdjpg t the,f011OWiflgpIan: :
;-I
t
L i ':. - - -----
i -
AN'a
sch
meantstudents,
t
students 4 4 gitt
ese
melon (t,7
employment.in the o
half
Bible fo en without loss in .t-tto Cäi. 7
.
ilL
vv.
.4 adjust,-conformity
two-thi '
_
. ' ,
1,177'
Lt °FLA Aik
Zi.44J]
t r 41
.
-
.1
S.
in
anmorning the
spent ina morning
citift thesea
a
By the
in
wasWU
-L ty'P PROGRAMS1J- V
- eW
I F=
orne Yfl riirT!: fi!Ti 4 L iig¿ ' (M iihi.rtc1
--I f.
-(hour*)
.. '1 r UJ iffafEïffljjJi 1t
-- . --r _- I j F - - - - - -- $_._ _----- - - -
periodsa .Line - jU % -iJ1L ¡ I øUL-Je1LDJ -- - -- - --- --- - O-
JT this r4n,1l credit "- __'; frr work rtit& In anotherJ4 %.r=- ¿ y y MJ ! L - j _
school í3yst6in which lid: ziot a-IIow credit for work experience, astudent bf: employed íor half of eac chooI clay. attendingschool the other half of the ds: ; he was limited to twp su1jetsin school (th if he was jjj1rjF;11y capable student) ; the re-
later ::;j: iniiL OO J1' Iii v&wz. 'iuu1.
A At '--- #_ - - - -- # -: = _ - __ - that - - - -- _____ . - - I _- three -i;-=-.=a! £ULi V-
Î_ morn; -'4 esubjects I11& ? h i r or afternoon earn the û r r4 t neededE %'= LÀLU £LiU i&1Li'wtgl'i work ± _ jaEE- , A__?i t V = -; - g _ _-_ . = - ---- - -- =- i + -= - =- 4 - +1 =J;g in !,i- ï-:, -- * Li
school prfnciple that a afollowed itt who anz- , w ' V - . . 'a= ---
in school not than four . -a % i :T1i1 Ji4 more --- =- andI L. VT UU=L Lv IJtfl(JU3 t1U IJ- permitted to . - -- s a
One__ 4 -- - I _-_ _-_ 4-_ -- - - - L __L- sinceg agg- -- _ag_r L LL wLLLj LL *atjL
I FaI4L_ seniorsF I permitted secure = j -: P ' -_ t '=-=- r -.= -, --- = j
B nz
tr i 4 ---in L - -.-- .-a1
The large A i.t' of T1WP Pbrfli-- however, b1 not worked= =-_j %= - =- -J- &J= - - e e-
out t definite, et''n E- c:=v- +- -r- -t- hadI T_TI2JT.. 17ff' 2r : i
!L1L L :IiiviiI LtJ individual i1 11I1UL1LiULL -e-LI LUUeHU
i ancsveci :ut Sc-tiOO! 811cl Çßj( j0nrj
i in most cases the guidance service made the final arrangement a1though t?i not invi1:1yth ; and c.ertajn1'ç itnot e coiìcluaea mat fjjjT Jfl TJL3 C1íSS1flCatIOfl di1 tne gulaancfe%ic cperate closely v;1t=1 tF sc1ooI-4ndwor1c j-ri-gi-ain. Schooldrnintza1r)r8 generally shosced a disposition to rely heavily on
i uie guidance service tor xnFìii or t-lie decisions- i=gai1iìig e!1 thasesi of o1-anvorL'
Naturally tue tizne of Iee- most frequently the a=t periodor two of the school day. This vit especially true in casz wherethe SSi:nMieflt br the: last was in the study hail ei-e
i neauie c)uia e aiustea o tn-at study tirreor, ot1onaI subjects carne' at the end of the day. S»flf SChOOlS izïit1i Ork
i ing students to be excused for one or int:re peiloda iii the mnorithìand a few made arrangements for work excises «iii th :chc:'1
L clay. a
I Release for seasonal workI Finally, there zs a ;vpe of release from --=:,,cool which operated
fCfli a reatI-vel' flf=Ft of time. it ntcìst frequent IllustrationiB :c4!-1lii in during the hrfrtni; rush for work in sthre
! and ii the pet: and, in regions, release for f&-i orkIDI connection with the piantùig and harvesting of crons More
- -- :_&
& II,__-,_ i_ :---; ------ --
=
school
+ 444 (4 or ,5 subj
-acia:ht
anUÀtir retardation might be eliminated attendance
a
a
-';o
approved
beingcombined seined 1visable.
wy,:, should
pro7::
the -0LL-Tsf
.
f
.
r *
-
=
lead
and left
as
'was
periodrelease
HIM
UN
INIM
MIN
ME
MIN
IMIN
NIll
iiiiiM
iNim
bom
moi
limm
enon
mom
mio
nsm
imm
umom
mon
EO
M il
li15%
iittl
Ili'
Ta
onti
quitrd-d
them.lost
tions on
'uglye
V 1 r"1Ts.a
A -ft.--- I
A*P
= 4
slur".tin schools
releasesoccupation,:work in EL
be madein stores and
t
g ul
rANDWORIC PROGRAMS
Ragareleased
found
raw
_ E.
desirable toWhile
ng
work._
1 a V
aav=aa.*
v_
a
a
a aaa
reporta
eeta I Cat
e oDIKErtu. -P unasr
MIC.F4 C-41 *"'i-if-ALAIlarge mai
reasons ior employmentgency or an opciia===
tributive
Manyreleased.
_
officewerekin Malte
iIuJI
giiristfl
lb-.2-k
on
Auden who were anAft a =a 1 a
during the Christmas period.mwt often assistance in an
money.I
.:-wverw De=_Intraining ?In -I dim
clop was required of. aa-I_ 2 E a= a _
a teatrr-n-^-- a=4
weeks.
7-a-
_
7.
,ela-kal al -e--a -7-
unki_
counters aments
to
-a
- 'Ia aa a a
-
UI
aIn
- =
E 1 E*4
a #
pPll
v
A
ow-ot difr
werets=1
V=E 1*
a- a- -_-- muchip
fiM
recruited
the Ka=
a
Et- ao_
E I-Taa aa
tazie-Ty
Elae-7.1
4
7E4-a A aa_a
a. -'==--=--- .. .L_- ,
,ta.7==.----.- -----
ofF7A=_
a a=EE E
0=F-a
=a,
one
IT-
_L#77.7.0
4.4_ , r-;_e
L:_ea 4 Wei,lU ort-
a ea a 4- a faIve 4- t ei
-
-aa
aa-
theA-an
w .77a_ eachVT _
a.# featurete, - aWk_js-
notarrange .entThis
are,aa - "
.V..rN.14a if t w=- a- UI
mutually exzg
E-1)
sonlor work at other times and under oler conditions during theyear. The school system referred to on page 8 as following aplan of "unit rostering" of students also reported that it had analternative plan, namely, "individual mitering." Several of the.schwis having nonrehnbursed cooperative classes also had oaiermethods by which pupils were mimed to work. The classificationis made on the Ifni' of types of arrangements rather than schoolsthe arrren___-,
One ..,"&31and czn.wluenti
especiallye-=
W-Lrue fljjJfl the
p
untei in=MI&a
e seam-rk group. Many of tne schools reportIng release for sea-work also reported plans under which pupils were Wearied
oneatourth includzt is IIwere seasonal
for releases but specifical.1
it definitethis the Tattatio
classes foras uience, no
for the oxL
zsia week or ofeducation
-=obrk atschools ount - 7-
_ e for whiwstudents
n, for store
-:i,., 1 or 2 -,-,_._,rt_ doptethe -411-_-: of excuse might ii.-5, extended t.. ,
_,
was requirement-___ _It plui, _
i
ast-pup rafound it- to ;-----,
for
...tossing s47
th
mvy attempt to classify
,lloy
the time oiclatatilcirork3 tat:: simbinaCoTort frat t tat'fs 4t
most appropriately bet
ut the -14,-Inibotfion here attemptednot chigaatiL4
.
co = I-
more
r
than of the 136 schools
may
kind.often
by the
the pupils were
On a
Usually a thatthere be a than a generpalschoolsregarding seasonal labor
In arrangements go
aremay classified.
is likely
might have of thebe thin oneis
discussed,
having
d
11 In
T11
11
I
1H
I
E.=
=.-
NaN-
t POPULARITY OF $040010,AND,MORKA
Wut ,===a-ffz--Ae
WEIS= 6rUtir ipatina
'.#==--a= ,=# Ca_.=g
--- Z=7-11 sa- prorrn-Ins WE Egg -A.== M=
A"§.-- A--E. -.-- a* ..-- aa A.=r0=. = 0 r =--- a IT-A '=-=--4-E.- ----=,-r- 5=4
S8U1On of
-a- -11 T-7-it TL-7
that_ A I erW
orea.% = ==Z-
se E
faa-aa 4- 74 # . a---aaa
the tn A ff Iva77
wereWar
6
a
-74 -Va Alasa-aa. A A
tY rT. 0-1va
= =_ g=a==-7 a
a.--
iiiiUfØfl was av_-11---amma, or more exact
normal -=-4
L--) have u_n a Aged irmWhether
brief E=
g A aa a a-- == -a- -a e#
it Wfteme'
---urrtimeil of work.4a-a aa a =
E.:11,======Wa.e
A _Iv-7_ _a* or -a-- _a a4
they
EA-
N_ii __F A8_
a-
DasiL!
aa
=-1=aag
e
fl-
olr
itft
7=7 .-=-f -=E wauf =
a
g
more in
2= -
a -.a'M
Aa- 4=E.- -
theiraL-
_ a= allaranrientoa-aa
Aaa-
YorkA AE E4.4 *
'am OhioMAMAS C1-41-
E
aa. ----,
Richmond, Inn= a._a-r=_.. c-g
-z .Z-
TI*---_----fa * A and
A *_Aaa -A=AMEa-_
W--7-=
_v
lacka
aZ E
A ar am A
=0.
_ from ;
allmalaillgalelmaaanizzmamaaa.
ea he iW IOU sad weseduft ?Ii tombs'go_
SP*, of thee*Labe City, San
f
Is
-
ofape_ 1944:tim f -ahltosiEiL 17 -7 Molikft 110111
41
PMAy\V
invork e ej
foris, the
W t lava
*1r s toots] of ell cities andNnt the mirk
varier*.
"_r_l!'"_-*-1-
one more t)
1P tot for the
clean 0
ven which in!A4 i_n1
t.
I.
ili ; L
r_
621_
te
_
- -
Tn.
_ on
o
In
on
for
iin-
ew1111
therefore, 444- r"_
was n
t© shownr oI.rork programs
19 were 1/77
Tulsa,
_
Ire=
-a
ts 5, u, E 0
I.
7--raaa
?to
,414=44 Ifs 4- , 000
_, also -11 -'.- e ,_ la i-PL All 1 4 e :-T_ I! I__
_ == !a aand ._____-_,N-,--". .,,-e if = ft" - g.- ° t-e'qtji 1-P-- -Vi i,
-. .1, , . -- _. v_.
.---
.w4 _. -
large
-
:0_
. .=
- I 4
t
r.
-
FROGRAMs
, The
Parteoemployment boys girls still a high-
most in it had fallen slightly afterV-E Day, May 8, 1945.
onthe of thenumbers of students
daythe figures given a a
includedworkers releasedalways wide range, allowed in the givup-ings below the extent of the progmma in
reporting.
of100 60
10a a(X) 10to
b60 1,(XX) 61,000 to 6,000.. 7
or
as havingwere Angeles Ot4ers
having than and San ;; City ; Philadelphia, ; Salt Lake
City, ; and Okla. citiesDayton, Toledoand Mo. ; ;San and students on
program Weil over the SOOCalif. ;
Seittle, Wish. Undoubtedly a number of othercities would have fallen into some of the above
of data than inckuded in this particular
The 12 cilia; &men for visits reporting 500more Salt Diego,
*QoutioNadireg were sift Os vs*ballpre the end a Wititar.
TIT
IMT
IRM
I=M
EM
EM
IZE
IMOz az 3 1_o a *
T (-1-47 fv- 4
Largo A
z
=L4 A a a*
1-AW p
-=1
-Z-
= AVal AAA-5
- .- _--,_- -- ---2.
al -:----,... i_r q_j =--a- --=:-.-= -4,=1,-
1
--_--T_--2-a e--4g.
--4i. -:__-.. ---- .4
A
-4,- -_-=_,-- -----a--- -4--4-1 --a-- T..- .L.A.-_-_-:-_-_ ml vs m--6- -L_. ---___-_--. -.4-__4, .w-...-w -_...
Saa-
a__ a at- aN ffyears, n 3 a 6 aaa
4 - 4F
f13w 0°'--J ___
a_a
A Ta_- I
a A_ in-4 A, V &um-- A
=-=
_
jamerf
=E;
-A1-1t=1--TTM-
TO au() MT
ÏT- y
JOY a 34-Wts 4-1 prag Priffn W.nw *or gown pLralmwap wi,ou aniricompanies
vaz
the ki putrd--------_-_
S-E-7411
a-ir all
ediAlP-,
A
abruptly,A
-
2 I
I I Ill I J1..1
6
pun
V=S
a aL
no McT
ak-3I VIVElf -4-g=
111 manufacturingug
in IA =.7-2
ivq 1-enthe
3 =
Uo"u
U9
a7A.3 3-I_
o ll F;3119
eifaS1
1_10
*
ij-
pue iores
r
_4 A
-are
4p urf
LA 77-Aa7
4.4
A
4 4"
g
a_
ñr-
IO OtilOz fa-
'Ws .g
4
-SW
a .Isturg wtnr----40taAW a-A
SUIV.120ia
Tri igiiff
4_4 n4as -4L-
alp ire; JO Uflalum
-2
- - - _ a-
1work E
ffa-A=7_47- V
3
A74- ff-
a
- -1 T _
z
A
i I itala- 4 a4 4 r-
-- a A VII
V.
3E= 7,4 A
gwvisposa rgom..abre-n
AE
z IA
k TO
kle At".
D,_F Mitt STU ,
- -
Yor what kind of jobs did students excri_a;,' _
of their school time? If a census ==..-_;_ken of all tiI]l-q in connection w-V-2=c
list of occupations would,t &Ifs- everyfor repre,.
farm work and tot
and ship-!rpm housework and child care to -144-. salt
jobs
rir4Li any kin of oE
josI for boysic d sm.r44::rn
for erclerical work la
vY
At diaitof a -ge
:«taitext
on=
terkiwi---t; wherefor vorze:c in war p
f Avr
v
forover the a
ead of re!,
ZtaNta
most
Ai-AP-- -
WareIst the
whereby to.2
students
aru-
worked similarLi* of
ri
youth.
tv4I01- 11 '4,, 11
= =
D
continuousden old v.-
_
L-,A
more
i
t: ií hn wirk astr,
definite or--.4nd .Z1
iI of 1cr_i-ol-40t for
the W2_4_1_79 WAS one of the,:r fine&
work
f= most
y were being visited.
befo-
,
-
441w.
tp_
I.
zt:,- 1 er o'clo-14-=_Af , r]_,*
ettapartmarket
7.14- -
P er
ata, to,
2_ _
Vo ill
, .8- -kr.- '64 4 =-
4;
was
asking 04
or I::
corner
-=-I- r.r
='41 get
as. 9CHOOL-A14D-WOU PROGRAMS
BY
variety sobs
been
during
try that young persops wasDented. from day labor
yards; andstores eand offices, and even technical in
Work In
In smne large theredemands oickr
16
a methodequal sham.
under arrangements in types.
the type
mon* aservice jobs, the usual
Roanall during
of labor high-schoolseeking them to a large during
several of the cities of theStores usually were need of extra
salespeople ak early 2the schools closed in result
of boys were atatter of
or ; to sell handle Awl at a 5. and 10-s shoe,
a help behind the whereduty made sodas at the store;
a girl, to sell cosmetics; and, boy, to run errands deliver
I
, T-Yt V-T î-t- - = :- =-- _ - -- =--
hrvic. lobsRuaurart :Lr
¶ cfl3attOnae-nts or ooui sexes. uie cas astiajtv servm as JLcn:1!I UieIer
. and Ius Ixs. nd the rs at wtrwe. counter iz1& azc1 andwich niakera Srri of th icibs svith Irj ,'rmarMio=nand ervit We-fl? In !!:211V were 111 cafeterias and Iflcolle &hOi8 01 riDt4a1E: ; CUTiZS were Ifl UIU t)'J% I1CJI1Ufli iUJÇJ
-U(Ji w_Lit- r t
UV-&fl=L II=L-I -LLt4 1u ij=L
others i:ì thp P!JTV jci%V!fwn tvDe O ca1&ILL:! LUdY aL mi%eu LU21L ;Jy; QUe ¡rqutna, wur i-
r±c=J1riileas& nrr leLvery boys, ga-.t*tion a-
tt?na1r=81 truck clrm:ra, helpers in c-rameri, jaiitcrs laborersaThj
frigìi1tflilØ:í -ÌOUflt1 railroad yards &uc1 warous, a;=d
in many cflier klIUlß cr rOU-IP-E WO1 ill a :ew n=iaces some twieïrswei excused early frozi choo to ïisht=r i the:ur or p set pjnqIn LM:Jcjg ai:eys ac=u it was usually bau o: th particularURi.tZWS urgent need :cr money that the school n'incipa1 gvc4
COfl4 tc 5'u2h tyix of mp1oyint ori time.Jobs. with vocational cenM
in th _tore carefully imed and RUDerV+ia&I
boys were found tx E fc4iowing zIo niich pursuits R rtier orhJpers ii various ill trathg 1ectricaL a'jt;- repa radio
* ApflrT i building.repair, aiG These ic4s were Orten 5te1MMngtE car3rL H1e1ji!u1, ai ji a wv. ere jjfle
o- the girI' jobs in tEe cnunerci i3elc, as tivitflhQ cierkc -r pnu1 j tii
iflUflWtii mcì-u8t-ry as L41tJLioili3 operatoz ifl a large axcbnzetrarüng
L'tu:v For UU'tii:; WjiU WUt ;tuiiilflg -n o48 LLU 1UJLUeconomics jobs ¡z the riegtauranta or in dietkitchens cf h()ß-p-ita1z and even in 1Jrvat4? offered some
:!!:t:ÍE?i t±: r__î
r'==
11e!1_1JL iiiIt libraryy tjj JitCi vj tE!:Uij yjftg
=Job hL1 F tWI M -1w- - w
Job studi of cross sections of the C) &c*fldTprograms in twt) Of' the cities Ldi: in Síñ 1:'iego and Qin salt L1k-e City-hoI tht in both places, in tht fall of )745,the it single iun amcn the vvn thr ofat:,k LM:iy8 UI 18tI1 stor= )J iii1 VIS&n Diego, also in 7ntira Calif., the. most r:enti fcmniioccupation for ir1s in the rogram was that oft?iDhcZie Operatcir L!1JUt ciiie4hfrd of the rou in ch city being
us engaged t thì Ufli Oí sit in 1Ì SJ Lú. ':c:It:tWo4IIird! .'f th with worked in toz irincJy ¡a gIri
!ii:ii:\:-- : S 5.
-- - -S _SS- _ -rn- 4-.-S------ --SS-- -. -- , !---S--S=S-- -S
- - - -SS--- SS S
r: :-
F1-4,
conn
f _ TR, t parttime
hospitals;
t as
for
n
*7:2; and still
the
:1'
,where student work Ts were 0--mven 1.i.e as tit
ketter L.44.1
11
fc.:21,130 II-
aik4 some
certain
fo
in
- occupational
3
-t
boil; 4
6tr'
-+" fall.F
rat
MEN
VIP
was &hi-
roomi
.k
stenographer,bookkeeper, cozn-
the t,
households
a of orientation.
students
percent, respectively.
seloolAnd-work
1111
111
'1
aan
t.N.sima
C-1 p-a
g _ NU=T--7- _=
Correspondence
_
was,work.
