US Army Corpsof EngineersGraphic StandardsManual

EP 310-1-6 Revised 9/94

®

CECW -CO

Pamphlet No. 310-1-6

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington, DC 20314-1000

Corporate Information GRAPHIC STANDARDS MANUAL

EP 310-1-6 Change 1

1 June 2006

1. This Change 1 to EP 310-1-6, September 1994 changes the point of contact for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sign Standards to the district, division sign program manager or the National Sign Program Manager located at the Sign MCX in the St. Paul District.

2. Substitute the attached page as shown below:

Chapter Remove page Insert page

6 6-1 6-1

3. File this change sheet in front of the publication for reference purposes.

FOR THE COMMANDER:

Colonel, Corps of Engineers Chief of Staff

The guidance provided within this Graphic StandardsManual was developed to assure that the visual presen-tation of the Corps of Engineers is accomplished withconsistency and forethought. Set forth for your refer-ence are the current policies regarding the use of theCorps logotype and direction on the development ofvisual communications. Continuing to focus on theCorps Communication Mark and its various applications, the manual also introduces guidance fornew areas where graphic identification of the Corps isappropriate.

The manual is designed to be a useful tool for develop-ing visual communications for Corps programs.Whether the medium is a brochure, poster, newspaperor video, the necessity of presenting a consistent, recognizable image to the public, as well as ouremployees, is important to the Corps tradition and itscontinued service to our nation. I urge you to becomefamiliar with the content of these pages and the appro-priate applications demonstrated.

Arthur E. WilliamsLieutenant General, USACommanding

A Message From the Commander I

Table of Contents II

Message From The Commander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ITable of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II

Chapter 1Communication Mark and Signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

Chapter 2Heraldic Symbology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1

Chapter 3Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1

Chapter 4Publication Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1

Chapter 5Business Graphics and Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1

Chapter 6Signage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1

Chapter 7Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1

Chapter 8Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-1

Chapter 9Reproduction Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-1

Communication Mark 1and Signature

The U.S. Army Corps of EngineersCommunication Mark is the key graphicelement in the Corps’ uniform graphic identification system. Its form is derived from the traditional castle symbol used byCorps since its inception.The mark has been redesigned to have

greater strength and adaptability, both visually and for reproduction purposes. In its new form, the mark is a simplified con-temporary rendering of a traditional symbol.This mark is well suited for use in a widerange of identification, promotion and advertising applications aimed both at internal Corps audiences and at the gen-eral public.The shapes contained within the mark

have been rendered for clear reproductionat both large and small scales.The mark is primarily used as the com-

mon graphic element placed above thenames of Field Operating Activities withinthe Corps as a part of their signatures.The mark may stand alone on publication

covers, and other Corps graphics as atasteful visual element. It should not, how-ever, be used decoratively on the samepage or surface that contains a full signa-ture. When using the mark by itself on apublication, place the full signature in another appropriate position, such as theback cover, book spine or title page.

Some notes to remember when using themark:—The mark has been carefully drawn andshould only be reproduced by photographicprocesses from the approved reproductionart in Chapter 9 of this manual.—If the mark must be produced at a scaletoo large for photographic reproduction, agrid drawing of the mark is provided onpage 9-5 of this manual.—The mark should never be reproduced atless than 1⁄4" in height.—The mark shall only be used on its proper axis and never rotated to a newposition. Refer to approved reproduction artwork in Chapter 9 of this manual.—No prior versions of the Corps mark maybe used except as outlined in section 2 ofthis manual.—No Division, District or other FieldOperating Activity symbols, marks or sig-natures may be used.—Contact the Graphic Standards Coordi-nator, HQUSACE, CEIM-IV, for advice andassistance concerning specialized orunique applications of the mark. Uponrequest, the Communication Mark, as wellas other graphic symbols used by theCorps for visual identification, are availablein diskette format.

The Communication Mark has been registered with the US Patent andTrademark Office on November 30, 1993 as registration NO. 1,807,986. The ®symbol is to be displayed with the markwhen reproducing printed promotionalmaterial that is intended for public usage.

The Communication Mark 1-1

There are three preferred configurations ofthe Corps Mark and Signature which areshown at the right. These basic forms havebeen developed to provide maximum flexi-bility in the use of the mark and are thebasis for the Tone and Color Useage Guideon page 1-5 of this manual.

One-Color Version In many print applications, only one colorwill be available to the designer. The markand signature as well as other typographyand illustration, in such cases, require thatthe color used have a dark value. Black and dark values of the primary or second-ary color are preferred. Avoid the use ofpastel, diluted or “thin” colors in these applications.

Two-Color Version Where two flat colors or four-color processcolors are available, the mark may beshown in Communication Red while thename of the Corps and activity are shownin black against a white background.Swatches for matching Communication Red are found in Chapter 9 of this manual.In four-color process, Communication Red may be achieved by printing solidmagenta/80% yellow in combination.

Reverse Version Because of the nature of the drawing of thepositive version of the mark (as shownabove), a normal conversion to negative will result in a black rather than a white castle. To avoid this situation, a specialdrawing of the mark has been developedwhich includes an additional white outline.

Only the reproduction artwork provided in Chapter 9 of this manual shall be used toshow the mark in reverse.

Color considerations are similar to thosedescribed for the One-Color Version. In certain situations, shown throughout thismanual, the reverse treatment may be used showing the Communication Mark inCommunication Red.

Basic Configuration of the Mark 1-2

The primary purpose of the signature is to graphically identify the Corps and its FieldOperating Activities in a uniform andcommunicative way.

All signatures are a combination of theCorps Mark and the name which describesa specific Field Operating Activity. Noadditional elements, typography or graphicdevices should ever be added to the basicsignature configuration.

Corps Signature The Corps Signature consists of the markand the Corps of Engineers name set in the Helvetica Medium type face. Both elements are placed flush to the left. Thissignature is to be used as the graphic identifier on those items common to theentire Corps of Engineers.

Division, District and other Field OperatingActivity SignaturesThere are individual signatures for the Officeof the Chief of Engineers and for each FieldOperating Activity in the Corps. The CorpsSignature is the principal graphic identifier tobe used by these activities on all publications, signage, vehicles, etc.The individual Field Operating Activity

signature is a modification of the basicCorps Signature. It is formed by placing the name of the particular FOA below theCorps name. FOA names are set in Helve-tica Regular, a lighter-weight type face sothat, while emphasis remains on the Corpsname and mark, each Corps activity isidentified in its own unique identification signature and, at the same time, is clearlyrelated to the Corps as a whole.There are no other acceptable versions

of the signature. Do not alter the typogra-phy, mark size, or general configuration ofthe signature. Use original reproduction artwork found in Chapter 9 of this manual at all times. Avoid second generation reproduction.

For detailed guidance on the application or use of the signature, refer to the appli-cable sections of this manual. Contact theCorps Graphics Coordinator for advice and assistance on unique or special appli-cations of the signature.

Signature Configurations 1-3

Two standard colors have been designated for the Corps graphics program.

Communication Red is to be used in all color versions of the Corps Communica-tion Mark, as well as in other applications illustrated in this manual.

Communication Gray may be used as a second color for typography in two-color versions of the Corps signature and may also be used as a single color in certain situations.When reproducing these colors in

four/color process screened tints, the standard formula shall be the following:Communication Red = 100 Red/80YellowCommunication Gray = 20 Red/30 Yellow/ 30 Blue.The colors used on this page and

throughout this manual are for illustration only and are not to be used as a standard.Communication Red shall match “PANTONE 032” and Communication Grayshall match “Pantone 408” found in the current PANTONE ®* MATCHING SYSTEM Formula Guide (© Pantone, Inc.)

Color Standards 1-4

Communication Red

Communication Gray

*Pantone, Inc.’s check-standard trademark forcolor standards, color data, color reproductionand color reproduction materials.

The official color for the Corps is Com-munication Red. This is a warm, middle value primary red which may be used as a single color in publications or used in com-bination with black or a medium value warm gray.The adjacent group of demonstrations

establishes a guide for color use in Corps publications.The use of other colors should be limited

to primary (red, yellow & blue) and sec-ondary (green, purple, or orange) colors.Avoid the use of pastel, diluted, or thinned colors.

It is recommended that pure white paperstock be used for signature background.Grey and beige tone papers may be used but soft or pastel colored papers should beavoided.

(1-2) The preferred two-color versions of the Corps signature are shown with theCommunication Mark reproduced in Com-munication Red and signature typography in Black (1) or Communication Gray (2),shown against a clear white background.No other two-color versions of the signa-ture are acceptable. Never reverse this color configuration.

(3-4) The preferred single-color versions of the Corps Signature are reproduced inBlack (3) or Communication Gray (4) andshown against a clear white background.

(5-6) The Corps Signature may be sur-printed (overprinted) in Black when shownagainst a background no darker than 40 percent gray and shall be dropped-out(reversed) when shown against a back-ground no lighter than 40 percent gray.

(7-8) The Corps Signature may be eithersurprinted or dropped out when shownagainst a background of Communication Red or other middle-value pure colors.

