eoc practice questions. goal 2 - goal 2.01 - compare and contrast structure and functions of organic...
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EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS
GOAL 2 -
Goal 2.01 - Compare and contrast structure and functions of organic
molecules
1. What are the characteristics of living things?
• Made of cells, Have DNA, Grow and develop, Respond to stimuli, Evolve, Reproduce, Maintain homeostasis, Obtain energy
2. 2 main elements that make up an organic molecule?
• Carbon and Hydrogen
3. Name the 4 organic compounds
• Carbohydrates, • Lipids,• Proteins,• Nucleic Acids
4. Monomer of nucleic acids
• Nucleotide
5. Monomer of lipids
• Glycerol and Three Fatty Acids
6. Monomer of carbohydrates
• Monosaccharide
7. Monomer of proteins
• Amino Acids hooked together with Peptide bonds
8. 3 parts of a nucleotide
• 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
9. Building blocks of organisms, enzymes, last energy source, insulin
• Protein
10. Long-term energy storage, protective coatings, hormones, component of cell membrane
• Lipids
11. Quick energy, structure of cell walls, fiber in diet
• Carbohydrates
12. Genetic material that codes for the production of protein
• Nucleic Acids
13. Plants store glucose in the polysaccharide
• Starch
14. Animals store glucose in the polysaccharide
• Glycogen
15. Plant cell walls are made of _____ and Fungi cell walls are made of ____.• Cellulose • Chitin
16. Amino acids are held together by:
• Peptide Bonds
17. Complimentary base pairs in DNA are held together by :
• Weak Hydrogen Bonds
18. The suffix –ase indicates a ______ and –ose indicates a ________.
• Enzyme - Lactase• Sugar - Lactose
19. 1:2:1 ratio is a____.
• Carbohydrate – ex. Glucose C6H12O6
20. Another name for a protein is a
• Polypeptide
21. Weak acid or base that absorbs changes in pH
• Buffer
22. PH of 0-6.9 ______, pH of 7.0 is_____, pH of 7.1 to14 is_____.
• Acidic• Neutral• Basic
Goal 2.02 - Investigate and describe the structure and
function of cells.
23. Cell type with a nucleoid region, ribosomes, cell wall, cytoplasm and a
plasmid • Prokaryote
24. Cell with membrane bound organelles including the nucleus
• Eukaryote
25. Prokaryote Kingdoms
• Archaebacteria• Eubacteria • (collectively known as Monera)
26. Eukaryote kingdoms
• Protista, • Fungi, • Plantae, • Animalia
27. 2 organic compounds that make up viruses
• Protein capsid • Nucleic Acids
28. Is a virus cellular?
• No, it must have a host to reproduce
29. Provides structure in bacteria, fungi, and plants
• Cell wall
30. Maintains homeostasis in a cell by allowing transport through it
• Cell Membrane
31. Aid in animal cell division
• Centrioles
32. Hair-like structures that work as oars for movement
• Cilia
33. Whips for movement
• Flagella
34. Make proteins (including enzymes)
• Ribosomes
35. Watery gel where metabolism occurs
• Cytoplasm
36. Makes energy for eukaryotic cells
• Mitochondria
37. Cell part that turns inorganic compounds into organic compounds
in plants (photosynthesis) • Chloroplasts
38. Stores water, food, and waste
• Vacuole
39. 3 organelles plant cells have that animals do not
• Chloroplast, • Cell Wall, • Large Central Vacuole
40. What two organic compounds make up the cells membrane ?
• Lipids• Proteins
41. Which molecule allows for communication between cells?
• Proteins
42. Cell that has the protein hemoglobin to carry oxygen ?
• Red Blood Cell
43. Cell that fights infection ?
• White Blood Cell
44. Cell that clots blood ?
• Platelet
45. Cell that conducts electrical impulses ?
• Neuron
Goal 2.03 - Investigate and analyze the cell as a living system
and transport
46. For transport to occur there must be a ____?
• Concentration Gradient (difference in concentration)
47. Transport in a cell occurs across the _____?
• Cell Membrane (Plasma)
48. This is a picture of the ___?
• Cell or Plasma Membrane
49. Transport will continue until __________ is reached
• Equilibrium
50. Transport that does not require energy, moving from a high to low
gradient• Passive Transport
51. Transport that requires energy moving from low to high
• Active Transport
52. Draw arrows to show which way the water will move. Label hypertonic,
hypotonic and isotonic.•
• Iso hypo hyper
2020
20
20
20
10
40
53. A red blood cell in salt water will
• Lose mass and shrink
54. A red blood cell in fresh water will
• Gain mass and pop
55. The part of a plant cell that prevents it popping in a
hypotonic solution is the _____.• Cell Wall
56. The plant cell has high turgor pressure (osmotic pressure) when it is placed in ______ which ____.
• Water• makes the vacuole full and pushes the cell
membrane tight to the cell wall
57. Low turgor pressure causes a plant to _____ causing _______.
• wilt • the vacuole to shrink and the cell membrane
pulls away from the cell wall.
