eqcd2011, 21-25 feb. 2011, sonia kabana heavy flavour at rhic sonia kabana subatech and university...
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
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Heavy Flavour at RHIC
Sonia Kabana
SUBATECH and University of Nantes, France
International Workshop on Excited QCD, 21-25 February 2011, Les Houches, France
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Outline1. Introduction
2. Open heavy flavour
Charm meson reconstruction and non photonic electrons
R(AA) and elliptic flow
Disentangling Beauty and Charm
3. Hidden heavy flavour
J/Psi
Y
4. Conclusions
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana3
STAR
PHENIX
PHOBOSBRAHMS
RHIC has been
exploring nuclear matter
at extreme conditions
over the last decade
2000-2011
STAR
RHIC site in BNL on Long Island, USA
Colliding systems: p+p, d+Au, Cu+Cu, Au+Au Energies A+A : √sNN = 62, 130, 200 GeV and low energy scan
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IntroductionRelativistic Heavy Ion Collider
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana4
MRPC ToF barrelMRPC ToF barrel
BBC
PMD
FPD
FMS
EMC barrelEMC End Cap
DAQ1000DAQ1000
FGT
Completed
Ongoing
MTD
R&DHFT
TPC
FHC
HLT
The STAR Detector
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana 5
Denis Jouan , Renc de Moriond QCD 2010
Phobos PRC 72 031901 2005
e+e- µ+µ-
µ+µ-
|<.35 1.2>>2.2
Energy in calorimeterelectron ID in RICHTracking in Drift chamber
The PHENIX detectorPhenix acceptance shownwith the vertical bands :
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana6
Probing of Dense Matter with jetsp+p Collision Au+Au Collision
• Partons interact with medium gluon radiation/energy loss
• measuring high-pT particles in Au+Au vs. p+p to extract the properties of medium
collTAA NppYield
AAYieldpR
×++
=)(
)()(
Average number of NN collisions in AA collision
• nuclear modification factor RAA :
• No “Effect” of nuclear matter: RAA = 1 at higher momenta where hard processes dominate• Suppression: RAA < 1
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana7
• p+p data: baseline of heavy ion measurements test of pQCD calculations
• Due to their large mass heavy quarks are primarily produced by gluon fusion in early stage of collision production rates calculable by pQCDM. Gyulassy and Z. Lin, PRC 51, 2177 (1995)
•heavy ion data:
• Study energy loss of heavy quarks independent way to extract properties of the medium
light
M.Djordjevic PRL 94 (2004)
Radiative energy loss
Heavy quarks as a probe
-> Flavour dependence of jet quenching
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Quarkonia
8
H. Satz, Nucl. Phys. A (783):249-260(2007)
A. Mocsy
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Quarkonia: Thermometer of QGP through hierarchy of T(dissociation)
Many effects play a role: dissociation in QGP - cold matter absorbtion - recombination/coalescence from c, cbar - heavy resonances ...
H Satz, ICPAQGP2010
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Open Heavy Flavour
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Charm meson reconstruction and non photonic electrons
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana11
Open heavy flavor
%07.080.3..