(9-10) The reverse drawing of the Com-munication Mark/Signature may be used in combination with either White or Black signature typography when shown against a Communication Gray or other middle value gray or neutral color background.

(11-12) The reverse drawing of theCommunication Mark may be shown inCommunication Red and used in combina-tion with either White (11) or Black (12) signature typography when shown against a Communication Gray or other middle-value Gray or Neutral color background.

(13) The reverse drawing of the Com-munication Mark/Signature may be reversed (dropped-out) from a background of four/color process half-tone when thebackground area is darker than the equiv-alent of 40 percent gray.

(14) The reverse drawing of the Com-munication Mark may be shown inCommunication Red and used in combina-tion with White Signature typography andreversed (dropped-out) from a background of four/color process half-tone when thebackground area is darker than the equiv-alent of 40 percent gray.

Tone and Color Usage Guide 1-5

The Communication Mark and the variousField Operating Activity Signatures are theprimary visual elements in the Corps graphic communication system. These elements become common to all visual communication and identification through-out the Corps.To maintain this uniformity, reproduction

artwork for all signatures in the most common sizes used for publications is pro-vided in Chapter 9 of this manual. Theseshould be clipped and used without alter-ation. Additional pages are available through the Corps Graphics Coordinator.To avoid improper applications, the

following guide attempts to show the mostcommon violations to both mark and signature configurations and the misuse of typography and color.

(1) The Communication Mark shall never be redrawn or changed from the standard in any way

(2) Multiple color reproduction of theCommunication Mark is unacceptable.

(3) Never substitute another style of typography for the standard Corps Signa-ture type style.

(4) The mark shall not be placed in anyrelationship to the signature typographyexcept the standard aligned flush-left posi-tion with prescribed spacing.

(5) Do not combine other shapes, colors, or symbols with the Corps Signature.

(6) The Communication Mark shall never be redrawn or changed from the standard in any way. No historical or tradi-tional drawings of the castle symbol mayever be used in combination with other ele-ments of the standard Corps Signature.

(7) Reproduction of the Signature from second or third generation copies is unac-ceptable. Sharpness and detail are dis-torted in this way. Avoid over or under-exposed photographic reproduction.

(8) Never reproduce the Corps Signa- ture in screen tones, or in any technique that will tend to fragment the image ofthe Signature.

(9) Do not alter the standard size rela- tionship between the Communication Markand Signature typography.

(10) Do not reproduce the Communica- tion Mark smaller than 1⁄4" in height.

(11) Do not use the positive version of the Communication Mark in combination with reverse (dropped-out) signature typography against a middle-value back-ground.

(12) The use of decorative borders, color shapes, panels or other arbitrary additive elements to enclose or provide abackground for the Corps Signature is unacceptable.

(13) Never reverse (drop-out) the posi- tive drawing of the Communication Mark.The castle must always be shown lighterthan the shape that contains it.

(14) Showing the Corps Signature against a split black and white or color background is prohibited.

Incorrect Use of Mark and Signature 1-6

Hearldic Symbology 2

Since its inception, the Corps of Engineershas used a variety of graphic symbols tocommunicate an image of strength andunity. The historical and traditional symbolsdesigned over the years have beenimportant to the development of theCommunication Mark, currently used toidentify the Corps to the general population. Agency identification shouldalways be the principle unifying graphic element in any project where presentation is in a visual format. There are occasionswhen the use of one of the historic symbolsor coats of arms is appropriate, in place ofthe more modern Communication Mark.

In deciding whether to use the currentCommunication Mark or one of the moretraditional symbols, you should consider the desired effect of your presentation. Theappropriate use of a Corps symbol can beeffective in establishing the image of theagency. The Communication Mark conveysa contemporary image of the Corps as agovernment agency that is both modern and in touch with the public it serves, whilethe historic symbols provide a sense of tradition that in specific presentations isimportant to the Corps image.

Contact the Graphic Standards Coordi-nator, HQUSACE, CEIM-IV, for advice onthe use of historical symbols represented inthis section of the manual. All symbols areavailable in diskette format.

Symbolism Introduction 2-1

Traditional Castle — The traditional castleis an important symbol representative ofthe long history and national significanceof the Corps of Engineers. Dating back toabout 1839, this symbol is used only inspecial applications, specifically when asense of the tradition and history of theCorps are an essential part of the visualpresentation. It is recommended for special and limited use such as forawards, historic presentations, executiveand military officer letterhead, businesscards and similar applications.

The Traditional Castle Symbol has beenregistered with the US Patent andTrademark Office on November 23, 1993as registration NO. 1,806,429. The ®symbol is to be displayed with the CastleSymbol when reproducing printed promotional material that is intended forpublic usage.

Traditional Castle Symbol 2-2

Official Essayons Coat of Arms — Shortlyafter the Civil War in 1867, the Corps ofEngineers adopted the Essayons Coat ofArms in commemoration of the consoli-dation of the Topographical Engineers (est.1830’s) and the regular Corps of Engineers (est. 1802). The symbol displays the Corps motto “Essayons,”Latin for “Let Us Try.” This Essayons symbol is rarely used today, except in presentations of traditional or historic significance. It is appropriate for use onawards, plaques, and in visual presenta-tions related to the military functions of theCorps of Engineers.

“Essayons” Coat of Arms 2-3

Official Essayons Unit Crest — This modern symbol is the official Corps ofEngineers unit crest, which is worn byUSACE military personnel. The eagle, ournational symbol stands behind the scarletand white tower representing the Corps ofEngineers and its construction mission.The world-wide scope of the Corps mission and its service to the nation in thepast, present and future are suggested bythe sun symbol and globe. The olivebranch connotes the peaceful nature of theCorps mission and the oak stands for fortitude, while the branches symbolize theagency’s concern for the environment. Theeagle proudly carries the Corps historicmotto, “Essayons,” meaning “Let Us Try.”Most appropriately used in relation to themilitary functions of the Corps, the symbolis usable in most graphic applications.

Official Essayons Unit Crest 2-4

Engineers Officers Button — This symbolis found on the buttons of the Class Amilitary uniform for Corps of Engineersofficers Army-wide. The symbol of thebutton has no other authorized graphicapplication.

Engineers Officers Button Symbol 2-5

USACE Shoulder MACOM Patch — Thepatch, originating in 1980, was designed tobe worn by Corps of Engineers militarypersonnel, with the exception of thoseassigned to the Pentagon. The symbol ofthe patch has no other authorized graphicapplication.

MACOM Shoulder Patch 2-6

Engineer Regimental Crest — The regi-mental crest incorporates all facets of theengineer mission. The gold turreted castlehas been the official symbol of the Corpsof Engineers since 1921, although thedevice has existed since before the CivilWar. Scarlet and white are the official colors of the Corps. Scarlet symbolizesour shared heritage with the Artillery.White, which was the original color of theinfantry, symbolizes the Corps secondarymission. The crest is officially worn on theuniforms of USACE military personnel.Displaying both the Corps castle and the“Essayons” motto, this symbol is a populargraphic used in awards, plaques and othervisual presentations.

Engineer Regimental Crest 2-7

Publications 3

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers isresponsible for supplying information toindustry, Congress, and the general public.Information is also generated for use inter-nal to the Corps or Department of theArmy. This transfer of information requiresa major publishing effort by the Corps.

Following are general guidelines for theCorps publications graphic system. Thissystem is a major part of the GraphicsStandardization System of the Corps.

Included in the system are guidelines forsignature placement, publication size, andformat, and typographic selection. Thissystem was conceived as a working toolfor the Corps publication designer. Thesystem provides a consistent framework orunderstructure for all Corps publications,but does not attempt to solve the specificcreative problems inherent in each publi-cation. Working within the system, adesigner may more effectively deal withhis major challenge, the graphic interpreta-tion of content.

Consistent and intelligent use of thissystem will result in a family of Corpspublications that are readable, appealing,and reflective of a high standard of designprofessionalism throughout the Corps.

The SignatureThe signature is to be placed on all Corpspublications. When placed on a publicationcover, it will generally be aligned to the leftmargin. The placement of the signature ona cover will always relate to the interior gridformat as shown in subsequent illustra-tions. Signature size is dependent on thetitle or headline type size selected. This isespecially critical when the signature markis aligned with the title material on a hori-zontal line. The diagram below illustratesthe four recommended size relationshipsof mark to headline cap height. Examplesshowing these relationships in applicationare shown throughout this manual.

Publication SizesFour sizes have been established that willaccommodate the majority of the publica-tion types and formats to be producedby the Corps. These sizes are 81⁄2" X 11",51⁄2" x 81⁄2", 4" x 9" and 41⁄4" x 53⁄8".Each size has a multiple purpose and wasselected for economic use of standardsheet fed printing paper sizes. These sizesallow for bleed without extravagant waste.

Publication FormatThe vertical format has been adopted forCorps publications. Horizontal or albumformats are permissible when presen-tation or use of the content cannot beadapted to the standard vertical format.Cover and text designs for horizontal for-mat publications should still use the princi-ples established for the vertical format.

