equilibrium constant (k eq ) a constant which can tell you which side of an equilibrium is favored...
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Equilibrium Constant (KEquilibrium Constant (Keqeq))
A constant which can tell you which A constant which can tell you which side of an equilibrium is favored side of an equilibrium is favored under certain conditions.under certain conditions.
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Equilibrium Constant (KEquilibrium Constant (Keqeq))
When KWhen Keqeq
is large, is large, reaction reaction favors favors the the products.products.
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Equilibrium Constant (KEquilibrium Constant (Keqeq))
When KWhen Keqeq
is small, is small, reaction reaction favors the favors the reactants.reactants.
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Which has the largest Keq?
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Equilibrium CalculationsEquilibrium Calculations
The equilibrium constant can be The equilibrium constant can be used to calculate the used to calculate the concentrations (Molarity!) when a concentrations (Molarity!) when a reaction reaches equilibrium.reaction reaches equilibrium.
][reactants
[products]Keq
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Equilibrium CalculationsEquilibrium Calculations
Example Reaction:Example Reaction: A + B C + D⇆A + B C + D⇆
[A][B][C][D]
Keq
““[ ]” means molarity values!!![ ]” means molarity values!!!
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Equilibrium CalculationsEquilibrium Calculations
Reactions with coefficients:Reactions with coefficients: 2 NO2 NO22 (g) (g) N⇆ N⇆ 22OO44 (g) (g)
22
42eq ][NO
]O[NK
Coefficient becomes a
power!
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Equilibrium CalculationsEquilibrium Calculations
Include only gases and aqueous Include only gases and aqueous solutions (aq):solutions (aq):
C (s) + HC (s) + H22O (g) O (g) CO (g) + H⇆ CO (g) + H⇆ 22 (g) (g)
O][H
][CO][HK
2
2eq
Solids not included!
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Equilibrium CalculationsEquilibrium Calculations
Example:Example: HH22 (g) + I (g) + I22 (g) 2 HI (g)⇆ (g) 2 HI (g)⇆ If the concentrations are:If the concentrations are:
– HH22=0.10 M=0.10 M
– II22=0.10 M=0.10 M
– HI=0.20 MHI=0.20 M
– What is KWhat is Keqeq??
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]][I[H[HI]
K22
2
eq
[0.1][0.1][0.2]
K2
eq
4.0Keq
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Reaction Quotient (Q)Reaction Quotient (Q)
Calculation for the reaction and Calculation for the reaction and compare to Kcompare to Keqeq
to see if a reaction to see if a reaction
has reached equilibrium.has reached equilibrium.
][reactants
[products]Q
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Reaction Quotient (Q)Reaction Quotient (Q)
Example:Example: 2 NO2 NO22 (g) N⇆ (g) N⇆ 22OO44 (g) (g) If the concentrations are:If the concentrations are:
– NONO2 2 = 0.150 M= 0.150 M– NN22OO4 4 = 0.300 M= 0.300 M– What is Q?What is Q?– If KIf Keqeq = 4.73, is the reaction at = 4.73, is the reaction at
equilibrium?equilibrium?
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22
42
][NO
]O[NQ
13.3 Q
2[0.150]
[0.300]Q
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Reaction Quotient (Q)Reaction Quotient (Q)
Reaction is not at equilibrium…Reaction is not at equilibrium… Q (13.3) > KQ (13.3) > Keqeq (4.73), so reaction is (4.73), so reaction is
shifting towards the reactants.shifting towards the reactants.