=
=
. -- -a-=
AMP
Kil t14-5
7.T
- --
_-- 4 ! V. _ I E
_ a-
4_ .-.
=a- = beenstudents,
-
cd cost muss4- -a. -=__
V
A
commercialgici
=
Ikk_
Q3
were conYI
1--j A
.ail
UM_
t
-
anoof
_
=-
E
maracIer ofthe particular awn
determined to"1
=-!*s.
- _ regardfelt was suite:J-1-
unaa__ 2
Ea_ _X E
clUM4ir laws. A subsequent section
.
E cA=1-
a-A-=
to refuse to permit release htìii
though CZg-g
_i .ri 0---=a-
-I- - _---- I-- ---S t__ ----_ ..
feature
A .
iHie .1p.
I aE -=
when _ I credit_ _
11---111
t-g
However,section
=7 A
_
whichprograms
of
f_ differ
people 1,-Ethane*
connectionX
= --- - -__ --A_I-__ 7*a- - ------ i- _ _
a--..- - .--,- -- ._.___ - - - -=,- --- ----- ---- - 4 -4- 4 g --a X N --..- k- t 0 I -..-- g E g R--4-------- -=---77=-7---a...-..---- ..-__ - _ 4., a __ ___,aa .-... V .... ....M=-_-- - -- ,=-- --; = _ _ _
I
full WW1; X X X £
ahow iniLr
no.-
'
-Y7; r_
ate°m_sAy
ds rservice c. ons was concerned.
id o 9I
amlo, er su reportedt. -Ink; se: sArt boys, Aki:r-- 1 a
4, C ItleArwrke In
in cities yid
A
fl
r o' 1c cic
of trade d[Ina. ool
--ork pupiL u,4aa_nt L4 (ore j_.=9,
percent i various service
ter
17-
--anheola
"77--
tvpritora A inform:it 14 ill
9.11 i LtL
there LJtut"
`,11.
Of Ntit8
and'
4.obj7
of
_e for
work
h..- which students were f,714:&1 7_011.11
c
vtiviYawitwere
were
,1:71
,_ _
-)4J: I 1
even
I-jiNtT71_', I;
_
_ I Pt LI
sal
school.
_
school-and-work fika.
bowling alleys0,4
werework in
aS
occupations-I_.3 w-Ajibj,
# # I
.1
a yw the
=
a Fl=r-4-=
a. el'school e tEI P
74.
1-431`4_ nun
tag
a.
in 5- and The next moat octupation forgirls on in San restaurant work; in
Lake City, clerical office
trnds in other
with the communities not visitettto as as the predominance
three-fourths their jobsin stores ; S8
as child'earetakera, andwhere were special types
manufacturhig, just as'to early
jobs factories of various types---textile and knitting mills,machine shops, electrical industries, etc.but the indicated
proportions in than war plants. In placeswu availabiepn the status
fall of 1946 thtre to effed thatbeen a decided oppor-
in
dottrmisants
types of in at worklargely by employer thethe industrialmunity in which they lived. also
degree by what the "Jew counselorusually being giveff to the legal
discusses compliance withchild-labor laws 'ea findings Many schools re-
schoolof such u and
serving liquor,illegal in the community. was a
of the iirogram standar&setup as to of be for creditFindings how joim were when was to
is discussed in on granting of creditby the the and places of
were employed in with school-and-iworknot seen
ages worked at orschool hews.
11
s
Of
AA- AA1 11i!
A
A
- a F-
:AAA E
A _ =7._
-= Eof A _1 i_ =
11-A -AIL-A A - --=---
A
schools V..-
-A !
_A_ _AR.-A -N.-
a
-
--A--
THE
t7=1 IA_ Iv are
I
more
school-and-work
A _A _ E EAA-
s_ _ a i 7A1-
-=_-__A-AMENA,
N-A AAA ex LT I ence =
L
A= =-7#
1 EA A
E
TheE = AA E A
_
A
r
the
the
LA
_A Aadopt A.A_A
-_
.
E A r_ aaa A aa_
Er_
= a Aa ------ A _
t_--
r 1--a
A
=
_
ofAA- rtrti- -- 4 A_ AA
-0
_ E
t-
A & -
visit= giving -==.A , a
X t
A A a=i=1 f_11=-7 severalendeavoredIa_A-- most 1M-
E w-A_A-
o occooxi
s.c.
in t the 1,:.-__nniiir andd ti-i, ---._. ,_ by the .--ttpli'd in r:&ngrn or the student's
_
an piko 34,7,1at and guiding nizo throughout his .e,5-
s Taw that the schools arefo
& young pl _fkr-xt;t_ey remain it
from
and do -axeo workinty stufir,AL§rel
mort and to carryt 1-round e-Aiucatitins! ¡eve)-
.rmrit or st, Last as long
y appropk414 whethernsibiliiy for t_hop
u° tito they may°ors III
*1011
I Alta :4-,
L, and ofl'z osiL-01 over .tA -*nrk. Aenc: of its students
-7-onding thee locality-id on VI
0-onsi.pili11Maiouj-_,1
a=evAr, tor deftnit.4 plan af ...4.!_p_E--Ti-v.s:sion and
operation of a rk
ould
n ralieaL21s
s7L1 :717_1
iÏlj forin work
MA
A
f,tLitration forprogram
r, y both17 4,,IE tildo
tat the following
the otko,it require MAZ Mitei* "Me past.
",
w 'ma for_sati p 4eV-
1A, -,-tf
wa -1=
a to thSaith vext-
Pk:Mee . 421 %only
,[111
pabr.
;on &could alot,
and responsibleof
-:-Lizetrs f tit
77r-i guidanceen or
- :
staff ri=
D.-r-i-
EV/
tift
61* k -work Dive-_
larger eft- _
V
placement- -
,14
44-16
:I67-
., A-a
7
r afre 4 4- P4 V VA_
school
-1;
.-41 41.,
'7=7: _ _ _
-" en; Ofl
SCHOOL-AND-WORK PROGRAUS
VII. BY SCHOOLS
respontibility
being looked toresponsibility fosteritig the
as be askedthe comparablewelfare the be,.porarily fiom the
It has been that the c.}aractervaries
to another, on instudents, phikmpophy of its administratorspersonnel regarding the values andthe that tile school in
a its own prowram. The need, how-a
utisfactorynized by school officials places, ttic=1mail and those in the visited.
as
If arethan wv been
inkeenly the need
in area of part-time employment.workrperience should be thoroughly
and
nee4iedbe exhieved a staff especially quali-
fied carrying out the and follow-upfeatures, several the systems had &nployed
purpose. Many cities made specialgiving staff leadership to the progTam throuei
existing or teacherof to 12 no a
its the schopi-and-workyeitra of those citleis
ha,d had full-time coordinators to cart', the
INIII
IIMIII
II111
1111
1111
1111
111i
illhi
llifil
li111
1111
1i11
111i
1111
1111
1111
1111
1
I=t=s sssI Is
U
42yY-g-- lion
&
=Tt=
were never
s
rs during
EM I 1
U_
Aa ",
control
k
=
A
L--?rs
a wund guA ,o3(i
school or in
n:ro1 a Fi
V-4-
programs
i
for
of age,=_int Ui
a
coria
case
and t.
ime.betwimmtakrff Into
whethe
rrtiitclose relat_-
into.do much toa employer
t make
-6S: IS.,- -An
f
is
undertakingpi V
t
_
twiceantl
Fki
=
E
.46--
ite
S-
k-ik
matterE
amiss*
_ Er
Tact.. un
"6-6 6 _TA-AsfIA
n
A
k-_-ff ==-- & _ _
anyno'
important =TS
`-
a
f
*
mostthe Tk up arid the eon-
_
-ztrUge.WA1011.--i
rer laid u-ie Therenatc..7 o io a &a m-fa:tory job. In of Californiacities tmt:ve coordinators hadbn in for several the -war and, accordingAo all mINE---ta, continuation of Lae same renem oici being.
neA Jthouç on a scale. School atrintenden ino*ffer lame cities of the country &aid they expected to mn-
tinue their school-and-work aura on Laefull-tir e coordinators ,tni irriv-Gve,d _-f-,.r.:Anfc..;:ues in coun-
sens, pLy7ing,-tnd supervising. Altogether, however, among allthe school wsr-Ls included in 'te study, i-e number well-developed Walla of over school-and-work in Z.-:tfall o 1945 v-as ently gaina
control
school's means of \many. on-or approving a student for participation in
scra--4-1,!and-wo4-k prlopzri-Ln_. .1Wons- must mule in.-eiarients" desirability fro--
the student's '-[-_uclat intexi-t---:7 of hiswork -- t ;:=1; and, in he is approved, the
d1 and job grAvities.. !LA] of these -
16#_.,;- tk consideration if a prxv1=--alin is to r- t on
paxms
in Ai,
tsdx.t
-__ L±112
pl
eI
10.
4041MV
=47
Op holly by thewith i of great
o , student
his and abiH-1 inof
iip1Ier and te showing of anon the job school can also
and help both tident", Di1 Í
O noilabilittu Ln te combinedscholarshipprogram
N I-
en liA1 jobIAZ'41 Cr*F.,lt El f-1-14
u.c_ser,-orn. or
for work experience i kri, awhich th MI must si up of _rules for
`Lal flialt, .-! Iai,la find loheY_ control cr e
$-a-erw
A! =
Selection ivm for
UN't
-* 1 1.4 one of tit
of
elem.., coordi-
programs
a wasmodified
same general prin-ciplft with
of
sibility selectingthe be' thematters health,
amoat of
bebaais.
program,cooperation
a according toseeing that safeguards chitd-labor taws obaerved.
Irith -anin tlif the
prcervate goodin any
educationalat-school watched
and ittilized in thebe
decide. Theis a which
can exercise
of
of kind controlledprogtam Ws usually
to be intinuing of such a the course the edua-
vans-a.417
s
All
0111
7110
,,
I.
s
4w w - -= - -- j - = =- __LI JJ&L" iJ W
.- ti
.
I4 cities .
convinced L, t ' many h -iL11-û ?a%;(J. expressed Oselecting =P;Tcifnfl i1 'ijckL1L=i1%=EI war
*q¿t I £v% ,1 __-= LOUd =_ -%t -t
,
4 -=- - needs =I g _E _ E' ( -.'. '. L U L L.; - Lt ,L V L1w. 1e
ties. It is not wale t1it their ideas could be carriedoit onlyin part, however, during the }jC war yea:r: when "work exi;rience» so suddenly thrust it&:eIf upon tile tb;flZtI1 øS fl3W &flZ1
itt1e4es:Le educational concej1 Vast riurnber8 ofDoys ana gais h&- to te satisfied, or else, many claimed, they vcuiuhave left school a1tether. Whether or fl( ÇJ! of them cult havebeen kst ic tJit hooIs is perhiiis a q-iestior The fact emains,however, thYizy of them did ro;= otit of iioo}L The fact is,also, that many schools pressed by industry to release studentsfor work, made }ui?ried arrangements tO tie in at Iat a sectionof the stud body with the war manwer program. Vith inadequnte and overworked sthLffs they accomplished difficult conversion of school curricula and of time schedulesto fit in with :tie hours that jtudeits were asked to work. It is1 wonder in tlte rush and eonfusioxi or iiI tirne Jiat there werefrequent violations of some of the rincipies that in a good school-anil-woric trowram would OjEjÌ tie siection c4 icbs for persons
(
and :rßflß for job'
One the s . '.t . iII W -= ,I = í3= lI was that = TJL dI1C1 LiIu61LIc i 3J1 tL U!I13 H-Udesiring to enter the program afrea had ;zsand tey just Wi11 tO get lo work earlier, cr they had the roniis2=of a job IT tiev could begin a: a certain hour wc!-retime. othErs so'wlfl Fai eaìly diSmIE8&I not to go ¡niniiatiyto a job, but to lengthen tl1eir vriii IiLEi an1 Stili keeP- tterCOfl1)iflj clay W!thl!1 an :nournnin ïiiis =wasTTpn
_# ifl t :p-htrrnip 't'øqI L Iv Jfl! 1t pIfl171£ y L i # -=
schooFaiii1:i: ê: f in under 13 may not éxcee r hQursDuring the War !riod j° f were ¡1entiful tue
a-ccepteI on chFaTKiwork prograrn manystudts who would pt haveaptli in normal times and otherswho woiici nave been r.fueui if good selectIve pOIICie3 ana pro
.e,_449 had _ operation.VUL1& VO L7VU ILL
conditions under which pupils were permitted to be xcuaedearly or have their schedules otherwius adjusted for purpoi ofwork varied in different citIes, and imetimes even in differentschools in the same city lt was true that in most places ant=li
.
cants were required tó havi satisfactor hoIarship, to producethat
: seated to their change of progrin. In some placei, also, tudnth: hdtobeofacertainBorradebeforetheywereallowedto
biifl:fl suIia pgran Ori the' ottier hrnd,in veïy 1w
rk f the places visitxi anv speci& attention given to te health
T-
. ; #:
s s:Li'
.4, -'I. .
.
t 6
.-!
.1.
1
1.:, ..... ....,. .
,. -4.-,..,
...
k I
,.,:. .
v., ,
L.,:i-'!-.... *i .,..._. . ..,
7
".: l,....-,.-. ,,...,,"
,5.,. ,4.,,.
, 'e -'.. --
. :#
4, !
! 7.. . .:"'''
. ,,
At
,,1
'
stuuents ior
Wo..
z...Lurtfitfixo
*onversion
Still
school-and-work
[licZif
when kinds
r ..;
schr:iY
,
19
.
-)4N.
7
_ - '4% ;;, .
,I. 11.'1,-.
L'
.
. ' C I 1. ,
`/- 4-4 - . ''''-r
>1 - t 1.4 .`.1 ,"*"l t ,
4-50 i A,/ 4. '4À2z. +K.y:014diwi
.
e
inprograms
be
a
alldoubtedly
AUI the student a &
w-
vidual,"*- on*00 Ag. E.Ef.1.4
mlucationalg.9.-o
-9
Txr of the CUi=s--_=.
the job such as hour-the
to the studies being pursued
The ElAte-I.v_w-BOW.TE
or AREA the
O.a_a
t_E.
relation
dAj minimum age of 16 was set by some school s, einslicipation -2-zhootaand-workzatilar school time for work, fff-
oo-o-ooAN
9
UI
wase_
ln 2..
of IrLe
o1"--;n1-1.4=
F
To
fme
release' fromo
muni that answered the question as to whether puvrams. Sometinies release16 were accepted on
was granted ont1.-e-ear-olds
i-)42S 18 Ot
eluded -arnonr_o
1"1=."
ILL
h
59 amn-is under
work
grade as to seniors and faniors only.trinntned to be iumors could then im in
(MT grade toof
... .-w -=-
g a g * L2 1....o 9 .., .--.._._.
Otherunity a
10* =& A & e
cities° had lower minimum--OM. arTAold lust have can-
eting standard,ff.-41A &
AM grade at An ekrti-
n
fratfi reage,
mimm lor workmajority
AE
Ruplia __turn=V1410%11 dac TIT4*V7 .7^ VA,0_years 2.2. I
althouah e
.C1-ft-ft
the A aLI HIV the
that one
C=0 flk while&
schools weree T7-6 w
few0
largethisgrLe wereJIFLA lucrative
.te youngerOIM
"W v-
_
_ E E _
La 1 6°-
Amts jobs
eFIn
u
-Arm
citiesE
2for eMADVInern
o4 boys
half ofhad gielpatedleast
E TS =, city,
proportion1945.
n of
A
ff=-Wroff a7
tIeill avajiTle, thRt *
ad been.
and ici.yre-Arita youth hs4youtholder
A p
theLUCE-9j p-.*
_ -OA
called
riT work.and certificatingbroken iT
one
was
.4In14 11
reluctancemke P-MY Vigils off from school for
certain came,el "iww g, A 4(1Wb4i
IlAredal o
more stuthese
a.A
aE.
their cortRntion heiar A____m,ys or
to orMAU
Considratiorr ofThe qu_ 0
bairns
value
the oftyri
younger
StatesririlA f the 181=7 not
upila to substituteOr even ior a school subjectthat .0 faaw of filVie par
ohtainvi from the workUlan that obtained from nn
of health lílo nera
experiencem the1101
a of Major
N
A -,c,
- ,1. ,
E =,
_ PROGRAM
-*44.*-.zrars-4 apor
- -., .
-
b the-7 O.,.. and wages,
possibilities in walk7 the student.
.
06-
A
programs, fortrue
for
those eIigib1eone
be .for earlysince the
7-11.4tistit, emuch
f-lsL was apparent from more an th
that 14sookwork tt s
the wrEziX ù ons4ourth of í tuents were4_
41; even at viaiiì Itwas thought reason for was
Et fri employedthe 4*mr-
these not _#=!::!,
J:;_-_%9 up A 'kb tie what somecool "
'of viae, Iv-pi: minimumduring ;-ry,.-i,copl hours there Tfr,,L.---;
to km pupils under pun:.cities the school
the' ,.4ey so.me
.work ffc r. or t;'then, In
. girls tkoLa'. " ,v.
it.r
4
f
4 ;e
L. .0 .4(
Y174'-tYltf-Aif. 471ttr,",;I'fP.,44.Z;t4;;;T
,
'"
I
,a-
.
.
--it=1:
, ; ,. r 1.
ii:11- ;1;4-Ff.= n
-rzt o tv,t.4J_=
,
"
of
par-in
a
age
--o-inot aand
59in plans,theise 16ever,
December
fact that jobs of diethe kinds boys
held gad suddenlyminds
"onlkStates is a ages
a.
ofwas
now and
recognized as
I.
A .44
:="C-AC - 4
ITSW*, if* I
a m.Li isssisSA
= ="=" 8
importance in connection wi the decision of a young-vo to work that more than nazi of ail the qtatcof Columbia) haDistrict ve n1aus a medicalthe legal relmiremeni-ce TOr 0children under r'W
&Joésuch evg AM in ft- =_-,,,,,. ..
Newfornia
n thur
_4=c
ar."
= N E32.Vr#.1..=
were
tezLion, while init since e majorityrather than under,
ea
As a 0..,1114. ofI CO LII L
peo
Ana
eexAminatiesninr a work t-
wart
1 s,
eg mmors unOhio, and
Tenn -Vaare
ILUUir W V
I
16.