The GridThe uniformity and consistency of Corpspublications is contingent on a generallayout and method of page composition.Each publication size has been assigned aformat grid. This grid becomes the under-structure for the layout. It uniformly dividesthe page, delineating column widths, mar-gins, gutters, and horizontal base lines.The grid is a tool used to plan the place-ment and interrelationships of headlines,body text, illustrative material, and cap-tions along with the conscious use of whitespace to give the publication readabilityand an inviting aesthetic sense.

The Corps format grid system for publica-tion design includes:

Grid A—81⁄2" x 11" used for large publi-cations, manuals, and magazines. Con-tains one column, two column, three col-umn, and four column formats.

Grid B—81⁄2" x 11" used for technicalbooks. Accommodates one column,two column, and three column formats.

Grid C—51⁄2" x 81⁄2" used for brochuresand directories. Accommodates onecolumn, two column, and three columnformats.

Grid D—41⁄4" x 53⁄8" used for brochuresand directories. Accommodates onecolumn and two column formats.

Grid E—4" x 9" used for pamphlets,leaflets and maps. Accommodates onecolumn and two column formats.

Use of GridA designer should begin the design of apublication with a thorough knowledge ofthe material to be presented including bothtext and illustration. The designer shoulddiscuss the editorial attitude with theauthor and know how the proponentintends to use the publications.The choice of size and grid format will

often evolve out of the publication’sintended use.

For example, a large technical reviewprepared on water resource utilization mayuse Grid B. Grid E may be used appro-priately for a small guide to Corps recrea-tional facilities. A photographic history ofhydropower would use Grid A, and a tele-phone directory for a District or Divisionwould take advantage of the compact twocolumn formats contained in Grid C andGrid D.

Determine a grid format that will accom-modate the contents. Lay out a roughthumbnail sketch to test your concept. Asnecessary, revise the concept until you aresatisfied that all elements will be accommo-dated in an inviting and readable layout.When locating the signature, headlines,

columns of type, captions, and illustrativematerials, place them flush to the leftmargin on the vertical rules of the selectedgrid format.The horizontal page divisions are in one

sixth increments that extend the width ofthe page. Each of these units has a topand bottom margin. Text typography andheadline material that is hung from a hori-zontal unit should generally be aligned onthe top of the unit with the x height (top oflower case letters) of the type. When usinga base margin within the page, the bottomof the type line should rest on the bottomhorizontal line of the unit.

Do not deviate from the adopted gridformat. Consistency is critical for a senseof visual order, both within the specificpublication and throughout all Corpspublications.

Limit typographic sizes and styles to asfew as possible.

Do not use unnecessary graphicdevices. Embellishments detract from themessage to be communicated.The sections that follow select grid for-

mats by publication size and type. Thesedemonstrate many of the different alterna-tives available to the Corps communicator.

TypographyTypography is the designers basic visualelement used to communicate a message.The subjective element of typography is

a requirement that it be legible. However,each typographic problem demands itsown overall treatment. Magazines needboth typographic consistency and a free-dom to adapt to editorial and illustrativecontent. Technical journals and reportsrequire an economical use of the pagewithout sacrificing readability. On posters,typography is often used as an illustrativeelement. Also, size and space relation-ships between key words and other mate-rial contained on the poster are critical tocommunication. Typography, as used onbusiness forms, must be readable and notcompete with the more important change-able information.The typographic system has been

designed to accommodate the diverseneeds of the Corps, yet maintain a general

Introduction 3-1

Communication Mark to Headline Standard Proportional Relationships

consistency in application and appearance.This system utilizes three typefaces,

each of which has a bold weight and a lightor book weight face. Each typeface isintended to accommodate a particularrequirement within the system. For generalpublications, these requirements are oftensimilar, allowing the designer to select themost appropriate font.

Elements of Typographic System

Serif Typeface: Times Roman —Times Roman is an excellent typeface forreports and booklets containing largeamounts of text typography. Times Romanis very readable. As its compatible accentface, Times Roman Bold is to be used forheadlines and subheads to accent the reg-ular (book) weight.Times Roman was designed in 1932 for

the London Times Newspaper. It is tradi-tional in character, and is an attractive,highly legible type font. It has a largelower-case letter height with moderatecontrast in stroke width, and the circularletter forms are slightly condensed, afford-ing economical space utilization whilemaintaining desirable point size.

Serif Typeface: Century Schoolbook—Asits name implies, Century Schoolbook wasdeveloped for use in textbook compositionand its outstanding characteristic is ex-tremely good legibility.The very open, simplified early 20th

Century letterforms of Century School-book express a transition from classicserifforms dating as far back as the 1600’s. Thistransition ultimately led to the extreme sim-plification of our contemporary sans-serifletterforms, an expression of the advancedindustrial revolution and the functionalistmovement in art and industrial design.

Century Schoolbook bold and italic maybe used in complement to Century School-book text settings.

Sans Serif Typeface: Helvetica Regularwith Helvetica Medium and Helvetica Bold—Helvetica is a uniformly proportionedsans serif type. It has a simplicity and con-temporary character. Helvetica regular hasbeen adopted as a superb brochure andgeneral information publication typeface.The Helvetica lower case letters are large.With adequate leading as shown in thetypeface display, this typeface is highlylegible.

Helvetica Regular compliments theCorps signatures and is to be used for allancillary text on stationery. It is also to beused for all typography on business forms.The Helvetica Medium or Helvetica Boldtypefaces may be used as a compatibleBold weights for titles and headlines.These three typefaces, if used properly,

give a utilitarian flexibility and legibility toCorps publications while maintaining astandard approach to typography. Refer to

examples throughout the manual for rec-ommended use applications.The following group of general principles

describe how to select and set type for leg-ibility and ease of reading.

Type LegibilityThe legibility and readability of type is

dependent on the physical characteristicsof letters and words. Each typeface has adifferent letter form configuration, propor-tion, and weight emphasis. As a result,there are only guides; no definitive rulesfor the specific selection and use oftypography.

Letter forms are recognized by theiroutside shape. A medium (book) weightfont provides necessary shape deliniationand letter weight without overfilling theinterior of enclosed letters. Serifs tend toamplify the character of the letter form’soutside shape. The relationship betweenthick and thin sections of stroke widthshould be moderate with weight emphasison the vertical. The height of the lowercase letters (x height) should be 60% to66% of the overall capital height. Longascenders or descenders fragment the let-ter. Round letter forms should be slightlycondensed. Elongating or tightly condens-ing a letter form distorts its recognizablecharacteristics.

Moderation should be the guide forletter spacing and word spacing. Wordsvisually break up if there is too much spacebetween each letter. Tight or touchingletter forms in text sizes will appear tobleed into each other.The selection of type size, line length,

and leading (space between lines) isdependent on the general character andlayout of the publication. For use in text,type is generally set within the nine to 12point range. The size of text type shouldnot be a mathematical determination. Thetype selected must feel comfortable withthe page layout.

In text setting, the line length desired(a factor used in the selection of which gridconfiguration to use) should feel comfort-able to read in the selected type point size.If it is too long, the reader is forced tosearch for his or her place at the beginningof each line. Short line length in text typemay cause distracting phrase and wordbreakage. Studies have shown that linelengths having 40 to 65 characters are themost comfortable to read.

It is recommended that typographyis set unjustified or “rag right”. This lightensthe visual weight of the block of type onthe page without effect to readability.Typography may also be set “justified” leftand right in certain book-length publica-tions or when a traditional or historical lookis desirable.Typographic color, the apparent light-

ness or darkness of a unit of type on apage, as well as its general readability iscontrolled by line spacing or leading. Text

type usually has one to three points ofleading depending on font’s body, size, andline length. The white space created byleading eases the reader’s ability to followthe line.The parameters of headline typography

are much less constraining. They may beused as a graphic device in the layout asmuch as they are for their content. Heavierweights are used, and letter spacing maybe tighter. Use of all upper case letters isunacceptable.

Method of CompositionTwo methods of composition are utilizedby the Corps typographic system.

Display/HeadlinesItems recommended for the opticallyspaced typositor method of typesettinginclude headlines, covertitles, mastheads,signage, vehicle markings, etc. Typogra-phy may be ordered from in-house Corpslocations, Government Printing Office or aRegional Printing Procurement Office.

TextRecommended setting method adoptedfor Corps text typefaces is by keyboardphoto typesetting. These adopted type-faces including helvetica Regular andMedium, Times Roman and Times RomanBold, and Century Schoolbook are readilyavailable to be set on photo typesettingmachines from every major manufacturer.The look of a typeface will vary from one

manufacturer to another. When specifyingtype for a publication, refer if possible tothe sample setting from the type ofmachine to be used. Do not mix type seton two different machines in the samepublication.

SummaryAs the basic element in visual communica-tions, the designer will use typography topresent the message and support theidea. The creative use of any rule or guidebecomes a subjective judgment. Itrequires planning and layout using formatto reflect content along with thoughtfulintegration of headlines, subheads, illus-trative materials, captions, and whitespace for a tasteful, effective communica-tions result.

Photography and IllustrationPhotography and illustration are high-impact visual elements. Select an imagetone that reflects the message or ideabeing communicated. Images must be ofhigh reproduction quality and mustbecome an integral part of the layout.

