ergonomic risk identification and assessment - identification and assessment tool
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
1/54
ERGONOMIC RISK IDENTIFICATION
AND ASSESSMENT TOOL
Prepared for:
Prepared by:
CAPP and CPPI
Ergonomics Working Group
Technical content provided by:
BC Research Inc.
Suite 880 - 401 9 th Avenue SW
Gulf Canada SquareCalgary, Alberta T2P 3C5
Version 1.0, January 2000
Canadian Association
of Petroleum Producers
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
2/54TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page #
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................................1
Process Overview and Flowchart.........................................................................................................................2
Level 1 - Risk Identification ....................................................................................................................................4
The Basics of Musculoskeletal Injury Risk Identification ............................................................................5
Form A Signs and Symptoms Questionnaire ..................................................................................................8
Form B Ergonomic Task Identification ..............................................................................................................10
Level 1: Summary Form .........................................................................................................................................11
Level 2 - Risk Assessment.........................................................................................................................................12
Form C Task Procedures........................................................................................................................................13
Form D: Primary Risk Rating - Back, Legs, Neck ...........................................................................................15
Form E: Primary Risk Rating - Upper Limb .....................................................................................................16
Form F: Forces and Contact Stresses ..................................................................................................................17
Form G: Organizational Factors..........................................................................................................................18
Form H: Environmental Factors ..........................................................................................................................19
Form I: Sitting Workstation Layout (including driving) ..............................................................................20
Form J: Non-sitting Workstation Layout ..........................................................................................................21
Form K: Computer Workstation Layout............................................................................................................22
Level 2: Summary Form .........................................................................................................................................23
Level 3 - Risk Control ..................................................................................................................................................24
Reducing the Risk of MSI at Computer Workstations - The Basics .......................................25
Definitions............................................................................................................................................................................32
References .............................................................................................................................................................................34
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
3/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Ergonomic risk identification and assessment tools have been developed to assist workers and health and safety
personnel to identify and prioritize tasks which place workers at significant risk of musculoskeletal injuries. The
goal of implementing these tools is to reduce work related musculoskeletal injuries. The tools will also help
identify areas where ergonomic solutions are needed to improve workers health, comfort and performance atwork. This tool has been developed to address both office and field work environments in a comprehensive and
systematic manner. Please read carefully through this instruction booklet and all of the forms and definitions.
Recognizing the common need to generically address computer workstation risk factors, a "short cut" section
(pages 25 to 31) has been included to provide a simplified process that workers can use to directly reduce
individual risk to most musculoskeletal injuries related to computer use. The complete assessment tools should
be comprehensively applied to address individual and/or complex computer workstation risk situations.
These tools are intended to supplement and support existing worksite injury management processes, providing
operations with a systematic process to assess and control ergonomic risk factors. Only minimal reduction in
musculoskeletal injuries will be achieved if these tools are used in isolation, or in the absence of effective injury
reporting and investigation processes, worker fitness-to-work assessments and comprehensive injury case
management, including capability assessment and worker accommodation processes.
For comprehensive results, a cross section of workers with different height, weight, gender, experience, injury
history, etc. should be assessed. If seasonal aspects affect the tasks these must also be considered. In order to
ensure that different assessors get similar results, initially complete the process at least twice on the same worker
and compare results.
This tool has been developed based on existing literature and the experience of the participating
ergonomists. It has not been scientifically validated. The risk scores are based on a number of risk
factors that assist in prioritizing tasks based on the overall degree of risk to musculoskeletal injury. With
this in mind, tasks which are scored as medium or high risk indicate that these tasks should receive
medium or high priority for ergonomic controls. Due to the high degree in individual variability, this
tool does not provide a means of directly linking ergonomic risk factors with resulting musculoskeletalinjury. It is advised that this tool be used, only after users have received education from individuals
trained in the area of ergonomics, and understand the application of the tool.
For further information, or to forward suggestions for revisions, please contact:
Phone: 403-267-1100
Fax: 403-266-3214
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 403-266-7565
Fax: 403-269-9367
Email: [email protected]
Canadian Association
of Petroleum Producers
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
4/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 2
OVERVIEW
PROCESS OVERVIEW AND FLOWCHART
A three level process is summarized in the Risk Identification & Assessment Flowchart on the next page, and briefly
described below:
Level Description Lead
1 Identify tasks which may expose workers tosignificant risk of musculoskeletal injuries:
review of injury statistics
review of reported signs & symptoms
significant ergonomic risks perceived
(Train workers in the Basics of Musculoskeletal
Injury Identification - page 5)
Operations; site health & safety
2 Systematic assessment of task identified byoperations in Level 1, and any additional tasksidentified by occupational health and hygiene
specialists.
Risk-based prioritization of tasks
Occupational health & hygiene(Ergonomist may be required)
3 Evaluate and implement appropriate risk controlsolutions, involving:
site health and safety
representative(s),
worker representative (performing the
task), ergonomist,
engineer, and/or
management representative
Control Solution Team
(team composition depends upon
nature of the risk and task requiring
control measures)
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
5/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 3
OVERVIEW
FLOWCHART
Level 1
Risk
Identification
Site Health & Safety
Operations
Level 2
Risk
Assessment
& Prioritization
Occupational Health
& Hygiene
Ergonomist
Level 3
Risk
Control
SiteControl
Solution
Team
Level 2
assessment
required?
Identify tasks associated with MSI injuries review first aid, injury and WCB statistics
review event investigation reports
Identify tasks at risk to MSI injuries review reported signs and symptoms of pain or discomfort (Form A)
review of tasks with perceived ergonomic risk factors (Form B)
complete Level 1Summary Form
Describe task procedures describe specific steps/actions for each task (Form C)
Determine level of risk complete assessment worksheets (Forms D- K)
complete Level 2
Summary Form
NO
YES
Low
Risk
High/
MediumRisk?
YES
Detailed analysis high risk - immediately
medium risk - action plan
Develop control measures
Control Solution Team identify and evaluate control options
Implement control measures evaluate effectiveness
Acceptable risk Monitor review if task demands change
review if an MSI injury occurs
or reported signs and symptoms
NO
YES
Worker Education identifying and reporting MSI signs and symptoms
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
6/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 4
RISK
LEVEL 1: RISK IDENTIFICATION
PURPOSE:
Identify tasks which expose workers to risk of musculoskeletal injuries.
LEVEL 1 STEPS
Risk Identification 1. Review medical and event records for the past 3 years (medical, first aid, near miss, and
health event reports) and identify tasks associated with discomfort or injuries. For tasks with
injuries progress immediately to Level 2 Intervention.
2. Train all workers in The Basics of Musculoskeletal Injury Risk Identification, including
typical ergonomic stressors- see page 5
3. Survey all workers using Form A (Signs and Symptoms Questionnaire) and identify tasks
associated with discomfort.
4. Complete Form B (Ergonomic Task Identification) with all work groups and identify tasks
associated with ergonomic stressors.
5. Complete Level 1 Intervention Summary Form to identify tasks requiring Level 2 intervention.
6. Indicate when Level 2 Intervention will be performed on this task. Priority for action should
be based on the frequency the task is performed.
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
7/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 5
THE BASICS
The Basics of Musculoskeletal Injury Risk Identification
(Adapted from the British Columbia Workers Compensation Board draft document Understanding the Physical Demands of Your Job:
Understanding the Basics of Musculoskeletal Injury (MSI) Risk Identification, August 15, 1998)
Many of the ways you work - such as lifting, reaching, or repeating the same movements - may strain your body. Wear and
tear on muscles, tissues, ligaments and joints can injure your neck, shoulders, arms, wrists, legs and back. These injuries are
called musculoskeletal injuries, or MSI.
