epithel connective tissues

7/26/2019 Epithel Connective Tissues

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Epithelial and

Connective Tissuesby

Zen Hafy

Department of Histology FK UNSRI


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TISSUES AND HISTOLOGYTissues - collections of similar cells and the substances

surroundin themTissue classication based on: structure of cells!com"osition of noncellular e#tracellular matri#! and cellfunction

$a%or t&"es of adult tissuesE"ithelial'onnecti(e$uscleNer(ous

Histolo&) $icrosco"ic Stud& of Tissues*io"s&) remo(al of tissues for dianostic "ur"osesAuto"s&) e#amination of orans of a dead bod& todetermine cause of death


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E$*+YONI' TISSUE

3 major germ layers that form the embryonic disc (source of stem cells Endoderm

Inner la&er

,orms linin of diesti(e tract and deri(ati(es

$esoderm

$iddle la&er

,orms tissues as such muscle! bone! blood (essels

Ectoderm

Outer la&er

,orms sin and neuroectoderm


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I. E/ITHELIAL TISSUECellularity- 'onsists almost entirel&of cells

Covers body surfaces! lines hollo0orans! and forms lands Outside surface of the bod&

Linin of diesti(e! res"irator& anduroenital s&stems

Heart and blood (essels

Linins of man& bod& ca(ities!olarity- Has apical! basal! andlateral surfaces

"estson a basement membrane

#peciali$ed cell contacts bind

ad%acent cells toether

%vascular - no blood (essels

"egenerative-+e"laces lost cells b&cell di(ision


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,UN'TIONS O, E/ITHELIA

/rotectin underl&in structures1 e..!e"ithelium linin the mouth

Actin as barriers1 e..! sin

/ermittin the "assae of substances1e..! cells linin air sacs in luns andne"hrons in idne&

Secretin substances1 e..! "ancreatic

cells

Absorbin substances1 e..! linin ofstomach and small intestine


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S/E'IAL

'HA+A'TE+ISTI'S O,E/ITHELIA

Figure 4.1


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'LASSI,I'ATION O,E/ITHELIU$Number of la&ers of cells#imple- one la&er of cells. Each e#tends frombasement membrane to the free surface

#tratied- more than one la&er.

!seudostratied- tissue a""ears to bestrati2ed! but all cells contact basementmembrane so it is in fact sim"le

Sha"e of cells

#&uamous- 3at! scale-lieCuboidal- about e4ual in heiht and 0idth

Columnar- taller than 0ide


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'LASSI,I'ATIONS O,E/ITHELIA

squamous

cuboidal

columnar

Apical surface

Basal surface Simple

Apical surface

Basal surface Stratified


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SI$/LE S5UA$OUSE/ITHELIU$

Figure 4.3a


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SI$/LE 'U*OIDALE/ITHELIU$

Figure 4.3b

'escription) Sinlela&er of cube-liecells 0ith lare!

s"herical centralnuclei.

unction)Secretion andabsor"tion.


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SI$/LE 'OLU$NA+E/ITHELIU$

Figure 4.3c


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/SEUDOST+ATI,IED 'ILIATED'OLU$NA+ E/ITHELIU$

Figure 4.3d


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ST+ATI,IED E/ITHELIA'ontain t0o or more la&ers of

cells+eenerate from belo0

$a%or role is "rotection

Are named accordin to thesha"e of cells at a"ical la&er


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ST+ATI,IED S5UA$OUS

E/ITHELIU$Descri"tion$an& la&ers of cells 7s4uamous in sha"eDee"er la&ers of cells a""earcuboidal or columnarThicest e"ithelial tissue 7ada"ted for "rotection


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ST+ATI,IED S5UA$OUS

E/ITHELIU$

S"eci2c t&"es

6eratini8ed 7 contain the"rotecti(e "rotein eratinSurface cells are dead and

full of eratinNon-eratini8ed 7 forms moistlinin of bod& o"enins


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ST+ATI,IED S5UA$OUS

E/ITHELIU$

,unction 7 /rotects underl&in

tissues in areas sub%ect toabrasion

Location

6eratini8ed 7 forms e"idermisNon-eratini8ed 7 forms linin ofeso"haus! mouth! and (aina


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ST+ATI,IED S5UA$OUSE/ITHELIU$

Figure 4.3e


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T+ANSITIONALE/ITHELIU$

Figure 4.3h


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E/ITHELIU$) GLANDULA+

A land is one or more cells that maes and secretes ana4ueous 3uid

T0o t&"es of lands formed b& infoldin of e"ithelium)Endocrine) no contact 0ith e#terior of bod&1 ductless1"roduce hormones 9"ituitar&! th&roid! adrenals!