SelectionWhen you begin to pre-visualize thedesign format, the illustrative treatmentshould avoid worn out or cliche images.The photograph must have impact.It must convey an idea that is part of the

Introduction 3-2

story but not in print or be supportive of aprinted idea.

If multiple illustrations are used, theyshould not be redundant. One good photo-graph is better than several mediocreones.Your layout should not force the useof photographs just to fill space. A goodlayout may forgive the use of a necessarybut not superb photograph.When using more than one photograph;

crop, size, and place them by value andimage quality. Contrasts in shape, size,and implied direction of the photographcan be very effective.When selecting a photographer or an

artist for an assignment, try to marry theperson’s style or talent to the illustrativeneed. Select the best talent for the illustra-tive need. Review the project and theeditorial requirements with your photog-rapher or illustrator before beginning theassignment.

Quality of ImageHigh quality printing and reproductionwill not forgive a photograph of poorphysical quality. Each reproduction stepdiminishes the tone, color, and line qualityof the original.

Black and white prints should contain afull tonal range. Avoid washed-out or highcontrast prints. Color transparenciesshould have true color that is saturated.Avoid using slides or prints with thin colorfor print reproduction.

Line artwork should be sharp and clean.Multiple generation photostats, xerogra-phic copies or photographs containing ascreen from prior use should always beavoided.

LayoutPhotographs and illustrations should beintegral to and reflect the selected format.Size and align illustrative material to thispreplanned structure.

PaperPaper selection is an important factor thatwill effect the quality and appearance ofyour publication.The characteristics of a specific paper

will effect the reproduction of both one ortwo flat colors, as well as half-tones andfour-color process. Sharp, well-inkedimages with maximum ink holdout (surfaceretention) is the preferred end result. Allcategories of paper specifications shouldbe for “middle to top of the line” qualities(coated or uncoated).

A coated paper with either dull or glosssurface finish is recommended for four-color reproduction jobs that require firstquality, high resolution of halftones, as wellas those that require a large amount of inkcoverage (solid areas).

Flat color reproduction, or line work,may be printed on coated or uncoatedpaper.

For booklets of 20 pages or more, a

separate or heavier cover stock may beconsidered. With perfect bound bookletsor reports of 40 pages or more, bulk mustbe considered as more pages are added.Stock should not be too rigid and shouldnot hinder opening or the ability to lie flat.However, when reducing the paper weightto cut the bulk, it is advisable to retainmaximum opacity in order to prevent bleedor ink show-through from the back ofthe page.Texture or surface quality of the paper

should not compete with the designor images. In most cases a plain, smoothsurface is recommended.White paper is perferred for most

applications. Use of colored stock shouldbe limited to a beige or warm tone grey.Pastel or primary colored stocks should beavoided.

Before paper specifications are finalized,if possible obtain a paper dummy of the pub-lication in the intended weight and paperstock from your printer or paper supplier.

ProductionThe procedure for designing a publicationand preparing it for reproduction is dif-ferent for each individual job. There is,however, a logical series of tasks thatapply to the design and completion of mostpublications. The steps below should beused as a guide.

1 ) Receive all copy text, and editorialmaterials. Know attitude and goals ofauthor/proponent.

2) Know subject and intent. Gatheravailable photographs, illustrations, orother art for review.

3) Evaluate editorial attitude, copylength, method of illustration.

4) Lay out a rough schematic indicatingselected grid format. Prepare in thumbnailto see all spreads in sequence. Indicatetypographic treatment of heads, text, useof illustrations, color, and other graphicdevices.

5) Prepare a written specification indi-cating quantity, size, binding method,paper stock, color, and schedule. Reviewproduction requirements with PCO andP/RCO.

6) Count copy and fit to schematic.Revise copy as needed, specify the type,and have it set.

7) Proofread the typeset galleys. Circu-late “readers” or type proof for necessaryapprovals, and correct as needed.

8) Size all photographs and illustrativematerials to fit the layout using selectedgrid. Lay out a full size comprehensive withcorrected type proof, headlines, photo-stats, C-prints, and other graphic devices.

9) Review comprehensive and obtainapproval. Make corrections or revisions asrequested and present again, if necessary.

10) Prepare mechanicals.11 ) Release mechanicals to printer with

specifications and production instructionsincluding color, binding, and pagination.

Request blueprint and accurate productionschedule.

12) Check blueprint for stripping errors,position of halftone, margins, broken type,and dirt.

13) For command administration publi-cations requiring numbering systems theguidance contained in AR-25-30 will beused.

Introduction 3-3

Helvetica Medium and Helvetica Regularare the type styles used in all Corps signa-tures. This versatile family of typography isextremely useful in publication design aswell as in the more permanent identifica-tion applications shown in this manual.

Shown below are examples of the fullalphabets and sample text settings ofHelvetica Regular with Helvetica Mediumor Helvetica Bold headlines.

Typography–Helvetica 3-4

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers:A Commitment to the FutureThe Corps of Engineers has served as an engineer advisor to Congress in the water resources field for over 150 years. Prompted by public desires and needs, Congress has authorized and continued to

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers:A Commitment to the FutureThe Corps of Engineers has served as an engineer advisor to Congress in the water resources field for over 150 years.Prompted by public desires and needs, Congress has authorized and continued to

9/10 point Helvetica Regular, 14 picas unjustifiedmargin with 9 point Helvetica Bold headline.

11/12 point Helvetica Regular, 211⁄2 pica unjustified margin with 11 point Helvetica Bold headline.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers:A Commitment to the Future

The Corps of Engineers has served as an engineer advisor to Con-gress in the water resources field for over 150 years. Prompted by public desires and needs, Congress has authorized and continued toauthorize the Corps to investigate, develop, and improve the Nation’s

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers:A Commitment to the Future

The Corps of Engineers has served as an engineer advisor to Congress in the water resources field for over 150years.Prompted by public desires andneeds, Congress has authorized and

10/11 point Helvetica Regular, 14 picas unjustifiedmargin with 10 point Helvetica Medium headlineone-half line space above column.

12/13 point Helvetica Regular, 29 pica unjustified margin with 12 point Helvetica Medium headlineone-half line space above column.

The Times Roman family of type styles isstrongly recommended for use in publica-tion text settings, especially when lengthytext is involved. Easy legibility and reada-bility are the hallmarks of this versatile typefamily.

Shown below are examples of TimesRoman and Bold in full alphabet specimensalong with sample text settings of TimesRoman with Times Bold and HelveticaMedium headings.

Typography–Times Roman 3-5

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers:A Commitment to the FutureThe Corps of Engineers has served as an engineer advisor toCongress in the water resources field for over 150 years.Prompted by public desires and needs, Congress has author-ized and continued to authorize the Corps to investigate,develop, and improve the Nation’s water and related landresources. The primary responsibilities of the Corps in thisarea involve flood control and navigation. Other water

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers:A Commitment to the FutureThe Corps of Engineers has served as an engi-neer advisor to Congress in the water resourcesfield for over 150 years. Prompted by publicdesires and needs, Congress has authorizedand continued to authorize the Corps to inves-tigate, develop, and improve the Nation’swater and related land resources. The primaryresponsibilities of the Corps in this areainvolve flood control and navigation. Other

9/10 point Times Roman, 14 pica unjustifiedmargin with 9 point Times Roman Bold headline.

11/12 point Times Roman, 211⁄2 pica unjustified margin with 11 point Times Roman Bold headline.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers:A Commitment to the Future

The Corps of Engineers has served as an engineer advisor to Congress inthe water resources field for over 150 years. Prompted by public desires andneeds, Congress has authorized and continued to authorize the Corps toinvestigate, develop, and improve the Nation’s water and related landresources. The primary responsibilities of the Corps in this area involveflood control and navigation. Other water resource objectives addressed aspart of these primary responsibilities are hydroelectric power, water supply,water quality, recreation, fish and wildlife conservation, and preservationof ecological resources. This aspect of the Corps’ work is referred to as the

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers:A Commitment to the Future

The Corps of Engineers has served as anengineer advisor to Congress in thewater resources field for over 150 years.Prompted by public desires and needs,Congress has authorized and continued toauthorize the Corps to investigate, develop,and improve the Nation’s water and relatedland resources.The primary responsibili-ties of the Corps in this area involve floodcontrol and navigation. Other waterresource objectives addressed as part of

10/11 point Times Roman, 14 pica unjustifiedmargin with 10 point Times Roman Bold head-line one-half line space above column.

12/13 point Times Roman, 29 pica unjustified margin with 12 point Times Roman Bold headlineone-half line space above column.

Century Schoolbook and Century School-book Bold represent an extremely versatilefamily of publication type styles. Veryreadable in small, lengthy text settings,Century can also be used to advantage inlarger scale with great success. CenturySchoolbook Bold provides an excellentdisplay headline face for use alone or incombination with the lighter CenturySchoolbook.

Shown below are examples of the fullCentury Schoolbook and Century School-book Bold alphabets with sample text set-tings of Century Schoolbook with CenturySchoolbook Bold headings.