In order to help prevent musculoskeletal injuries to yourself and co-workers, you should:
recognize the signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal injury (MSI),
understand the potential health effects of this type of injury,
be able to identify risk factors in your work that may lead to MSI,
understand the responsibilities of both workers and employers to prevent MSI
1. Signs and Symptoms of MSI
The demands placed on your body from your daily activities at work and at home can cause musculoskeletal injuries(MSI). You should be able to recognize the early signs and symptoms of MSI, so steps can be taken to avoid further risks
and so you seek treatment quickly if necessary. The risk of work related injuries can be reduced if your job is well
designed to minimize the physical demands.
Signs and symptoms of an injury developing can appear suddenly or gradually over a longer period.
A sign can be observed, such as: A symptom can be felt, but cannot be observed, such as:
- swelling - numbness
- redness - tingling
- difficulty moving a body part - pain
a) Potential health effects:
Conditions such as back strains, tendinitis, other strains, or carpal tunnel syndrome may develop. This may affect
your ability to do your job. Your doctor can treat musculoskeletal injuries with methods including splints,
medication, ice, physical therapy, or even surgery. These injuries are easier to treat if they are discovered early.
b) What to do if you have signs or symptoms of MSI
Dont ignore early signs and symptoms. If you are experiencing signs or symptoms of MSI:
let your supervisor know if you think that they are related to work
let your company Health Advisor know
tell a member of your site occupational health and safety committee
visit your family doctor, especially if unrelated to work
2. Risks of MSI
Some factors of your job can contribute to the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. These are called risk factors. Two or more
risk factors can overlap, which can increase the risk of injury. The primary risk factors for MSI are the physical
demands of a task, including:
force
work posture
repetition
duration
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
8/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 6
THE BASICS
contact stress
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
9/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 7
THE BASICS
These physical demands can result from:
the layout and condition of the workplace or work station
the objects handled to perform a task
These physical demands can by made worse by:
environmental conditions at the workplace
the ways tasks are organized
a) Force
The force exerted by a worker to counteract a load is a primary risk factor. Your muscles and tendons can be
overloaded when you apply a strong force against a load. A risk can also occur over time by repeatedly applying a
weaker force. These conditions can result from:
lifting, pushing, pulling carrying
gripping, pinching, holding
stopping a moving object or resisting the kickback from tools
The effects of these factors can be made worse by:
slippery or odd shaped objects which are difficult to hold
handles on tools, or objects that are tool small or too large
awkward body positions, such as bending down, reaching forward or reaching overhead vibrating tools or equipment
poorly fitted or inappropriate gloves
b) Work Posture
Posture refers to the position you assume to do a task. Awkward positions force the muscles to work harder and
stress ligaments, such as when any part of the body bends or twists away from a comfortable position. Awkward
positions can result from:
looking up to work overhead
reaching at or above shoulder height
working at floor level
transferring items across in front of the body
the position or shape of tools and equipment
using a tool (such as turning the forearm when using a screwdriver)
a poor visual environment (such as bending forward to view small components)
lack of clearance or confined areas
The effects of posture can be made worse by:
applying force in an awkward position (such as strong grip with a bent wrist, or lifting while stooped
over)
holding the position for a prolonged period, or repeatedly moving into an awkward position
c) Duration
Time factors affect the workers exposure to risk. The longer the task with the risk factor is performed, the higher the
risk of MSI.
d) Repetition
Using the same body part over and over to perform a task puts you at risk of MSI. The risk of injury can increase
when:
the task or motion is repeated at high frequency
there is not enough of a rest period to allow the stressed muscle or body part to recover.
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
10/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 8
THE BASICS
e) Local Contact Stress
Contact stress occurs when a hard object comes in contact with a small area of the body. The skin and the tissues
beneath it can be injured from the pressure. Local contact stress can result from:
ridges on tool handles digging into fingers
edges of work surfaces digging into forearms or wrists
striking objects with the hand, foot, or knee
The effects of local contact stress can be made worse if: the hard object contacts an area without much protective tissue, such as the wrist, palm or fingers
pressure is applied repeatedly or held for a long time.
3. How to identify risks
Think about your job. Identify the physical demands in your work which can be risk factors. Think about objects you
handle and the environment in which you work. Are these linked to the physical demands you have identified as risk
factors? Do they increase the demands on your body? Does the time you spend doing a particular task or the number of
times you perform the task increase the physical demands?
Report your observations to your supervisor and members of your site occupational health and safety committee. Sinceit is the work that you perform regularly, you have perhaps the best insights into the demands of your job, and you are in
a good position to identify and help prevent risks of MSI.
4. Responsibilities
To help determine which jobs are at risk for MSI, employers and worker representatives should review the injury and
worker compensation claim statistics and first aid records. Worker interviews, surveys, questionnaires and task
observation may also be used.
a) Supervisors should ensure
workers are educated about the risk factors, signs and symptoms of MSI, and their potential health
effects worker representatives are consulted when identifying, assessing and controlling risk factors, as well
as when evaluating these controls. In addition, supervisors should consult worker representatives
regarding the content and scheduling of worker education and training
b) Occupational health advisors and hygienists should ensure
factors in the workplace that may expose workers to a risk of MSI are identified
these risks are properly assessed and minimized, or if possible, eliminated
workers who report signs and symptoms of MSI are consulted when assessing risks. Other workers
who perform the task being assessed must also be consulted during this process.
worker education and training includes MSI sign and symptoms and key risk factors.
c) Workers should follow established safe work procedures
report any signs and symptoms of MSI to a supervisor and/or company Health Advisor
participate in any MSI task analysis or investigation process
5. Test your knowledge
What are the factors in your job that could lead to musculoskeletal injury?
What are the early signs and symptoms of MSI?
To whom do you report signs and symptoms?
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
11/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 9
THE BASICS
What can happen if early signs and symptoms are ignored?
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
12/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 8
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Form A: Signs and Symptoms Questionnaire
As part of an Ergonomics Program, this questionnaire has been designed to gather baseline information on the signs and
symptoms you may be experiencing. This information will help identify areas where ergonomic solutions might be needed
to improve your health, comfort and performance at work. The questions ask general information which will help identify
where specific problems might exist followed by questions on how your body feels after your shift.
If you have specific concerns, would like some individual attention, or would like to get more involved with the Ergonomics
Program, please let us know in the comments section at the end of this page.
COMPLETE QUESTIONS 1 - 12
1. What is your job title? ________________________ Employee number
2. Years of experience at this job? Years Job Function _____________________________
3. What is your work site? ________________________
4. Work Schedule: q Day q Afternoon q Evening
5. Length of work day? _______hrs 6. Do you work (rotating) shifts? q Yes q No
7.Are you: q Female q Male
8. Age: q 60
9.Are you: q Right-handed q Left-
handed
q Both
10.What is your height? _____ft _____in. OR _______ cm
11. What is your weight? (optional) q 260lb
12. Are you currently on any medication? ______________________________________________________________________
Release of information consent: The information obtained from FORM A will be used as part of the Hazard
Management Program. Information will be considered confidential.
I agree that the information I provide can be used as part of the Hazard Management Program.
Signed_______________________________ Date: __________________
Witness__________________________
i ndi vi dual basis, or hav e any ot her concerns, pl ease prov i de your name and w ork
locati on below .
Name: ___________________________________ Work Locat i on: _______________
Comments:
Please complete the body part discomfort survey on the next page.
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
13/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 9
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:
In the table below, please record any task related signs or symptoms you have experienced in the past
month along with the body part (use figure below) in which you have felt the discomfort. Rate the
discomfort using a 3 point scale where;
1 Slight pain and fatigue noticed at the end of the task or end of day; daily living
unaffected
2 Moderate pain and fatigue noticed throughout the day; daily living minimally affected
3 Severe pain and fatigue even during rest and after work, or any numbness or tinglingexperienced, daily living restricted.