,, 00
±=→→ −++−
RBKDKD ππ
Direct: reconstruction of all decay products
Indirect: charm and beauty via electrons
c e+ + anything (B.R.: 9.6%)b e+ + anything (B.R.: 10.9%)issue of photonic background
charm (and beauty) via muonsc + + anything (B.R.: 9.5%)
D0
Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005)
See talk by S. Margetis on open charm
direct reconstruction, eQCD2011
STAR and PHENIX
STAR
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
D0 recon. with the help of silicon detectors in STAR (preliminary)
12
Direct D-meson reconstruction at STAR
• Kπ invariant mass distribution in d+Au, Au+Au minbias, Cu+Cu minbias at 200 GeV collisions
7.4~/ NS
STAR arXiv:0805.0364 J. Bouchet, STAR, Bormio2011
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana13
Measurement of charm STAR
STAR charm measurement: • D0 in d+Au, Au+Au, Cu+Cu 200GeV
• low pT muon in Au+Au 200GeV
• non-photonic electrons in p+p, d+Au, Cu+Cu, Au+Au 200GeV
• 90% of charm total kinematic range covered
STAR arXiv:0805.0364
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Measurement of charm PHENIX
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Non photonic electrons PHENIX, arXiv:1005.1627
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Open heavy flavour from di-electron spectrum (PHENIX)
I. Garishvili, PHENIX, Purdue workshop Jan 2011
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Open Charm Cross-section and STAR-PHENIX discrepancy
16
• Discrepancy between extracted total cross-section from STAR and PHENIX
STAR: D0, electrons
PRL 94(2005) 062301
D0, muonsarXiv:0805.0364
PHENIX:Single electrons
PRL 97(2006) 252002
Electron pairs544 ± 39(stat) ± 142 (syst) ± 200 (model)
PLB 670 (2009) 313
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Resolution of the high pT NPE STAR-PHENIX discrepancy
* STAR and PHENIX NPE results in 200 GeV p+p collisions are consistent within errors at pt > 2.5 GeV/c
17
Resolution: STAR 2011 update of PRL98 (2007) 192301 (blue) and new data (red)
Discrepancy : STAR Coll, PRL98 (2007) 192301 (old result, now updated --> see right plot)
* STAR and PHENIX NPE results are consistent with FONLL in 200GeV p+p collisions
STAR Coll, arXiv:1102.2611
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
R(AA) and elliptic flow
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Large suppression of Non-Photonic-ElectronsA Adare et al, PHENIX, arXiv:1005.1627
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Thick dashed line: BDMPS (D,B)->e
Upper band: DGLV (D<B)->e radiative dedx
Lower band: DGLV collisional+rad. dedx
Thin dashed curves: DGLV only D->e+X
Au+Au 200 GeV 0-10% central
NPE R_AA puzzle: Larger suppression (c+b) than expected for radiative dedx/dead cone effect
Adding collisional dedx improves agreement
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Van Hees et al PRL100 (2008) 192301
Dedx by elastic scattering mediated by resonance excitation of D and B-like states in the medium
Describes ~ both R_AA, v2(NPE)
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
R_AA(NPE) and v2(NPE)
Collisional dedx+
running coupling constant,
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P. Gossiaux, J Aichelin, PRC78 (2008) 014904, 0901.2462, 0901.0946
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Greco et al: c flow assumes v2(c)=v2(u,d)
no c flow assumes v2(c)=0
Zhang et al: HIJING+(parton cascade)+(hadron cascade) for two charm quark scattering cross sections
Van Hees et al: resonant interaction in strongly interacting QGP and parton coalescence of c,b --> Reduction or flatening of v2 at high pT requires b contribution
Resonances required at low pT
A Adare et al, PHENIX, arXiv:1005.1627
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Recent update of STAR R(AA) NPE Au+Au 200 GeV (2007 paper erratum)
Physics message remains the same as in original publication
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Elliptic flow v2(NPE)
R_AA(NPE) suppression and sizable v2(NPE) :
Heavy quarks lose energy in the medium, while acquiring a substantial component of the medium’s collective flow
A Adare et al, PHENIX, arXiv:1005.1627
Compare v2(NPE) to the expected v2(D) from coalescence production.
pT< 2 GeV to be sensitive only to c and not b
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chi^2 for v2(c) vs v2(u)
both normalized to measured v2(u)
calculated from measured v2(light quarks) and v2(NPE)
v2(c) ~ v2(u)
the coalescence assumption for D seems supported
indicates common quark collectivity
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Disentangling Beauty and Charm
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Beauty to charm ratio in p+p collisions
PHENIX :
Reconstruction of e-K (K unidentified) invariant mass
Fit with PYTHIA simulation varying the b/(c+b) ratio
Phenix Coll, PRL103, 082002, 2009.
STAR and PHENIX :
e-hadron azimuthal correlations -->
different widths for NPE coming from Charm and Beauty decays
Fit with PYTHIA simulation varying the b/(c+b) ratio
STAR Coll. PRL105, 202301, 2010.
