envirotemp® fr3® fluid cold temperature performance january 21, 2008
TRANSCRIPT
Envirotemp® FR3® Fluid Cold Temperature Performance
January 21, 2008
2
FR3 Fluid Benefits
Environmental– Rapidly & Completely Biodegradable– Renewable Resource
Fire Safety– Easy Safety Code Compliance
• Indoors & Near Buildings
Enhanced Insulation Performance– Extends Paper Thermal Life – Asset Life Extension or Increased Loading Possible
FR3 Fluid = Innovative Transformer TechnologyFR3 Fluid = Innovative Transformer Technology
3
FR3 Fluid Cold Performance
Higher Viscosity & Pour Point May Affect Handling & Storage Procedures– Heating Required for Pump Rates Similar to Mineral Oil
Water Saturation Very Unlikely– Significant Risk of Free Water in Cold Mineral Oil
Maintains Dielectric Strength at Low Temperatures
Reliable Cold Dielectric PerformanceReliable Cold Dielectric Performance
4
Cold Performance - Distribution
Transformer Cold Start– Passed Sudden 100% Load Tests at – 30 C (- 22 F)– No Load Losses Sufficient to Warm Fluid
Distribution Transformer Components – Sectionalizing LB Switches – Full Ratings to -20 C– Bayonet & ELSP – Full Ratings to – 20 C– NL Tap Changer Operation to -20 C– VFI Operation to -10C– Magnex Operation to 0 C
CPS Voltage Regulators– Automatic Motor Operation Lock-Out at -10 C– No Load Losses Sufficient to Warm Fluid
No Cold Temperature Field Problems ReportedNo Cold Temperature Field Problems Reported
5
Cold Performance Power Transformers
LTC
– Thermal Lock-Out at -10 C Recommended– Synthetic Ester Alternative (- 60 C Pour Point)
Forced Oil Cooling Pumps– Case-by-Case Approval, but typically OK– Overcurrent Protection Adjustments for Cold Start– Special Shutdown & Start-Up Procedures to Keep Oil in Radiators Warm
Radiators – Tests Confirm Self Clearing During Cold Start
Case-By-Case Evaluation – Typically PositiveCase-By-Case Evaluation – Typically Positive
6
Climatic Data
7
Climatic Data
Taken from NOAA data filesTypical parameters are:
– Annual record extreme minimum– Annual mean extreme minimum
8
Annual Record Extreme Minimum
9
Annual Mean Extreme Minimum
10
Climatic Data By City
Lowest Daily Temp (Record Extreme) and Lowest Daily Ave Temp (24-hour period).
Number of occurrences at 1 and 3 day periods
Relate to FR3 fluid properties at time and temperature
Related to FR3 Fluid in a Transformer
11
Typical Climatic Data
Historical Data: Chicago O’Hare 111549
From 1980-2001
Lowest Daily Temperature: -27FLowest Daily Temperature: -27F
Lowest Daily Average Temperature: -18FLowest Daily Average Temperature: -18F
14X 12X
1.1X 0.8X
0.2X 0.0X
14X 12X
1.1X 0.8X
0.2X 0.0X
Average Occurrences/year Average Occurrences/year for for 1-day and 3-day1-day and 3-day
FR3 fluid properties for a FR3 fluid properties for a given temperature and timegiven temperature and time
12
Map of Climatic Data
Click on city name for additional details
Annual Mean Extreme Minimum Temperature
Albert Lea, MN
Lansing, MI
Fargo, ND
International Falls, MN
Minneapolis, MNPierre,
SD
Dubuque, IACedar Rapids,
IA
Fon Du Lac, WI
Milwaukee, WI Chicago, IL
Rockford, IL
Bangor, ME
Hightstown, NJ
Philadelphia, PA
Roanoke, VA
Boise, ID
Lincoln, NE
Olympia, WA
Salem, OR
Cheyenne, WY
Denver, CO
Billings, MT
Ft. Wayne, IN
Columbus, OH
Helena, MT
Salt Lake City, UT
Albany, NY
New York, NY
14
Climatic Data
Conclusion: Periods of extended cold are less often and less extreme than intuitive
For example, Chicago:– Number of occurrences of –20C (-4F) are
only:• 1-day: Once/year• 3-day: Once every 2 years
– Number of occurrences of –25C (-13F):• 1-day: Only once every 10 years
Return to Map