Column A Column B Column C
Body Part
(name or #)
Severity of pain or
fatigue
Frequency of
discomfort
(i.e. 1/month;1/week; >1/week;
1/Day and # of hrs)
List the tasks you
associate with this
discomfort
For tasks listed in
column B, do you
find these taskshighly mentally
stressful?
Frequency and
duration task is
performed(i.e. 1/month;
1/week; >1/week;
1/Day and # of hrs)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
History of symptoms:
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
14/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 10
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Summarize results in the Level 1 Summary Form (page 11) and
Proceed to Form 2: Ergonomic Task Identification (page 10)
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
15/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 10
TASK IDENTIFICATION
Form B: Ergonomic Task Identification
In consultation with worksite health & safety representatives.
Date: _____________________________ Facilitated by: ______________________
Work Group: _______________________ Work Site: __________________________
Attendees: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1. Please list any tasks which you feel are associated with one or more of the perceived risks (ergonomic stressors) listed in the table
below. Also consider:
discomfort and exposure to cold temperature without appropriate PPE
working reaches, working heights, seating and the characteristics of any objects being handled.
consider floor surfaces, work recovery cycles and task variability as contributors to effort
2. Place a Yes or No in the appropriate space to identify the perceived risks.
3. In the last column estimate the frequency and duration a worker would perform this task.
4. Please list identifiable tasks as opposed to general actions.
Task name Perceived risk Frequency aDuration ta
performed
(a distinct work
activity comprised
of several steps or
actions)
Moderate or
Severe Body Part
Discomfort?
(Y/N)
Awkward
Work
Postures?
(Y/N)
High
Effort or
Force?
(Y/N)
High
Repetition
or Work
Rate? (Y/N)
Contact
Stress on
Skin?
(Y/N)
High
Mental
Stress?
(Y/N)
1/mont
1/week
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
16/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool
LEVEL 1 SUMMARY
LEVEL 1 SUMMARY FORM
RISK IDENTIFICATION
Date: _____________________________ Facilitated by:
Work Group: _______________________ Work Site:
Task Outcomes Potential Risk Factors Frequency/Duration
Action
As described in
Forms A& B
Accidents &
Injuries orMusculoskeletal
injuries
associated with
the task
(Y/N)
Reported
discomfort as perForm A for all
tasks with
severity of 2 or 3.
(Y/N)
From Form
B all taskswith
perceived
risk factors
(Y/N)
1/month;
1/week;>1/week;
1/Day,&
# of hrs
Recommendation Who When
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
17/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool
LEVEL 1 SUMMARY
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
18/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 13
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 2: RISK ASSESSMENT AND PRIORITIZATION
PURPOSE:
Assess the risks in tasks identified in Level 1, and
prioritize as High, Medium and Low risk requirement for further intervention
LEVEL 2 STEPS
Risk Assessment Complete Level 2 Intervention for each task identified in the Level 1 Intervention Summary Form
1. Gather background information on the task, if possible (task description and equipment
used).
2. Observe and video workers performing task Video workers from both the front and sides.
3. Complete Form C (Task Procedures) following the directions on the form.
4. Complete Form D, Primary Risk Rating for Back, Legs, and Neck, and Form E, Primary
Risk Rating for Upper Limb using the following directions (Note: the only difference
between Form D and E is that Form E requires separate scores for the right and left limbs:
a) Observe the worker or review video as necessary.
b) For each body part (row), the maximum score for each cell is 1, except the daily exposure
cell which may score up to 3. Headings in the first row describe scoring.
c) To determine the daily exposures for different body parts use the table on page 14.
d) Sum the scores in each row and place the total in the Total score column which is the
last column on the right.
e) Where necessary consult with the worker as he/she may be in a better position to
provide:
i. Estimates of forces applied or lifted during tasks;
ii. Exposure (i.e. cumulative amount of time spent doing this task in a day);
iii. Thoughts on improving ergonomics of task.
a) Complete the summary and score section at the bottom of the page using directions
given.
5. Complete Forms F to K (Compounding Factors)
a) Observe the workers or review video of workers performing the work cycle.
b) For each factor, read across the row and select the most appropriate risk rating and
record it in the SCORE column on the right.
c) If the factor does not exist place a 0 in the SCORE cell. Sum the SCORE column and
record the result in the TOTAL SCORE cell indicated.d) If a factor falls between two ratings, choose the rating level with the highest risk.
e) Complete the Summary and Score section at the bottom of each form.
6. Complete Level 2 Summary Form to identify tasks requiring hazard controls.
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
19/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 14
TASK PROCEDURE
Form C: Task Procedures
Date: ___________________________________ Job Title: _____________________
Work Site: _______________________________ Job Task: ______________________
Worker Name: ___________________________ Frequency Task is Performed: ______________________1. List actions/steps in the task. Consult with worker to make sure you have documented all steps and perceived
problems.
2. Estimate time each action takes.
3. List the perceived ergonomic risks in the task (or steps), and suggested improvements.
4. Describe equipment used and duration it is used.
5. Describe personal protective equipment (PPE) used.
TASK DETAILS
Steps/ Actions Description Duration
(hr/min)
Comments (from worker and
assessor regarding perceived
problems and suggested
improvements).
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATED
List the machinery and equipment or tools operated. Provide weight & workstation dimensions Duration tool is used
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
List the personal protective equipment used.
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
20/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 15
TASK PROCEDURE
Use the following page for field notes then go to Forms D and E
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
21/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 16
TASK PROCEDURE
Form C continued: FIELD NOTES:
This form is to provide you with additional space for field notes. In Part 1, consider the tasks listed on Form C1 and expand on the
task activities. Note any significant information that will impact on how the task is performed, such as the amount of time required
for steps/actions, constraints on the worker, workstation considerations or equipment issues. Use Part 2 to determine the amount of
time that the person spends in a particular task activity. This information can then be used in Forms D and E to estimate exposure
information.
Part 1: Task Procedures:
Part 2: Daily Exposure Estimation for body parts
Col. A Col. B Col. C Col. D Col. E Col. F Col. G.
Task activity Task activity
time (per cycle)
Number #
of cycles
per day
Total daily
time spent in
activity
Body part
using
awkward
postures
during
activity
Percent of
activity in which
awkward posture
used
Exposure
Formula:
Col. B * Col. C
Formula:
Col. D * Col. F
e.g. off loading fuel 20 mins 8 20*8=160
minsLegs
Back
Shoulder
Wrists
Legs 50%
back 50%
shoulder 25%
wrists 5%
Legs = 80 mins
back = 80 mins
shoulder = 40 mins
wrists = 8 mins
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
22/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 17
TASK PROCEDURE
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
23/54
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
24/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool
PRIMARY RISK RANKING
Form D: PRIMARY RISK RATING: BACK, LEGS AND NECK
Date: ______________________ Job Title: ______________________Work Site: __________________ Job Task: ______________________1. Observe the worker(s) performing the task or review video. For detailed directions for Forms D and E refer to page 14.
2. Score the task in the columns below. In score chart, associate postures, forces etc. with steps A,B,C (from Form C).
3. Total the scores for each body part (row) and place the result in the TOTAL SCORE column on the right.
If the factor does not exist place a 0 in the SCORE cell.
Note: Think of a 4.5kg (10 lb) force as comparable to the force required to lift a bag of sugar.
*Score if force or repetition exceeded in any posture (not just postures which are shown).
