equine equs caballus. horse classification kingdom: animalia phylum: chordata class: mammalia order:...
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Equine Equine
Equs caballusEqus caballus
Horse ClassificationHorse Classification• Kingdom: • Animalia • Phylum: • Chordata • Class: • Mammalia • Order: • Perissodactyla • Family: • Equidae • Genus: • Equus • Species: • Equus caballus
Origin of the EquineOrigin of the Equine
• Eohippus- (Dawn Horse) 55 million years ago
• - 10-20 inches tall
• - 4 toes of front feet
• -3 toes on hind feet
• -teeth were simple crowns
• -browsers not grazers that lived in the forest
• Mesohippus (Middle Horse) 35 million years ago
• -20 inches tall
• -each foot had 3 toes and the middle toe was the biggest
• -browser
• -teeth grew bigger
• Merychippus- (Grass eater) 26 million years ago.
• -40 inches tall
• -middle toe lager and bore all weight, ended in a hoof
• -started grazing, teeth developed high crowns and good cementum from grinding grasses
• Pliohippus – (one-toed grazer) 2-3 millions years ago
• - Taller- equivalent to horses today
• -side toes become bones of side of legs (splint bones)
• Teeth changed to adapt to eating grass
• - eyes wider for better vision
Equus (True Horse)Equus (True Horse)• -middle toe has terminated into a stout
hoof
• - Teeth high crowned, will keep on growing throughout horses life- hypsodont
My relatives My relatives • The name Perissodactyla
means "odd-toed." This group of ungulates includes horses, tapirs, and rhinos. The name of their order derives from the fact that their middle toe is larger than the others, and the plane of symmetry of the foot passes through it, a condition called mesaxonic
Undomesticated speciesUndomesticated species
• There are 3 groups one which include the zebra of Africa and Asia, the second is the wild ass of Africa and the third is Przhevalski’s horse.
Przewalski’s HorsePrzewalski’s Horse• Only known surviving
wild horse- (never tamed for riding)
• Has 33 pair of chromosomes compared to todays horse with 32
• Was extinct in the wild but captive breeding has resulted in reintroduction to the wild
• ‘primitive’ appearance
• (sheh-val-skee)
HistoryHistory• Evidence indicates that horses were
plentiful during the Stone Age. Horses were used for a food source
• Horses became domesticated during the Bronze age about 2000BC
• The domesticated horses of Babylonia and Egypt were the foundation horses of the Arabian breeds
• Heavily built and slower horses were being domesticated in Europe
• A third ancestral strain found in the British Isles was the prototype to the modern pony
History cont.History cont.The first domestic horses introduced into the Americas were brought by Spanish conquistadores in the 16th century. The ancestors of these horses are the Mustangs
The 17th century was the first attempt to improve breeds of horses. The Thoroughbred was developed form the foundations sires The Byerly Turk, the Darley Arabian, and Godolphin Barb, bred to English mares. Stud books began in the late 1700’s
Breeds of HorsesBreeds of Horses
• -roughly 500 breeds world wide
• Major types
• -draft, pony, light
Common Draft Horses BreedsCommon Draft Horses Breeds
• Was developed in Northern Europe as war horses
• Above 16 hands
• 1,500 – 2,500 lbs
• Large bones and thick
Belgian – Draft Belgian – Draft • Mix of Belgian and Flemish
horses• Stand 16 - 17.2 hands• Weight- 1,900 to 2,200 lbs.• Colors- chestnut or sorrel,
and roan with flaxen mane and tail
Clydesdale - DraftClydesdale - Draft• Originated in Scotland • Weights between 1,700 and
2200 lbs.• Stands 17- 19 hands• Colors- typically bay and brown
with white markings- but can be many colors with feathering of legs
Shire - DraftShire - Draft
• English in Origin
• 17 to 19 hands tall
• Commonly black, but can be bay, grey chestnut
• Also has feathering on legs
PercheronPercheron
• Originated in France• Is a draft horse• 16-17 hands in height• Weight 1,800-2,000lbs.• Color - usually black or
grey, but also bay, brown, chestnut and roan.
• Arabian influence in background
Suffolk Punch- DraftSuffolk Punch- Draft
• Developed in England
• 16-17 hands in height
• 1800-2000lbs
• Color- always chestnut
• Rounded “punchy” apperance
American Cream- DraftAmerican Cream- Draft• Only US developed
draft
• Light cream color
• Moderate to small in size
Common Light Horses Common Light Horses
• Most horses, usually riding breeds; small bones and thin legs
• Above 14.2 hands
• 900 – 1300 lbs.
American MustangAmerican Mustang
• Originated in U.S. from horses brought to New World by Spanish.
• Originally came from North Africa.
• Used for show and pleasure riding, jumping and as a stock horse.
• May be any color.
AppalossaAppalossa• Originated in U.S. from Nez Perce’ Native
Americans• 14-16 hands• 900-1200 pounds• Must have striped hooves• Must have mottling of skin
around muzzle and eyes• Must have unpigmented
sclera • Will come in 2 basic patterns
Leopard or Blanket
ArabianArabian• One of the oldest pure
breeds• 14-15 hands• Small, 850-1100 lbs.• Elegant, refined, durable-
valued for beauty purity movement intelligence, and endurance
• Dished face and high tail carriage
• Colors are bay, gray and chestnut a few are black.
AndalusianAndalusian• Originated in Spain.• 15-16 hands• 900-1100 pounds• Used for bullfighting, dressage,
and jumping• Colors are bay, white and gray • Cortes brought Andalusians to
America for his conquests.
AztecAztec
• The Azteca breed was the first breed developed in Mexico.