Typography–Century Schoolbook 3-6

The US. Army Corps of Engineers:A Commitment to the FutureThe Corps of Engineers has served as an engineeradvisor to Congress in the water resources field forover 150 years. Prompted by public desires andneeds, Congress has authorized and continued toauthorize the Corps to investigate, develop, andimprove the Nation’s water and related land

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers:A Commitment to the FutureThe Corps of Engineers has served as anengineer advisor to Congress in thewater resources field for over 150 years.Prompted by public desires and needs,Congress has authorized and continuedto authorize the Corps to investigate,develop, and improve the Nation’s waterand related land resources. The pri-

9/10 point Century Schoolbook, 14 pica unjus-tified margin with 9 point Century SchoolbookBold headline.

11/12 point Century Schoolbook, 211/2 pica unjustified margin with 11 point Century SchoolbookBold headline.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers;A Commitment to the Future

The Corps of Engineers has served as an engineer advisor toCongress in the water resources field for over 150 years. Promptedby public desires and needs, Congress has authorized and contin-ued to authorize the Corps to investigate, develop, and improvethe Nation’s water and related land resources. The primaryresponsibilities of the Corps in this area involve flood control andnavigation. Other water resource objectives addressed as part ofthese primary responsibilities are hydroelectric power, water sup-ply, water quality, recreation, fish and wildlife conservation, and

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers:A Commitment to the Future

The Corps of Engineers has served asan engineer advisor to Congress inthe water resources field for over 150years. Prompted by public desiresand needs, Congress has authorizedand continued to authorize the Corpsto investigate, develop, and improvethe Nation’s water and related landresources. The primary responsibili-ties of the Corps in this area involveflood control and navigation. Other

10/11 point Century Schoolbook. 14 pica unjus-tified margin with 10 point Century SchoolbookBold headline one-half space above column.

12/13 point Century Schoolbook, 29 pica unjustified margin with 12 point Century Schoolbook Boldheadline one-half space above column.

Grid A—81⁄2" x 11" Quality PublicationsThis standard grid contains one, two, threeand four-column formats. It is to be used as the basic structure for large publica-tions, manuals and magazines. At right, the grid and its application to a typical cover are shown. Inside this foldout, typical interior text applications of the grid are illustrated. Refer to page 4-1 foractual-size working grid.

Grid B—81⁄2" x 11" Technical PublicationsThis standard grid contains one, two, threeand four-column formats for use as theunderlying structure of Corps technical publications. It accommodates hole punching and various bulky binding tech-niques with a wide margin placed on thebinding edge. At right, the grid and its application to a typical cover are shown.Inside this foldout, typical interior text applications of the grid are illustrated.Refer to page 4-2 for actual-size workinggrid.

Grid C—51⁄2" x 81⁄2" Brochures &DirectoriesThis standard grid contains one, two andthree-column formats and is to be used asthe basis for brochures, general informa-tion publications and directories publishedby the Corps. At right, the grid and its appli-cation to a typical cover are shown. Insidethis foldout, typical interior text applicationsof the grid are illustrated. Refer to page 4-3 for actual-size working grid.

Grid D—41⁄4" x 53⁄8" Brochures &DirectoriesThis standard grid contains one and two-column formats and is intended as a moreeconomical companion to Grid C. It shouldbe used, where appropriate, as the struc-ture for brochures, general information publications, and directories. At right, thegrid and its application to a typical cover are shown. Inside this foldout, typical interior text applications of the grid are illus-trated. Refer to page 4-4 for full-size working grid.

Grid E—4" x 9" Pamphlets, Leafletsand MapThis standard grid contains one and two-column formats and is to be used as thebasic structure for pamphlets, leaflets, andmaps published by the Corps. At right, thegrid and its application to a typical cover are shown. Inside this foldout, typical interior text applications are illustrated. Referto pages 3-12 and 3-14 for additionalguidance on maps. Refer to page 4-5 foractual-size working grid.

Standard Publication Formats 3-7

Standard Publications Forms 3-8

I 01 -

•••••••• -

•• 0

~--

0 ·-

... __ _ • - -

--

-_,, ....

--·

- ••

• • • - • -. •

• • •

• • • • • •

Illustrated below is a typical Corps publica-tion cover using standard Grid A (belowleft) for its basic structure. In the covershown here, the Corps signature is a majorelement in the design solution. However, insome cases, it may be desirable to showthe signature on the back cover or lastpage of a publication. This, along withmany other variations in cover design arepossible with use of the Corps standardgrid system. The principles illustrated hereapply to all five standard publication gridsin the system.

Inside this foldout, illustrated in diagram-matic form, are a number of possible varia-tions on the cover illustrated below. The

grid is a flexible tool and may be utilized inmany different ways as aid in communicat-ing in an orderly, consistent fashion and inthe graphic interpretation of content.

Publication Covers 3-9

In the examples shown below, the cover design shown on page 3-9 and additional variations are illustrated in diagrammatic form.

All of these variations are based spe- cifically on standard “Grid A—81⁄2" x 11"Quality Publications,” but are indicative of the flexibility inherent in the complete range of standard Corps publication grids.

Grid A is shown at left below, in order toprovide direct reference to the origin andfoundation for each of the specific varia-tions illustrated.

In developing any publication and, therefore, its cover, the designer and pro-ponent are confronted with a myriad of

basic decisions which ultimately determinethe look and overall editorial tone of thefinal product. The standard grid is a usefultool to be employed in the exploration of allthese possibilities.The following notes list some of the

questions and considerations that have been dealt with in the diagrammatic covertreatments shown below.—Should the cover use a photograph orother illustration? —Would a straight typographic cover solu-tion be more appropriate? —Should the masthead or titling typogra-phy be bold or discreet? —Should the Corps Signature be shown

the cover?—Should the photograph or illustration beshown as a full bleed?—If so, what would be the best adaptationof the typography for that specific photo-graph or illustration?—Would the photograph or illustrationwork to best advantage as a free-standingpanel on the cover?—If so, should it be large or small, andshould any typographic elements besuperimposed on the panel?—Should sub-titling or ancillary typogra-phy of any kind be used on the cover?—If so, what position on the cover willafford the appropriate amount of emphasis

and position relative to the main title? —Should the main title be the only typographic element on the cover? —Do all the elements, when assembled,convey the editorial message in an effec-tive way? This list of questions could be endless and attempts only to illustrate some of thedecisions, both design and editorial, thatmust be confronted once a basic overallapproach to the publication has been determined .

Graphic Vocabulary The graphic vocabulary used for Corps publication cover designs contains several

constant elements, including: The CorpsSignature, 6 pt. and 1⁄2 pt. rules, titling and/or ancillary typography set in the Hel-vetica, Times Roman or Century School-book families of typestyles, and the stand-ard Corps publication grid system.

Refer to pages 3-1 – 3-6 for general guidance on publications. Contact the Corps Graphics Coordinator for advice and assistance in specific publication problem areas.

Publication Covers – Variations Based on Standard Gride 3-10

In certain circumstances, the look of aCorps publication cover should have a special, unique quality that will set it apartfrom its companions which are derivedfrom the standard grid system. The mostobvious application of this principle wouldbe a public affairs oriented magazine,although some special one-of-a-kindpubli- cations might be appropriatelytreated in this way. Consult the CorpsGraphics Coordinator for advice andcounsel before adopting this treatment forpublication.The approach shown here adheres to

the spirit and general look of other Corpspublications, but deviates from directadherence to the standard grid system.

Typographic styles are consistent withCorps standards but are used in a waythat suggests a magazine logotype ormast- head treatment. The positioning ofthis titling element is not determined by a standard grid but rather by how the ele-ment works as a counterpoint to thephoto- graph or illustration.

It bears repeating that this kind of treatment is not intended for the averageCorps publications, and that it should notbe used without first consulting the CorpsGraphics Coordinator.

Special Format Covers 3-11

Located on page 3-13 are folding diagramsfor four recommended sizes of pamphlets/map folders. Depending on the amount andcomplexity of content, a 6, 8, 12, or 16panel layout might be appropriate for use.These publications all fold to 4" x 9” andare to be designed using Grid E.

Use the folding diagrams in combinationwith the guidelines on page 3-13 in devel-oping Corps pamphlets/map folders.

Pamphlet/Map General Guidlines And Folding Diagrams 3-12

Pamphlet/Map General Guidelines and Folding Diagrams 3-13

Arrows in the diagrams indicate direction of thenext opening fold. The opening sequence isdescribed from top to bottom in the diagrams.

6 paoel 12 pllfl(',l 16 p.;,ll(ll

~D ~D ~D OJ_ OJ~ OJ.

1- '--'-----L-.... ~

11111 11 t~

The five illustrations at the right show atypical 24-panel map folder layout anddemonstrate how such publications shouldunfold for maximum impact and readability.

As the panels are unfolded, the publica-tion is always “right-reading”, and the infor-mation is arranged to lead the reader in alogical, linear fashion as if reading a book.