"ancreas:E*ocrine) o"en to e#terior of bod& (ia ducts 9s0eat! oil:

E#ocrine lands classi2ed either b& structure or b& themethod of secretion

'lassi2ed b& structureUnicellular) goblet cells

$ulticellular) s0eat! oil! "ituitar&! adrenal


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$ULTI'ELLULA+ E;O'+INE

GLANDS'lassi2ed on the basis of t&"esof ducts or mode of secretion

T&"es of ductsSim"le) ducts 0ith fe0

branches'om"ound) ducts 0ith man&branches

If ducts end in tubules orsac-lie structures) acini.

/ancreasIf ducts end in sim"le sacs)alveoli.Luns


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LATE+AL SU+,A'E

,EATU+ES

Tiht %unctions

DesmosomesGa" %unctions

' O S G


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$E$*+ANE


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LATE+AL SU+,A'E

,EATU+ES 7 'ELL


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$E$*+ANE


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$E$*+ANE


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*ASAL ,EATU+E) THE*ASAL LA$INANoncellular su""ortin sheet bet0een thee"ithelium and the connecti(e tissue dee" to it

'onsists of "roteins secreted b& the e"ithelialcells

,unctions)-Acts as a selecti(e 2lter! determinin 0hichmolecules from ca"illaries enter the e"ithelium

-Acts as sca=oldin alon 0hich reeneratin

e"ithelial cells can mirate

*asal lamina and reticular la&ers of theunderl&in connecti(e tissue dee" to it formthe basement membrane


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E/ITHELIAL SU+,A'E,EATU+ES

A"ical surface features$icro(illi 7 2ner-lie e#tensions of"lasma membraneAbundant in e"ithelia of small intestineand idne&$a#imi8e surface area across 0hichsmall molecules enter or lea(e

'ilia 7 0hi"-lie! hihl& motile e#tensionsof a"ical surface membranes$o(ement of cilia 7 in coordinated 0a(es


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'ONNE'TI>E TISSUE$ost di(erse and abundant tissue

$ain classes'onnecti(e tissue "ro"er

'artilae

*one tissue

*lood'haracteristics$esench&me as their common tissue of oriin9mesench&me deri(ed from mesoderm:

>ar&in derees of (ascularit&

Nonli(in e#tracellular matri#! consistin of roundsubstance and 2bers

'ells are not as abundant nor as tihtl& "acedtoether as in e"ithelium

'ONNE'TI>E TISSUE E$*+YONI'


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'ONNE'TI>E TISSUE) E$*+YONI'O+IGIN

Figure 4.5


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,UN'TIONS O, 'ONNE'TI>ETISSUE

Enclose orans as a ca"sule and se"arateorans into la&ers. Areolar

'onnect tissues to one another. Tendonsand liaments.

Su""ort and mo(ement. *ones.

Storae. ,at.

Insulation. ,at.

Trans"ort. *lood.

/rotection. *one! cells of the immunes&stem.


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ST+U'TU+AL ELE$ENTSO, 'ONNE'TI>E TISSUE

Ground substance 7 unstructuredmaterial that 2lls the s"ace bet0eencells

,ibers 7 collaen! elastic! or reticular

'ells 7 2broblasts! chondroblasts!

osteoblasts! hemato"oietic stemcells! and others


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'ONNE'TI>E TISSUE 'ELLSibroblasts + secrete the "roteins needed for 2bers&nthesis and com"onents of the e#tracellular matri#

%diposeor fat cells9adipocytes:. 'ommon in sometissues 9dermis of sin:1 rare in some 9cartilae:

,ast cells. 'ommon beneath membranes1 alon smallblood (essels. 'an release he"arin! histamine! and"roteol&tic en8&mes in res"onse to in%ur&.

)eu-ocytes (./C0s. +es"ond to in%ur& or infection

,acrophages. Deri(ed from monoc&tes 9a ?*':./haoc&tic1 "ro(ide "rotection

Chondroblasts +

form cartilae

1steoblasts + form bone

Hematopoietic stem cells- form blood cells

2ndierentiated mesenchyme9stem cells:. Ha(e

"otential to di=erentiate into adult cell t&"es.


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E;T+A'ELLULA+ $AT+I; -E'$E'$ has @ ma%or com"onents. /rotein 2bers B. Ground substance @. ,luid

/rotein 2bers'ollaen 2bers. 'om"osed of the "rotein collagen.Stron! 3e#ible! inelastic1 reat tensile strength(i.e. resist stretch). Perfect for tendons! liaments

Elastic 2bers. 'ontain molecules of "rotein elastinthat resemble coiled s"rins. +eturns to its oriinalsha"e after stretchin or com"ression. /erfect for

luns! lare blood (essels+eticular 2bers. ,ormed from 2ne collaenous2bers1 form branchin net0ors 9stroma).,ills"aces bet0een tissues and orans.


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G+OUND SU*STAN'EInterstitial 9tissue: 3uid 0ithin 0hich are one or

more of the molecules listed belo0)H&aluronic acid) a "ol&saccharide. >er& sli""er&1ser(es as a ood lubricant for %oints. 'ommon inmost connecti(e tissues.

