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THE EMIRATES GROUP

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2014-15

27 January 2016

REPORTING GUIDELINES AND METHODOLOGY

The 2014-15 Emirates Group Environmental Report was prepared with reference to many of the methods within the Global Reporting Initiative – G4 Reporting Guidelines. The following GRI-G4 reporting principles were applied: stakeholder inclusiveness, sustainability context, materiality, and completeness. However, as this report focuses on environmental issues, it does not contain or reference the Standard Disclosures required by the Guidelines for a report prepared ‘in accordance’ with GRI G4.

References to Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions within this report are based on definitions from the Greenhouse Gas Protocol – revised edition (2012).

Methodology and CalculationsThis document outlines the process for the collation and analysis of data in the Group’s 2014-15 Environmental Report, including the basis of the underlying assumptions and the methodology applied to the calculations undertaken during the preparation of the report. The methodology for the calculation of selected flight operations metrics was taken into account by PwC in their assurance procedures (see PwC assurance report on pages 54-55 of the Emirates Group Environmental Report 2014-15).

Flight Operations Metrics – Emirates AirlineEmirates’ Flight Operations team calculated the following environmental performance metrics for the 2014-15 Environmental Report. All metrics were calculated for the reporting period 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2015 (the Emirates Group’s 2014-15 financial year).

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Indicator Unit Remarks Passengerflights Emiratescargoflights Wet-leasecargoflightsFuel Total fuel consumption tonnes Passenger fuel efficiency litres per 100 passenger-kilometres (L / 100PK)

Emirates SkyCargo fuel efficiency litres per freight tonne-kilometre (L / FTK) Combined fuel efficiency litres per tonne-kilometre (L / TK) Operational Fuel Efficiency Factor (OFEF) tonne-kilometres per litre (TK / L) Where T = Zero Fuel Weight (in tonnes) and K = Great Circle Distance (in km). The higher the number, the better the efficiency.Carbon dioxide (CO2) Total carbon dioxide (CO2) tonnes Passenger CO2 efficiency grams of CO2 per passenger-kilometre (g CO2/ PK).

SkyCargo CO2 efficiency grams of CO2 per freight tonne-kilometre (g CO2 / FTK) Combined CO2 efficiency kilograms of CO2 per tonne-kilometre (kg CO2 / TK) Local air quality (LAQ) Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) tonnes (< 3,000 feet) Using the ICAO Landing and Carbon monoxide (CO) Unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC) Aircraft compliant with ICAO Annex 16 percent of total number of aircraft ICAO Annex 16 Vol. II Standards.

Vol II emissions Standards Compliance margins relative to percent below regulatory limits ICAO Annex 16 Vol. II Standards.

regulatory limits (NOx, CO and UHCs)Noise Aircraft compliant with ICAO Annex 16 percent of total number of aircraft ICAO Annex 16 Vol. I Vol I Chapter 4 noise Standards Chapter 4 Standards Compliance margins relative to effective perceived noise in decibels (EPNdB) ICAO Annex 16 Vol. I

regulatory limits Chapter 4 Standards.

ThEEmIRaTEsGRoUPEnvIRonmEnTalREPoRT2014-15REPORTING GUIDELINES AND METHODOLOGY

Take-off (LTO) cycle.

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Total Fuel Consumption (for all Emirates aircraft) Total fuel consumption for all Emirates flights that occurred between 1 April 2014 and 31 March 2015 is calculated using the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) “Method B” formula, in order to capture fuel consumption in flight as well as fuel consumption by the aircraft’s auxiliary power unit (APU) on the ground. Emirates flights are defined as all flights flown by aircraft with the Emirates ICAO call sign (scheduled andunscheduled services, passenger and cargo operations).

The EU ETS “Method B” formula used by Emirates to calculate fuel consumption per flight isas follows:

FUEL_CONSi = REMi-1 + FuelUplifti - REMi

Where:FUEL_CONSi = Total Fuel Consumption on sector i, in tonnes

REMi-1 = Remaining Fuel on previous sector performed by the same aircraft, in tonnes

FuelUplifti = Total Fuel Uplift on sector i, in tonnes

REMi = Remaining Fuel on sector i, in tonnes

Data gaps and erroneous data in the fuel consumption data are handled using substitution data as close to actual values as possible. The detailed methodology is confidential andoutlined only in Emirates’ EU ETS Monitoring Plan.

The average fuel specific gravity used to convert the total fuel mass into total fuel volume is 0.785 kg per litre. This figure represents the average value across Emirates’ network,according to all fuel supplier data entered into Emirates’ fuel uplift database.

Total Carbon Dioxide (for all Emirates aircraft)Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from aviation jet fuel in kg are calculated by multiplying the total fuel consumption (kg) by 3.15 (industry standard).