One side of this 24" x 18" publication isdevoted to general information presentedin the form of text and illustration (figs 1-4).The opposite side is given to specific data,in this case charts, maps, tables and someadditional text and illustration. This kind offunctional division of content is stronglysuggested for these publications, no mat-ter what size.

Use this illustration in combination withthe folding diagrams shown on page 3-13as a guide to preparation of pamphlets andmap folders.

Pamphlet/Map Standard Format 3-14

Arrows in the diagram indicate direction of thenext opening fold. The opening sequence isdescribed from top to bottom in the diagram.

Corps binder covers are closely related totypographic applications of Grids A and Bfor 81⁄2" x 11" publications. All of the sameprinciples apply except for slight adjust-ments to compensate for the slightly over-size binder cover dimensions.

Bright primary or “pure” colors shouldalways be selected for binder cover mate-rials. Avoid the use of pastels and “thin”colors. With a medium to dark value colorbackground, the typographic informationmay be printed in one color (white or black)as shown in the example below.

Consult the Corps Graphics Coordinatorfor advice and counsel where a more elab-orate solution is being considered.

Binder Covers — Standard 3-15

Alternate Binder Covers can be developedas long as the Guidelines for reproductionof the Corps Communication Mark arefollowed. Refer to page 3-15 for StandardBinder Cover Layouts.

Consult the Corps Graphics Coordinatorfor advice on developing alternate BinderCover Layouts.

Binder Covers — Alternate 3-16

NATURAL RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT

C G

Standard General Purpose Folders havebeen developed with simplicity and clear,immediate identification foremost in mind.These folders are filled with widely varyingkinds of information and distributed to agreat variety of audiences, both public andgovernmental. Use of the Corps Signa-tures as the major graphic elementassures instant recognition of the Head-quarters or Field Operations Activity con-cerned and ensures continuity throughoutthe Corps in distributing information usingthis method of packaging.

HQ is clearly differentiated from all theFOA by color and treatment of the signa-ture device. The HQ folder is printed inCommunication Red and all FOA foldersshow the appropriate Signature in Com-munication Red and White on a solidCommunication Gray background.

Cover dimensions for these folders are9" x 12" and the Corps signature is 1-1/16"height.

General Purpose Folders 3-17

Various Corps Field Operating Activities,as well as the Office of the Chief of Engi-neers, find it advantageous to publish peri-odically in a newspaper format. The feelingof immediacy and timeliness that newspapers produce is undoubtedly an aid tocommunication effectiveness where appro-priate. The Corps Graphics system hasbeen adapted to the newspaper formatas show below.The essence of this adapted format is a

simple grid system, Century Schoolbooktypography in the text and a flag that

reflects the standard treatment of Corpspublications.

Consult the Corps GraphicsCoordinator for advice and counsel if youplan to deviate radically from this format.

Newspaper Formats 3-18

Posters are the simplest and most directcommunication vehicle and one of themost difficult to design effectively. Theyrequire a very strong visual image and anextremely distilled, simple and, some-times, clever verbal message. The goal isan instantaneous, straightforward trans-mission of visual and verbal message.Posters fail often when they are burdenedwith too much complexity and too muchcontent, thereby asking too much of theviewer.

In the example shown below, the stan-dard vocabulary of Corps graphic ele-ments has been utilized with these princi-ples in mind. To impose a grid on posters

would severely limit its potential for powerand surprise, but the spirit of other stan-dard Corps publications is apparent in thehandling of typography and illustration,even though standard grids are not used.

Posters 3-19

Publication Grids 4

Grid

A – 8

1⁄2" x 1

1" Q

ua

lity Pu

blic

atio

ns

4-1

Full width of grid I 4 picas 6 pts.

1 column wide margin format

1 column wide margin format

2 column format

3 column format

4 column format

1 pica 6 points

9 points

59 points

2 picas 6 points

Folio line

14 picas

10 picas 3 points

14picas

10 picas 3 points

l1 I 21 picas 6 points

l1 I

I I

I l I I I I I I I I I I

: I I I I I I I I I I I

: I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I

l : I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I : I

44picas

11 29 picas

32 picas 9 points

l1 I 21 picas 6 points

l1 I 14picas 111 14 picas

10 picas 3 points l1 I 10 picas 3 points l1 I 10 picas 3 points

I ; I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I

I : I I I I I I I I

l I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I

I l I I

I I

I : I I I I

l I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I

Grid

B – 8

1⁄2" x 1

1" Te

ch

nic

al P

ub

lica

tion

s4

-2

Full width of grid 7 picas

1 column wide margin format

1 column wide margin format

2 column format

3 column format

4column format

1 pica 6 points

9 points

59 picas

2 picas 6 points

Folio line

13picas

9 picas 6 points

13 picas

9 picas 6 points

l1 I 20 picas

ld

I I I I I 1 I 1

I I l l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

i I I I

I ~ I I I I

l ! I : I I I I I I I I I I I I I i

I I I I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I

I I I I I I I ~ I I

: I

41 picas

11 27picas

30 picas 6 points

11

l1 I 13 picas ld 13 picas

9 picas 6 points 111 9 picas 6 points l1 I 9 picas 6 points

I I I I I I I I I I I 1

I I

I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

i i I I I I I I I I

: l I : I I I I I I I ~ I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I

I I

I : I I I I I I I I

Grid C–51⁄2" x 81⁄2" Brochures and Directories 4-3

Full width of grid

Wide margin format

2 column format

3 column format

1 pica 6 points

9 points

44 picas

3 picas

Folio line

4picas 27 picas

8 picas 4 points 17 picas 8 points

13 picas

8 picas 4 points 8 picas 4 points 8 picas 4 points

Grid D–41⁄4" x 53⁄8" Brochures and Directories 4-4

Full width of grid I 3 picas I Wide margin format

2 column format

1 pica 6 points

9 points

26 picas

2 picas

Folio line

6 picas l1 l 9 picas 6 points

20 picas

13 picas

9 picas 6 points

I i !

I ll I l i I i ! I i !

I ! !

This is the text

Grid E–4" x 9" Pamphlets and Map Guides 4-5

1 column format I 3 picas I 19 picas

Wide margin format 5 picas 8 points l1 I 12 picas 4 points

2 column format

1 pica 6 points

9 points

47 picas

3 picas

Folio line

9 picas

I I I I I I I I I I I J

I l I I I I I I

I l I I I I I I I I I 1

I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I

II I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I

9 picas

Business Graphics 5and Forms

The standard Corps business carddesign is shown below with layout andprinting specifications. The Corps will notprovide business cards for any of its per-sonnel. Individual Corps employees mayelect, for official purposes, to print busi-ness cards at their own expense, adher-ing to the design specifications below.

Business cards should be printedusing offset lithography. The ink colorsare Communication Red (Pantone red032) for Corps Castle and Communica-

tion Gray (Pantone 408) for all type. One-color business cards should be printed inCommunication Gray. Paper stock isbright white 100 Ib. Vellum Bristol, withmedium plate finish.

Business Cards 5-1

a) Full-size typographic layout guide for busi-ness card. Increments for typography are inpoints; layout dimensions are in inches.b) One-color business card using Communica-tion Gray for all elements.c) Two-color business card with Communica-tion Red mark and Communication Graytypography.Specifications:

A 7/16" positive version of the Corps’ signa-ture is used on business cards. District or Divi-sion identification is 9 on 9 point HelveticaRegular type, 12 points placed below andflush left with the Corps’ signature type.

The individual’s name is 9 point HelveticaRegular type aligned horizontally with “U.S.Army Corps” and placed flush left on the verti-cal center line. The title, or job description, is 7on 8 point Helvetica Regular type placed 9points below and flush left with the name. Theaddress and telephone numbers are 7 on 8point Helvetica Regular type, 13 points belowand flush left with the individual’s name andtitle. All elements should be styled and posi-tioned as shown in the illustrations to the right.

If the individual’s name exceeds the spacefrom the vertical center line to the 3/16"margin at the right, move the entire flush leftunit to the left of the vertical center line so thatthe last letter of the name abuts the 3/16"margin.

All nine-digit zip codes are on a separateline from the city and state. All five-digit zipcodes are on the same line with the city andstate. Telephone numbers should be set asshown.

In special situations, when a sense oftradition is important to the visual image ofbusiness cards, the Castle symbol can beused to replace the Communication Mark.

Consult with the Corps GraphicsCoordinator for advice and counsel whenusing the traditional Castle symbol onbusiness cards. Remember the Corps doesnot provide business cards to its personnel.

Business Cards — Castle Symbol Alternate 5-2

John Ooo USACE Visuallnlormalion Manager

(>02l ooo-oooo

U.S Atmy Corp$01 fnglnoors 20 MasS«huoous A'WJ. to."W Wasfw1glon D.C. 200.14·1000

The typographic masthead is to be usedfor all specific forms of administrative cor-respondence including News Releases,Public Notice, specifications, advisories,bulletins, regulations, procedures, person-nel, and employment opportunity notices.The typographic masthead shall contain

the appropriate Corps Signature, thestandard headline title of the specific itemand the uniform placement location for allpertinent information that is common to allitems of that specific form. This informationshall include subject dates of issue, whoissued by, and other pertinent identifiersfor reference.The specific content contained in the

pertinent information section locatedbelow the title will vary depending on thetype of form as shown.