58. The three types of passive transport are
• diffusion, • osmosis, • facilitated diffusion
59. Active transport into the cell is _____ and out of the cell is _____.
• endocytosis – (pinocytosis and phagocytosis)
• exocytosis
60. Pumping sodium and potassium ions across the membrane against the
concentration gradient is an example of
• active transport
61. Movement of oxygen out of water and into the gills of fish or out of the
alveoli and into the capillaries of a mammal are examples of ___.
• diffusion
62. Movement of water with the concentration gradient is
called______.
• osmosis
63. Show which way the water will move.
• Left to right • causing an increase in water on the right and
a decrease of the water on the left.
64. Use the table to mark the hypo, iso, or hypertonic
Infer where the isotonic solution would be on the graph. 25%
Solution Type Change in mass of potato
Iso, Hypo, Hyper
Distilled Water +10.2 ?
10% Molasses +6.3 ?
20% Molasses +2.1 ?
30% Molasses -1.9 ?
40% Molasses -6.0 ?
50% Molasses -9.4 ?
Goal 2.04 - Investigate and describe the structure and function of enzymes
and explain their importance in biological systems.
65. Organic catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being
changed • Enzyme
66. Part of the enzyme that is highly specific is the _______________.
• Active Site, (Lock and Key Model)
67. Enzymes are _____ which are made in the ______.
• Proteins• Ribosome
68. What temperature does enzyme A work best at? Enzyme B?
• A - 47ºC • B – 78ºC)
69. What pH does enzyme 3 work best at?
• 3 works best at 10 (basic), • 2 at 6 (acidic), • 1 at 3 (very acidic) • 1 & 2 best at4.5 • 2 & 3 at 7.5
70. Factors that impact enzyme functioning are
• pH, • temperature, • concentration of enzyme, • Amount of substrate present
71. In the wrong environment an enzymes’ active site changes or
_____ causing it to no longer work.
• Denatures because the bond weakens
Goal 2.05 - Investigate and analyze bioenergetic reactions.
72. All energy on Earth originates from
• Sun
73. Organisms that can convert radiant energy to chemical energy are called• Autotrophs or Producers.
74. The process in which two inorganic compounds are converted into
organic compounds is called• Photosynthesis
75. Plants diffuse ________ in through their stomata and _________ in
through their roots.• CO2 (carbon dioxide)• H2O (water)
76. In the _____(organelle) these raw materials are converted into
_______ an organic compound and ______ that diffuses out through the
stomata of the leaf.• Chloroplast• C6H12O6 (glucose)• O2 (oxygen)
77. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is
• 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
77. The ______ reaction requires the ______ in the thylakoids to absorb energy from the sun to split water forming _______.
• light dependent• Pigment• O2 (oxygen)
78. The major pigment in photosynthesis is
• chlorophyll
79. The _____ converts the carbon dioxide into the chemical energy molecule
• Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction)• C6H12O6
80. Draw a graph of increasing light intensity verses photosynthetic rates.
81. The most effective colors of light in photosynthesis are
• white which has the important colors red and blue in it.
82. The least effective color is
• green
83. All organisms make energy by
• cellular respiration
84. The chemical equation for cellular respiration is
• C6H12O6 + O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATP
85. Which test tube are the bubbles due to carbon dioxide?
• B
86. Which test tube are the bubbles due to oxygen? C
• C
87. Which test tube would serve as a control (standard of comparison)?
• A
88. Respiration in the presence of oxygen is called _______ which
produces _____ ATP.
• aerobic respiration• 36-38
89. Respiration that occurs without oxygen is called ______ and only produces ____
ATP. This process is also called _________.
• anaerobic respiration• 2• Fermentation
90. Fermentation that occurs in yeasts making bread and alcohol is called
• alcoholic fermentation.
91. Fermentations that occurs in muscle cells and makes cheese and yogurt is
• lactic acid fermentation.