DO NOW! (be ready to DO NOW! (be ready to discuss)discuss)

1.You will find a cracker on your desk.

1.Put the cracker on your tongue for 5 minutes (NO CHEWING).

1.Record your observations in your journal.

What happened?What happened?

• Carbon ring• C6H12O 6

Chemical Tests?Benedict’s reagent is used to test for simple sugar

like glucose and fructose (mono-saccharides). When heated, Benedict’s reagent changes color from light blue to red/orange if a simple sugar is present.

+ -- +

Iodine solution is used to test for the presence of polysaccharides (starch). If starch is present, a color change from amber to purple/black occurs.

Starch No starch

Enzymes Enzymes (what was in your spit!)(what was in your spit!)Enzymes are proteins. Think back to the 4 types of macromolecules!

Who remembers the monomer and polymer for proteins?

What do proteins do?

Naming enzymes ALL enzymes end in –ase!

Examples: peptidase, amylase (the one in your spit), sucrase…

Proteins Proteins (function: structure of all living things)(function: structure of all living things)

Amino Acid(monomer for proteins)

Monomer

ProteinsProteins

Protein(polymer for proteins)

—many amino acids connected to each other—“amino acid chain”

Ex. Enzyme (catalyzes reactions)

Polymer

Monomer

Biological Role of Biological Role of EnzymesEnzymes

“What do enzymes “What do enzymes do?”do?” Enzymes catalyze reactions in your

body. Example: Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Enzyme VocabEnzyme Vocab

Enzyme VocabEnzyme Vocab

Enzyme—protein that catalyzes reactions.

Substrate—reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

Active Site— the part of an enzyme where the substrate binds and where the chemical reaction occurs.

Enzyme ReactionsEnzyme Reactions

Enzyme ReactionsEnzyme Reactions

What happens when this 3D structure is disrupted?

Coming soon…

Pop Quiz! Pop Quiz! ((LOOKLOOK at your notes!). at your notes!).

Nuclease is a special enzyme that cuts DNA strands. You add nuclease to a beaker of DNA and observe what happens.

1.Which of the 4 types of macromolecules are DNA? Is that a monomer or a polymer?

2.Substrates bind to enzymes at a special place called the __________ site.

3.In this case, the enzyme is ________ and the substrate is __________.

4.What do you think will happen to the DNA when add the nuclease?

5.What are the products of this reaction? (Hint: think DNA monomer and polymer!)

SpecificitySpecificity

Enzymes are specific for the substrate they are designed for.

Why couldn’t an enzyme work with different substrates?

Non-consumption/Non-consumption/ReusabilityReusability

Reactions do not consume enzymes.

Enzymes are reusable.

Protein Denaturation Protein Denaturation (Denature)(Denature)

An enzyme can unfold and lose its special 3D shape.

It cannot function if it is denatured.

Can anyone remember the example we used yesterday?

Reaction RateReaction Rate

The rate or speed at which a reaction occurs.

How do you think enzymes affect this number?

Reaction TimeReaction Time

The time it takes for a reaction to occur.

How do you think enzymes affect this number?

Activation EnergyActivation Energy

Every reaction has an activation energy.

It is the amount of energy it takes for a reaction to start.

How do you think enzymes affect this number?