Exposure Rating Table
Daily Exposure Score
0 - 10 min. 0
11 - 30 min 0.5
31 - 60 min 1
1 hr - 2 hrs 1.5
2 hrs - 4 hrs 2
>4 hrs 3
with suitable recovery - 1
BODY PART Score 1for each
awkward posture that is present
Score 1if an awkward
posture is heldmore than:
*Score 1if the force is
more than:
*Score 1if the same action
is repeated:
Score 1if there is
contact stresson skin
Daily Exposureto any of the
preceding(Score using table
above)
TOTSCO
bybod
paMax 1 Max 1 Max 1 Max 1
LegsAre the legs ever
exposed to any of
the following? Kneeling
(1 or 2 legs)Using foot pedal or
standing on 1 legSquat Climbing
(> 20 steps)
(> 30 sec) (4.5kg/10lb) (>5 timesper min)
Back:
StandingIs the Back ever
exposed to any of
he followin ?:
Lateral Flexion
>20 Twisted >20
Forward Flexion
>20
(> 30 sec) (9kg/20lb)(i.e., lifting, carrying,
pushing pulling)
(>5 timesper min)
Back: SittingIs the worker
exposed to any of
the following
while sitting?Lateral Flexion
>20Twisted >20
Poor Support from
Backrest or
Sitting for
> 4 hrs per day
(> 20 sec) Force(>9kg/20lb)
(>1 timeper min)
NeckIs the neck
exposed to any of
the following? Lateral Flexion
>20
Twisted >20 Forward Flexion
>20 Extension >5
(> 20 sec)Heavy PPE
headgear with
flexion or extension.
(e.g., welding
helmets)
(>4 timesper min)
n/a
COMPLETE THE SUMMARY AND SCORE SECTION BELOW: LOW MED HIG
Maximum Total Score: If your maximum value in the shaded area is greater than 0 and less than 5.5checkLow; 5.5 to 7- checkMediumand greater than 7- check High.
q q q
Summary Risk Score: Count the number of 7 scores entered in the total column and record in the Low, Med. andHigh boxes to the right.
Provide general comments and list actions which were associated with High or Medium Risk scores:
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
25/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool
PRIMARY RISK RANKING
Form E: PRIMARY RISK RATING: UPPER LIMB1. Score left and right limbs separately. Score the task in the columns below. In score chart, associate postures, forces etc. with steps A,B,C
(from Form C).
2. Use the L and the R to fill in left and right scores respectively. If the factor does not exist place a 0 in the SCORE cell
*Score if force or re etition exceeded for an osture (not ust ostures which are shown).
Exposure Rating Table
Daily Exposure Score
0 - 10 min. 0
11 - 30 min 0.5
31 - 60 min 1
1 hr - 2 hrs 1.5
2 hrs - 4 hrs 2
BODY PART Score 1 for each awkward posture that is present Score 1 If a n
awkward posture is
held more than:
*Score 1 if the
force is more than:
*Score 1 if an action
is repeated:
Score 1 if there is
contact stress on
skin (Pressure
Points)
Daily Exposure to
any of the preceding
(Score using table
above)
OTAL SCO
y body p
Max 1 Max 1 Max 1 Max 1
L R L R L R (>20 sec) (4.5kg/10lb) (>4 times per min)ShoulderIs the shoulder
exposed to any of the
following:Reaching
>45 or
across the
body
Reaching to
side>45 Reaching
behind
L R L R L R L R L R
LEFT_
RIGHT_
L R L R L R (>20 sec) (>4.5kg/10lb)
(>4 times per min)Arms/ElbowIs the forearmor
elbow exposed to
any of the following: Forearm
Rotation
Flexion
> 100Flexion < 60
L R L R L R L R L R
LEFT_RIGHT_
L R L R L R L R (>20 sec) (4.5kg/10lb)
(>4 times per min)Hand/WristIs the hand or wrist
exposed to any of the
following?Flexion >20
(Wrist down)
Extension
>30
(Wrist up)
Deviation
toward little
finger >10
Deviation
toward thumb
>10
L R L R L R L R L R
LEFT_RIGHT_
L R L R L R L R (>20 sec) (>4.5kg/10lb or Pinch Grip
>1kg/2 lb)
(>4 times per min)Finger GraspIs the hand exposed
to any of the followingPinch Grip Finger Press Open or
Tight Grip
Gloves present
catch point
hazard.
L R L R L R L R L R
LEFT_RIGHT_
COMPLETE THE SUMMARY AND SCORE SECTION BELOW: LOW MED. HIGH
Maximum Total Score: If your maximum value in the shaded area is greater than 0 and less than 5.5- checkLow; 5.5 to 7- check
Medium and greater than 7- check High. q q q
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
26/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool
PRIMARY RISK RANKING
Summary Risk Score:Count the number of 7 scores entered in the total column and record in the Low,
Provide general comments and list actions which were associated with High or Medium Risk scores:
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
27/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 22
FORCES + CONTACT STRESSES
FORM F: Forces and Contact Stresses
(This Form was adapted from the Assessment Worksheets provided by the WCB of BC)
Date: ______________________ Job Title: ______________________
Work Site: __________________ Job Task: ______________________
1. Observe the worker(s) performing the work cycle. Consult with worker as required. Complete Forms F to K.2. For each factor, read across the row and select the most appropriate risk rating and record it in the SCORE column
on the right. If the factor does not exist place a 0 in the SCORE cell.
3. Sum the SCORE column and record the result in the TOTAL SCORE cell indicated.
If a factor falls between two ratin s, choose the ratin level with the hi hest risk.
Factor Ratin level SCORE
Low Risk Moderate Risk Hi h Risk record
1 2 3 0,1,2 or 3
Weight of object lifted, pushed, pulled or
rotated.
Less than 8 kg (17 lbs) for
two hands, and less than
4 kg (8.5 lbs) for one
hand.
8-23 kg. (17-51 lbs) for
two hands, and 4-11.5
kg (8.5-25 lbs) for one
hand.
More than 23 kg (51 lbs)
for two hands, and
more than 11.5 kg (25
lbs) for one hand.
Location of load (>17lb) at start or end of lift. Between hip and shoulder. Between knee and hip
height.
Below knee level, or
Above shoulder level.
Carrying a load (>17lb). Less than 3 m (10 ft). 3-9 m (10-30 ft). More than 9 m (30 ft).
Characteristics of load (any weight). The load is easy to carry
considering size, shape,
and weight distribution,
and has appropriate
handles.
The load is manageable
in terms of size, shape,
weight distribution and
handles.
The load is awkward to
carry due to its size,
shape, or weight
distribution and does not
have handles.
Pushing, pulling or rotating a load. Less than 2 m (6.5 ft). 2-60 m (6.5-200 ft). More than 60 m (200 ft).
Seated or squatted lifting or lowering. Less than 1 kg (2 lbs). 1-5 kg (2-11 lbs). More than 5 kg. (11 lbs).
Contact stress from an object. Workers report little/no
pressure is exerted on the
skin.
Workers report some
pressure is exerted on
the skin
Marks or depressions
left on the skin, or high
pressure on skin.
Uses hand or body part with force, to strike
an object or tool or body part is subjected to
impact force.
Hand or body part impacts
soft material or rounded
object.
Hand or body part
occasionally* impacts
hard object or
experiences impact.
Hand or body part
frequently* impacts hard
object or experiences
impact.
*See definitions on page 37 for details. TOTAL SCORE
COMPLETE THE SUMMARY AND SCORE SECTION BELOW: LOW MED. HIGH
Forces and Contact Stresses Summary If your total score value is greater than 0 and less than10, check Low; between 10 and 16, check Med. And greater than 16, check High.
q q q
Forces and Contact Stresses Risk Score Count the number of 1,2 and 3 scores enteredin the SCORE Column and record in the Low, Med. and High boxes to the right. (Do not count 0)
Provide general comments and list the actions associated with High or Medium Risk scores:
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
28/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 23
FORCES + CONTACT STRESSES
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
29/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 24
ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS
FORM G: Organizational Factors(This Form was adapted from the Assessment Worksheets provided by the WCB of BC)
Date: ______________________ Job Title: ______________________
Work Site: __________________ Job Task: ______________________
If the factor is not applicable Score as 0. Consult with worker as required.