Typographic Masthead Format 5-3

The illustrations below show extension ofthe typographic masthead format to threeadditional titles. Specific requirements forancillary or fill-in information in each titlehave been easily satisfied with minoradaptation of the format. The basic formatshould never be altered in any way. Con-sult the Corps Graphics Coordinator withspecific problems related to adaptation ofthe format.

Typography Masthead Format 5-4

The Corps uses a great many forms forthe collection, transmittal, synthesis, dis-semination and storage of information.A successful form design will produce aproduct with information clearly requestedand space logically alloted for expeditiouscompletion. When properly completed, theform will lessen the time needed for retrie-val of information.

Forms are tailor-made to perform veryspecific tasks and should always be evalu-ated in terms of the minimum amount ofinformation required to perform that task.These information requirements must be

interpreted and given graphic form. Theexample shown below utilizes the Corps

Communication Mark, Helvetica bold andregular typestyles.This example is intended as a general

guide to future implementation of Corpsforms. Contact the Forms ManagementOfficer for advice and counsel on formsproblems.

Electronic forms for publication areavailable from HQUSACE PublicationsControl Officer. For more informationcontact CEIM-IV.

Forms Design Guide 5-5

Signage 6

Sign Standards 6-1

Corps sign standards are contained within a separate set of comprehensive sign standards manuals (EP 310-1-6a and EP 310-1-6b). The manuals include design methodology and visual standards for identification, directional, informational, instructional, safety and interpretive signs. Also included are guidelines for sign legends, specifications for materials and fabrication, and information on the estab-lishment of a sign maintenance program. Contact the district or division sign program manager located within the Natural Resources Management element, Operations or the National Sign Program Manager at the Sign Mandatory Center of Expertise, St. Paul District, for advice and assistance on sign development and other sign related issues.

Vehicles 7

The Corps maintains and operates a widevariety of vehicles for use in its manyoperating activities. Many of these areobtained through GSA and have been pur-chased in large lots without concern forcolor, visability, or consistency.Though diverse in size, type, configur-

ation and color, it is intended that each ofthe vehicles in the fleet be informallyidentified as part of the Corps.The Corps Signature with the Communi-

cation Marik is the one common element tobe used as an identifier for all Corps vehi-cles. The signature is to be located on boththe right and left side front doors of groundvehicles. (For exact placement, refer to thefollowing pages in this section).Vehicles used by a single Field Operat-

ing Activity will use their respective signa-tures. When more than one activity will beusing a single vehicle, as in a motorpool,the Corps signature will be used.There are two signature sizes available

for use on Corps vehicles. Selection ofsize is dependent on the vehicles generalconfiguration and door size. The smallersize is intended for use on cars, vans, pick-ups and other lightweight trucks. Thelarger size is for use on large, heavy-dutytrucks and heavy equipment. Use thelarge signature when large identification isvisually more appropriate to the scale ofthe vehicle.

Bebw the signature, and common to allCorps vehicles identification, is the legendFor Official Use Only. This element con-forms to U.S. code and is included in allvehicle graphic packages and need not beordered or applied separately.The vehicle identification markings

are specified to be adhesive, die cut, pre-spaced units manufactured from vinylmaterial. They are intended to last the lifeof the vehicle if properly applied to a clean,dry surface. (Specific application direc-tions are included on each graphic). Iden-tification graphics may, however, beremoved without harm to vehicle finishusing special solvents if ownership or useof the vehicle is changed.The signature for the Corps and each

FOA is available in two sizes; size usedepends on the size and configuration ofthe vehicle on which it is to be placed.

Signatures are also manufactured inthree separate color configurations includ-ing: 1) Black signature typography withCommunication Mark shown in Communi-cation Red, 2) Black signature and 3) allWhite Signature.

It is recommended that all Corps generalpurpose vehicles be painted a solid white.

On white vehicles, the two-color signa-ture with black typography and a red Com-munication Mark is to be used.

On all non-white vehicles, there is to beplaced a black or white signature. Signa-ture color selected is dependent on colorvalue; the darkness or lightness of the back-ground on which it is placed. Use theadjacent density scale to determine if a

particular vehicle will use a black or whitesignature.

If the vehicle is lighter than the 40% graytone shown, the signature coior shall beblack. White signatures shall be placed onvehicles darker than 40% gray.

Special applications or uses not coveredin this guideline should be referred to thegraphics coordinator for assistance andreview.

Vehicle Introduction and Color Guide 7-1

Black Signature

10 percent gray

Black Signature

20 percent gray

Black Signature

30 percent gray

Black Signature

40 percent gray

White Signature

50 percent gray

White Signature

60 percent gray

White Signature

70 percent gray

White Signature

80 percent gray

White Signature

90 percent gray

White Signature

Black

The diagram below is to be used as aspecification guide for placement of theCorps Signature on right and left front sidedoors of all small Corps ground vehiclesincluding cars, vans and small trucks.

For selection of correct color of identi-fication markings, refer to the vehicle tonevalue scale and use description on page7-1 of this section.

Exact placement is contingent on vehi-cle door configuration and the location ofdoor handles and mirrors.

Contact the Corps Graphics Coordinatorfor additional advice and aid in establish-ing vehicle markings.

Placement Guide–Small Vehicles 7-2

The diagram below is to be used as aspecification guide for placement of theCorps signature on right and left front sidedoors of all large Corps ground vehiclesincluding trucks and heavy equipment.

For selection of correct color of identifi-cation markings, refer to the vehicle tonevalue scale and use description on page7-1 of this section.

Exact placement is contingent on vehi-cle door configuration and the location ofdoor handles and mirrors.

Contact the Corps Graphics Coordinatorfor additional advice and aid in establish-ing vehicle markings.

Placement Guide–Large Vehicles 7-3

All light-duty passenger cars, vans andgeneral purpose light-duty trucks shall beidentified with appropriate Corps or FieldOperations Activity signature along withthe required For Official Use Only legend.The two examples shown here illustratetypical applications of the markings.The top demonstration shows the rec-

ommended white Corps vehicle with two-color signature identification (black typeand red Communication Mark).The beige pick-up truck represents a

common GSA vehicle of unspecified color.The vehicle tone value is within a rangethat is less than 40 percent gray. On allvehicles with color equivalent to 40 per-

cent gray or lighter, the appropriate signa-ture for use is black as shown. Note thatthe castle and border outline within theCommunication Mark is shown in white,not the overall color of the vehicle.

Questions concerning appropriate sig-nature color or size should be referred tothe Corps Graphics Coordinator for assist-ance and review.

Small Vehicle Identification 7-4

The dark green truck, shown at top, isintended to exemplify all dark-color vehi-cles in the Corps fleet. On all vehicles thatare painted a color having a tone valuedarker than 40 percent gray, the appro-priate signature for use is white as shown.The survey vessel shown below is a typ-

ical example of special purpose vehiclemarking situations. Intended as a sche-matic example only, this diagram showsthe placement of the Communication Markin a predominant position on large specialpurpose vehicles. The signature identifica-tion for U.S. Army Corps of Engineersand/or appropriate FOA is positioned rela-tive to the unique configuration of the vehi-

cle and positioned for maximum readabilityand legibility.The rules governing color, graphic iden-

tification and safety markings of specialpurpose vehicles are necessarily differentfrom those for passenger and light-dutyground vehicles. Before applying color oridentification markings to types of vehiclesnot included in this ground vehicles sec-tion, consult the Corps Graphics Coordina-tor for advice and assistance.

Large Vehicle and Special Purpose Vehicles Identification 7-5

For a more reserved manner whenidentifying Corps vehicles use a clearplastic window decal. The decal consists ofwhite graphics reproduced on a clearplastic self-adhesive carrier. Locate thedecal on the inside rear window, on thepassengers side, 2" from the windowbottom and 2" from the right side of thewindow.

Rear Window Decal 7-6

Miscellaneous 8

The Corps and its various Field OperatingActivities regularly present special certifi-cates to Corps personnel and associatesof the Corps in recognition of the com-pletion of training programs or specialaccomplishments.The traditional castle symbol and the

Essayons crest are to be used in preparingthese certificates.

In the two examples shown, one isextremely formal and classical in style,and usesTimes Roman typography incombination with the Essayons crest. Thesecond example uses the traditionalcastle symbol with Century Schoolbooktypography and has a considerablymore contemporary look.

Either of these visual attitudes is appro-priate for use on certificates and awards,particularly in combination with the histor-ically traditional symbolism of the Corps.

Special Certificates 8-1

Uniform Patches 8-2

A standard uniform patch design has beendeveloped for all Corps Field OperatingActivities.

The major element in the patch design isthe Corps signature, to which may beadded a location/job description patch.

The recommended color treatment pre-scribes a red Corps Communication Markand all black typography shown against awhite background shape. Since the colorsof uniforms will vary from activity to activity,this color scheme may not be appropriatefor all applications. Refer to page 1-5 foralternate color solutions and consult theCorps Graphics Coordinator for adviceand assistance.