8
under
one
tO
E 2
e
MINT n
=-4
hadBrna
ds1.-"-- d
proportion
14
-s-LIN
hadof students in these programs were over,
the lawupbeen -et in
urhogv
centstions
New
ea,
I nrC7LaV4."1.07 p
jobs workLPL'=
_school neattrifor wor - 7.:g
*=0c. Lill
students' medied hIt was observed
accordance wiail work permit
A
EAL the Or=W
,E)
:ff-g. am=Ee *a.
a^cc. n1,,
health nett yotthg
W_-?-g
VZ-.Aff
knowledge nf the school1=
in a city visited in another State tna iny skill examinations were given for
included all on the
ek A
applicants upRehm.1.an wet r rt roraim Here=
subWilient jflj<aa
4-0 ao-Lk! ent's a
_T1:1-We
were
18,e
Ikt-V 1 .2e
Ag lot r = r
41r;asAismosa a Tyres affecting
In Torrington, Conn., without backine of 9 State law,school authorities insisted on periodic health check-m
r oart
EEE`- -STE, --=,rW
employed boys and girls in addition to the annual school ti...1,..ed, icalexamination. Each applicant for a job wait; ma-u -__... theschool nurse and if any questionable conditions -were iound nn ----.ehealth record (cumulativethe prospective employer
overA m attendance
a decision wa made as to theale
LB-ft
nurse all during tare dvi
SE p e .uwa werethe student's employment.
inaorignruad and them
the student's 1LP1 nE gschool
In still another' of the cities ABM, where under State lawphysical examinations were optional mith the officer Issuing workwas said that they were required in eases wherewas any doubt as to the student's ability to carry a PAool-sin&-wo_program, or where need of a physical extik-up waseffort irm made to keep all workers in the nhviJ
ere
and, to allow no excuse& exr_was observed by one of
Udote the school mn offer
uca A
ion eimo.w-in special circumstances,tewhers
twAey comprise
v
14,
t 4,r,.
ofrcs for
.i=_Iitio=1_:* the 9 ;1'4for 18Indiana, for minors b Carl-
ix 11[--* tta,all e b Any ofthe
inNewark for checking o
accepted part4"ii 7- permits.of the d 04-nt_
access it44
174also
n
S laws,to
no,s. places, however, itgiven ta
I the activities wereheklth.
person(25 and the
leastin study
in
andthis pro-
an system
The physi-
had
innot
the localfor all
to
the years the city),the parents wereadvisability of
made by theof
permits, it
indicate& An1
it thetto jobelvearv
N
F. .e Air
-'tarWr- *-17
RWW
i.uT ïtn t w -ï
't-v' tLwrw$&3Utfl3WOB de3 'flIW GIquestionnaires,
!VV zuII4az jvio ooip gOldw ¡ootas en neq o iv ro--
p ;pe.I3 p
:1IffaIiflg eui in u*i2 iv iv mw
'wu plufp_rlegally -
. ,: I
. * I s t i -":
4 I S IP I I
s PS .1w ,t. i 1_I I lì
w W fl - t
1WLMb =Lfl T
othersuivaZo1iriddi Lut vi
IlL) UO4ttU1G
-I -=
=1
l
o 'Lin; ei
euo Lp1
oioo;vpnI .wzTfln c
consent
ty ¡UWfJ 14 O 377TJ) UT 91pEfl Jo GZI*vip
"W' Jo ao;ip 'IvdPu!idI UJOd 143fB StUOS U GaA G3T
:
uods-w3 ilnòim petpt
flflTPiA 9Ii13 apparentlyfu --. .
-- some --- -
iTE:1t, ;
questionIA
: ($i
r;ueavc;
WIvdTo aui
Iirì Yr
.4, i "--%P'- --0- --t----''¡"-------%,,-.77,__----. T- -'.74"---. I t I !- . - . ../ I ' 7 i h. = ' 0 4, i AN , . e .. . -. .-- . ,
Pare*si esw
411.
"1responsibility for decision ä thedent's school EL4N for w:ork. It vencities, and iii of 40abj
7.0:,--Aure or curtailment Hi=
to
site tk kw for16,
the routine p iiulure inand over in 17 9
intl.wistEtts uiri!W in only Sta However, in otherStates special ?tali ile _ parents -w
2 o4:ore a those 12
. ..- x-1.1f P
1
e rt=
- jg
work Tn.where orkliki tyliftgra
where tey cre p
of1$
up to 1,S,of
made ra4..7 the school a r$
.:zAttal et
Counsoling
o'f atudL
1
approval .A.
correspondence,fgat
vide princi
would texcky:
iit
!LI2
time WI_
C_ I I ti,!.
Tj!
e boys,4-4or
work was -
U.' 1 to
ka "meet k4ible for
Inrit_;4.
sired.
o
s_=
.1.11q441, suitability
g1.1-
74 a.. __ r
&Tin.m /j1
*
v,-;7:-
MI6
Ike- States.
htlet
(-14 al.-,L(LEQ 1 ZIA' in
gate? 4k7(..r:a. $ is. F:
matter
=.4
V 4
kt44'.
if
-r-g--71---.1
.0;' I
.44 ., . - ;._
161-').14.
0. r
_ 7_ - -what 11
4
. V--qemr_
'
V!t,
." -1-P *.' s',;!`. 4:7, 1:7. A -5
/- . - P-1 r4. .04-7
wu willing to assumeof any ohm
thatdesiring a in histo cktain the written ap-
a requi-obtaining a work permit,
this 'step was a 'artgoing to For persons
the requiredand required to it consent
is 6# of usually
of anyage a the &mein an
and
All in mostthose thrOugh
!ding service vested \ip some sw.h as di dean ofgirls, of guklance, class adviser.student desiring a of schedule order totically always ref to the counsidor where togetherthey could . dismiss the advisibility of the. student's taking a kg)that school. Theapplicant's scholastic .was usually checked and "missingmarkai required' in all subjects before considered elig-
early dismissal or a of program.places some a1 was' given to the
of the by the youngstearticular1y if credit was de-I» answer to the as to
prayed school said"yes," 13 it in certain 21 saidtM in the matter, sometbnesto superintendeg wrote the ofdetertninft the suitabil#7 of the work forwas left entirely to parents. In several
Employment Service or other Nace-,
Irran
me wi
consumed Tn
urne of businesswere mnainti
ichools held
with oeunei
those who haHItip nf t
: S
rlrl
i!.
t
i! LI
::4 :iii-
ti
u c'i' an uTmerstazrning
needs.highly organized programiwho acted u liaison oece:
r, it wai usuai1r tn
et:eT&i for *dvfr nn th 4
L:J WJUL1 I LIU UWIL C;-1
I Ltory workers. A
:D!'dTr't:4t every schoc
v-v
'Mkn wasrvr. Th)8 were bMiging th1
proportion of young jobad théir: own jobs, but ncgill receiving iìme ru
veritableplace-
L1
aeh
! UI wa iO
i
rl
and from some of the correspondence with others, it would ¡minthat "approval" of jobs by the school various thing& Itmight mean a counselor's saying "yes" to a student's requestout any real knowledge of what the prospoxtive job involveli, exceptwhat the student himself told him or what he knew about the em-ployer from reputation ; or it might mean that a favorable decisionhad been made only after careful consideration of the suitabilityof the job for the particular individual, a conclusion based on (1)first-hand Imow ledge of environment and working conditions ob-tained through personal visits by a school counselor or coordinatoron the employer in question (2) of thestudent's interests, abilities, and
In schools where there were withregularly employed coordinators be-tween the schools and one of thwepersons that an applicant was ofjob that was most suitable. In fact in some school programs itwas a rule that the counselor would clear with the coordinatorbefore givtng any to a student on his work program. In
the school and study schedule, howevir, the counselorresponsible.
Plac.m.ntThe placing of students on part-time jcks during the war years
of the time of school counselors in many cities, ae-cording to all In some of the larger school system the volehad become so large that raular placement offices
As a resource for part-time youth labor thefirst place. As enployers imeame better aNuahlted
in the tehoola callingalready sent
wasment (Ace before the elms of
In the late fall of 1945 the wasthe students clamoring for whoplatAirient ofrx*s daily. A largo seekershaa previously been able theyneeded help. The schools were from.enployers for student kbor, but they were prbicipally fore workIn stores, amusements, and private homes.
In 8 bf the cities visited, and in several others sending writtalreports, the whool placement oft) was run in &sewith the Unital States Bmployment theresman bawl= two acea on ail plamnents. Sometimestbe Ithated Mates ihrvitte ban& (Om lit tit,
IEW*En-
to in--
_
ff I Le 421-
Wiax BOMA!'V 1=-"-V--=4,-V 1-ri
11-1WP,
In1E,E
A
c A
ireiatonatu"pgrea
FEEEE
people weretra
extent,w.hur--00 AjA,F
V V
WTh&e cwrdinators were em oand-mork programs the placing
onw E g-71-a------ --_ important function&
city
E
LU
A
when
tLWI
placement,A It
Q TI *11- I.TE;#
t
A 1 -I Wft4 cooperative
but
U*tALO.==-- I 411 -t
'employ-
Audents in suirs=Thee had nr
_ and approve the working conditionsquesting stucent labor. Tins' meant ehecKinw or theto be hazards involved,ormed. how vi
_ 11 fans an;z moral environment, and thwith the emvioy
have M=1.L
.1ks-...E... -.',. .a-= --a.-
.wne4-1
with emplo,
nti 1 values.rr
reports submitted by letter,iìiid through
E C41V V Tr=f out
conditio
MtOthfor par A
n:_
.n ToledQ
E,__. E
it*IA
work,I2
inV
pay, 1of agreementswork prove=
alsowould qeem
A
40._ E v**
V=E in.* gvg
u, nder whichZva.
g A _ &ring nerify
ts
fr-om those ob-
employerfew
gro .qbit.=
students would be released
ZY .nnthe:.eV I
under
example,_ Vvemnr__ departmentimu
nnel nmnrera of thechecked over the whole*orrisstudents and
E
E
CO
CIA_ 1 E
hours. Informal under-.Awrit n- ..nts, Several
eaceS Witt rcz-rir-Lantaer
4kom", A.!.r--- --_
V
tarierdent
E
with infornia fte ri
E 6,
A'WA- g_ A
=
situation.sorts on the
n turn,annty of
eithwere doing. If a studen
g iMPlaV
LE,
iwa.=A%A
.4,
em.of jo
furnisA,- e employerswork the studentshis work certificate
was likely to be revoked. Largely Lftrough the efforts fl these per-monad managers, this superintendent said, many hundreds of du-dents who had beta working in the summer on full-time certificateswore t biiik to high school in the fall of 1944. On the other
em --vase lane numbers of students working for privateindhsiduals -ffltd mall industrial plants in the city where coopera=
were not so amity made. Over such work thereOte schooL
tivewas or n rAgitra.
th a- _ of an wad.=aat
Iwospecial r
forwas only for placement
school Wee!vice for
71, VAC ni public-4 ) il Z:LT
--t ( !_.itiA4 .rz' _.!_ii 4. ..withit the o r -'t ='- 1' I fzed ;,=_:1oo1 ,
of jo wasusually al
placestype of work
i* 43 his ;4,-----, in adesigned
L
visits, that only aLi withthe
were more e $
that'ups pr
ch students od
held
le
of galamet i tb
çf LtIe city andemployment The
:-evs-,11-4
field
--- .
r. 11.efA 17 -"
# ix.-11
-'41-1 i -A
..- mew=-
..'.' . ...'- -, , .. "-t--,
,... , -,-, "1,1 . . .1.. I ,,,i .., -"..., ..,- .,,,
--t- f.." - .f_. . --i .! -*L= ..2--'' ,
-.1.1E- ,4., 40 Th,-
_!--._ ,..._,,, .t. :1. -'. ...__ 1-
.#-T7 4.*., -4, ..¡*1t ii"?'" .le-? ,,:t, ___.1 -', 8 7 A,.1 .t. - -# - ., ,..., ' i-L i-i...
,7 lz..,._ ,fki 1..A . 4" a- . -, - ,i..,-. :t. 4 .. ..4, .,....!: t . i ,
.7 -0,.-t 1'-.%' _i-` , -4- 4. 1 N l&-'
Washyrr- . r.
7
treT!!
t,
Z,`
.20
1-= w,+
.,.}
t_ Pit t
.
. T
- - "Nthg-
.,,t
:}44-.1-.,L`:.--,01
_
-A-rt
high schools &blot
theoffered the only specialized
to any athe
re-,
From the'Aria
schoolsregarding,to them for pfxt-timestandings thanschools reportbdtives of industry and business then statements
be made.
torthe a
furnished the school with thehad, the schools,
the schoolfailed in
hand,
seresmatsMs by
furnishesAO that wan reached Ow
4t
reaufr
w -*w ¿M V
iiients cf the law W:priedui'e for ¡ndjc
was the obtaining ofState law required t
were iMu through t
as at the central oßeintral odli Not v
had nv boen ,ork:.:
ielor was informed awork permit or h!d str;
In q:ïIoyeï-8 UTOflhISe
om school. Furtheuiì
g on the nt' employmentJ ? w wwuy: ua
h= j without the inionew work permit cuiarhtatterL That such thhi did' and otiier,officials in nior.
iy found throuworking on aioor&á tiir
À kt
t:
a 'a;-y, definite
.p, that
LUV5y, %vc;
of
), Utah; aï
Fi Sth±f
(Lt ir uì
ta and oerti&k:iïeu weHIsa Ly atthi
followed,principal or c:JUn
had thtained theI he had r%:Tt
forvvtiui
rwei!YmuIN1te&ony c4
Thumpions
t)-
of school officials with representative employers to work out plansfor a back-to-school drive and fpr cooperation in the matter of part-time employment of high-school boys and girls. It was agreed, in-formally, that thaw business meerns, in return for the school'sefforts to adjust pupil programs to permit work, would limit stu-dent employment to not more than 4 hours a day, or to such anamount that the combined school and work day would not exc&xl8 hours.
us. o work pormits under child-labor lawsOteerveation of practical in school oiìcea in connection with thecarrying out of the provisions ot State and Federal child-labor
laws was limited to those in cities actually visited.In 6 of the 9 States included in this part of the
permits are required by law for minors under 18 years age.These States are California, Indiana, New Jersey,Wisconsin. Eight of the 12 cities visited were inWork permits, or their equivalent in a school-kaving mrtifkate,are required for minors under 16 in the other 3 States (Connftti-cut, Missouri, and Tennessee) where 1 city in each $tate wasvisiteti. In 2 of these States (Connecticut and Tennessee) agecertificata; are for those 16 and 18 ; in Missouri,age certificatas are issued on request, but are not mandatory, forminors 16 and over.
city appearell sensitive to the require-work permits. Part of the expected
in a school-and-work program of any typea work permit, or a certifleAte age,
Sometimm thevarious school
; sometim6 'they werewhen the latter method was
out so that the schoolto whether the student
on the ja forof employment when he release
system for clunk-status at intervab throughcatthe there the stucknt might change
approval and without getting. aIf the
hqpsia WaS thet baa ow cozitxtingthe interviers with stwients that weftwithout permits, as, ez.ampk,
A
Ifin
rei
i4
wor lawL
IøvriIWc
Compliance
IWIW tUL17, .
were: (1) t
the opera
otm *th
tç k
;-I s :
NuIa
,
II-t
mi
17 between tne wQ 1VLW
4 thr n rict1ng tniri&ywork= Jn$oft11it fh ct tii1v and w
UI"I
ORK
a 15-yearsold boy who wig employed as nailer in a washboard faca.
tory--onployment that is illegal under the law of the State wherehe resided so well as under the child-labor provisions of the FairLabor Standards Act.
Pupil personnel cards, which most counselors maintained forready referent*, usually had a place for noting date of issuanceof work permit and extra space for comments, for example, changes
in jobs. On the card used in one of the schools visited the studentwas asked to sign a statement to the effect that he would notifythe counselor "by the end of the next school day" if he quit orwas let out of his job. In the course of the visit a boy cams intothe office and on being questioned spix)ut his work said that hehad quit the j(k) for which he was certificattxI some time previously.His anployer had not returned the permit, so the counselor wasunaware of the situation. In the meantime the boy had been
during when he was excused from school for work.This school had evidently endeavored to throw about its employed
students all posaible protections, seeing to the legalityof the work, but the counselor because of an overloadedteaching schedule and lack of assistance, to give sufficienttime to follow-up of employed students and to put into operationsome of the techniques almody devised for safeguarding theirinterwts.
Failure to get new work permita when needed, however, was saidto be less common among the lxvs and girls who Were participatingin the school-and-work programs, partictgaily those working forcredit, than among working only ouiside of school hours who
to few if any checks from the schwi counselor's office.
State visited time handling school-and-work programsattanpted to comply with the work permit provisions of the child-
with legal and other standards. themost importantlactors in the setting of any limits to hours onj451:--4 job that almost invariably comptted with school activities,
recreation for the student's attention and energyhour provisions of the State child-labor law ; and
(2) of a plan that apportioned a definite number ofwkool and to work, for example, the 44 plan which
iihourlawn number of bows
such restrictionilimits to hours
:
i
p9_ PROGRAMS,
:
O=T wor for minors regardless cf school attndnee in1y in '1aiií=c;!rn:, however 1c)tS the law trtin eoin1;ined 1c:urs c'í schooland :or:c ,ri1: up to -i yews of age : here the combined }:ic;urs are
t1ci ner cIav In FV: Jersey tter: is law8imliar :zr tflfl
under 16. JI' Ohio m1id hours cf scho&: pj flh1flÇIÌ1ß
iÄV AlthoughULÀt £*i C 444LLtt j Y ¿1 tLL7 in j_;i ¿LIL. 'z
c1ci imt limit th c:z±iiied hours school and :rirk it prohibits1ì1iT1C'i8 1 frt)In elflflcivmeflt for incre than 24 hour: iveek.
There is no question that e legaI restricticn on ;Ortin: !ìoursof cht:x-)1 bc'vs and ii1sIud a salutary effect v:hen applied t schooI
=- : programs. Li != . ynave arisen 4j-- UtUI% to 3flUliijf "school" t:fli I3i UIOS4? %tflìt) excused for Durixs of vcir1c fìt-xn part of their iicitmiil school daq, a day thatvaria fQfl1 less t± 5 tc more ilia t3 hours iii different schools.
. i--- .- j - - - cities ¿e-,,4 , _iIn ;;- t i i "i rì= t ti1 it- - . - w - -
':t-Y%.
= ;_ ,¿=__ Uii 1F- -!kt=-L=
e:ther a 1 roríirt which nieant hours in school and 4 Im'urst --
/
at work. The ìecjjon between the çj ;rj ot =rni ,
made according te the individual's crioo1 Iidn1e }ìi rEnîric1
and what he v:as physically tca undertake. There ned tA
!::e Do U)1IfOÌjìi 1 regard to inclusion lunch timepractice c: ands
time Jeqe-3t! classes as iUk)1 tJm ill OI1 flire tfle-CflOOI
school t1ry extiidea over i½ ours (troni :L1J t-ITL to ':-i' imj,time in scho was ck;ried ¡;r rtim1 }w!:n inand nthìtites c1&zesFor instance, 1 class p&cd cf E&' Fnimzt tach 3:$) inimt aIto
!1he::were=c:cnlg z91 F1Çfl1
Er!la;:weJ1L t41 CHUUi A1 U&Y, aflU was 1H1LU U work 1UU1TL UU RIovera11 time at stho and t:cik was really noura On neother t
=---hand - students werebLUfl1¶ j
ii - Jiz noon, thaiI
at the end of the fourth »erj&1. were considered u hvin spent4 tiCUrg in schtDc, a1thoih LCt1iy a little short of it both n classtime and --
ni¶1 i -
allowedoseì-au time, ani tflr W ark only 4}fflF Ud such CIìCU1flRtaflf Will) on the !-4 plan mièiìthM7e a ahcrtFr o-verall dv thii those oti the 5-3 iii certaüìother &riooIa, however, 5 uiours in schc- meant 5 hour actuallyOìithegroun4=. and dWi:iI w atnroveó oithi tör jabs cil11(JLJjM CI!
,
in the o-ther : nipyjffri,içd (v Jv Ohic and SYis-consin;). it as
?"children under 16 that cere affected they
comprised a reIaivei RÎr1*ll ercenta of &uaent m scncanawork programs in !4ewark and Toledo, and PCtIU811Y iwtie inEsst Or&nge and MIin School cmc1LL hi these citi usuallyR_W to It wttui flJjflg n atpf1vh Jobs fcr such vounw stijdt
tìI
;!gfr
le
limitedwon far,
water a
ork
---are
; ioLoureprogram
have
8
Ww
-7
constituting ama et
it()
f 0-=----
4
-=
17,1"r-4"!