Factors Ratin level SCORE
Low Risk Moderate Risk Hi h Risk record
1 2 3 0,1,2 or 3
Daily work recovery cycles*. Daily work is consistent,
with regular pauses.
Daily work has
infrequent pauses.
Daily work has no regular
pauses.
Action recovery cycles. The worker is able to
take regular pauses
during the task, or
The task duration is
less than 1hr.
The worker is unable
to take pauses during
the task, and the task
duration is more than
1 hour and less than
4 hours.
The worker is unable to
take pauses during the
task, and the task
duration is more than 4
hours.
Task variability*. The variety of tasks
performed allows for the
use of different body
parts/muscle groups.
Tasks are repetitive
for short periods and
somewhat variable
throughout the entire
w orkday.
The work is
monotonous, or
Repetitive use of the
same body parts using
the same muscle
groups for long periods
of time.
Work rate*. No difficulty keeping
pace.
Slow or steady
motions.
Rapid steady motion
and/or difficulty keeping
up.
Workers control over the work. Worker has complete
control over work (some
flexibility with deadlines).
The work is paced
however the worker
has some flexibility
over daily deadlines.
Work is machine paced
and worker may not
modify the pace at will
(little flexibility with daily
deadlines).
Mental stress. Worker rarely finds this
task mentally stressful.
Worker sometimes
finds this task
mentally stressful
(specific occasion).
Worker always finds this
task mentally stressful.
TOTAL SCORE
*Refer to definitions section for further information on factors.
COMPLETE THE SUMMARY AND SCORE SECTION BELOW: LOW MED. HIGH
Organizational Factors Summary If your total score value is greater than0 and less than 9, check Low; between 9 and 14, checkMedium and greater
than 14, check High.
q q q
Organizational Factors Risk Score Count the number of 1,2 and3 scores entered in the SCORE column and record in the Low, Med. and
High boxes to the right. (Do not count 0)
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
30/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 25
ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS
Provide general comments and list the actions associated with High or Medium Risk scores:
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
31/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 26
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
FORM H: Environmental Factors
(This Form was adapted from the Assessment Worksheets provided by the WCB of BC)
Date: ______________________ Job Title: ______________________
Work Site: __________________ Job Task: ______________________
If the factor is not applicable Score as 0. Consult with worker as required.
Factors Ratin level SCORE
Low Risk Moderate Risk Hi h Risk record
1 2 3 0,1,2 or 3
Lighting conditions. Appropriate lighting
for task. Worker can
assume comfortable
work posture to see
task.
Occasional* lighting
changes result in
worker using
awkward posture
during work.
Low light level,
(e.g. worker
hunching over) or
High light level,
(e.g. worker may
attempt to avoid
glare by changingwork position).
Temperatures of objects handled. Comfortably warm
objects are handled
and hands are not
exposed to
uncomfortably cold
temperatures.
Object temperature
and hand temperature
are between those
described for 1 and
3.
The object is very
cold or
There is cold
exhaust on hands.
Noise level under usual conditions
(i.e., with hearing protection if usually worn).
Noise level is
comfortable and
unnoticeable.
Noise levels are
occasionally*
uncomfortable and
distracting.
Noise level is
frequently* annoying,
distracting or
producing hearing
loss?
Rate the vibration level. Vibration level iscomfortable and does
not cause concern.
Vibration level isnoticeable and
causes some
concern.
Vibration level isannoying or
uncomfortable.
Temperature of working conditions.
Please comment if seasonal changes affect
working conditions.
Working temperature
is comfortable and
unnoticeable.
Working temperature
is occasionally*
uncomfortable
Working temperature
is frequently*
uncomfortable and
appropriate PPE is not
available.
TOTAL SCORE
*Refer to definitions section for further information on factors.
COMPLETE THE SUMMARY AND SCORE SECTION BELOW: LOW MED. HIGH
Environmental Factors Summary If your total score value is greater than0 and less than 7, check Low; between 7 and 13, checkMedium and greater
than 13, check High.
q q q
Environmental Factors Risk Score Count the number of 1,2 and 3scores entered in the SCORE column and record in the Low, Med. and High
boxes to the right. (Do not count 0)
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
32/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 27
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Provide general comments and list the actions which were associated with High or Medium Risk scores:
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
33/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 28
SITTING WORKSTATION
Form I: Sitting Workstation Layout (not computer)Use this form for driving tasks and any tasks at a sitting workstation
(This Form was adapted from the Assessment Worksheets provided by the WCB of BC)
Date: ______________________ Job Title: _____________________
Work Site: __________________ Job Task: _____________________If the factor is not applicable Score as 0. Consult with worker as required.
Factor Ratin level SCORE
Low Risk Moderate Risk High Risk (record
1 2 3 0,1,2 or 3
Duration of sitting
required.
Operator is sitting for less than
4 hrs per day and does not sit
continuously for more than 1
hour.
Operator either sits for more
than 4 hrs or
Sits continuously for more
than 1 hour.
Operator sits for more than 4
hrs per day and sits
continuously for more than 1
hour without standing up.
Display setup (including
mirrors and gauges).
Displays can be referred to
easily without any movements
or altering forward attention.
Displays are referred to with
slight movements of the head or
other body parts and minimal
interruption of forward
attention.
Displays require complete
diversion of forward attention
and result in awkward
movements such as:
>45 forward trunk bending
>90 shoulder flexion in frontof body
>30 neck bending forward
or twisting to the left or right.
Visibility. Visibility is not blocked in any
direction from the operators
forward line of sight.
Visibility is blocked to the sides,
above or below the operators
forward line of sight.
Area in operators forward line
of sight is blocked severely
reducing visibility and/ or
awkward postures frequently
required to attain required line of
sight.
Horizontal reaches
while sitting.
Frequently used items or
controls are within 30 cm (12)
of operator.
Frequently used items are
within 37 cm (15) of operator.
Frequently used items are >37
cm (15) from operator.
Seated workstation
height or whilesquatting
0-20 forward trunk bending
0-45 arm raised fromshoulder in front of body
0-10 neck bent forward
0-10 neck bent back
20-45 forward trunk
bending 45-90 arm raised from
shoulder in front of body
10-30 neck bent forward
10-20 neck bent back
>45 forward trunk bending
>90 shoulder flexing in frontof body
>30 neck bending forward
>20 neck bending
backwards
Seat adjustability. The seat height, depth and
backrest are adjustable.
The seat can be adjusted in two
directions ( height,
depth or backrest).
Neither the seat height, depth
nor the backrest are adjustable.
Seat positioning. The feet rest on the floor (or
footrest) with knees at 90 and
the backrest supports the
natural curve of the spine.
Either the feet do not rest on
the floor (or footrest) with
knees at 90 or
the backrest does not
support the natural curve of the
spine.
Neither the feet rest on the floor
(or footrest) with knees at 90
nor does the backrest support
the natural curve of the spine.
TOTAL SCORE COMPLETE THE SUMMARY AND SCORE SECTION BELOW: LOW MED. HIGH
Work Station Summary If your total score value is greater than 0 and less than 9, checkLow; between 9 and 15, checkMed and greater than 15, check High.
q q q
Work Station Risk Score Count the number of 1,2 and 3 scores entered in the SCOREcolumn and record in the Low, Med. and High boxes to the right. (Do not count 0)
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
34/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 29
SITTING WORKSTATION
Provide general comments and list the actions associated with High or Medium Risk scores:
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
35/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 30
NON-SITTING WORKSTATION
Form J: Non-Sitting Workstation or Workplace Layout
(This Form was adapted from the Assessment Worksheets provided by the WCB of BC). Consider workstations where the worker
spends time both sitting and standing.
If the factor is not applicable Score as 0. Consult with worker as required.