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04/18/23Hot Quarks 2010 EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011,
Sonia Kabana
25
STAR : Charm and beauty from e-D0 azimuthal correlations
sign(e) = sign(K)
sign(e) ≠ sign(K)
Like SignΔϕ ~ π
Like SignΔϕ ~ 0
Unlike SignΔϕ ~ π
CHARMCHARM BEAUTYBEAUTYPYTHIAPYTHIA
A Mischke, Phys. Lett. B671, 361 (2009)W. Borowski, HotQuarks 2010
See talk by W. Borowski, eQCD2011
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana26
Beauty contribution to electron spectrum in p+p at 200 GeV
STAR Coll., PRL105, 202301,2010, arXiv:1007.1200
PHENIX Coll., PRL103, 082002, 2009.
* The beauty component in NPE in p+p collisions (r_B) enhances with pT and becomes comparable
to Charm at pT~5 GeV.
* PHENIX and STAR data on B/(B+C) ratio vs pT, agree within errors
STAR results from e-h and e-D0 correlations agree within errors
--> 3 diferent methods give consistent results on B/(B+C) vs pT
* Data agree with FONLL predictions.
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Beauty and Charm nuclear modification factors in
Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV Confidence level contours for the nuclear modification factor R_AA for beauty and charm are determined from R_AA of NPE (Phenix) and the B/(C+B) measurement from e-h and e-D0 correlations for pT>5 GeV (STAR).
Beauty is also suppressed in Au+Au collisions. R_AA of e from Beauty is < 1 even if R_AA of e from Charm is zero.
Beauty and Charm are both suppressed in Au+Au collisions
-> Measurements of R_AA of B and C separately in Au+Au are crucial
Models
I: (M.Djordjevic et al, PLB 632, 81, 2006) radiative energy loss with initial g density dN/dy(g)=1000. This model is excluded by the data.
II: (Adil, Vitev,PLB649,139,2007) collisional dissociation of D and B mesons in the QGP causes suppression of R_AA.
III: (van Hees et al,PRC73,034913,2006) Large elastic scattering cross section associated with resonance states of D and B mesons in the QGP.
M Aggarwal et al, STAR, arXiv:1007.1200
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
C and B cross sections in p+p collisions at 200 GeV at high pT (STAR 2010)
STAR Coll., arXiv:1102.2611 (Feb 2011)
--> Using the measured ratio e(B)/NPE, cross sections for B and C for 3 GeV <pT<10 GeV in p+p collisions at 200 GeV have been extracted
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Hidden Heavy Flavour
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
The “RHIC J/ψ puzzle” : y-dependence
• Suppression doesn’t increase with local density
– RAA (|y|<0.35) > RAA (1.2<|y|<2.2)
– RAA (RHIC, |y|<0.35) ≈ RAA (SPS)
R_AA is < 1 also for low N_part where J/Psi (meas./expect) of NA50 was = 1
--> need to correct R_AA for cold nuclear matter effect like done by NA50 with p+A
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
T Frawley, (PHENIX) workshop ECT*,Trento, May 24-29 2009
Linden-Levy, (PHENIX), WWND2011 and ICHEO2010
Analysis of d+Au data of run 2009 in terms of sigma_abs to account for all nuclear matter effects
(recent paper PHENIX, arXiv:1010.1246)
sigma_abs increases from midrapidity to forward rapidity
Agreement of J/Psi R_AA/R_AA(Cold Nuclear Matter) at y=0 and y=1.75
RHIC J/Psi “y”-puzzle
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
The J/Psi RHIC-SPS-comparison -puzzle
R Arnaldi, D Frawley, Trento 25-29 may 2009
-Divide out cold nuclear matter effects using not model but data (d+Au, p=Au)
- Plot as a function of dN/deta|eta=0 takes into account differences in energy in contrast to N_part.