L'41z=e,
niIeg #:
8 a
lawof
4work, or a which 5 in and 8
jobable
as a3
91/2
is,
lais.
they would not be expected to work more than 4 houn onschool day, but without
s
-- * :
.-I
not be full 44if iHi +'r-J &4* j(Jv .
-#_,-i In _=__UT! city - -
J=t-i TfiL O%-i.L1Ji ULMW 1U &JVL-L1 L Y iiE:k w
L:i?±_1f prcvliicd-LÀ &L iJj tM-!1!kJJe, nJuw fliJrfliun cu nours O=i. Tc:citLL!the cif IIE! =Ig,nd fj those over 16 as Ç:: flr!Py hii1iitJk
E
the several school offìcea was bindIcaYV ßUC1 stmik;rds iiìto e:rThct Information obtained fimu
t flÏt th some 15YrOkti nimbi, wei bcjj ¡JNTiJfl !St- C'u1E pnø ¡or purposes o1 ejnpjoyment,;:it an adequate check on t.e number c'f hours the;rbe expected to work.
'-iT:Ik the Connecticut, inn ILLL excpuon » It wa States Is=vng 110D%iJ legal ,EÇ of children L.i Lit working hours II------W---- -.--
:a __-=1 -- -------- - were - likely foundbUuei;JL iii 1uniiiiuvtiui iJF:i1TTMT1ì TJ1flT TT- - - - - - - - - --- - - r- .
employed !or an ¡jyïthpy oí hours. J strict 4-4hereT' Wt;L V- t4J j1 jLIL4fl[ tiUI11I II(J -»JJ -LUUeiU; 01 AQ
Observations-
eitte&-- inyears and over were
ft 2 I of tre cities visited te lealschx!-=&ndwork prn-wïm was: operated CîiecretiCliy Øfl a 4-4 allot5;=3 basis, with the idea that the combined school and ork cmv
80u:! This!iLJ %,- LL $Iiu it WI OVt1U-" UI iW3flUWCirÄ
hours. However, a first4ií1iti review f C' vor permits of students working on tinip in thc- f1 1f I °-1F1
t::t :work Ju 1'1U U ItGUTh ut iiiu=i ut i1nn unschool days, Ê
- than would: half t i a percent) have-- - - - --- - ,rt1TT1hi?t:w4 week rdL 4Qmore t41I1 Ê*ti 1!:(,fJ=' the - - .--n -- v- - i - ---r __ A st g s # t na & E 'r Sa r na = W - _= n = E fl rW __ __ fl fl morewiiA -jI& yyn. -tU iIi i!=iiii I1II fltii- - - --- -- - - vw -_=
length the -- - = - - g the -:p:JH1cauy ui comcnncii WA IOÌ¿t -
-=
_1 --_ =_=-=-_-. - = -_- E3 ¿ I L.g=-
=1_ - - _ - -= FI E; =- w =-w - w -_- - - -. = - -- - -- w y =--- r-- L L e
-- __L ._-_ :Ja-I
' I T'I Bcrt_= weekly i-1-; Ott
and %Bark i i J
Number i ---=4 tY__t_¿
i -=- i --i ¿
- - - __t ----- -:--------- - __._.___.__E._____._f:_._. I -Ia
-.ò -I -TJ ,. 4 .
__I_ _ ___ I I -_:____ _ __E__& r--- , . _______ _
I Jíi I 2I î AE
;& w- _I.-.____ t - w -z--
--- -b-- 1 Ç7 i IiO-:f j 4L_E-----! I 14 1 7 R IOver 41 thIE -tr-I: s; U.î 41 ALS i jOver 48 anion* --! 2 4SO UI / I
OT U thr S u 10,0 I i ho 4 AI------- ---- ! j I =e
-=- I!z -=-.-- =-===r-=j w
(:==:-
- ---- i ; I-- ------- --------- __E_E1 i I a
a
1
-- -- - L_ _
rtt±iii! P±flOther cif the eiti visit it that counsori, aifar !! gibIe, l'eid to the Mandd of not more than 4 hours or
T . .
: :j
complied-*Ppy
put in' c.-)1233ond th...t%m!lw tha 4
zt wello -a-too i ¡Al in
Att
indicatedM:11 l."- tat4 ,
would
plan
employed.
undoubtedlya boys
more ofor -1J-
school-and-work
studentsshowed
moreindu
,.
e I '
° k_
I
'UM
Girlsm±04.....incemollms
I
Imo
1111
t. -
r. r*t
s-
.k
the stand-
operation standards
a
but
*xcessive
should not exceed proteete4
than one-fourth these 'were
a
school
18 hours orthrough
$8 through
I lei
4.$9.1 9.4
ST.1$s
SS
COMM
411111110
was
12
r:- -r--- m----
.
-- JAH44W3 PAMwork in 'nbimmcn with 4 hours of &hcvL Lack o=: 1ra1 re
stramts on wor:ing hours of sthc-oI children and :jí u
foiIow-up on Dart cf the school mad Wììcuk to= Lii ix U
standard at all tmes. An example cf Ioi Imtirs iicted ü
the ciq=se of a 1&eiirEoId bo in the junior grade. }uis school his
kiry card hOwd hm working from 3=5 to S8 hour' a w'k: aa a
stock boy in a food FL!e, He was excused írom school t the end
of the - _._j t__ - C! forluiri CU(RR ¡LIfl1 iflQ 1=Jr1ÁI vu-i .
2 :3O On the first 4 1ds of the vee1c 1* :cr1;ed imti1 9 p.m.; on
I::U were wn over Jj WiK. possibly imica a5= -4 --.---
-_,
-i
--
F = k. - - 4 -
--- freshman '= L:1 -i
==r4 -
,-==E ¡ri hours'- =- ' ___±_
z __ - -'- Â I' on = - i J C II #
__; -% w- f
£ L L - a J fl ti = J- . ' a
- - - - -J:4;
-- - - ___ a -- .- office, or - - 18tiqv !-;: (iiiHi4- Et! r 1H t:tJ% it 1 M ZIILMI ti---- --- -- =- = -
4 -I
- students = -
.- %r--- -= Fiu T'-, '
4
' i at -. T='-
ill__i__ to __k her __t_
J(Jt), -1Ut:
-- - I _-_ Î on time, =WtJ1 W L1 U1UtI ICi ='= i*v* % .t
i11i- A Her- - - 4 ?- i i period t ----.=-g the F i her L' K_
' tAJY- =-- ..Ä -k '
comiined weekly hours of schcci awl vvc'rk t*ere about 48- -ru
Tfl she was said to carry without :parent }tïu to her health.
her hour were more tan tJose ci:! the boy citedhnyp-
flf fttÇ i!
not whoIv Zn the eveinng was not tmeoinmoi with ant c:zi&:I1an(icork jrcgrarn& In fact, &ine of the mot conimonh:
meld :ic'bs in San Tiïr,id in \enturawtre eveithig ones with the
te'epflone ::)rnPnY IdIfh8CÌ1Oc! fl: WOr:e=z1 $ operators oi
îifl!JF j1fl[ t=: 4 t'= ; p.m., to t? i!1L, or b to ii' ¡UFL. UfldXct=íifl1 niirit Hu schools nri; fii company., -- : : 4 ' between e
i I_ v tfr'J to 10 't-= tL; T1fY usual u=-
LiliIThe L L t L%# L4= i U
¡11 theaters of these cities ino-r üftiiì t1iiii it cirked thth c'r
-rn
L J, J_ _=4 = t - , 'r- i_ i%__==L _-F
--:p.m. =- =-&_ w J =-ì
penults tt(1fljViEt!iL (Ji- LLZ1ii(J! i4 and Uiiflt!Y 1 1iiLii IJe p.m. IVPTit- r " ' e C r =-- --e =
-' er-
_! _ i.t t i!1 not been '- - , ;-i = r = -= - r
-- --itiii -i; :i!k 'I i: tti zi
-= J '-r = :: w =-
p school '------- -- Ä__ _ the afternoon,arter CJS1fl tune iu sant flQflfl taiBon trie hU)o1anivffli plan were excus1 e*=riy that theirmbined hours at sthz1 iid at work 'c'uid not exu:* thø
gari under the stt Lw.In gener*L ii Etates bOVS u!Ider is;- ansi i5
could not iegan' rw:T eD13y 81t& t 3r i p.m., tilennite rorts
were me tos thM stuita d?fl1 to partJci=uate ifl4!L=
i±L
prijr*in, did not tØs jo thit would b.
11E_: ------.- i ±t LLiI
Friday he quit t o .4. ri iie ==4"K around thef 9 Lis to p. with some Ina off for immtidA --r;=fs---,Fount
r. Coine. hours o* school And work for thisper
girl of?a and
'me
I
I. '=.-
= _
_
,;
of 1
Nil tt jobs ftLI 2 evi-niD
r
A
was
diswho sometimes waft night
A
Chikl 'ft7e o La -tsa.
'IC--17 ,----F
...,, ce-
--...---,..._ -..--7.4 1:51-
.e"kt
4
-100114
:4 4 CM
. =
=,
- iF
_
a 4.f 4
r
itwas
6 p.m., dock9 the
probablyu 65.
aSatur-
for if
Surely reasonable
work.---Employment
5
86 soda
in drug stores, and among othersat The law
so8,
chiklaplaborwhere
WI* to difr
¿L ifrwiiu-mu Il
*iI :OiPJth In -----
individualamounts,
s-
E
:1
EWHOOL-AND-WORK PROGRAMS
rnand 1atr hours. On the other hand in a number of places war-time relaxations had bmi granted by State labor cominiasionerswhich pennitUNI some departures from the provisions of the lawin regard to young worker& It was found hard to go back at onm,after the war, to the more strict standards, so instances were stillfound in the fall of 1945 where special privileges had been extemiedto some of these students to work beyond the legal time for theirages.
It was remarked by a school principal in an eastern 6ty thatstudents who had jobs were apt to work longer hours than theysigmed up for when getting their permits. During the war, atleast, many establishments asked employees to work longer forovertime pay, and it was a real temptation to part-time studentworkers to stay on. evenings in order to get this extra pay.
One of the common part-time jobs held by the students in amiddle western city was an evening one with a factory that requiredmiscellaneous clerical hel4p. These students worked from 5 until9 on 4 school days a week and 4 or 8 hours on Saturn*. Fridaynight was purposely left free so that the many student workemwould have a chance to enjoy the various school social activitiesthaf were usually held on that evening. Employment at these hourswas legal in this State for all 16 and over, and none were employedunlem they were 16. Comments as to the adverse effLict on tlehealtb of some of the students employed in these night jobs weremikde by the school numea in two of the schools visited. Both spokeof the bad eating habits occasioned by the hours of work. In orderto be on the job at 5 o'clock these students had to leave horae beforethe family dinner hour. Too many of them, one nurse said, juststoppe4 at a hot dog or hamburger stand and ate in a hurry, some-times topping off with an ice cream cone, or eating only ice creamuntil they got home at 9 :SO or 10, w*.n they had another snack,if not a regular meal.
Suporvision on the lob
One of the objectivestin the study was to ascertain haw and towhat extent the schools assumexi for follosiiing upindividual students who were allowed to use some of their normalschool time for work. Information on the matter of supervisionor follow up of the students while working on the jobwas obtained, in varying from more than 100 of the citiesand towns included in the study. In approxinlately one4hird of
attempt was made to follow up the part4imeworkers; in another third some degree of supervision was exer-
of the workers, or at least over certain groupsindustrim; b still another third of the swift
7-' .I,
PRÁ3-- ! t t ; stated iTr1!rrt;: StTUWI !t Thív d!1 supervise nfl--- - - - - - - - '-y p, jw__ - i iV i= i ' t- ! p- r- i 1 for -r- -_ P=- =i.aîa iI halft .g-=- _ 1a Er=.a E F e- E E E t 3 early flE E 5E* - '- - -# . T A % AA ¿ ìW
of the rr !_=-=i than Ç'
-;hîy14flY
t1=t!yv 1r
Ti cf: th=?ir Pf::ns :ir If hirthez contact could:w ii_1 flì!pçY tAj tht (Ut-Li4Jfl uces uu cnc» ±cv upthe % --
while he g te iob t ia
that sorni oÍ thes would have :iien :ntc. the ci&& oÍ those giving
a limited amount of supervision.1T none 01 tbe 12 cities isitt: were the school aiti=orti;= givn
morT than partial sjervisiofl over th :i:41 exnece- of their
reek, students. In 3 c:tie&.-Ne!i:ark and Ki:oxville
no organized attempt was niade at bez=uze t&f w not
provided for Sufkz extra work.
Tcrrion. where a 4-4 prn wa-underke: with thiIU1I npji tj Lt=-i
C:dTV1Ç selected and_J t -, t- '. LI carefully L
nient was wi y 'Jp c:unIcr 1:c' headediì whole nw1rr1ìTT. it-ii t-%L==i.
, __i i -t=_'-= LiL ML iL
to aec that thc- P:iT did fl)t c'vert1c and that U3 &diC1i
M}=-i - -nrr- did ;i? =- iL& than -;y )
'.tw=t
L W iLVjjJ ¡ii U-4J iL=4UtJII 'JU
uc&:ioJ vnue was ber derived1tjjiI wut zwuct-
Y==____ t tiii u:ie e" ei=y scntxi it) or i! grL* fJVf1 tJV c1i1TfF
ent =a____ ---- i - ATU_I=i t=-
IJI
-#4 --- t - _____i_ - S- __ ______i -i =- = : small t-w- -
--- of S__ - - --- -- --- ---_I - :iS - W - # =- = =- S-- ---_ S-
t- '-J =w %.# jf
S
at an =Iiii1 v:x1s manufacturing company. were a iw of ILR
ctUttflie 5fljT:-L woven who twl some gur-iEIui'. Th girlsIn the rT=tI L!ILPWH1 were wiverì peciíic training under iplan jc'ii:v by the school and the thr u:c=iDerstin storm.
": were crefull)T pdiked tc b-;egi: th ;eruir trtn w
watriiei ti:v sti3:e &nt:1 rejx:'rted on twice a rear the personneldirector The report forrn. draws tz 1w the uiduice dLrtor of
the school called for rjperq tf exceI1ent. wccidL ffr O!
a%1!J q= appearance, cc«;=peration. industry. initiative, rpciSiti-y, response f1fl17 Ett!id1flC. iiui punctuality. Uil
some of the -
UMirTAtTJ w35 wIi 1l1J&j Wltfl
. - -
observations the----- _i 5=5Â_= .1 theirfl*:ipiU '-"= J1!flf!TflJ nr{1
ability 4 a=pruH TheUY Lue LI:iJijW. 9'flÌflt1Cf tM'3t&Tfl ¡Oi
'wasqussveI1 h:=V bi t1itE nft
noons Oj only 'i rciit:n i (T-.}? ceiìj FftW3FV1 ic,r cr3nT:rwIlcz;4k their teachers. subjects t
u L 1IA!I w I Ji iii were 7!U
he a: flt HI CF t4flWtì 1tti th
wy_ -or 8u:irvI8o=r _t tn pitit ïÌie flRiflh11 50 ör &;=
¡ng btudent vhc were cud frin the 'e high 4_j -i_ =i!f: ;--i::=%-w= = ___&__ -S- ==
nH(XlileA.NDu,W01-41-4
number, ItaLk- 4,2,4
fo111:-#- --tta.the communities from whicji onL
student working on L*k:
Toledo,follow up,
Incooperation of
u-
closely vocationalis was
physically
job that maximum
-tse,
r selling
t
selling=r-
t-:-utcr;A
the 0»,-;
ot,__
tospace for ftiptImen
on Tgrn-
V$01"`
*de_
,
_
-
Ule
any
with a "yea"
industry Stat-each after
)
and seethe
a
girls
such
supervised. Thedays,
guidance the sehnolwork.-
early
-
rir
Sc H oOfrANDwöRK FROG-RAM-5
t1ni1nrA
th_
mu
A
_z_E
r«i nt ==a,=
_
tcha
a
=
-A =
Teak
La-
f
work sal! a It
krA £ A of WC A
r a acnc any
-t--% -=s.a=
_ E. = o -=£-=
tooA
4- ts
= -
W 4 4ktii2- W.-
=
ii i
gI I
- tt = V
s
1===.--F.
t
;-=
VLi
=44
E
Aof
the tA'
and 9
rp y renA
=4- I rTi
zerstudents Ar,
I A.
=_ k
174 1-4 a ance
time.
their
student;rom ernpl
IT- finriation==s. The empi-
workof other
positionn tnr a
cities counselors "a
4-a -a the
t- A
=_
-
,y c-s_t,
AA, t
--.
--1=-1v- there_
iriey seldom visited employenand girls
that atudent did notworth to be saintitutez formade to nave the
Aft to wilt
o wBE actual!,
tile rna
-Tri7-1
tt 1 ETMu, Lmfl
pLa=
responsible for
ar-Soak-
:Tyr-1
day
uer(=!-al the
long hours ,v.,--- a! tasks ofool. Telephondoubt tah
ana ¡or _nc-A
o
w.e7M
ere indispen-_ular, who fre-'
and thus be-L- lams of
-7t
M
A
kf,
thesup: to .L.)e kept up to trz level ir
6 nn after going to -41ork otter thantiletTilLt anti the check on
wer/?, of earky
irk,
-rise-7--A'm in one of tz_e visited in Cali-built up with the ttr., upervision on the
; _J:1; wati festui eac High a ri raneegwr trt.poInti 41._,0, tarry this part o th program
as the counseling and pl.-nil features. Th coordinator_ igr
school,student
is on-e school counselor corresponding progress
his ted Any difficulties that-co e, work or any iuttisfseion on tne - o
roveas at worr:
the torr were tit 61 special concern. -.,-rds sortvirit b., employers. The coordinators
;:-.43,24 of t/t schools r1'.,,tif;tte?, however, reported so muutkl,ce t Last outside follo,-&-op of ork-
students practically The meti 0,47TOt
track of Lille workers wall ity F. of reports theW:# -.1c 94 1 RAWL i 0, tame --134,7, ere for over
phone by f.:11 end of In one schoolA
were MI ¡red to mOle reuon ,d of
tytils or 7.t.--4-ru E 1 employ.4bi coordinator's
space fe notations on visits or o contact% writ:: madwi= principally as gal vihen th uwelor
ft7 q)----erty moo. wert relied upon
for t te ot
rizinco*
14-ZA
4:1. ek
sable-7--
. rorn o-, the .school forreleasedBAN school buildings with
thatja.siie one rt45in'gts t*t.
too it44 littlehours an
;;. ,t4-1 with
N.4-
cheas thosemade by scliolar-ship, which was passing the
to retain their dismissal.The cities
fornia had beenan In
'wasas wellwas to theand hisat especially in studies. a
might
of program required regularin all pres-
ing was impossible.
employerscoordinator at the
biweeklyat both school
were kept in each office. These cards provided
used
in
theof his
twosupervising students part
were so ailduti4 of
boY8 on-work
callspurpose of visits.
quently parents as well as 'employers,came Wier 'acluainted with personal needs andhis stActftbs,
1111
111
I M
IIIM
il ri
MII
itItiî
rin
IpIr
III
It n
apîi1
îin
'"
'11
1111
111
1111
""1
""'"
'II
"'"'
I' "
" 11
11 1
11 1
1111
1r
IV
IM
IR
c ' _ * W!Tt Tft ÇJ¿ y
it only studentssome T!;(C was wrn were Uf%9tflY Tr tEY1?In F .