One of the Corps’ important functions is toassist and aid the public and other govern-ment agencies in bringing various disastersituations under control. At the actual siteof a major flood, tornado or other naturaldisaster, it is extremely important thatCorps personnel be immediately recogniz-able and easily found in crowded and oftenchaotic conditions.

A graphic system, using the standardCorps identification elements, has beendeveloped to identify Corps EmergencyOperation Personnel.The central element in this system is a

shield, shown below, incorporating theCorps Signature, Communication Mark and

the legend Emergency Operations, thedominant color of which is red, symbolicof emergency operations everywhere.

Page 8-4, which follows, outlines typicalapplications of the Emergency Operationsshield. For advice and assistance withadditional applications not shown in thismanual, contact the Corps GraphicsCoordinator.

Emergency Operations Identification 8-3

The jacket and armband, shown at top,have been designed to carry the CorpsEmergency Operations Identificationmarkings. The color of each is solid Com-munication Red and matches exactly thered color of the shield.The shield is to be applied to the back of

the field jacket as shown and, in addition,to the front of the jacket a Corps Communi-cation Mark is applied as a secondarymeans of identification.The armband is to be worn by Corps

personnel when a jacket is unavailable orinappropriate due to hot weather, etc.The diagram shown below illustrates the

shield applied to the door of a vehicle.Because of the nature of events that callCorps Emergency Operations units intoaction, various kinds of vehicles may haveto be used which have no relationshipto Corps colors or graphics. The shield,then, is designed to be applied to anyavailable vehicle door by the use of mag-netic mounting devices on the back of theshield plaque.

Emergency Operations Identification Standard Applications 8-4

The Hard Hat identification shall complywith CESO-0 memorandum dated 8 April1994 — Subject: Standard Color andMarking of Protective Headgear used byUSACE personnel. The Identificationconsists of a pressure sensitive labelapplique printed in standard Corps Com-munication Red and Black and a band ofred reflective material placed along thebase of the Hat crown with a five-inch breakin front. Personnel may place their nameabove the Communication Mark and theirorganization title below the mark. The rankof Military personnel should precede theirname. Local use of the sides of Hard Hatsfor safety decals is authorized.

Hard Hat 8-5

Name Tag graphics can be developed in anumber of variations. However, it is recom-mended always to align the individualsname flush left – either above or below theCorps Communication Mark.

Name Tags 8-6

Mary Sm t

John Doe

lr.Pffll ll.:.il

Mary Smith

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers pro-duces thousands of contract documentsevery year. Within each set are architec-tural drawings, engineering drawings,specifications, etc. Following are specificguidelines for insuring uniformity ofcertain features common to all drawingsproduced by the Corps. Every effort wasmade to present standards that will aidthe project manager, architect, engineer,or draftsman in production of goodquality and economical drawings.

Concept and final project drawings, aswell as drawings for standard anddefinitive designs, will be prepared onstandard 28" x 40" (70 x 100cm) sheets.Methods used for drawing, lettering,dimensioning, and cross-referencingshould be economical and assurelegibility when drawings are reduced tohalf-size in reproduction. Lettering stylesshould be standardized within a set ofdrawings regardless of the disciplineinvolved. Special application or uses notcovered in these guidelines or anyquestions concerning them should bereferred to the graphics coordinator forassistance and review.

Architectural/Engineering Contract Documents 8-7

Cover Sheet for Drawings 8-8

Cover Sheet for DrawingsThe function of the cover sheet is toprotect the contract documents and toclearly identify a specific project by itstitle and pertinent filing information. Thecover sheet will provide the projectname, location, preparing Architect/Engineer identification, project number,file identification number, and fiscalyear. Shown above is a standard coversheet size 28" x 40". This format maybe proportionately reduced to accom-modate other size drawings asnecessary.

Drawing Sheet for Achitectural/Engineering Contract Documents 8-9

Control Data BlockA control data block will be placedhorizontally inside the right hand marginof each drawing sheet. This will identifythe title of the project and other pertinentinformation that may be immediately andeasily retrieved, project location, drawingcode, designer/reviewer initials, etc. Eachcontrol data block will include a revision

block. The revision block will providespaces for revision entries, includingrevision symbols, descriptions, dates,and approving officers’ initials.Authentication BlockAuthentication blocks will be placed onthe index sheet to the left of the controldata block. Authentication blocks willprovide spaces for the signatures of

those responsible for the preparation,review, and approval of the drawings. Insome cases, approval may be requiredfor both technical and functionaladequacy. Space will also be provided toindicate the date next to the signature.Use of authentication blocks on otherdrawing sheets will be at the discretionof the preparing activity.

Sheet Centerline ArrowsLocate arrowheads for microfilmingalignment on horizontal and verticalcenters of overall sheet at each of foursides.Sheet GridThe sheet grid is used as an aid inreferencing locations on contractdocuments. Grid indicators will be 1⁄4"

helvetica regular, all caps, and willwork outward from the title block as in-dicated in the drawing above.

Grid indicatO< r ¥.."Cap. fii

Helvetica Regular

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Production Art 8-10

The Control Data Block and Authentica-tion Block shown here may be used asreproduction art. These are to be usedat the sizes shown. Contact the Corpsgraphics coordinator for additional sup-plies of reproduction art.

U.S. ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICTCORPS OF ENGINEERS

FT. WORTH, TEXAS

JOE SMITH ASSOCIATESARCHITECTS • ENGINEERS

DALLAS • HOUSTON

FT. WORTH, TEXASREADINESS

ADMINISTRATION FACILITYPN XXX FY 81

ELEVATIONS1⁄8" = 1'-0"

A-7F 610-50-01 10 122

Reproduction Art 9

Inside the foldout are various standardsizes of the Corps CommunicationMark/Signature in both positive (for use ona white or light color background) andnegative (for use on a black or dark colorbackground) treatments.These are to be used at the sizes shown

and are never to be altered in any way. Touse, simply clip the appropriate size signa-ture from the page and use if for reproduc-tion purposes as part of your finished art ormechanical.

Contact the Corps Graphics Coordinatorfor additional supplies of reproduction art.

Reproduction Art – The Communication Mark/Signature 9-1

9-2

US Army Corps of Engineers®

US Army Corps of Engineers®

US Army Corps of Engineers®

US Army Corps of Engineers®

US Army Corps of Engineers®

US Army Corps of Engineers®

US Army Corps of Engineers®

US Army Corps of Engineers®

US Army Corps of Engineers®

US Army Corps of Engineers®

US Army Corps of Engineers®

US Army Corps of Engineers®

r:1"rn ~

US Army Corps of Engineers®

US Army Corps of Engineers®

I

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US Army Corps of Engineers®

US Army Corps of Engineers®

Inside this fold-out are various standardsizes of the Corps CommunicationMark/Signature in both positive (for use ona white or light color background) andnegative (for use on a black or dark colorbackground) treatments.These are to be used at the sizes shown

and are never to be altered in any way. Touse, simply clip the appropriate size signa-ture from the page and use it for reproduc-tion purposes as part of your finished art ormechanical.

Contact the Corps Graphics Coordinatorfor additional supplies of reproduction art.

Reproduction Art – The Communication Mark/Signature 9-3

9-4

US Army Corps of Engineers® WaJ.erways Experiment Station

US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

m US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

I I I •I• I

US Army Corps of Engineers® Waterways Experiment Station

The Mark in this demonstration has beenplaced on a guideline grid. The exact pro-portions shown are to be followed exactlywhen manually reproducing the Mark atextremely large sizes. This would includereproduction for placement of the Mark onflags, signage, and large applications.

Use the grid method of reproductiononly when photo reproduction of providedartwork cannot be satisfactorily scaled tothe proper size.

Any proposed use of the Mark in largesizes should be reviewed with the CorpsGraphics Coordinator.

Large Scale Application Grid Drawing of Communication Mark 9-5

This artwork may be used when reproduc-ing the traditional Corps Castle Symbol.Reduction or enlargement of this art maybe necessary. If so, always photographfrom these originals.

Contact the Corps Graphics Coordinatorfor information and artwork from whichto reproduce the Essayons Crest in blackand white or in full color.

Reproduction Art – Traditional Castle Symbol 9-6

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These color swatches should be used forvisual matching to achieve the standardCommunication Red to be printed oncoated paper stock. These swatches shouldalso be used to achieve a visual matchin any medium other than printing inks.

Color Swatches – Communication Red (Coated Stock) 9-7

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These color swatches should be used forvisual matching to achieve the standardCommunication Red to be printed onuncoated paper stock.

Color Swatches – Communciation Red (Uncoated Stock) 9-8

These color swatches should be usedfor visual matching to achieve Com-munication Gray to be printed oncoated paper stock. These swatchesshould also be used to achieve a visualmatch in any medium other than print-ing inks.

Color Swatches – Communication Gray (Coated Stock) 9-9

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These color swatches should be usedfor visual matching to achieve Communi-cation Gray to be printed on uncoatedpaper stock.

Color Swatches – Communication Gray (Uncoated Stock) 9-10