---> Cold nuclear matter absorbtion effect up to dN/deta|eta=0 = 300
---> Suppression of J/Psi above 300
J/ suppression at low pT maybe from excited stats (’, c) F. Karsch, D. Kharzeev and H. Satz, PLB 637, 75
(2006); B. Alessandro et al. (NA50), Eur. Phys. J. C 39 (2005) 335; R. Arnaldi et al. (NA60), Quark Matter 2005; PHENIX: Phys.Rev.Lett.98, 232301,2007.
60% of all J/Psi comes from direct J/. While 30% of all J/Psi come from c and 10% ’c and ’ T(dissociation) ~Tc, while J/Psi T(dissociation)~ 2.1 T_c
--> suppression of J/Psi observed, maybe due to c and ’ dissociation--> directly produced J/Psi may not be suppressed at all at RHIC--> expect more suppression at LHC due to direct J/Psi dissociation
(but must account for c,cbar coalescence-> J/Psi)
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
J/Psi assumed completely suppressed and resurrected by c,cbar “coalescence”
A Andronic et al, Phys Lett B 652 2007, p 259
-J/Psi is assumed to be completely suppressed at RHIC
- R_AA(J/Psi) is then estimated for the process of c, cbar coalescence to J/Psi, within a thermal model
This estimate agrees with R_AA(J/Psi) at RHIC
It predicts a great enhancement of R_AA(J/Psi) at LHC
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
J/Psi in d+Au at 200 GeV (PHENIX, oct 2010)
PHENIX, arXiv:1010.1246
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
J/ in Au+Au and Cu+Cu 200 GeV pT dependence
35
• Cu+Cu: Consistent with no suppression at high pT
• RAA(Cu+Cu, pT>5 GeV/c) = 1.4± 0.4±0.2
• Cu+Cu: Inconsistent with AdS/CFT+Hydro and “heavy resonance” models
•Two component model+J/ form. time+ B feed down describes the trend well
A. Adil and I. Vitev, Phys.Lett. B649, 139 (2007), S. Wicks et al., Nucl. Phys. A784, 426 (2007)
R. Rapp, X. Zhao, nucl-th/0806.1239
STAR: arXiv:0904.0439
Au+Au: 0-80%Star preliminary
D. Prindle et al, STAR coll., ICPAQGP2010
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
J/Psi in Au+Au at 39 GeV (STAR)
Z Tang, STAR, Nucl Phys A (2010) 1-4, arXiv:1012.0233
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Y
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana38
)()(38114 2324
0
sysstatdy
dB
y
ee+−
=
±=σ
pb
STAR measurements in p+p
STAR: arXiv:1001.2745
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana39
signal in d+Au 200 GeV collisions
• Strong signal (8σ significance) extracted
dAuR 0.98 0.32 (stat.) 0.28 (sys.)= ± ±
• Consistent with Nbin scaling of cross-section p+p d+Au 200GeV
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
pbdy
dBR y
464535.0|| 114| +
−< =∗σ
• Cross section follows world trend• Baseline for Au+Au
Nucl.Phys.A830:331C-334C,2009.
Upsilons in p+p - PHENIX
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Au+Au
RAuAu [8.5,11.5] < 0.64 at 90% C.L.
Nucl.Phys.A830:331C-334C,2009.
Upsilons Suppressed in Au+Au - PHENIX
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Conclusions* Large R_AA and flow of NP electrons in central Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV Heavy quarks lose energy in the medium, while acquiring a substantial component of the medium’s collective flow
* e-h, e-D0 correlations : In p+p at 200 GeV c~b contribution at pT ~5 GeV
c/b contribution in p+p is consistent with FONLL
b is also suppressed in Au+Au at 200 GeV
* J/Psi y-puzzle can be possibly attributed to cold nuclear matter absorbtion
* J/Psi sqrt(s) dependence from SPS to RHIC : remains to be understood
Chi_c, psi’ suppressed, direct J/Psi not suppressed at RHIC ?
Direct J/Psi also suppressed at RHIC and produced through c,cbar coalescence?
