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ergative case in circassian language

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Lund University, Dept. of Linguistics 1 Working Papers 45 (1996), 93–111 Ergative case in the Circassian languages 1 Mukhadin Kumakhov, Karina Vamling and Zara Kumakhova The Circ assian languages (Northwe st Cauc asian) exhibit ergative patterns both in case marking and in the alignment of agreement markers in the verb. Ergative/absolutive case marking is restricted to certain types of nominals, which thus results in split-ergativity. The paper examines the marking of ergative/absolutive case in various types of nominals and relates the distribution to the Nominal Hierarchy. The Circassian languages Adyghe (West Circassian) and Kabardian (East Circassian) belong to the West Caucasian languages. They are spoken by 568.000 in the Caucasus and also by great numbers in Turkey and other neighbouring countries 2 . The problem of ergativity in the Circassian languages is treated in works such as Jakovlev & Ashkhamaf 1941, Rogava & Kerasheva 1966, Taov 1967, Zekokh 1967, Kumakhov 1971, 1989, Gishev 1985, Kumakhov & Vamling to appear. 1. Introduction The intransitive subject (S) and the direct object (P) are marked by the absolutive case, whereas the transitive subject (A) appears in the ergative case (1-2). (1 )  S' ˚ ƒzƒ-r ma- k’ ˚e-ø wo ma n-ABS S3SG-go-PRS ‘The woman is going’ Adyghe  1 The article has been written within the research project ‘Ergativity in the Circassian languages’ with support from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 2 The majority of the Circassians were forced by tsarist Russia to leave their historical homelands in the Caucasus at the end of the Great Caucasian war (1817-1864) and settled in Turkey and other countries in the region.

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