Factor Rating level SCORE
Low Risk Moderate Risk Hi h Risk record
1 2 3 0,1,2 or 3
Horizontal reaches for
a standing work area or
workstation.
Frequently* used items are
within 45 cm (18) for one
handed reaches and 35 cm
(14) for two handed reaches.
Frequently* used items either
within 45 cm (18) for one
handed reaches or 35 cm (14)
for two handed reaches.
Frequently* used items are not
within 45 cm (18) for one
handed reaches nor 35 cm
(14) for two handed reaches.
Standing work area or
workstation height
0-20 forward trunk bending
0-45 arm raised from
shoulder in front of body
0-10 neck bent forward
0-10 neck bent back
20-45 forward trunk
bending -
45-90 arm raised from
shoulder in front of body
10-30 neck bent forward 10-20 neck bent back
>45 forward trunk bending
>90 shoulder flexing in front
of body
>30 neck bending forward
>20 neck bendingbackwards
Floor resiliency walking
and standing.
Floor or ground is springy (e.g.,
carpet, grass, cork tiling).
Floor is slightly springy (e.g.,
carpet no underlay).
or
Walks for 50% of day
or
Padded footwear worn.
Walking on hard floor or paved
surface (e.g., concrete) for
more than 50% of day and
inadequate footwear.
Footrests for workers
standing stationary
Anti-fatigue mat, or footrest
regularly used.
Footrest, mat (not anti-fatigue)
occasionally used.
or
Standing stationary with no
footrest or mat for less than 50%
of day.
or
Padded footwear worn.
Standing stationary at
workstation with no footrest or
mat for more than 50% of day.
Work area congested or
risks of slips and trips.
(e.g. obstacles,
environmental
conditions)
The work area is not congested
and there are no risks for slips
and trips.
The work area is congested
or
there are risks for slips and
trips.
The work area is congested
and
there are risks for slips and
trips.
*Frequently: items used several times per 15 minute period TOTAL SCORE
COMPLETE THE SUMMARY AND SCORE SECTION BELOW: LOW MED. HIGH
Work Station Summary If your total score value is greater than 0 and lessthan 6, check Low; between 6 and 10, checkMed and greater than 10,
check High.
q q q
Work Station Risk Score Count the number of 1,2 and 3 scoresentered in the SCORE column and record in the Low, Med. and High boxes
to the right. (Do not count 0)
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
36/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 31
NON-SITTING WORKSTATION
Provide general comments and list the actions which were associated with High or Medium Risk scores:
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
37/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 32
COMPUTER WORKSTATION
Form K: Computer Workstation Layout
(This Form was adapted from the Assessment Worksheets provided by the WCB of BC)
If the factor is not applicable Score as 0. Consult with worker as required.
Factor Ratin level SCORELow Risk Moderate Risk Hi h Risk
1 2 3 0,1,2 or3
Duration of computer
work.
Operator works at computer
workstation for less than 4
hrs/day and does not perform
continuous computer tasks for
>1 hour.
Operator either works at
computer workstation for >4 hrs
or
performs continuous
computer tasks for >1 hour.
Operator works at computer
workstation for greater than 4
hrs/day and performs
continuous computer tasks for
>1 hour.
Display or monitor
setup.
Monitor is directly in front of the
user and top of monitor screen
is at users eye height.
Monitor is either not directly
in front of the user or
top of monitor screen is not
at users eye height.
Monitor is not directly in front of
the user and top of monitor
screen is not at users eye
height.
Workstation controls or
keyboard and mouse
setup.
Keyboard and mouse or
workstation controls can be
adjusted to (or are at) elbow
level.
Either keyboard
or mouse
or one of the workstation
controls cannot be adjusted to
elbow level.
Neither keyboard nor mouse
(nor any of the keyboard
controls) can be adjusted to (or
are at) elbow level.
Horizontal reaches for
a seated workstation.
Frequently used items are
within 30 cm (12) of operator.
Frequently used items are
within 37 cm (15) of operator.
Frequently used items are >37
cm (15) from operator.
Seated workstation
height
0-20 forward trunk bending
0-45 arm raised from
shoulder in front of body
0-10 neck bent forward
0-10 neck bent back
20-45 forward trunk
bending -
45-90 arm raised from
shoulder in front of body
10-30 neck bent forward 10-20 neck bent back
>45 forward trunk bending
>90 shoulder flexing in
front of body
>30 neck bending forward
>20 neck bendingbackwards
Chair adjustability. The chair height and backrest
are adjustable.
Either the chair height or
the backrest is adjustable.
Neither the chair height nor the
backrest are adjustable.
Chair positioning. The feet rest on the floor (or
footrest) with knees at 90 and
the backrest supports the
natural curve of the spine.
Either the feet do not rest on
the floor (or footrest) with
knees at 90
or the backrest does not
support the natural curve of the
spine.
Neither the feet rest on the floor
(or footrest) with knees at 90
nor does the backrest support
the natural curve of the spine.
*Frequently: items used several times per 15 minute period TOTAL SCORE
COMPLETE THE SUMMARY AND SCORE SECTION BELOW: LOW MED. HIGH
Work Station Summary If your total score value is greater than 0 and lessthan 9, check Low; between 9 and 15, checkMed and greater than 15,
check High.
q q q
Work Station Risk Score Calculate the number of 1,2 and 3 scoresentered in the SCORE column and record these sums in the Low, Med. and
High boxes to the right. (Do not count 0)
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
38/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 33
COMPUTER WORKSTATION
Provide general comments and list the actions associated with High or Medium Risk scores:
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
39/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 34
LEVEL 2 SUMMARY
LEVEL 2 SUMMARY FORM
RISK ASSESSMENT AND PRIORITIZATION
Work Site: ________________________ Job Title: ___________________________
Job Task: __________________________
Do not write in shaded areas*
Use the Summary and score section at the bottom of each form to complete the table below.
Form Date
Completed
Task Summary
Print Low, Med,
or High in the
cells below.
Risk Score Summary
Print the scores associated with
Low, Med, and High in the cells
below.
Low Med High
Level 2 Complete Task Procedures (Form C)
Form D:
Complete Primary Risk Rating: Back, Legs, and
Form E:Complete Primary Risk Rating: Upper Limb
Form F:
Forces and Contact Stresses Summary
Form G:
Work Organization Summary
Form H:
Work Environment Summary
Form I:
Sitting Workstation Layout Summary
Form J:Non-Sitting Workstation Layout Summary
Form K:
Computer Workstation Layout Summary
Level 3 Initiate technical analysis (Circle YES if Task
summary column contains High or Med Circle
NO if Low)
YES
NO
High = Technical analysis required immediately
Med = Technical analysis required in future
Low = No action review if ob demands chan e
List the actions (steps in the task) which were associated with high or medium risk ratings:
List suggested actions which will assist in determining controls (e.g., brainstorming meeting,
changes to work station layout, changes to equipment, changes to worker actions, changes to
work schedules).
Date for completion o
action.
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
40/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 35
LEVEL 2 SUMMARY
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
41/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 36
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 3: RISK CONTROL
This section is to be developed further following operational experience with Level 1 and 2 tools.
The specific approach to ergonomic controls may vary significantly from situation to situation.
PURPOSE:
Evaluate appropriate control measures
engineering controls
worker education and training
work organization
personal protective equipment
work practices
Engineering or administrative controls should have priority over personal protective equipment
Implement appropriate control measures
interim control should be implemented if permanent controls are delayed
DRAFT
LEVEL 3 STEPS
Risk Control 1. Review control measures suggestions from Level 2;
2. Perform a detailed task analysis, which may require consultation with technical expert orergonomist
3. High risk tasks should be a priority for Level 3 Intervention.
4. Identify appropriate controls through brainstorming sessions with management,worksite health and safety representatives, occupational health and hygiene staff andengineering staff
5. Document all recommendations, clearly identifying what action is to be taken, by whom and by
when. Track follow-up as part of existing worksite recommendation follow-up processes.6. Implement controls.