IR- ' - _,__=__= =-¿r----- - the -=-- _i_T r ì ri: (' of iY!- rt w ft i T Ij:
LjA LL i ' . V - F %L L L
ufh theIt is recognized that tQflZj Isome o! tflE:
ence programs were 1x1 ciies and towns not visited. Let=ters aric r-eports from school fficials in these communities, hL)Vever wer- aia1=çze1 for any they li&l tt give in regardto SWeIVIS=1Ofl 01 working stuents
the r1j=i; rjH: ;, +j 4i-:=i1y I1+Practically i L-L3U'Anot w - &-iJcv-1 - (Éfr- A=-Ä w
tjf-71fl aii:i L!i raflcis -Ìictî unig tne cnooi yeara =csen of pTD;hjflt OOrt1=T8WFS VVtO were ii'Z;t0111V a(vi1I1g ;1 fliflLW ni WuO w&fl1 IX,pate i:; SPflIHQV{Ti 13am tnit iDr 13IIO%1fl tiiem ciO8elYafter placement and during their whole period of ernp1oyment= rtof Ivas iva1b- on sehoo) time. At the end of a sprained
evalu-period every lo weeks or every semester the coordinator' athd eacth studet pr3gress on the job as observed 1W hün aiwl
by r-9x:Jrts: rec:iiid regularly inm the FIies- evaivations were basec3. on ratinz of =iic1t characteristics- a regularity,
UflCtii1.JitÇ, bi11t: to Tt1!OW I1StTUCtZIIS; k188 tO tX3 COTrectecL 1DO$SitMfltIeS eictiveiiess as a ;erker :ar
attention was DK1 to tti: characteristics Of Dertcrin&ncew
. ::_ __ ___ . - seeking educational creditiL :11v LLUVÀI Wî
In same other cities the spec1 erviees !3f cor:cj'g veremore or less cc=nfinec to credit Ti: !F7iflflpoij a group ofchildren uiuier ere also cïc=:e1: mrvisedL many of ihM agebtit=g enrollees of ìuniorIi chc1s lifl«i fl3ItjCHflt$ in a SPOCiM
. tyj: of exporathry program. In 1 it was eatfinated:h during the school year a5cnft 70 all pupilin 11ie DrOifflt1 t2Z1 beeui :oflowed up m iome waysif not Iy vkits cf coìinseIor&or otier school representatives, thenby telephone or correspondence. Li smaller cities, and in melarger ouìes, cinMor ere fuent1 iwIoed rin a tart4ime1;aEd8 ; ometins :acuity members; or directhr :if certain voca-tioiiai courses, such g }ie1; of Tvtre exie;:tecI t F:1 tr=c: of t}1e i,art4LMe Wfl10ETS =:T eack :ehL oftenyvitflOUt navil!g desiznatecI tim set arice= 1::tiac zrixme:' (flìe noticeable fea:iir about the kind of frjllew.up gLen m manyfflifliUflI?I38 was triat the emphasis simnel to i- fOcused prin.cipally on tne emp1oy-er' reaction to the ypung person as ' workeTMs was evidenced by the raet that the only foIIowup hi numér.
F cus places consisted mainly in asking àimioyers for reports ontt6nce and ratings on job performance for th 8tUdrnit. In--2=-- t _, . -=- a -r--- - '-w ---i- ----,- - EI _-
nuemploy
probably
information
responsiblefor students
ra_r;
p
,3
which
doyer.
promotionalticultr
pl-;16
i
194445 percent ofachttf._randwwork
cowmen ,; 1
H
Beach, Oakland,
.
. ,
::;
;
-
ò .
,.- .
4
,
13I(.:4) PLAiftheir ren1 to questjon about the ns forfollow Tf17t1íifl 1N5 iÇ: frent1y made of thc 01¡c;hg i11° hI1=! },er8ona}: the suitability c:! thej-b anr cmlij1: that ìi faced iii iep k;= wages, JWiJ ofwork, afety, and the earihw discjpijne of the ic;b While some0 tudent- roìg e brought to 1iit in con-with his they A
?LTWL=-A _-
w -=-_
-
,
upon tJc=c; 4=y the ,ì:I=,'i: rf£4lJL w-
thea WithLu
C1d-hi on sc,'ioIanhI
' A '1 _= - 4
Er given i -v "vLiu: LFL L1U; a LUUtA1L waa
vision i-3' the fithLi)O1 'c=iiile he was on his job lie %%Z almost sureto be diecked m his school recd i;=v the ch& cxmseor coc;rdjnator or cth:r &ejnej officbd. The mjc;rjt=: «ì? tJw
so f1h? recognized th 1T1-+flg of scho1j!-fl7 stiida:rth, even hiring a prfr=VVIIt2II cntside fc':ck8 were
s-troìiI: idIng to break them down thM thTey singkd out this¿m=gi of t}i robiem for special ccnnt The expressedvere mather iniiL-i es= shown in the !!:i}=Ic1ng eceri-ts from };etten cìi officials in ide1y scattered ÌE8:
Th= schools imt place the tudeita or prove their :s mit
c-r ¡jiuii ¡Ii set'ocì the full dav-Lwork, tiouziy affecting b-=jirjTh thdent flWt TIi11tajj hi foier grad In sdco=icIf an q grade hi any c=tie nhf i recejve4 durii one qur.te; the mnfl-ii will I*119t iitm t rt t a fui]1y schoolprogram1Iw ichoc=I wor c=i tue pniii zinst E acce=!taz,I c tne flhViJU4! 18WithdrRWfl4NDUNÄThe pupiI'i grd are check1 at the eiui cf each grade ieriod. andIf t=e is a faili iubj.et the rivilege to leave early la withdrawKw::ytyyw follow VP the 1fldiMuai tiident :d1e he is In the JcJ, to thekijt of checking
od:icall! zee th h is EtUi !:Úrkin!b1flg exeugd frui
a$ctiIy=Ngw JUMPY
Iur. wo* Ruoijg !SLAN;-
aïiàgerneii caU4 for one zb hail i! a review of hepupils' g&d= every rE-=ç0=
Similar staents of 1fr in reference to cccfri c=ì ach,hip id requiring a certn staiidgi1 to- hé maintained =,ey madeby various school cia1 in the cit vrìcrre vjft n
in one city a was supposed
Jf. r
'!
t- I 41 t L. 4 .
10 I school's. necessityworker's welfare,
a worker' might*el counsel() could not
i_;7, been at employmenttalks um o_ier.
=Awe
mainta!icixCT
views
.
they check Oft t -1-4 "7--=--te EDMat-It
, _
s in their school work
tHi 4-64
law
=:4
if the
t)a----c-ionAf and tea his school work ie
Th..1. 1,-4-*
..
G6NKIlt"''. .... f ..7[ not A:0477 ,..2 __.._ _!_-_H
_vp tke k ri A _Iriftal
--_- !,_:t/ ._ 7_11 4 _-_-=it____e.
.
--A- '- ..r1OBid,_---_ , .1,1=----,=_ -ii . t- A'r-.
-4--:' h ill Fa t.-_ released for
.
_
.
f f_
4
,I a ",
- _
t
4
be
schoolpeople
local
doto they
see
the work will be mnftlied..--CAurmNIA
whilebeing kept up
that up in he is
$.41Fil1
were Onte other hand, to
twrm
Im
umll
1110
6111
1111
1M11
1111
1UN
IIM11
1111
.1M
1111
11M
IIIM
MIIH
1111
1111
1111
111N
li
I
LZI)jII
JI
nl
approached.
tT5U1rs, the
iraMp marks%
t-- LU LJUV iLy It
? :4 f)O tudenth whaI I =Tt:uu1L:1 no
to work.r:rticua
tI-ronu úte j
), partq because ther=;e=ai:*- du tcassistant principal ii
ords showed a1tartme workers auf
refuse release for
The placementw$ a dire relation
etention of interest in
7 , #i L%A --,york U1
i&i soon ;wirefell aeenrdin.4v
officials ¡n another part of the country whereaaes v&re erïnitted oilier nthre definitely o=rganiz
mi the job am1 in sc}ioàI as =ectur of m;anee Results of surveys there ;ere most favorable;o the maintainance of sciwiarahip itandards by studentimdwork programs.
teiàHnci wtrk M Hi. adutMrJ
:
t
school-
al
.
s
_) .4,
601M,
¡As, yet were allowed onthere wr Att would _it have failedthey were not gizdious i th came from -tomwere difficult where moneyw in thJ ir to theredents to keep up to tie
in several conmunLih . from ly lenz-
n *-f41)11,W_-7 Or
raseWore An to work a trfa7-*:counselor who made the cocecti ï
working from 6 to U motheir before and In
city Ancipal axeli_ei school etul.7;},hi opinion that work 6d
studentsIS .,;
.
where-.At, for wr
incentive for
,=
made of theon -ptime A
tol
lay
were more 07)
si aUtoisier off this (406
clout
-4,1
warchuli marks
ter-41'Hey toployment lavw wcounselor i feltthis t therer r eik7-4
esu &umber of 13[4_ wo I- the
starer if h ..vo Mil 4 srschool. If the dent worked
important school dWe these
a
seam offowl in th
7,:A*=_
twere h ,----_,-----'-...--,
in
scrul.siiftta
I,
st V-1. ,'=-01! 0 il ,,,,rz_il and-i---- ----- --- --- e - -------
..4: _t1 ''-- r-4-4171Y 41 ) l.- ,-----,...--- _,7_
i . .-
=''--!: ---- ,,,,,.......46,4:16.-, --L"II
ay , k
carpf
and 4- "- .
r ,
tA t.aJA
.= --"1.-- , yTr"'----7 i -`-t-----:----'-` 77:*--oivr -..;,,.-7.--z -. W.I.cipe-A -.-..t. - t
.. , i.
t A_
&" .1-" 4+:
-"to
-1
& . VA',. : *, ;;;'- .1,.... et, ill
r. .4-t -;47. '- t
0.. ,,,f- -,&_, _1_,..r,,-.*. ,
e-,
k8CHOOL-AND-WORK
be a requisite to such parttime employment, the boys mdthat 22 of 38 released boys were then failinz in more sub-
to remain the program. The reactionthey anyway because
tand was No
given less stu-mark
both among those visittA thmstudies had school prog-
work prowrams, marksmonths
had beenchange in marks after
same the inaffect
abnces the workingand from The
still schwl said thatexception that the
fered. It this principal'suntil a failing
nme school
2 notmore
than theoppopite to made by
school' re-with
supervision
in
program
The school control over part-time work programs, ascourse of Ole survey, usually meant supertision to make
the program operate smoothly and to the advaptage of the stu-dent in his school and work rektions. Control was largelyconcerned with such nutters m counftling, &cement,
work and at school, .and swans in bothried out through visits to places of win*, ontons
triT
b11
1911
1111
1,'1
111
I41
1111
l11
= thenot amomior.r L7=COO =
classroomhelp tftchersa _
E 1 AA a.
a .a a0- bbb
-
a
erA_
a 0
A
A_ r-r77-_--
M
ular,
a a_
AL-M-= advantage
-=a= _ 1
W
extensivelyV I V v=
a_11
A a *=___ . = ---... - _ :---- -_-_ a a a . = a a a s t
a,---- a =a-- " = --.-a---== =s- '-'-- .M = -= --e a =
Puppupilox
eepri-a---
-an by draw.*is a remote
vehicle forrtwram can be aa }1.,--- a ,--... ---_ - _-__ -., a a_-__- + _
r aa -_-_-----_-z-- : g .m. v _,.._ ff,-. ,_ ,_._= 7-=_ _ _ -.--- --.:-,-.-.- ...-----,---_ - a
In
Nave - = -- a -.- -==
= -*
g _
a k E -
aout the apoind 1
_ff* a a w
r
Ino ;---===
a
workfrom
intresd=fr
a'AM_a = , 1 - ._,_ _': m. m-*.--= 5 L._
-_- .. -__F-a,.-- ,-.-
A A Anarm VA Win-, TT
_
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arnpkwer. Rewt_vear
a I
IllsA_ _V-R
2 teU3 m, a n a:7
_-_
am this official
a -
- Ea a .
a A ga-a6 g
g = =
1 a Va=
W-
FH 11 1p n I w V
committee
_ = A=- to
g
committee on evaluatingtion, hsk2
ways of interesting tedstudy pstuderi
_are - -
via =a a.a.
a and industry se theIN e t peri
4
153_ enabling
_
stud- nts to use inW-E=
f ffr
=:-L=
the
f 1
aft- 1* m- *_-A
aM
and
*01
subject.samples
school, Mnd
A= - . -.- - - a -- . . - a - -_.-1- ---LM
wa
MOW ui.en
6 6 Oa& 6 I 6 Aga=
1 aw
statement
M Ma-a.a a
'ff
AOwER: ff aa=V
- _ _ .==. a_ -=M aa WM *
e
Af0
0'.
It(
.1
(,
hT
:
,
,-l. _4kJ,ie ,
*25eitieDa,. in ,.*-42.* 4.4
, Ina (111,_de: &fun
iz workon roghw I oz Otte
w
e
otmc4k-y, 4rft
7
0 er&AO; E;_a
use manipulative
_
-_= ""'
,
ng=
W.1
=
experiences fo kr.dbWde t_r* their ileton. Po
exam-
i ii-i S upon out-of-.
concep.. wOrk e.r.
th ho_school dal asi
_fte
Do teachers lavastanding relating 4he
works ?Do
1- 0 following't...
_ of instmetles
Anothe admit
00J MaolorriT
IPM0
-4.
=
4VICI_ ' X-S
whichwork t* -_i
;
of
vahn.s
- a
to
fr-44
under-
working
itT
determineVal that Z.-6,07 Ven_" th.
rC;
t?. a
,
ga,
.. 0t-0
School.-
v0
"'` ": 4-
,-
_
"¡I
1 . .'. -
BCROOL-ANDWOM MIXL-UMS
evidence is however, that the whe ulti-about this integraUon work and study
the visiting teacher, the workis an the
problem, therefore,experiencewhether
be usedsocial in English, in mathematics, and in the various
subjects which the workine is taking. Teachers ofsub*A-s have L'e--en somewhat accustomed to
concreteness andmany teachers in the
however, the reinforcementexperience
goodof
One
a swial philosophy is adoluate forand
been the status
teachers status wurity enage succet_sfullythis
pypilthe to getting the
Cooperative supervision by the tostudent in growing in the job and in relaUng his schrA and
wayswork experience.
a of officials, u aand pknning in
been studying the implications work experience andin Part of the group's
was to obtain and list of workand out of from through high
'get teachers to evaluate tkiem from the standpoint ofPk,
A junior high school in Philadelphia the7ftpoint Work Experiepce Is Used- in
to supply tho'gje knowledge which worm*need.
IIÌÌÌU
iWÌÌI
ÌÌÌÌII
IÌÌI
A V=
3.
A rA in the clam
meet on the=
= ;A a making0 0 ---
A 0
7=--=-_-1,---Z_-=7-=ja V
mmtrft are rft-A
.ff
* W." r!--111, 141
-4-ftiVraP4W1_47-
the moon andt A
p --,...-&-______ -0-- ----. _-_--A0r_ = _=
=-0-0 _=
0A am'WV-e
and doing,also in several mo
0 00 a_ 4- 4 4, 42 -
- =.-
g
the exPwricioncc'iicrete
climes
7,
vocations, gli
amakriI I
and what A
such
work, W
ment= --=-
g iEE g.-1
-=====
MpODAS t
W-U on, or in
0.0
may draw umn
health and aiman.4
_
andiAURP4It Who are", E
risks 9_or. e werx vcirk
a _M AME.
In
will
have much hiñsuch nlatte__.,
InA-- V
especialgv
--A apptar that such bits of knowledge aboutworld 'ware even minor elmfm
=f;rai tlie----wieral run of highchoowere Working about na many hours
C=t
-741de
g
_ =
Granting el credit
schoola
stated
==__E
9
=wg
--
yÍ- =0E= =
4- -0-
-0 0 A_ _-=_1== 04.2 g P
4
credit fort'?-W1'0t
4 * - E_
-4a wygg
_4 * =al E. =._0=W** 0==-4
Several_= X
4 A-W W _ w- _
_ 0 0- A- 00 I_
-
=ow0-- - -== - .=.==== - _
yr.=
=VI=EMI=AE=AM=ENES
MEIEEMS.
=MEMIEMEE
SCROCK.r-ANLI-WORK MOGRAMS
. 2. Pupils deiwrib their work others Thus, they becomef=11.ari with many typm of work.Pupils are encouraged to dift-uw, in clw, jireblerns which
job, All join to solve the.
4. Pupils art eogj to join in discussions by citing examples ofthiphrr-s which they have obeervet1 in their own places of ernploym'ent.
E.= 6. Pupils make up a6thmetic probleim of the try. thty need to per-. fonn at work.e=._ 6. When unfavorable from =plovers copcerning_
E.S.°
&urn., pupil, we to find thrau0 confervncesE with the pupil try brine anE.'M
Li_e th, are uLkIn work e. _ Fori. pupils have written a play, dealing with a
siWation, whiel they plan to to premnt in arlLembly.ee ex-Nrience in Iftrning4 and at work,
may be related, general ways. In inproblems, civics, elementary economics, and
; lar subjects, of working students ean con4-1 tribute illustration the study, all students, of
(1) la}:Qr laws imply for young workers inmatters as permits, daily and weelOy hours of work, nightworai's the lal>or move-
ahd social-security programs. In classes in hygiene andcvnnection with class work in vocational
cour, the schools the and needs ofstudents to tftch simple health safety rules that willhe directly uroaful to Uiose be,facing theirclriIvnia.
y tftchers and wunselom given guid-.anm to their pupils to thow whotheir advice comparatively of the schools studie4, how-ever, it the work-ing madi ill theinstruction students, manyof whom u theys,tudying.
aomewhat less than one4ialf 'of the 75 schools school sys-tem responding to the quwtion about credit thatpupils might eai4h. credit by working outside of whool. It maybe auumed that a Om MP' the oThers did grant schoolwork expoti,eum but report.lbw schools and systems the fields in whichwork stipulated that
or related
)t 1t
ZON
Tfl 5 IWPWUUPeÁ;Lø ì:1=i- a.13M1 vuc
iut31fqo e.ia vi
zddv £Itlm!Md ri:
gu_M
U J uIuA LLU bU iJJ!i rj:; 1aqc;irT ipaa a-Ux3oc;=Â W4 --:i: O IdIIUtM1I Zuiîi
Bmç 2t-!21p, Zuinvd 'gutci dr! ¡14 aeiow!PW øuqowoin %io. vaw '2
'Lt;jwt43 '3I)Vfi 'Zu1wu ewor a
,; 'uptv%wo1 'xttpu t-o 'Zi
4d1110u.4! 'ZUfl!2MIL 'znhr3Li2v
Ifl!M U! p; s ju.xo JoLqmuwead 'uorvnpej,qd uicT1:!!$y : tpei 3ua!Tedx-)Laofr ao;tz1 It13flIWW T1xnI GUtt 'flAtI
k1ftt
1mø
t
i I
.- a
.1-T E *
i
to the job must be given. One selmel menuone4 the followingfields, as suitable for work-experience &edit: Agriculture, emmmerce, home economim, physical education, pre-nureing, and shop,in this Bawl the work exixrience was tied in with mtruin such courses as agriculture, 4rpewriting, stenoFra hy acTo uning, office training, office machinu4, homemaking, foods,education, hygiene, home nursing, biolorzy, chemistry, m-drawing, welding, metal work, automobileshop, and wood shop. Another &chetl sth
setting up pins, pursing advertising bills, deliveitelegrams, or selling newspapem on the strftt would not be
for work-exprience credit. Another nhool gavemechanic's at a flying field as an example of a job readilyapproved would not appr-ove for creilit,experience of ice cream at The wrda fountain of a nhw1 listed work in piants(machine chemistry, drafting), office mvupiitions secretarial, bookkeeping, filing clerk), distributivetrad (store railing, filling station attendant), building trades,and several miscellaneus meu.mtions (waitrms, for example) asoccupations for which work-eAperience credit mirht be earned.Whether or not one a--es wiffi the practices cited it is apparent'That the schools placing limitations upwen the typa of work forwhich credit ip grantai were attempting to hold to a principle,namely, that in order to be acceptable for whool cr-Mit cxeu-pations had to have some educational and training valuu for thepupils who engaged in them.