• development of a breed using Andalusian, Quarter Horse and Criollo began
• The Mexican charro requires a calm horse to rope from, excel in all working ranch endeavors, and the elegance to be shown off in pleasure riding
Canadian Canadian • the Canadian Horse remains the
sturdiest and most acclimatized horse in Canada today.
• They are tough, strong horses, tolerant of inclement weather conditions, and are extremely “easy keepers”.
• Because of these traits, the Canadian Horse is often referred to as “The Little Iron Horse”.
• They are characterized by their finely chiseled heads, arched necks, and thick, long, wavy manes and tails – all reminiscent of their Andulasian and Barb. Have also helped refine Morgan and Tennessee Walking horse.
Cleveland BayCleveland Bay
• Originated in England• Larger horse-1,150-
1400 lbs.• Used as a utility
horse, pleasure riding and driving.
• Color- Solid bay with black legs.
Hackney- horse and ponyHackney- horse and pony
• Originated in England• Weighs 600 to 1,200
lbs.• 12-16 hands• Used as a harness or
carriage horse.• Colors-bay, brown or
chestnut, with white markings.
Lipizzaner Lipizzaner • Austrian breed• averaging between 14.3 to
15.3 hands • 1000-1200pounds• The Lipizzaner is noted for
his sturdy body, brilliant action and proud carriage as well as his intelligent and docile disposition. Born dark, black-brown, brown or mouse-grey, Lipizzaners turn white somewhere between the ages of 6 and 10
Missouri Fox TrottingMissouri Fox TrottingHorseHorse
• Came from the Ozarks in Missouri.
• Major use is pleasure riding
• Has a fox trot gait• Color is sorrel, usually
with white markings.
MorganMorgan• Originated in Vermont-
named after Justin Morgan who brought him to Vermont
• 14-16 hands• 800-1200 pounds• used for pleasure riding,
and as a stock horse. • Is the foundation breed
for many breeds in the U.S.
• Colors- bay, black, brown and Chestnut.
PalominoPalomino
• Originated in the U.S. from Spanish Stock.
• Used for pleasure riding, stock, harness and as a parade horse.
• Color-gold- color does not breed true in crosses. Mane and tail are lighter colors.
Paso Fino – Peruvian PasoPaso Fino – Peruvian Paso• Originated in Spain where the
chance mix of breeds sparked the seed that became one of the world's finest riding horses.
• 13-15 hands• 950 pounds• The basic gaits of the Paso
Fino in order of speed are the paso fino, paso corto, and paso largo. They also walk and canter.
• The gait itself is evenly spaced, with each foot contacting the ground independently
• Color- grey, white, black, bay, chestnut
Quarter HorseQuarter Horse• Originated in U.S. • 14-15 hands• 1000-1250 pounds• First used as a race horse.
“quarter miler”• Inherent “cow sense” used
in ranch work• Comes in most colors• Used for pleasure riding,
racing, showing and as a stock horse.
First registered American Quarter HorseFirst registered American Quarter HorseBred here in Texas at King Ranch in Kingsville
American SaddlebredAmerican SaddlebredDeveloped in Kentucky
15-16 hands
Used for riding and driving
Shown as a 3 gaited or 5 gaited or harness horse
StandardbredStandardbred• Originated in the U.S.• 15-16 hands• 850-1200 pounds• Colors are bay, black,
brown and chestnut. Other colors may occur.
• Developed as a harness racing horse, extraordinary speed without breaking into a gallop
• The pace is not a natural gate like the trot
Tennessee Walking HorseTennessee Walking Horse• Originated in the Tennessee• 15-16 hands• 1000-1200 pounds• Colors include sorrel,
chestnut, black, bay, brown, white and golden.
• Noted for it’s running walk gait.
• Used for pleasure riding and showing.
ThoroughbredThoroughbred• Originated in England.• 15.1-16.1 hands• 900-1200 pounds• Development as a race
horse began in the 17th. Century
• Colors include bay, brown, and chestnut
• Used as a race horse and hunter/jumper, dressage, eventing
TrakehnerTrakehner
• Originated in East Prussia.
• Name comes from the town in East Prussia were the breed was established.
• Large horse 16-17 hands.• Used as a dressage
horse- has elegant movement.
Common Pony BreedsCommon Pony Breeds
• A breed of horse that is under 14.2 hands.
• <800 lb.
Connemara PonyConnemara Pony
• Originated in Ireland• Came to U.S. in 1951• Used for jumping and
pleasure riding.• Colors- Roan or
chestnut, bay, black, brown, cream, dun or gray.
Chincoteague PonyChincoteague Pony• Descends from the wild horses
on Assateague Island off the coast of Va. And Maryland.
• Were brought to Island from mainland by their owners to avoid taxes in the 17th century
• They are pony size 12-13 hands
• Due to large amount of salt in diet they drink twice as much water as other domestic horses.
• The large amount of water they drink gives them a bloated look.
Pony of the AmericasPony of the Americas
• Originated in Iowa, cross of Appaloosa and Shetland
• Color patterns of the
Appaloosa.• Used for pleasure
riding and showing.• From 11.2 to 13.2
hands high.
Shetland PonyShetland Pony• Originated in Shetland
Islands. • About 11 hands• 300-400 pounds• Used for pleasure riding by
children and for showing and pulling carts
• Any color
Welsh (Pony)Welsh (Pony)
• Originated in Wales
• 10-14 hands
• Resemble small Arabian
• Ideal for young children
• Many uses: work in coal mines, pull chariots, work cattle
Miniature Miniature
• The American Miniature is a "height" breed; they must measure no more than 34 inches in height at maturity
• These little horses have already proved their worth in therapeutic programs for the disabled child or adult, as well as with the aged.
References References
• http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/