7. Reassess tasks within 2-3 months of implementing controls, comparing scores before and after.
8. Review MSI risks at least annually, or whenever an MSI injury occurs..
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
42/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 37
COMPUTERWORKSTATIONS - THE BASICS
REDUCING THE RISK OF MSI AT COMPUTER WORKSTATIONS - THE BASICS
This portion of the tool provides general guidelines only. There may be a need to complete a more thorough
assessment, which looks at the posture, task frequency, environmental and work organizational issues. Refer
to the Forms A to K for more detail.
Many workers are now required to spend some portion of their day using a computer workstation. The risk of
MSI is significant for most computer workstation users. In response to this common work environment risk
many organizations, big and small, have proactively put into place an office ergonomics program, focusingparticularly on the computer workstation set up. In such cases work environment controls are generically
applied in order to reduce the overall risk in the worker population. A formal process to identify, evaluate and
control specific ergonomic risks is typically not applied unless the generic measures do not eliminate the signs
and symptoms of MSI.
Recognizing the common need to address computer workstation risk factors, this section provides a simplified
process that the worker can use to directly reduce individual risk to MSI resulting from extended computer use.
This provides a "short cut" which should address the needs of most workers. A more detailed and formal
assessment would be required to address individual risk situations.
PURPOSE:
To provide more detailed education and awareness information, specific to the computer workstationscenario
To provide computer workstation users with a "self-help" checklist
To provide "trouble shooting" advice for common concerns and questions related to ergonomic risks and the
use of computer workstations.
Understanding the MSI Risk of Computer Workstation
In general the principles of MSI risk are transferable to most work settings. As a result, the information provided
earlier in this document The Basics of Musculoskeletal Injury Risk Identification on page 5 provides a good
base of information for MSI risk management. Specific examples of MSI risk factors related to computer
workstation use are:Force
When you type at a computer for an entire day the cumulative force exerted by your fingers becomes very high
Because the muscles in your fingers and forearms are small the techniques used to reduce the effects of this force
(posture, typing technique, micro-breaks) are crucial in reducing your risk to MSI.
Posture
When the body works in awkward or non-neutral postures, the amount of force that can be comfortably and
safely exerted is reduced. When working at a keyboard or with a mouse which causes the wrist to work in an
awkward posture of 45 from neutral our force capabilities are reduced by about 25%. In addition, static
postures (holding a posture for long periods of time) cause muscles to fatigue quickly due to the reduced blood
flow to them.
Repetit ion
Work involving repeated movement, such as typing, causes muscle fatigue. With time, the effort to maintain the
repetitive movements steadily increases. When repetitive tasks continue for long periods of time the tissues load
tolerance decreases and the applied loads exceed what the tissue is capable of doing.
Durat ion
The time worked per day affects the total duration of exposure and increases when working hours are extended
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
43/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 38
COMPUTERWORKSTATIONS - THE BASICS
Contact stress
Contact stress, such as between your arm or wrist and the edge of your desk, can cause injury by concentrating a
force onto a small area. Contact stresses can injure the skin and underlying structure such as nerves and blood
vessels.
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
44/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 39
COMPUTERWORKSTATIONS - THE BASICS
Workstation Checkup
Here is a short checklist, which you should use along with the figure on the following page to assist you in
correctly setting up your workstation. If you are unable to make the necessary changes to your workstation
or if your signs and symptoms persist, contact your health and safety advisor.
Posture
q I adjust my chair height for different job tasks so that my shoulders are always relaxed.
q I do not slouch or lean to the side.
q I do not hold the telephone receiver between my shoulder and ear.
q My feet are flat on the floor, or I use a footrest.
Chair
q I know how to adjust my chair to put me in a good posture at my computer.
q I have adjusted my back rest so that I have good lumbar support.
q I change my chair position throughout the day to vary my posture.
q I swivel my chair instead of twisting my body to reach objects.
q I have adequate leg room.
q My chair is stable and in good repair.
Workspace
q The items I use frequently are easily reached.
q Infrequently used items are stored away.
q I have enough desk space to perform all of my job tasks comfortably.
Computer Workstation Layout
q The monitor is about an arm's length away from me.
q The top of the monitor is at about eye level.
q The monitor is perpendicular to the window.
q I tilt my screen down to reduce glare or position lighting so it does not create glare.
q I adjust window coverings to reduce glare from outside light.
q The keyboard is around elbow height so that the angle of my elbows is about 90.
q When I use the keyboard my wrists are straight and my elbows are by my sides.
q The mouse is on the same level as the keyboard and within easy reach.
q I have increased the speed of my mouse to minimize hand movements.
q I use an adjustable document holder when I work frequently from paper.
Work Habits
q I alternate my job tasks so that I have different physical demands throughout the day.
q I perform stretches at least three times per day and stand up often.
q I take regular "vision breaks" by looking at an object in the distance and blinking my eyes.
q I stand to retrieve items from overhead cabinets.
If you checked all the boxes - WAY TO GO! Fill out this checklist every few months or when you change
jobs or workstations.
LIf you missed a few boxes, try to adjust your posture or workstation so you can check them off, or contact
your health and safety advisor for assistance.
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
45/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 40
COMPUTERWORKSTATIONS - THE BASICS
Workstation Dimensions and Adjustment Ranges
Highly repetitive, forceful motions and awkward postures contribute to Musculoskeletal injuries (MSI). As an office worker,
adjusting your workstation to fit you is your primary line of defense against MSI. A properly arranged workspace helps you
to avoid awkward postures, muscle fatigue, eyestrain, and other causes of discomfort and injury. The workstation
dimensions and ranges provided here will help you to adjust your workstation to fit you.
Source: "How to make your computerworkstation fit you" WCB of BC
Everyone is different, so everyone's workstation should be different. Find what works for you: it may be arranging your
workstation the same every time or it may be varying the way your workstation is set up. However your workstation is set up
you should follow the dimensions and adjustment ranges provided in this picture. Remember though, these dimensions and
ranges fit the majority of the population. If you are very tall or short you will have to take special measures to arrange your
workstation properly.
Not all problems are caused by workplace situations. Some problems may be caused or compounded by recreational
activities and some problems may be the result of an underlying medical condition. Be sure to consult your worksite health
advisor or your physician whenever you are experiencing pain, numbness, blurred vision or other symptoms.
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
46/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 41
COMPUTERWORKSTATIONS - THE BASICS
Trouble Shooting Tips
Below are a list of potential concerns in the office environment and a range of solutions that should be considered to address
these issues. Please select what appears to be appropriate in your individual situation.
If you have tried these suggestions and are still experiencing a problem, please contact:
Contact on site: ______________________________
Concern 1: Throughout my working day I experience pain in my shoulder.
Possible Cause:
A) You may be reaching for your mouse or keyboard for a long duration throughout the day.
B) You may be feeling tension, requiring physical conditioning, or have rounded shoulders.
C) You may be typing while holding the telephone receiver between your neck and shoulder.
D) Your mouse or keyboard may be too high.
Solution:
A) Improve working posture. Frequent or constant use items should be within 30 cm of you.
B) Stretch and exercise your shoulders, adjust your chair to allow you to sit upright and use the backrest for
lower and upper back support.
C) If on the phone for long periods use a headset (or speaker phone if appropriate).
D) When using keyboard and mouse your forearms should be parallel to the ground, adjust the input devices
to achieve this by either raising your chair (may require a footrest) or using a keyboard tray/alternate
desk surface.
Concern 2: I experience pain in my elbow.
Possible Cause:
A) Your keyboard may be angled upwards, or your keyboard tray may be too high.
B) You may be experiencing general symptoms of overuse to the muscles in this area.