The more commori practice, however, grant credit forsuccessful work in any job previously approved by the ivool.Under such a system johs that were objfttionable beause of ffieirnature or working conditions were usually eliminated from con-sideration for credit, but any approved type of work, zgardiof as worthy of welawl
allowe4 for work expe-usually unit a year. Bmame of I
opinions of some etiu-progrwris of
those of wolekexperienteyears, (mid %therefore
I. in the *hole high-schoolu the credit allow .
for a unit of creditvaried from a law, of 270 hours to a high of 900 elockahours.
that I
-mkt* the 4OUrMhóóI andthe ainimn*um for n
work mten
r
÷
spread v
1 miwter on th
_
work-=aa--%-va
_
;
6 a3- 3.s
a
y77=
-a- a
bef=Rio-vex Ora- grantingI,.- - _ .._ n
=a-
the w_.__eMleiriteri
_
wiaion kr witlf,refanateraritool. Th general insistence
LE mrt reflects inade4tia¿lu givehe form for rem.
I
ERIK
_
a.- 7T-. -
0T
A YKA _a =
AVT
cooperation,U10V era weresubject ntT
andraaa
M a
with Sometimes E-
_=-
00b9r
that more two-tkrds of thosefrom 5J kr=i we_
VA.
`IV' WO
I a X -1a a
!Tan,. or thiseither stated de
A
jc_b wasrektai
wothe wm
to
A _
---S.=
JOD wasthe inquiry* wouldthis manner was wy
_one_
I1=-7_
LIh er aW =
mi vocationalstudy.
toincluded in
of credit for work doneed whist such a pr&::
opera
a
3 _
fit -=_-a ma= - Ly-tt=
E a
classified the work w L-_
* a a_= = i L. -
tSIE
,
aSM
aa
'
Z _and MUM.' Una WAIL
nature. th tb1 tile decision was-t-n-110-UM school
E=-= .
_
_
.W-h-WT. LIWOLK MAXMAM8
ours-ate-- ork plan usett by,
many schwis ..nit of credit wu freluene vnear this upper limit. Usually there we4 a ruirment that
E the I», months in the same job ,-a , ,1 mci4t sehools would not grant any credit uniess the pupil finished1 out at job. Fully half of the schools_s cmlit exNrience on the as.1- lent to one subj -_ -.- us reducing the subjext load,i by one-fourth ; L-i-'77 expected working puOils to carry a normalel load of schwl sub --ts and work experience in addition. ,
1 Schools that did not one more reports from. thei credit were rare, indeee4. A ate! of was ustially requirffl; often there wasi reports interviews Ltween ernei ployer and uNn employer repofts1 the supeervision which the ee_choplaiI to working pupils. *I from employers usually made some sortI of provision for reactions on the 'quality Um work and often
Ialso on the quantity. Other frequently rewrted on were :and prompenm, attitude, apance, devendability,
getting along others,merely asktd for a statement on some such weneral
efficiency, job succas, or general achievement.Many had grave doubts about the advisability of allow-
ing was evidenced. by the factf i reporting releaE-L-e-' of pupils
that they did notcredit work experience or ilent on the sub-
;Wt.. This did not apply to on a coomtive basis wherethe in line, with career and whereinstruction to the given in the school. Most ofthose responding probably afree that work
gained in of credit. As men-mrlier, course that were reimburd
fun& were not spnifically dealt within, the prErnt
, Several of the schçols the study had given considera-tion the grmting on.time and had An ofthis it the-city of Chicago 'which the yesisan ex-Unitive program. . The schoolstudied And was done by pupils
found to ho- almost semi4killed inbasis reached
00 'asit tirVof the program in order give 04 -
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1111
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- AW .t&z. -
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OW'
Tl tr (' vahm) irier
n_A work ky -01 ILcredit for work
nitioi -� it ky havitL 'tfoker which f
VIIIifirE
titsto of studentstwimwrork pz.
aho
en
in r'-t- El --"2"11= --:
p
who were
Aeir g o fromproqrx_ras _
--tte 7:N4
=
,
th
IL
-
eid vet
-chto
'xid moat of th6 ammwere
Noat f the_
=Di10
studentsJcf_G th e
aim
yezn
3 elat_Lv.zr;--1-
_=_-
-3
the nion was hto
familiestaY L,_itusL. -e4th.=1A: :-:-.141---TE1
a-11: 1:1 ption an' a Work lira%
however, =,mt some of these yotti
ea was on o- Tua-
interest te -.4-work i._ .
WAS
derivi7'oras rtr-ot jobs. Some felt
found a of work that they wanted to followof cithwv found orttfx line. Onecourse Atid that his job
f NM,
otherthe
.g7,
out th,orN.
tauE
re
aft-_
=.2
-tr LI' etttn
Wi,
=
of
It3 van:-
found
"Wo
011rsaid he stuck
_
1
)
V
44_1.4 kii-1-T-
=1 a- 4--
. 11Z -49 vpt& I =err:
Ja0 Z - k ere
earned2, 1'.k 11:
t Nriat-.
4----1
Z1,W -,,-, - _ ,mil - ...- --; : o.'-' r ---i s 1 . =-? r,.'
One 174,-;:-..-Ifirig..,_ .,,. .. ,.W .__,, 1 .-------=' i,,_ ,.. .;_ _ .-.,_, -. _
did -----,-- P
:hated -V .2 2,2 =/i
=7,
- ."-.
I
. 4
-which-_ --jtt 14 4'11
,
A -- -
'ORE PRt-X-MS
experience, The va1u inhamt in this work(exploratory, of work ocial reo.and the schools acerted the faci that the
therore, aithougranting schools gave rw--Ibemme a part of the pupil s
him through the
ATTITLDESP
4V-
Whi4 sorno stvd-_nts itinu
aww
a
in 7 of the yisited were a42 high-school partkipating in school--
in order to obtain their reactions15 to 19 the majority
were senion were juniors, although allrepr&--tented from the throuA the twelfth.
planhad bftn for to school and Severalthat their and thereb en-ablinv them in of theyhad actually earned chief
There no quft7tion,people who real
in were othertheir that they had
kindhigh school; that they did not want
in the same 130 was takik a technicalat drafting in a mAlil-woriOng
factory ta his wilool subjectsbetter. On the hand some students their work
after novelty wore off and they onlvfor the For example, a boy wuof in the mme &memblY proms day
to his job because his whlived, poor and the only money he had
was what he on this job.reservations, although enthusiastic grout theas a boy he
not thebudget" quite much, but that hehis own health ; bftridm he to school activitimand he *had developed a s9rt of. as to tak=
i -=-== =-:-- r - --V' :- ==_ :5 t- - s - ______________
- -= nQ
flLWrìfl y fMi Â
,aii uxeci ner wor DIII
take so many itudies if
LÎ1 U tiin& nr ti
UI W1T1 I ji ''ÑrWTh rjx;naii
in conn' with the prindwork tmt n
to FUURifl 01
viewpoints *'mw-ung e wnoie princi
released from any part of their Ixx:_ WOT- The following itmiIe: from reports in by beil i
fJi ur'-TI
JfìJ1v T n
he r had s nd for
gt the for a nrr
-4T:T-T-
ISome students had cltzen toprogram for only a fw weke or rnonth&-1ong enough to &,rnmoney for clothes and schw1 enkenses; later they had droppA
0 the work in oraer h=e W n, e more in s-enior activitim_
-s-4
A
S
priority, thim extracurricular school eventh or hisijob.cipate in a s-aool-and-work
Several of the studen ho were interviewed exj3res.%Ad noparticular like or dialke for their programseNOne girl, a senior,declartA that hers had been tkv hard. She had been attendingsclaa31 8 :30 a.m. to 1:45 pan. (excuwl from the last 45-minuteNricK1),ad raahai to a 2 o'clock job, as file clerk in an offim_ach aftenioon and worked until 6. On Saturday she worked5 or 6 houm After 4 montha Ahe gave up the job m rewiring
-E ao much time along with study for her four school subjects
English, Spanish, History, and officz-rnachine\operating. AfLerr-t- of 3 months ahe was just starting a new jiA) at, stenographer
i for hour-a-4 to 5 o'clodcon school dam and 4 hours on Satur7day. She felt ale would be able to carry this job without unduefatigue.
A senior girl in another c ty who felt that 'the double task ofschool and work was too ha u was being excused at 12:60 p.m.daily to go to a store job in a city several miles away to work
ITom 1 :30 to 6 on 4 days a week, 1:30 to 9 on Wemtin40y, andalt day Saturday. Combined athool and work hours excKuded52 wftkly. Four school subjectsEnglish, chemistry, problemsof American democracy, and Wing---absorbed. practically all hertime in scbool, only one period being free.for study during thewhole week. This girl said that ahe liked her school and she
her advice to other studenth was not 'tothey must engage in a work pm-rani at
else a 103s wafting job.
Attitudes of school oniciaig
to the lettex of inauhy circulated study had attitudez toward
prou-arna ail the way fmm ansathyand opixadUon a number supplitA reneml
of allowing pupils tobe time ip oMer that they
pro and mn---areBeat officials within the
various Stat_
da3 beams releAses fr;=, whwl to oriMAND
We this tvp of program, nor have weever need au&
I_-
nof r=mptoo-to Th3i to the mnimuns
two mix eily.di one's 1 v-elih
a town of our aim for an,
_ o cut md ttptseide, routiniz acadanic pm-4T=gml.eraa. We have done what wT cou14
rnce in wh
k ex-peuneiIhe5cho
we live butce is notMorvover,s to pick
we doubtreal workit is dwork that
the t will actually do outsade of school or continue to do aftergm_Lttg For mast students, I arn minvinced that we haAi t*ttermake thm)1 life arni A, we can p_nd adjust ourschcro t wt give to eacti individufti al. nearly as wssibieth -f tratn Lie or she needa.IowA
We di&r:-.ure s-tudents from ving to RenC-3t and working duringw_hmi hour-------fmrhaps we ovv_rdid it. Pc-esibly we would hAve had morestuUnts *choo1 if we had made a -treelAttr effort to witty those whowant.d to wvrk and who aiso had .7.ixv to attend school.ONTAHOMA
My philosophy with rerarA to mployment of pupL s while. schodl isin te._ion ratit, thst R must be wry definitely to pupils withw_hotast ity to carry the extra wvrk; and, *4---N-7-ondly, that the pupilsbe un wvrk wry cl(xsely to their 001 wvrk..PENN-SYLVANIA
Work experianm as wi have ti-p-3 Fht of It, has man punu,of whidi are mre imiv_rUnt to individual thon to arulther. Its
i-c ve rwt &:-I-wevvr. We thM workørIw heir4It &Iva ue_ips theand adult life,
oa pm-v-4
tw_...4y to gap betw-,4n schml and atrieudent to make the skijustunt LaweRft adolescence
provtdift for such w-orthw expiences asppiying for a ix-4ition bArr.ining for WISCONR-NIt s thftt theft is Lr a re-----*-r-Frri to be workvid out by eben and the zlooll that win tx! more in line with youths' e4u-
mtknal uz-mkohave rnany a boy buck up ami get a new intemt achooi
after taking on a half--ti MI.L-Ckurtw..NIAjt to k-u--)w- whAt kiwis., of jot4 have Mucational value arni
b) be e4i-tional. Smne jolm are "erpandireemit-a-is not r
e
wfAn aWh't ta expsin for eme
je-mb for ana-----kir-Lr stuWIKVNNN
nions of am yors and ighor repr.sentatives
StAne _mrtjons of employerz and organize4 bor toward schooi.an work proz.w..fis were atainw' in in iews held with employ-
t manners and lahd3r In the eitieLs. visited.The general tr--d of opinions amonm- majority of employers
interviewed was that selool workers had helped out in the emer-gency, but when older workers were available, they m__fogly Pre-ferreh them for mmt tipm of ramitions. Ceitain employers,however, aaw valum to be ed from using the part-time workof atudts, botil frvin the standoint of their owm buainms and
-that of the atudmits' training, told mprivAe4 tkermelves Ls glad
An offidal of a Wge immirmft ev,n314, stateA Wit the work
Illffi
ll 11
1111
MM
Imlil
hm
4
-4
a
-I:=
!
Sof t h t t -S
I- ;- ==-
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,= rc i1:-z 'tT $ n I , He . -tiL i = .
who we!? !e; flf W1ì kLW1rVof the ===__L which ii
LAi:=tNJr_:JL4 WUfK iI1P YptIT Lw1Jijj: t!Ji __
wLhû1:r complaint tecace of wcreri iwta th5 oi riiir uw:tr :iit ut;s wrt
iLFt1J w St4L M) kL4fl1 4U1zt LIIÀ OL[L fl(Ji %i1irile terscnne f a Ikt L4iFflUff!P T!V UE1ïWW1
_SS_S ¿ ¿- : over ¿ =-- =5 =- - carried Lirr Sj- i=tì Si :w:ij W- i S_ -# - S=_
=-SS-- =S L a
the I__ ____t S_t=_.___ girls _,j it': c1 i, yours- c __ami over, 1&kY 1tNL4i Y? dUiI cOUflNkL4f)rs were :flt W tue
S ! k L .
t-:AI:-t:!, i
LF=_.
U:Ar;J-utit J JjJ1ti JLiuwg:rIß wÌio hAz! sW v:crkr rte while student, hadLiflc4Xì t3 per1bcr1 soon atè fLtm1! :crçfra.
*rcirìei= tr1WCar Ía fltir LWW (=L
other hand, "while =: Y P yrii LãT ¡4L4jt! L t LJLit Lt4iclLr:g he WT kt: &ud' now be iii c1w;I rat1er 'hi at
;_
i:--; ,
_S_uu t # -. - on S= __-. IwuI Li;t!3 :ijt;z LW!iw Lr? WIfljt! UI
in 8:hcM=iI have! U many cit a ztiJ TIatt1r thry ar;way; 'e ta= uii aiw uiy er evezi=j
they = ..
I4II '14t-. =-- 4 I -_== I I L
LLti #= *otherA !L1 V UJ!5i-i(51-Uie:
fault b: be ro:ii with tfl flf!A1 VJt7 FiP UZ-1I--L:1:4 to _=1 or read _
UI-_StS =&Ltt:i ï-rtXLU, I1
tfjCI!!V ill these gina dc! ìCit Lk.eT eve:;ii cir.At Ä1 because workers8fl(Tt UWff3: YJ1:e LO =t u1er wiuì ucJray
-
i 4t_ get the =-J --&
Ieiiig tra:y -girls u' ìuAipm iii :reparaticni or cwxi n the &hetL
_-T
andserving . - : even ,-; -= -t - -ÄMSRJ (:-
UI iinyKitin& The eorany expected to ithe ii o:a-irntictiWIUI -ie scmx:i!.
hadThe
beenTf11T1EY to raise U1J ie rrr &ron5 to i:i, ±;
"really A rm_IA='
A___ tI=
5 tIt- - ? T!
Y-i i V FJ T
y%:;
to I L i = -- ¿ =4 ; =.i_ iS,j_, :
-
i
-
=S
=1H they"- i _ ei hell - needed,i Ui young :iUt-=M ii- 4
'%_
S4 not really ; '= L i --- t i untilw =i t: U11 uii-' i i=f
said it t
ir&nuiei director t 'uie Hl a =rze rj;: jiti
-
e:rìtxji KItTIP- T4: j1jj lifLiii w LJL[M LMW L1 (i= iML LIM
attîgk:n to with th- - -# that -W get This ,=ILijw AUI iiLL. W £LL Ui
S___
IiiiT)1ÇJYTHW1L iI1iit!ir (fl large itti.------=.-----------== ----
fr --
i_i
I=- __ii_S =-
S- - :t=: r : - -. ii
-r
pa:W-ta,
Ile and.
=
CO
t
studentsincloym,
awaymanager
'tschcI last ylefia,
Fr,
,firty.01.:.
Lé--
-nm_m_ay, th
many
hiring
manazer .oter f vork: toward
were orkin. They W,-1i 'OF trai
Iwo
Efiv, :r)a-O
under which 12titm
-&
rimf
_A
the st.tr
n= _Itcan't
M12 h
-*ND? A- PRO MS
was aa it had
mtisfied
was &)good
e
w.9 me of. diebeen
Thestudents a
in irmtsto 'get tff, and
Ais
$obs."The a rfttaurant., which hired aons'as the 4-4 plan
in various from
mom
work of the students in a largeduring emergency,
gcmad sal
whena older." So
aswork, always fooling. up
can a
Pwartznentt w-c4
younrer
- - - - -=w % =
ÀLLJ h1 =
LL=L 4-J ! tj1 y-
LrlcrLT 0i WUI &Jti1T V1t! ¡ t4t1f LDS!V 'vc'r1:. yL4it1I-iM =-_-Jj but T- =---1i :ÁuI u }= - - t-
-=; =-=i;:
-; i L-
tT=U':
i ti thereI
--- =tt= --- --= ;=-& i- T- wt -'- "=
,Th ? ;rv-r--L= ttk= tt=
i-k=; builtt otherwirri of Tfl y!y yr- f
Fitker:= programs t) e'eer;cc
:j aã<r and =; ,= t , . - - -aE -aa a in a E - j. . . E a i: _ faa a a a a%_ =-! i ! -a-. -a -- a =
- =:r= ?(J i iK =L4(=; -a remotely w=- -* ==-4 .Jj
ta jt i &
-
Z:iIWU3L
iIIuert5:= un :I_ andnan c'i cirfiinww Äfx1r in az
o!= Faï-aIns :;iM:Í tI=a -wF:;tt1:i In C-tO=cImi
-
uiri Ui&-i r=!gntux1=-4 i where \
school-
Ij=: _:jjt ? a j= i a;.