* High pT J/Psi is consistent with no suppression (Cu+Cu 200 GeV)
* Y measured in p+p, d+Au, Au+Au
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Outlook•2009/2010 STAR run with full TOF , low material -> improve c,b ID
• D mesons with microvertexing - cross section coming soon
• Phenix : new silicon tracker
• STAR : plans for new silicon vertex tracker to measure Heavy Flavour with great accuracy (HFT)
--> Heavy Flavour substantial element of RHIC plans
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STAR Heavy Flavour Tracker : ~2014
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
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Thank you very much
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Measurement of charm PHENIX
45
•New study takes J/y e± contribution into accountPhys. Rev. Lett. 97, 252002 (2006)
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Comparison of 2005 and 2008 NPE STAR data
Measurement done using TPC+EMC using run08 and run05 data.pT>2.5GeV/c NPE measurement with dramatically different background agree with each very well
46
New STAR high pT NPE Measurements in 200GeV p+p collisions
W. Xei et al (STAR), DIS2010
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
J/Psi in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV
D. Prindle et al, STAR coll., ICPAQGP2010
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
STAR: arXiv:0904.0439
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana49
• R_AA of u,d,s hadrons is strongly suppressed in central Au+Au at 200 GeV
• Large energy loss of u,d,s partons in the medium
Energy loss depends on properties of medium (gluon densities, size) properties of “probe” (color charge, mass)STAR preliminary
STAR QM 2009 pT(GeV/c)
What is the flavour dependence of hadron suppression?
Light hadron R_AA in central Au+Au at 200 GeV
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
First D secondary vertex reconstruction using the STAR silicon detectors ongoing
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A. Geromitsos, (STAR coll.), CIPANP2009
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
Erratum STAR NPE
STAR, PRL 98 (207) 192301, erratum Feb 2011
This concerns the STAR NPE data of run 2003
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
R_AA(b) vs R_AA(c)
S Sakai, STAR, SQM2008
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
PHENIX forward muons
54
• Factor 4 larger yield than FONLL at low pT
• Significant forward heavy flavor suppression
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
PHENIX J/ψ in p+p 200 GeV
• both mid and forward results well described by the s-channel cut Color Singlet Model (CSM)
55
PHENIX QM09 arXiv:0907.4696
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
R_AA(b) vs R_AA(c)
S Sakai, STAR, SQM2008
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
R_u,d,s,c,b) vs pTWicks et al, Nucl. Phys. A784 (2007) 426
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana59
Suppression of non-photonic electrons
charm bottom
• Large suppression of non-photonics electrons similar to hadrons
• No satisfactory theoretical description yettpp
tAA
colltAA dpdN
dpdN
NpR
/
/1)( ×=
Central Au+Au 200GeV
STAR, PRL 98 (2007) 192301STAR, PRL 98 (2007) 192301
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
e-D0 azimuthal correlations
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
High-pT J/ - hadron correlations
63
• Near-side correlation due dominantly to B → J/+X
• B-meson feeddown to inclusive J/ production of 13%± 5% at pT > 5 GeV/c.
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana
protons vs pions
• Color charge dependence: g /q (CA/CF=9/4)
• Gluons loose more energy than quarks
• At high-pT protons are produced mainly from gluon jets
• At high-pT pions are produced mainly from quark jets
=> Expected RAA(g->p) < RAA(q->π)
protons versus pions
2 L<q>CE s ^
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Outline
• Introduction
• Open heavy flavor – Charm mesons: D0
– Non-photonic electrons
• Quarkonia– J/ and measurements
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EQCD2011, 21-25 Feb. 2011, Sonia Kabana66
Color screening and sequential suppression of quarkonia
H. Satz, Nucl. Phys. A (783):249-260(2007)
J/ suppression at low pT maybe from excited stats (’, c) F. Karsch, D. Kharzeev and H. Satz, PLB 637, 75
(2006); B. Alessandro et al. (NA50), Eur. Phys. J. C 39 (2005) 335; R. Arnaldi et al. (NA60), Quark Matter 2005; PHENIX: Phys.Rev.Lett.98, 232301,2007.
60% from direct J/: not suppressed30% c and 10% ’: dissociated
A. Mocsy