C) You may be experiencing contact stress from leaning on arm rests or desk.
Solution:A) Position keyboard flat on the surface (not at an angle) with the keyboard tray parallel to the ground (not
angled) and position your keyboard or chair so that your elbows are at approximately keyboard height.
B) Take frequent, short breaks and perform stretching and strengthening exercises for your arms.
C) Use padded arm rests, a keyboard tray or, a gel pad surface for desk.
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
47/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 42
COMPUTERWORKSTATIONS - THE BASICS
Concern 3: I experience pain in my forearm along the pinkie side.
Possible Cause:
A) You may deviate your wrist towards the pinkie finger.
B) You may hold your pinkie finger aloft as you work.
C) You may be typing with your fingers flat.D) You may be holding your mouse too tightly and for long periods of time.
Solution:
A) Keep your wrists straight while typing.
B) Improve your typing technique to relax fingers (pinkies)
C) Keep fingers bent, while typing and assess room for fingers on keyboard, a larger or split keyboard may
be required.
D) Try to hold the mouse in a relaxed position (riding the mouse) and take short breaks.
Concern 4: I experience pain on the bottom of my forearm.
Possible Cause:
A) You may deviate your wrist towards the pinkie finger.
B) You may hold your pinkie finger aloft as you work.
C) You may be typing with your fingers flat.
D) You may be resting your wrist on a sharp desk edge.
Solution:
A) Keep your wrists straight while typing.
B) Improve your typing technique to relax fingers (pinkies)
C) Keep fingers bent, while typing and assess room for fingers on keyboard, a larger or split keyboard may
be required..
D) Be careful of sharp edges on your workstation as they create contact stress that may damage the nerves
and tissues in the wrists.
Concern 5: I experience numbness in my fingers or pain in my wrist.
Possible Cause:
A) You may be typing with your wrist bent upwards into extension (fingers above level of wrist).
B) You may be resting your wrist on the wrist rest while you type.
C) You may be resting your wrist on a sharp desk edge.
Solution:
A) Adjust your posture so that you are typing with your wrists flat.
B) Do not rest your wrists on wrist rests while you type. Use your wrist rests only when breaking from
typing.
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
48/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 43
COMPUTERWORKSTATIONS - THE BASICS
C) Be careful of sharp edges on your workstation they create contact stress that may damage the nerves and
tissues in the wrists.
Concern 6: I experience numbness in my legs.
Possible Cause:
A) The seat pan on your chair may be too short or too long, causing contact stress in the back of your legs
and cutting off your circulation.
B) Your feet may be dangling i.e. your chair is too high.
C) Seat may be improperly adjusted.
Solution:
A) If possible, adjust your seat pan by moving it back, or use a chair with a shorter seat pan.
B) Use a footrest.
C) Adjust your chair so that your knees are at 90 and you have approximately 5 cm of space between the
back of your knees and chairs. Too big a space is not recommended. You would then need to have a
longer seat pan.
Concern 7: I experience pain in my neck.
Possible Cause:
A) Your monitor may not be positioned correctly.
B) You may be reading documents lying on your desk.
C) Your armrests may be poorly adjusted
D) If you wear bifocals, your monitor may not be adjusted correctly, resulting in neck extension (slight tiltingof your head) or excessive flexion (too much bending of your neck).
Solution:
A) Readjust your monitor so it is positioned in front of you with your sight-line at the top of the screen.
B) Use a document holder if referring to documents while you type.
C) Readjust your armrests, or remove them.
D) Adjust your monitor so that when you view the screen, you are looking at the top 1/3 of the screen. This
generally requires lowering the screen.
You may also need to consult with your optician to obtain lenses that are designed to the exact viewing
distance you require.
Concern 8: I experience headaches and eye fatigue .
Possible Cause:
A) Your monitor may not be positioned correctly, either too close, too far or at the wrong angle to you.
B) Your lighting may not be correct for the documents you are reading.
C) You may have glare on your screen from overhead lights or from windows.
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
49/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 44
COMPUTERWORKSTATIONS - THE BASICS
D) You may be suffering from vision problems.
E) You may not be giving your eyes the breaks they need throughout the day.
F) Monitor properties may require adjusting.
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
50/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 45
COMPUTERWORKSTATIONS - THE BASICS
Solution:
A) Readjust your monitor so it is positioned in front of you and at the correct distance (approximately arms
length).
B) Use task lighting or bring documents closer. As we get older we need more ambient light.
C) Adjust blinds or position monitor to avoid glare from overhead lights. You may need an anti-glare screen
D) Consult your optician to ensure your eyewear is correct or that you do not need glasses.
E) Change your focal length to allow your eyes to focus on object more than 20 feet away. Maintain thisposition for 30-60 seconds at each time. Repeat this several times an hour. This allows the eye muscles to
recover from viewing at short distances.
F). Ensure your monitor controls are adjusted to allow more contrast and reduced flicker.
Concern 9: I use a laptop on a frequent basis. Are there any specific issues I should consider?
Possible Cause:
A) The screen on a laptop is fixed, therefore it is difficult to adjust the height and position the screen to
reduce glare.B) The keyboard is attached to the monitor, and it is difficult to achieve the most optimal position to meet
viewing and keying requirements.
C) The keyboard is small, resulting in more deviation of the wrists and hands.
Solution:
A) When possible dock your laptop so that you can use a regular sized keyboard and monitor, or an
additional monitor.
B) If you cannot dock your laptop for some or all of the day; position your keyboard to allow your wrists
and elbows to assume the most optimal posture. Tilt the screen to accommodate viewing. Try to position
yourself so that the light sources are not hitting the screen and reducing contrast and increasing viewingdifficulty. You will need to take more breaks from the computer and try to vary your tasks as much as
possible.
C) Consider using a regular sized keyboard and mouse with accompanying mouse pad when using the
laptop. This will reduce some the awkward postures noted with button mouse pads provided on a large
number of laptops.
-
7/27/2019 Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment - Identification and Assessment Tool
51/54
Risk Identification & Assessment Tool 46
DEFINITIONS
DEFINITIONS
Flowchart
Musculoskeletal Injury: a sprain, strain, inflammation or other disorder of soft tissues (i.e., muscles, tendons,
ligaments, joints, nerves, or blood vessels) that may be caused or aggravated by work.
Sprain: a joint injury in which some fibres of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuityof the ligament remains intact.
Strain: overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature.
Inflammation: localized protective response elicited by injury or destruction of tissues which serves to
destroy, dilute or wall off (sequester) both the infectious agent and the injured tissue.
Swelling, tenderness and a localized increase in temperature are associated with
inflammation.
Form B: Ergonomic Task Identification
Body part discomfort: any aches or pains in the back, neck, legs, shoulders, arms, hand or wrist which persist
while performing work tasks. Depending on the severity, discomfort may last throughoutthe work day and/ or continue after work has stopped.
Awkward postures: when joints are held at or near the end of a range of motion or where muscle tension is
required to hold the posture without movement. Awkward postures place significant stres
on tendons, muscles, ligaments and other soft tissues, decreasing their strength and
efficiency.
High effort: a large amount of energy or physical effort required to complete a task through actions such
as lifting, continuous arm movement, running, or vigorous walking.
High repetition: using the same body parts to exert forces again and again without sufficient time to return
to a resting state for recovery.
High mental stress: refers to the perceived level of stress or mental effort by the workers. High mental stress may
result in an increase in muscle tension.
Task: a distinct work activity comprised of several steps/actions (e.g., valve lashing, flange bolt
preparation, data entry).
Steps/actions: a specific action which makes up part of a task. This will usually begin with an action such
as pull, push, lift, hold, or drive.
Forms D and E: Primary Risk Rating
Force required: the effort a worker must exert to counteract a load.
Repetition: cumulative measure of the s