LIr iI \ -
-iraci ::ou1 tJ3if w ra
k_c:::]acr
!R!H1 ¿ - =J -= they ___-_ t: _ =:tj;i work -- -t_P;4iu -ji
CfHIKfl ¡ c=n*uiii in the course cf the viit;iii*1 to :t:1 to1erti trCTizS1S a a war:rne
eLx:!wv that II!d fn meeting I1x:r i:!v needs and :ri
certaii =:;hi h-v :rca
the flitur= ci! thc Jif1 ¡x:;th Írn Ti!? (1= v:ew jf
Kt1O4)= td of youth &ruii !rtarn tJ J--- _J
oI ;ic}b o=tunt ccur= for fu1rne worker&
La= -
W i p
Time =a1kiJi c=1r!4m!nts -:'n LIi7Tbcd information a
officials Jfl tue ti p1Jaïtmk Ui1! tJi flPYiPflc With k'c1== a&neiÌeìit& is md'e:--;d
!kr ll &flLj: Cftjr!n-T1- ai% Fk; ictiir however, t1wy Ta7Y T fl1flAiV c! f)L,8erva?-T
ri: Ti ZIi7- T i fi ! ?1 r:- fja-_- -_ t= -=
y =a
YTr81 !!d what thei wJj to mean in wr cìf cc1!!d;±Iatur
r '
== Q?
student thatwas, in
.1.1-4on.L: cocid upìers during pilri A wrviceand could 1;o1747i' up, as ha and his star h.a4J done, in theyears afterw-ard.
ttexidan 811
, ikrt 18-Tear minimum its far as plant&---'.. Mist of the :kr-t--tilne worers are school
:h1ey hv nflj that sometimT fo said the -1v-x-r-Tnnei (IL _-tor of a ekirn-
Y-TIF that min:act-L. A Trftting cards and hir many studentWU-kart
mans yen- have te arquaintance with NAir-
4:,/
e
vownLay
prc,,,i
ta
p Lirough the A I
parttei-
ine4, under
hetw,
-gltdr*.W rsolving
t keptical of
point viewA
danft
r
W_TS1-101
1.11-aad-workschool
t r -5- tLra
-
- ---, ___:-,..--
-
Alv
6
a
O-r
E
pciitale
7.,
3 a
C-k_
librarian
of
*We would pre ag-efficielIcy i
ntelwabsenteeiam"----eo
le hadW 0 k through
e
scli(x)1-Aind-
sorè through roups assc.hoo)-and-work
the ak-v-es
Dr-r-enta ese sz.ic):
themNating
keeriiè
-RE: OF
on byvarious
rawl-antl-work of course,that to schools,
achwl-and-work EL%
specific
111M
1111
1111
1111
ffini
li111
1111
111i
Mifi
bfili
ngiii
iiiiin
nitii
iMM
umm
iiliii
imm
unnm
mon
om
Good features
ea
fat _ g =_"Kg E .W"g. V=F
many pupils inel-0D Ll el a
A
Provided ?swivels orout
vlueuincome
who would under wart me conditions haveA
-7gate_
grtunity for some pupilsef-N t r-111a A A Er
E
T.4 tg-g a--al tht a a e_A=aff_ A A -...@__,==a;_a
L
SLll_4. a.3
I
Emphasized3- a
E 3 -6= AA A school- a tet. te g a gVII "
Ara=
E E _
ra# 12-14
aaa
uon nedevelopment
flexibility
for standards
=
t_agg and_ A g-a_a
A =;na3ff= AE 3, 3a_ a E E- E a
n
toadditional -OttvlAmI A.a=
contribute
ftna miler- 63
ga- 3 11. I
1 3= t..-4 Vairr
ai.a.a
value.and N--ta
_:-_ ..- .-:=. 3 6A...aa- gags e_ .I. . .
Yilif in 1 el IA _---,--,...,- -g_E -..aa .wa -44.7 4*, eN, .---,--g_a---...
"EzE of3
O ..-_-
- a= aa -- a g personnel
i"=t:_l_g
A
3
33333 3 '333 aa &r and
educational
le war effort
w.1-0'rL
Tita 2
-E
=awls couldtLfflworm. w a
3 E
na
3
schooi4ndusry
3333
for Ltte
Bad features
Denning
Many btl
TgF
Ce-xl
mn-N1 byparticipated
A
ea t.g
@ aof school
Q-e-A=alAt_a7,--,
interests A
t
*rdarogn
to con
g
LA LEM
A-g-
ams,a
arma ae ,-era.7
-V6V_3-f anEMagi= N=== a A-01- a
-ak
lity
ia 3
wE
_4-LC-14u--0=a:.-1V_ _
that couldt
A-a-e EhoursLiJL
weresupervisionamount oz
the job.Many pupils. . _
. . ..,,,....b.V
.A
.aveE t.aLaiaLneaschool
over
hfaflwka
'22 took t 6_
a@t
a Iglairlea
E3 p 6 =0'3'
.=-3
iftE X -.=.6=-
ff-Agi
by
conditions
achclandawork
There
The
-Tito frequently* a g
ta.f vkaa.aWaE 3. a _r... =E
the g aJMoney
rn=a_g.a L-1V
much nig ht
high g E
1."PGA,
valuem
a
ovigions
A.
wereof tne pupi
force
á
w -
their ft-tview.
LLL
*v.
DçfleX .0-tJ
icto
d also too
3 onE3
E ffW"-3-3
ga.....L --. 3--E3-3E63 ,..,6463413/3,6=s
glies-actinstment values were) too= ett
ma equate for capitalizing upon1. 0. 0 g E efitVrar-Atia at ate wtaaaa
aW a A.A.
E FUTVIRE OF SC.
objøctivti
*la q.v....v.0E tflPYA:et on ir-- &
waindicated
4,
- .L v -.
,..7,, Laz ...-,___. 0--ft- ga_AMS-ff=,-_ffaaa.a.-M.A=-_A--..g. a_-- ;-_-- =- -, a A E a- --=.
ii
- -v,._--_,--.E _ E a_ ff. E__- = ,a.-- g...A
the aL_tt oga
uIJ- PROff L-- -A
A'"="='3.0--8,glityWE-F waer_a==-
gagE -p 11g
w_ap,
1
,=4)1,
E
rn
programs.ence
ent_
A-6-3a7 =-- 3 31
; tIZA.S
schoolof school
pupils needan to
while in school.on hours comii-
working for developedschooindividual pupils, both as . t. sww(9
and work load carry andnot to each cored
ucatiozaltt servicestheir importance for purposes.
Led to more proz Intl andseleital
phasized sd for att-o-Arative purposes in uettiona undertakings.
7-_-<7.u_la schools to evaluate outsiö' experience as togranting
whose havemany w too
School-and-work schedules deprived man pupils of, laztoe toticipate in iny+w" sek tie 1 after onktolhours.were routine in character Brae in vici of-
experience not
services e roperand
earri so hear, -amental health.
tooar met
to
work much Inter-t.
ofrather la.pf,
into school-and-work
pri*gr_ duringa of general
by e drop 0f and a in.t
- A . a, ' r-8,
w
, .41+
i t.
and well-
\e"-
-better
the .during andr
%
a
as endanger
an of
the
the wara
as
-=-:-;_ ___---;-T.- -L ; ------
=T=
:-- :
:
HOOLiN1,4VtRK PRRÂ=fi
fl an even greater increase in the of.3Tc4Iti tif :i=*ri During tIne war the publicwas rathe: rcw to accept the kien fciuent1v expressed thai
11bWPTYIP-11f. a atrjct1 Effort on flflj tif hrw =n;1
4girI cIL) their bit to win the war by ¡jjlRt:TUY fl1P?There i- iw w;: of ana):yzig
the situation sca as to determinedefinitely (1j to what extent patriotism was the iìctivtjn- fcìrciüt tfl: ¡flflfflS ox youth, vhith led them. ith public in=toemployment in such 1&rge numbers ; xicI :::i to chat extent thex::Jtjflg force wa that the vc;iith found coiiitjcn. outsidec;Lc) more attictive than conditions ¡wide sthoo}L ITT the Itt
were the case they could, ovvii to wartime cclitIc easilyfollow tiler- dire to tho out sdm ann go w:c1a fdiflg cif social ntharrasment and :1tJi feert r haininess in anticipation of satisfactior th1 could be realized vith
ji iTt'1mA Win. ,f --y conditions uyatthe iw t W
patr1ot}s!n ----Arts eliminated as a reaso-ui for leaving scnoo íòron a rt:iÏne ri;si&
JC4)Ifl? 11W píi?ø 3 a ofU-i ;vL*1tJA curricula L1i4 ¡1nciirnflg io testA
t1 tflU CYflrdìI nf eUcIOÌUU 'aIue and in terms of the ¡iivt-fliPflt í)f tffl 1U1 :fÖ-rt in comparison with other educaticná1veîthires both for tite t!-riDils and the c}ioo1s. Shcrji4vvorkN ì»:iRTam8 of the futui s}wtik3: cojpri with reference tc
., A- .= pupils , - --- = =-iit:vu t'i IJL-JjL1L1 iu
pedficall the uestiortsAs to thearz: iTri'nat will a given SCflOOIiiVfiïC pro,gram in &ivrii community make to desirable echicationï goals?(2:; Ji1 it nice that contribution nor-e and ecciiioiiflÇaJ]V ::ir Ioth t1ie ptx;1 and the cIìcoi than will any otFiir tviof t:;3:) Ar jobs a'jaihthie of the 1flThi th3t mR1c theezcatk»1 obectiv realizable? (4) Are such jct avj1îth}:iii ufficieit numbera without disrjaeii-aduJt wricer or «ll
ruptilig we ana otner employment sauiiara r
41ãed to these qutioris n11t he asked a related Ofle : &!hOu!IJthe cIioo1's hiterest in worz experience be broadened to Ir1=Vl:ïIeaderhip and asanc tc students izitcresterJ in oìofghrand tion or1 w1iere sutLstiutio of wcrk for seh is notinvolved ? it la not to be &'jned. g g sontim thataU achoc hoya and fr1s rit employable aiui
teristica sa tt benefit by should =iiej=nt jc!iooj.wr nrz*grrn that i based on tiw wo1reiease idea.it jg to be remembered that bo and girls have Sturdy,iciIidny, anil availb1e òr acquiring tue -ahIn!; Ill WOrK L*r1ÎItI,
-
.. _'
*
:- :, Ir__ ,. #! ):---------- -'__L__;_ ---W
-=--I__ - :.-==- - !ii_ _--- -. -_= ---- - -- -
41
enrollment employment,_. -fierai
.
the
approv- ,
this -#1
if 4 without
work- esien 4
t3 futm- ,..' school-and-workz will ne:,:
'We for orii2, tzfart and
al-i[]-=i 4t Vag a program. futurecontribution
Wit?
,
1
y
astr-
suchvacation :44ti*-e -
r,11:
4.
elk,/.r"r
age.
to
a
an
partbe
,
with suchwork a part-time
r)
=tnV --=r---,--. -i-
=$______ -i-.---
I2
-- -- - ---- -- --- - - -i Iw t PP K TM A M- - - - - - V w
teO,!! 8t;bti _P!flOtItllh2JE tkhV i! an important itemto De In :Innnr a uarttjine vc;rIc program rcr anypuiiL The degree 'zif that fl IS over hisemotions is a!1 I!flit2T TflPRflFA frr ri}ijy on a job.emotlonall):? etarIe c=imi witn r icvcr inenai competei1ee, ratner1ian a
I1d1t %v:Jic is b1e, isfvored:r ma:ng 0VeSS- fl Ofl'fltlonL fk11iu!tIfl7 v- Afl 'Zfl flO1 4tcfl aliti wait. asschools arr öin=tin forced to iic, f»r the passing of a tempertantrum, a !eîre to hithiIe in mrec}=av. a perixi ofor an form cf Imbit th; is hostile to cooperative elThrts on ajob o-r to LW free from interference.1iflW' J1TT1î U:1JCflt& jfl fl1O1. will benefit moreb :n=jnj f tJn iiifr== tJ- j developmentalinfluence fiT thc: gehc,ri Tr, ihic'e a yo=tîrg per&m in a ;iz1 vherehe i likely to jj
to increase fl4jßment.
Soea4 m4urit;-_# certdii Iegree cf maturit is a1needed before a cij= n=î en satisfactorily 1just to th newt kinds t:: =t=;
iicj TWJIiIt that he ;iii meet jfl wci1d! sodtt :=:ofl! LH Ofl !ì&S beefl owed to iii school. 4aImaturity }IT!fl proper fO1'DMliCipatioiiiii thec-ii a Jrt;*gi*m iflCIUQ the abiIit w understandthef cz= on the job, to determine the aisr1ility cf ; in it or of refraining from it, to behavein £ :I:: at ali times, ow the elemental prin
of relationship'.¡'e;cinI intres-j. Perona 'Weil- 4 is another Lactht. ax
one: o jrnne imjrra to be nideri. intiiwent nneitst isthe *1ns:-rin; 'i ¡f1Fjflg ,
:=a WYVtf tO JW1 between fl Lnt- of a desire toengage In constructive activiti anI to learn through cmicretexperiences c)1ìnect with them, ann In contrast au interestarising ixit r1 enc1ixi in a puy m,tJ For example, interestii: with nature stidy be the frigIor fliOtPiit1I1 Zorce for woric in science. un the cuier naiinfI! interest hi the n operation of an electric toy is not nieag-ril» iT"iintive nf g motivating fów ffl-) fh fur!!iI! t is ethI=Lhat student, before he is ded fromscj:loruI to i,art ame. nave a real mterest in ma exr*rIen, it do& not necessarily follow that ery student havingsuch L!! j,ta ft g:1!e student's relative intert in itudy in ehoci and in wcrkinin $nfupkynnt ii only one guide in determining whethïhis bt opz-rtun1t- for hicaI 1i in a tu1Jthne
=r:Ji'TTn BjL4r
J. ;_______ ____ 1#tT: -:
. -
.
.
-
-
fk"
4- t_-_:"-----
, --! 1 -o" -4-4..44' t e. 1: e -
I de
4 ,
' w w 4
aGliemetcestrol
ricRafwoe that
otiou%Lirrl-aat to work,
sulking,
should
g protective a
fail 13 a likely
- ft
%aadequate'41a
friactle C-411U,
rontit,J11,04yiritu
workUt
workers
gale
for
9
-Ia.: well
study
WV. -
-
Witt
t ', ..__, oFt .-, .
I ) l a--
--? -
1,01)1111_A
_
adolescentAn
ado1ezcent lesssatisfactory
businws
cases,
,
social
a
part
toemployer-employee
Care needs tw exer-interest
ofactivities connecteda
electricity.a
work
intertst
a proton'.
I(I
I
JIu$orker8 ii bi- -- ¿
_A A i
e Ont
with
'
r=rLI.
iie specialI Whoo!41ÏdC
y J;U LLI 5 L
, and
i J
pisoes selling
&I!I _
ork
'!L
sei
t
IIy ne
-._
7
9
-
receives47i-kr'n
!_i==trit.
Li 6
and2
stimulusstimulus1-I-
/
point ino0-1 IF
be *DE& rzgaUtete?ytagukr,,_ glok with
found IL
earnab
_ _
_.m.x j,ey, Th, *Ina coordinatork pointingzor people
C
eir k_Az_
'L-ti-Ve V1T,
Working LP
upon, !n only shouldjob suit
should
rs-74-4Erer
41 slueisnÉLLI
43
YtACOVIA
w
in:1001,-avi,,wort-=L4te erafiroMta
individual student's
real
r 0 r
or
and czni
_1 11-7-;
for-ArdA .4%-li-404. k Fa4t,
Ii ic41 ,=*.
Some I r-iA. . _ forC -1_1 $
placementsmaking ant;44r==,
7212 andsetting 11
,
fiCreea
11---tom
community Ï1 help-
tam g:--1ilt '--- .-
31.!
**1 &As4j.
student i =dun
NI
I
11)
of work thatOnH
a:
1u 3T-2, e
conditions will le
checking
--r
.7
rS 16.
Witte wa
; =
-dle,
1
12
f
,
4.=
O program.laws
unsafe forfoi--
_
Liar-6.Nir,9s,aelvw Fth local
of -7-4-spx_easedgt, is 8 in wl UOIS
_7,t_,174110
lie
- . ,._ e 1. a _
14 '..., 4 . --,.. -i. = --. ;-*E--:
t 1 _/- and -;.:4:1 ....41
.,--
'":= P
1NL during711_ . _.,=
-A 1 I_ *
WIN
rf-
Legal-
't ag -
-I i -
_4.4-1
.
,
-.70,
.
4
964H00114104FORAK PICKILUIS
ff the mriod on the job extmds beyond the wherea from the ot éontacts. The
kind that cancourse, with the individual's Ms
and ikysical capacities.Many real learning values, on the other hand, may be
jobs where the student is motivatA initially by the toor can do a service for
such out the learning possibili-ties in jobs, andand take nmstering of each step.
a program iscided
of a the interests and abili-ties, but it be from physica)
of legal provisions protection of youngin itandards
working conditions.voluntary adherence and for vidance inoverweing on the job will also be newled.with with labor and groups beful in thme standards. Written betweenxhools and As to what working
useful to bothbefore a
to a job program areas follows:
Amid be whoiosoirwo--There arework pl,cea in a community that especially seekof young bop and girls, but because they are likely to besurroundai harmful infloPmes should be eliminated fromany list of possible for use on aCertain tYpeg of Jobs are revwnize4 in State and Federal
physically hazardous or morally youngin. should be with such
laws ac4ualnt ordinances, ifany, such places alleys,
rinkp,
(2) Hreirs of work shouki gewrally acceptedstandard schoorand work for miners
&FA 17 years of hours day and 48a wWic; or as far as the job is concernec4.4 Mun a dayor 24 a week. For many individuals thole hours would betoo work should In limits-
of hours of work, as well asof specified night for attend
is a strong support to good practice.
=
student
I5L
rn of i
.;u1LuE
,aswi
¡i.4 ki'-
:
. = 4S
:
2
such
(3) Travel time to awl from du job and convonientie oibetwezn the place of wvrk, the school, and the h-fm are Aie-tors that should be considered in arranging a schedule of
,ftchool and work.(4) Adequate t-A ne_&.4, to be atiouvd for lunch between icUol and
Ove job, ftpedally if the student is to begin work early in theafternoon. Evame consideration should aim be grim to thetiming of the job so that meals with the fLmily are interfere4-1with as little as possible.
(5) Time to atttnd popular scUoi evatiA, a games, elmsspecial group activities, should be provide<I for, if perwible, inscheduling the w_byal-a-nd-wark
(6) Wage-s of part-time at4ent wirtlara should be etrarnensurate withthose of any others employed at mmparable work. Schoolboys and girls should never be a Ktume of cheap laivr gupply.While underpaid child labor may not have been w aproblem in the war nars when mnnpower was seam, thznis great danger, as adult It&or betomes plenfiful, that t:wyoung worker will Im sought at lsow wrsge raa.
OD
Employer interat and supeetrision.The cooperation and inter-est of the employer in the school's objective for the student, andMs provision for close and understanding suivrvision on the job,are highly eksential if the student is to gain from his work expe-rience what is intended. Inrest in the 'student and an under-standing of the masons for his being in the employ of the firmwill work to the good of both employer.
Oporational controls of M. program
For the purpose of organizing a schookand-work program andof keeping it functioning it is neeftsAry to have aset of controls and a within the schwl thatwill operate in the working students f¡nd in har-mony with lggal as tiablish helpful relation-ships with parent, employer, labor, and Wier grows in the corn.munity.
Pupil pirsonnel school undertaldng a school-and-work program will find good pupil personnel service indispensageble. Its resources are for (1) determining the need ofa particular pupil for work experience in relation to other opporptunnies the school offers or can offer; (2) counseling with- thépupil relative to the kind and amount of work lie should under?take; (3) advising him as to desirable opportunities in the par.Ucular field of his ; and (4) establishing contact with himat intervals throuelout his mriod of employment The pupilshould be assured that the sekiol roady to help 4im In this as
i== :r,Ï;;:
i Lu UIU 5UtWiI1 £8 0 V1113ffI LO OJt4111 1118
at any stage cii! the procs are functioni
112 & JßITdOrK Mnrìv#'
I
II
.1
,
. -41Ct .+ ,
I."' :A 4.1' '`.
.t
', . e
Pk4
e.
Or
3
-r1,-
L_Lt4r8 oArg _o_cat!on and wes,L-
IKIz407
114;41.a
'yr.
directhave any-
i& 7.; decisionst
ii
habior
=CA
-
can
tO theY can heA.,
I
hours,[ ;_41 21 (1:
mr_.4 - r oii
z student'r
-
f_z_014, itr=
TA,
and #1
1 e _
lik certain_.. ,"°''
"=.--------k
EL=.:11.-1.-Ast=
:=T YAW. The: ' 'i 'F'''' H '-'d *I'artt , , .,- . 14_ l'" -1_..ing and etejr g,.
_ of
Olf2 g. d:Lat is permitted to
-qv
school time, mouldmean ia the way -7
nl's jectiwai for student _4]_. way efevatioF-JiliTnt, ai Ai the LJof school1:1;41te -10 the of the -noir zt-a t
I
wrritlX , essential._ V '
checkingnot
Js9
ance
legality
certificate--
a ,i_.1
required under lit,
tilt* nf placement1T-41 =t7p!
toTA) oIC or
th r hag of workany "'t of e bool staff, cm; f.nply
permit,
final check;
-;
1; ---:71=:. r
time, k_64 needj
-aMte:
the
the school willfAa actuallypermit
it_
experience profitable II --, n
_
in the studentthivision, le
toon
eOn supervisors
=
d it tf_ t.I means ftof employment, to
FJJ
d super-job, and ta the ti-
and other workers.;371 coordinators for this
z mistand can help Em employert and
=L:.= ael/Lhe e_l_! the -101-
.04 TniI
-
.11,,,,0
part7614 4%, li-:-11-11-1
f.19_,-
tknows_
t on job
It le7:}:"49` if
.
