enzyme reactions
DESCRIPTION
Enzyme Reactions. Enzyme Characteristics. Most often are proteins Biological catalysts – speeds up chemical reactions Reusable – Used in multiple reactions Summer t-shirt Specific – One type of enzyme for one type of reaction. Enzyme substrate reactions. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Enzyme Reactions
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Enzyme Characteristics
• Most often are proteins
• Biological catalysts – speeds up chemical reactions
• Reusable – Used in multiple reactions• Summer t-shirt
• Specific – One type of enzyme for one type of reaction
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Enzyme substrate reactionsSubstrate: Substance that the enzyme is working on
Active Site: Location where enzyme attaches to the substrate
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Enzyme Example: Salivase
• Found in saliva
• Begins the digestive process of carbohydrates in the mouth
• Makes it easier for carbohydrates to be digested– Process would NOT start and
probably would not finish if salivase was absent = Too much energy would be needed!!!
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How Enzymes Work
Reaction
Energy
Plot of the Story: You need a lot of energy to begin a chemical reaction
Activation Energy
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How Enzymes Work
Reaction
Energy
Enzymes reduce the amount of activation energy needed to start a reaction
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How Enzymes Work
Reaction
Energy
Less energy is used to conduct the reaction so more reactions may occur thanks to an enzyme
Our Hero!
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Another Enzyme Example
• The Dilemma: How do we move these cinder blocks from my room to Mr. Hobb’s room?
• Possible Solutions???
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Enzyme Example: Take 2
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Typical Ways Enzymes WorkEnzymes may
hold two molecules together in a specific way so that they can react
Example: Dehydration synthesis
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Typical Ways Enzymes Work
Enzymes may twist molecules
into more reactive forms
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Typical Ways Enzymes Work
Enzymes can break apart macromolecules into monomers
Ex. Hydrolysis
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Factors that limit enzyme-substrate reactions
• Amount of Substrate– When all substrate is used up, the reaction stops
• Temperature– Most enzymes in our body function best at 37C– Hotter temperatures may destroy the enzymes
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Another Enzyme Example: The Pancreas
• Function: Secrete enzymes to break down macromolecules during digestion
• Importance: Without these enzymes we would not be able to break down food sufficiently to monomeric units
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Pancreatic Enzymes: 4 Types
• Proteasis – Proteins
• Lipases – Lipids
• Carbohydrases – Carbohydrates
• Nucleasis – Nucleic Acids
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Jell-O• Jell-O contains a
protein called GELATIN which causes Jell-O to gel
Without Gelatin, Jell-O would fail to gel and you would have liquid Jell-O
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Jell-O Continued
• Certain Fruits contain enzymes known as proteases that destroy gelatin
ProteaseLiquid Jell-O
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Jell-O Continued
• Certain dish and laundry soaps have incorporated these fruit derived enzymes in efforts to remove stains from dishes and clothing
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Jell-O
• In today’s lab we are going to investigate which fruits contain these enzymes
• You will be working by yourself on this one• You will need to include the following sections in
your report– Introduction– Methods– Results: A table indicating whether or not a fruit
contains enzymes– Conclusion
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The Fruits of Interest
• Apple
• Banana
• Pineapple
• Kiwi
• Orange
• Lime