/roteol&cans) "rotein and "ol&saccharidecom"le#. /ol&saccharides calledglyocosaminoglycans9chondroitin sulfate! eratinsulfate:. /rotein "art attaches to h&aluronic acid.Able to tra" lare amounts of 0ater.

Adhesi(e molecules) hold "roteol&can areatestoether. Chondronectinin cartilae! osteonectinin bone! bronectinin 2brous connecti(e tissue.

,unctions as a molecular sie(e throuh 0hichnutrients di=use bet0een blood ca"illaries and cells


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E$*+YONI' 'ONNE'TI>ETISSUE ,esenchyme) is the embr&onic tissufrom 0hich connecti(e tissues! as 0ell

as other tissue arise.The mesench&mal cells are irreularsha"ed. The e#tracellular matri# isabundant and contains scatteredreticular 2bers.

,ucus) is mesench&mal tissue thatremains uns"eciali8ed. The cells ande#tracellular matri# is similar as themesench&mal tissue.


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A+EOLA+ 'ONNE'TI>ETISSUE

Figure 4.12b

'escription) Gel-liematri# 0ith three 2bert&"es1 cells) 2broblast!macro"hae! mastcells! and some other

?*'.

unction) ?ra" andcushions orans1

"haoc&ti8e bacteria1role in in3ammation1hold and con(e& tissue3uid.

)ocation) ?idel&


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ADI/OSE TISSUE

Figure 4.12c

'escription) $atri#as in areolar but (er&s"arse1 closel&"aced adi"oc&tes or

fat cells! ha(enucleus "ushed tothe side b& lare fatdro"let.

unction) /ro(idesreser(e food fuel1Insulates aainstheat loss1 su""ortand "rotecti(e

+ETI'ULA+ 'ONNE'TI>E


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+ETI'ULA+ 'ONNE'TI>ETISSUE

'escription)Net0or of reticular2lters in a t&"icalround substance1

reticular cells line onthe net0or.

unction) ,iber form

a soft internalseleton 9stroma:that su""orts othercell t&"es includin

0hite blood cells!mast cells and


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DENSE I++EGULA+'ONNE'TI>E

TISSUE

Figure 4.12e

'escription)/rimaril& Irreulararraned 2bers1some elastic 2bers1

ma%or cell t&"e is the2broblast.

unction) Able to

0ithstand tensione#erted in man&directions1 "ro(idesstructural strenth


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DENSE +EGULA+'ONNE'TI>E TISSUE

Figure 4.12f

'escription)/rimaril& "arallelcollaen1 a fe0

elastin 2bers1 ma%orcell t&"e is the2broblast.

unction) Attachesmuscles to bones ofto muscles1 attachedbones to bones1

0ithstand reat


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ELASTI' 'ONNE'TI>E TISSUE

*undles and sheets of collaenous and elastic 2bersoriented in multi"le directions

In 0alls of elastic arteries 9aorta:! luns! (ocalliaments

Stron! &et elastic1 allo0s for recoil of tissue afterbein stretched

'ONNE'TI>E TISSUE


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'ONNE'TI>E TISSUE)'A+TILAGE'om"osed of chondroc&tes 9cells: located in matri#-

surrounded s"aces called lacunae.

T&"e of cartilae determined b& com"onents of the matri#.

,irm consistenc&.

Ground substance) /roteol&cans and h&aluronic acidcom"le#es toether tra" lare amounts of 0ater

9microsco"ic s"ones:. Allo0s tissue to s"rin bac afterbein com"ressed.

A(ascular and no ner(e su""l&. Heals slo0l&.

!erichondrium. Dense irreular connecti(e tissue thatsurrounds cartilae. ,ibroblasts of "erichondrium can

di=erentiate into chondroblasts 9cartilae-formin cells:T&"es of cartilaeH&aline,ibrocartilaeElastic


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Perichondrium

Aposition

groth

HYALINE 'A+TILAGE


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HYALINE 'A+TILAGE

Figure 4.12g

'escription)

Amor"hous but 2rmmatri#1 2bers form anim"erce"tiblenet0or1

chondroblasts "roducethe matri# and 0henmature 9chondroc&tes:lie in lacunae

unction) Su""ortsand reinforce1 hasresilient cushion"ro"erties1 resist

com"ressi(e stress.

ELASTI' 'A+TILAGE


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ELASTI' 'A+TILAGE

Figure 4.12h

'escription) Similarto h&aline cartilae!but more elastic2bers in matri#.

unction) $aintainsthe sha"e of astructure 0hile

allo0in reat3e#ibilit&

)ocation) Su""orts

the e#ternal ear


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,I*+O'A+TILAGE

Figure 4.12i

'escription) $atri#similar to but less

2rm than in h&alinecartilae1 thiccollaen"redominate.

unction) Tensilestrenth 0ith theabilit& to absorb

com"ressi(e shoc.


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attention45ood )uc-6

epithel connective tissues

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