-41y4y112;1,4111' hi& ..-!th
in every other phue of activitiez. Stich a school krvieeis not the sole responsibility of one or a few vidanceremons; ftch and allbility tile valtiableassistalice to as to the
best suited an and the stu,dent personally many
Cooperation withsubstitute a job for a portion of his parentsbe adviseti as to venture of
some dames
pathy the the inmyarienoe and sometim&Remlit, will suceess project;
the pLan, inobtaining work permits.----Obtaining a work par-
mit an age as particular law ofthe State in which resides is an indispenuble aid
of thethe technical and
permits are ftmctions ofand assist-
of those adminis-program.
need to make a to that has beenobtained student to released from school.
on thv the schwl is arranging for a stu-dent tó work on school will td allthe inextend its interest to his place
objfttive futi about his working environmentthe student's performance
dent's reaction his withSchool systems that have assignedpurpose have had the best success. The canthe student in adjusting to his job,
the lieeds of the the aims ofAlso, by reports written and verbal, interpret toance and teaching staff the experience. of the his
him to make it a of his educational atthe mane pointing itsthe osordinator, visiting teacher, or othera the parents, because them he cad be-
58
I
-
OQTI I
done¡ji1 iii
; t , : :
itb
3;I
s
e
I ==- Y.J , i.
I
iof
t
*.st, ttr acquainted =
it it azto,community reftiirein and out how' they
social EtIOtai fla-1SOt YiTt vof their work are depriv of (37 e
activitios th fuMixte
tT4T.
6ft
canfamil
eiVa itO -
ScAmiA usa xpetinceIt :79` that th
school -77=
ol a worizschool time is '4 expand Tite 1 _ ofand, coutrift..y, contribute -Ira his li adjustment'T]clicatm that -4 mption it a soundbuild au& prvw. --;;_*-0-2,__4 It ',;= pointed out,of ex:r"_-,7'en;.;=; rive values ofof th ty-ya in this study areTo_i_=1._ not ._t!oe bnI L-7- deb-
carried out by the StTikii forA L .0-tional VII= ..lible -r4)
work experience. Fadone -tli findina ., r i"r wf us i Fr #r WO
Wt unintentionally,
s_
u 1\7 vr_
r
=
war: icrawa
-410 into a work fiteat.
are
4. -,Jum b enrich
Aiissii-aikiAvork plans quilt to ))n-,-i-rig, faremployer tit -4:r& k au can= [1
_:1
,dent, IN/ th ILdet d! ega e- fromwork h werki' environment ,ing work pupils forWork experience under t. ;:- VAC will provide
It -1FLZ--= - --
,A.- ...-_,_ ,
-, - - --- ..-.
regulartaial for discussion vI
metion in et:Wow r
motivate :Is roelife utide of seL
have immediate
C9
Th-.-- 4- aU _
he
=ti
employed.upon th
d
of
absorbing
it for %.
pupilamount
L8
f tTa_ WttP2
interest.
-A ,
students
will- of ti job
education adjustment, bD ODL 2itiLt arrangementr
school r.tL for issE_-_:sn t_.
_ k7 n=
tgrant
t Are
cren[j1.
I for tjOifor- problems %ij
=
with the personal of the ntin his charge. well, if he can become with
findand people
some social and coseurricularof rewalar
of work
is purpose progTam on re1es&N1the studentEtrwrienu
basis tohowever, in ie
educationalconsidered lar-vly wtett
realized unlem pianiand the specific pur _pfe of re.lizinff
the be derived _from a pupirspioneering work still nee4 to. be
a bm-drx3rhaps, narrowing EXhool
need assfor stu-
what he hisand
use of Exriences of dassroom instruction.a rich
boidy of and Ls a part theareas the s9cial studim and science!.
derivel work experience will serve also toof origin in
and in life, so manyan and
for work expodence
to beon the individual basis in relation to the job in whicl
is The of credit, if any, notonly value eximrience to the pupil's
alsothe pupil will rfttlize this value.
In where can be it I* as edocAtionallysound expezience aa it is to
The in54
771
MIIMANDeVrOSK PROGIAlits
sound
=-1 if I E e4S-1,4 araa -, di
EZIL
a.-"== - 4_ _7_
s
I E hAve _
-1==Eaa'
aa ma.a_a_asa s
,
_ _ jai 1- a__ a I-
_a-
0
-s_
=-E E E
7--7-7
_ .
4.
s
_1
1-- - --a saMit_EffE4-t-
economic =
mama-.-s
-1-=a
LIr-ïì1 7-i Ìss E Ea
=
7
wine ot sa
v childrenmamma ff gLk
irtr-r0.4s
--f, 4N A r= E"4 nit and _w"
E a st "L-WsE
aare a _a
- -
a_
E aa- aa._
E r a
. s
s_rEa E
-= Lwvwi anda a affa t-
are a
_ -_ asa a a
and _
I be
the
===
conditions
ZS=.z-4 a aa a -s--
Dar=
_
I &r 4.4 a-.7
a_ -a- a W=a
-a _a I
aarias
Z a
for _ =
At. r
a=- have piáL.
I ChildrenE-= - --=
or-_ vtlf whO
--MICH:MANCases w
Along With Lneeded aE
A t_
-a
-401
Lovkw or saïthi
Writ =E wax:__
_a- a-
s a
===7- w aa-
BEE
arm' whoseparentsCff - or
a a BE àPit in
-.h_
-A -='
=7._:0-77 7_ in
t4
= E E-- - -E
=
support
-v
a_ =
tji Jh1riTk v glawE_
- 1LEIS iv7
EE1
NJ
=BEESIEM=ESEEMME
EME
=NB
.451 JOrA tJiI
of
110CA IT jfl -saw
C.
-
.001
Aralior I_O Eater w tIor a
granting credit.for Credit for worI
coriLwrontly, development of criter as *aunder which thii4-7k14 additiomrvism or T such
4
inine-40a ti9 614MP
oAy
eall,101:17_17
crioee
Wa prs. foundation upon which
in
=
aLqtM -flee ..t0OX
willt removews
A-A rA - 4.r- =v1--, 1 S forC!
*ILL =
. lam-
nlftny7-
alvf ofof
instead
exemptions to4
1f2 F1 wort Under aui-nig)ut
NowWom aley
ty,
4--traul ,-7:
161V--
, oI
0.
;air -07
In 4JIM
A to_ri 14 or over----1411_ tOC irt 1'7A
-11
4,14,0
1 r
sa Children 16 -V-E-Tt $ 41 age
-
ai M_
actually dependent
over and
ra-
9
aVe=
re
.
ita ori
r-
_
t
_own
_il and y
. the;
toe sixth
,
N 4 i-=r
Lawst*
iJ-;" = i =-"-
4
det*rminini whether or not experience on a job hazvalues, and if so, the
job mayevem pupil, planA program granting experience
requireschool credit is and school
of
I a eduwund it will
to e8tablish provisions from State1 xhool-attendance theI maploytnent school
In numerous States the of compelling pamtssend their children to school, contain sweeping per-
theof operating a
rowed, because itprotly droppeA school
Mustrative of ofemnpulsory-school.attendanee laws the fol..
age
Children mrvie toALLANsAs
help is necessary sup-
help is for
or owr and em-
14 16 years of ifpighth gmie anti a lawful employment
14 mils of age14 grade
servica are emntial than-.
Ote the or being of theage of 14 years, are his own or of those
of sehool-attepdance is alsospecific that
not i6
111
4
k
Meeting students Onan _scI
ff 1' _
AT
A
a- I' -Aft ititingtE iiLI
their _ _4-.- X Z.
s g
tr-I M free
7==
= t
_& =- w.-_
L-
I # ta= 3 3
In S=
Eack:LV-
3 - - =-3 --= -
-
,33
= s == E
urtliaAR 0 w
3MAILer
school a r. acz- -V
str= Ar07;
3_ n--EktmeEg - 7
3 3V EN=A aa=
- 33 3 -
thaw Jrad
== =
1 L
-3
eatu:10.1-
3 = N3 1._ = - = -- -
rg11.
z
11W
g 3
2
a 'UN _
effort
raiff
£
Z-
- X
sett
intrtiWar.
ri-
.
I !a 33 g
_ .37 tir
Witha
chargeA 3
_=jIi E_ workingE 7.
= X 3-
t cooperate ---.L_________.,____=
curtranurm_, P
-.:110eirtilMken3
- _
-4- 3-3-a-3 3 3 3-
. _ _
33 A' A 3Mat_
g a_ . _ _ e = 33--a a ..=...=-- =---- = = = --=. -"."=-- =-- -_-_-- -.... teachersa E-X 4.-- ___6 a:4-4_ = =---,,z.-.
7- 7-=----:=_ _-___ .= -._ ----.-----=.--- ---. -----_ .= =
3 a 3 _ showed raga wasE ff a..
t-
=- _3 = -
--
ILM = =3 g
many 3_
student!'" -=
_
-3
- -
-
g
a444. that
'7--A =_A" -
=Arrik----. F
,
1
w
.0
ir
1"1. ruI W1gwa d aw up.A pu741iand atuiest----aii funds d not fair, AM= (Iowa 2;I.,
---ra to
.4_ PIng '&=11
-à_ - LSE
.1111--A
should therefore
f-42-1-S421k
,,e14;=-1901,
P'0, ._-- 1 --.- "-- r---14"1.0DarJo,
kl -=
men r;
Vist
ande
which
are
n
-srf
Qati
1 -2be
I
a
aa
Lf-
--i
0i -1'-r! I 2
of the-- 4.0 7-:TiMM and
0,!,
4
Ott. tn9Li
-Dsx01
7
A
irtg tgl,(a
'b*
by
-4
Pinr6_1
4'
Mr114c46. no, AS ti)'
attractprovide
;-=.
_
1-0 I. lftt .
ohe t
1. 644 1--
e4
14
_ 2
and----=
=Flu =
F
during_
14-4-1A-
believe_
4,
74c
...a_ra Jivf_
I :c-fr. t g
&CBOOÂÑbWOftK
floodTo place schoMan'cl-work progrnm Iucatiofooting, it is tuden on the bas
not according to the financial needsthat endangen a young iyer.and full wticirAtion in all
be the ofby young rvr.son's school permit waire-eArning purely money:sake. Development of a with an alobjective be preceAed or amornby an program of public assistance to families'inti\the
of a program of student aid.valu.s
the principle whiel dictatell theiris continually
ire out to into the liv_TM ofexryeriences whiM have educational value.there w*--68 trainingprograms for young girlswhich traditional conveltional
have out unlitthe aampies of such ftmeesduring vacAtion time,
on nonschool daysand
that may be and advanc-instructimalbe part of totsibroaden mhool youth, tolonger wlool, and to more effectivevaried learnina experiencft
are of many fronts cm em-ployers, laixar organiwtions, other von*.programs as to are, for mmtsystems employing havtn tktwAlunder the stress' of shortage
manythft4e p for large ofpupils the ogan should be -"back
Many belieie, however, thatthe014u-ecational for and that
56
_
IA # = - -
z
=
-NL
w-7aasame _-- a A _
forgotten. A
they able =it throughI i V = E
z- A AT- _
5=-=-_ # A
A _ _ _ __ A =
tpfj y
_=
tE
t
A AE1 t _*-
A
=.I f-
0
A
--=
I r_=
A
A__--
A-- A
further what kinds
planthey
= -
cixA -gruMA_
4- .= i EA
E-e
£7== it
=--1=-A= -
A=_ a g1 t i -.-- --__ ----.--w w A AA i -.- ' == T.
, = -L A I A'-' -7-- 'E- ' 1 R ` = - - ___,
-_- - _;AC
A
A
yv
flM t 2proy
=
fE 1v A
77.
-=-2- ==-ZAW7
A #=
g- t I # 1-
A-AE w _
A
= AA-AAA iMicommunitya I.
A the
E=A
A
nk
` AA-_-= A
_i_
= corn-
.21_-M_ _ 1-w
-=AT- T_A A.-,
reh
- - _ --_ 7
A
--a -V ---1 I. _ a #
t
*I'm;Aa.
w-
4,
A
EcThr b [1-0 CPW
u work thantime WV.=If 'ye
earmarking av-,k04 I/ I
quota of for put} who&rgii t-.,14td
47:)
They t,
fl1a: _34-7 7'p .
t,
I a
L_.46
QL
1
of yo r:Lple.
' L
!+b -r ,I
To
veal- may
DM.tcg..ca U' 0--wor
RuaCIO
IOW
f
that rI cal Aloneton
a-t[I]
tr] ,TkrOy
.
,
%
11
$1
and
surviv
gr-t
of
of advane1
umuke
+.1
be agide to thNie edupmviding thme of pupilsmore through the school-
program wexril to a full-program. explore
typesthe
of a certaintime still
What scop for the may in thewhat meet reduceAremain to he seen. a is
must prove to
the stu an
beyond and bea
tvy help that, while
enced, isit must be a meaha
stAnding and woperation among people, workers,and
Ito
. .
t - -r
.
t
LiTU rrT jy TOic*c)L ANU tY F;cjIAMs:
y=f # IM i Security
U s t
-- a-_3
I
I ,c.a Ural and .
indi-I riiIai rr=rui Trnn,t- cete the ther K': ¿I=L dL IJ1Ij WF T%I i= r r-= '= k-- ----- t t i - - -
; of Yi w - =J - =-Y T'i iI i L L ( I i t! I : W t i U part ii I iL- :-_ ì
r hours. The - this - for!Ll=!!! ( ! i T!f- ! !W
-:IJ -= =-t:
u :Ljjj
LMIW=fl î of h uI r tTfl! ti - i ri peAcetime -fl--i t ir-
Jt 1c'Jii;LIc' L &U'ZI3 avaitame on ï'rogr&tnif-r t-iHlti t- +_y_ i ; r cv f i n t they- = -= w - I - _-_ - - - -=- = -= =- w--.- - - - - -- - - - . - - - -=-
rt4Ivp- -- rIi1A:t-iPrÎ im in iiÑ Tw9irV iii= -= = - L = t --- =-==-.= g--=-= -
information 1;:I other t
LLI ;:'u on arraniien In
;tii iLiAJ -y-W -LJtJUt VLItJ .T1141 flJflXI1I
anti uT:k rt time thirin school hc:uri-
mn:òiïkn ir yrdtd !;îi flp kH wra[Ír the:L school L ¿- . - - - JTT1II 1i1kk UI iflLVi1i!TL u'JTTÇ 1tli
tin:-e ior njir
? D cite &icI merely make an arranent iii thI___. -
I'JrogtRi TITi =iELt t it Ä\- .
i_ _z __À
LtIt=.- the EBawl =-- -z--- g
i_P_;-; 1(311(1W liii 1L1UiIVifltI TiiflìT. - --
t_iii= the -i= wwIz-_IIi 11Ml=-=-=---
--
;í, 5g
s - -
-
ásr.-
Wastainz--4
a
MAY " 9e4La»
18 Wqr:-;--A
pmi--i-tracs
$
th
A
c*,
Mar-%
k of IL For example, L isOf CA 1;4 11 IP _71
#'-go "1_,t7L-fe e for auems, in a ackG-1,11-1)wo
h:.!--frec--::: n I students. L tes cf course, obviousonlyrii__at with the cooperation of indifsi..,-..ef that the ritsw'thig service to
schools tis cooperate kiv f. !Cjustifies our a.kiAtag- r information, United
Ae_mt's Imrrou hve decided ndriThe CbiTri w.
features 1-w
in the ucoitJu-A who divides h7-
Ear
are totem im .r1
work.school-work
1P
between
a `oni,
for
vt.1
ri
-- ye
of
or
-r
ta
t-2-1
fl110S-4...aumr., =awe,
C)'
forelitlyar
the 64.14iiaz
_
1
2
sfe
ADDRESSED SCIW -tpfw&-ff-u-rt
cyOF E- ULATION
25, D. C.
CI W-L-4
I
od&AIM
tbe
point to the ne*--A a studybelieveci that the analysis experience bein clarifying
for thatsuch a study can be
systans. In the educa-tion the
the Statm of EAucationand the to a joint studyof school-work program& inter-m.1Mprmarily in the employmimt, of programsthe Gffice of Diucation featurft. Roth agencla
time schooland
to
frompart time
ar mes
dent's rele.sm frcal
psuitable
he?
Imsing
- --.
1=- M
The pjk=iae cir iix& for tk;ì li
--- your L bang - - -w=ii-- _J i L :
- ! i-3- '- = i__ -= -= - - - - - - -- :
:!:i=:- :: -- t -= --- = ff_ =- - - - _; =_jL -= i
meet ïzJs T I i to zI-4o tudrz tn mc:nwrti= k------ t i i L i ¡ X IA i i !i i- I yI= yi=J LUZAti
of ,=-- ---i --
-iIrifl -
iie- - - 1ïJi. -- wïr (1) rr-- -=---- -.' rotaryt ±_L . -
iIm-iT:lÁrv to P1ÏtfTT !j- - - rT .
t , 1-=u_1
i LI WY WW L=
i Ï _ other- = =-- - - - - =- -=A'
_iI-'=--=- you iT the total Animas- I - = ¡ -==
- -- = _Li1 i!:
-==
iL=--- ___1_ _
1iLX! and the -
suchLJ4 ¡L L1Wi a& flifl:IhPY ci! tu'- w =i h- ' =!1UC from Ufl']i for t ìn
i-- i i you - _ - - t show - -
released-w -_ =-=
i-k--
= % _j i : =T T-,-- ,- -=- _==-4
LA;'=1 ii:i iir- number years c and nv; id th!- r
£=- 4L_-_;j=;
. - - type - :- _-.-i_! i i i z i i i i Í T .iWL1& W11 .
::t:' 1T2'I ior r
iiii üüiiii T1! will help t J=- 14__
= -
L=:= t
-=- -v-= -
'-=-- ____1__ _ t-7 I Ti w i =-= = i J ______- -= =- == A _ L I L- ,ç,- == - --
or '!xIDhe tflL LYD O3 in h tt4it
4Â operation (!: ucc*-i H re4-woH-I a iwg
a; .= - -
i I;£- - T i T
Iww i j: I M I 1 E--- --. .
wishto: to . .:---i
'-
I
2 '. -J w STtDI:BAKri_
Corn7T1O7LT
tT=_ t ==-:;wT iTL fct t U1 P
,
(r
4 :';I
;:_:
_:_ -J--
-1-a" tal J.
k71t'r 1-%
-=rr
4 t.0
g-
r,
_
tS r4:1
,e
workrmstion
vNeri avirL*-xiesea
vmait'
.4;
0_1 cd1 for war rfIplorzytraot 7_3=
tO 114121-1- 0
W.r
ix
_
01--Ar andnc w
.ertee will youwhich
17r.rP,
or
_
_
alo
4
eawz, iy-ou
Is,
E
I r---7
tt
..
I'11-4..`
t
SP
z a ; .= 1, 1 -
t
.4=
kfd o aIs is also
-e, Is toAS
an to s as partan pre-
a careeer or,
Isl.-t
fymra, 16 age
1a&uig pupjI for
otjobs which s
ours., supervision ofJr1 ex zriencie sp_K1
n u light of your alw indieat theand tttchniqum you believe are
e oryanization
this insend it,
4