TotalnumberofPassengersandPassengerWeightPassenger numbers are obtained from the Emirates check-in system, which is controlled by a specialist IT platform. This information is fed into the Emirates Flight Operations database, for flights that actually occurred. All male, female and child passengers as well as non-revenue passengers are included in the total passenger count. Infants and crew on duty are excluded from this count.

Emirates uses the standard mass assigned to each type of passenger (male, female, child, infant) and approved by the UAE General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA). Although infants are excluded from the passenger count, they are included in the total passenger weight.

PayloadThe total mass of passengers, baggage, excess checked baggage, cargo and courier load is defined as the flight ‘payload’ (in tonnes).

Payload is based on actual payload data from passenger check-in and SkyCargo operational procedures. Cargo carried by dedicated freighter aircraft is controlled by SkyCargo’s cargo processing database. In the case of missing data points, calculations and estimates are used to fill any data gaps.

DistanceIn all the Flight Operations metrics, except Operational Fuel Efficiency Factor (OFEF), the distance is defined using the planned Equivalent Still Air Distance (ESAD). ESAD is the planned air distance expected to be flown by the aircraft during the flight, taking into account the planned actual ground distance (from the Emirates flight planning system), plus the effects of expected tail winds or head winds during the flight. It is extracted from the flight plan in nautical miles then converted into kilometres using a factor of 1.852.

However, Emirates does not have access to the flight planning information to obtain ESADs performed by wet-leased cargo aircraft, as these flights are operated by third parties under Emirates flight codes and Emirates ICAO call signs. Great Circle Distance (GCD) is therefore used to estimate flying distances for the calculation of wet-leased aircraft tonne-kilometres.In the OFEF, the distance used is GCD.

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Tonne-Kilometres(TK)Tonne-kilometres (TK) for a given flight are defined as the payload of the aircraft in tonnes multiplied by the distance flown by an aircraft in kilometres (either Equivalent Still Air Distance or Great Circle Distance; refer to the paragraph on Distance for details).

operationalFuelEfficiencyFactor(oFEF)(inTKperl)The OFEF is a fuel efficiency indicator based on operational weight, instead of revenue weight. It is calculated as follows:

(Zero Fuel Weight x Great Circle Distance)/Block Fuel

Where:• Zero Fuel Weight (ZFW) in tonnes = total weight of the aircraft (including the aircraft, the

crew members, the passengers and the cargo) without the fuel

• Great Circle Distance (GCD) in km = shortest distance between the published Aerodrome Reference Points (ARP) of the origin and destination airports

• Block Fuel (BF) in litres = fuel burnt during the flight, from gate to gate.

FuelEfficiency(EmiratesPassengerFlights)(inlper100PK)The total fuel efficiency for Emirates passenger flights is calculated by using the weighted average of the litres of fuel consumed by each aircraft per 100 passenger-kilometres flown.

The fuel quantity used in the calculation of this metric does not include the amount of fuel consumed to carry cargo and baggage components. Emirates’ Flight Operations team has developed a methodology to accurately estimate the proportion of fuel used to carry baggage and cargo, which is then subtracted from the overall block fuel (refer to paragraph on Total Fuel Consumption).

FuelEfficiency(EmiratesskyCargoFlights)(inlperFTK)The average fuel efficiency for all Emirates SkyCargo freighter flights is calculated by using a weighted average of the litres of fuel consumed by each aircraft per tonne-kilometre.

This metric does not include freight carried in the cargo holds of passenger aircraft.

Emirates’CombinedFleetFuelEfficiency(inlperTK)The overall fuel efficiency for all flights performed by the entire Emirates fleet is calculated by using a weighted average of the litres of fuel consumed by each aircraft per tonne-kilometre.

CarbonDioxideEfficiencyforEmiratesPassengerFlights(WithoutCargoandBaggageContribution)-GramsofCo2perPassenger-Kilometre(gCo2perPK)Litres per 100 passenger-kilometres x (0.785 x 3.15 x 1000) / 100

CarbonDioxideEfficiencyofEmiratesskyCargo(Freighter)Flights-GramsofCo2 per FreightTonne-Kilometre(gCo2perFTK)Total grams of CO2 for all freighter flights / Total distance of all freighter flights x Total payload of all freighter flights.

Emirates’CombinedFleetCarbonDioxideEfficiencyTotal kg of CO2 / Total distance of all flights x Total payload of all flights.

landingandTake-off(lTo)CycleEmissionsforEmiratesaircraftThe data reported for LTO emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHCs) are based on the sum of total flights for each aircraft type multiplied by the number of that engine type on that aircraft type, multiplied by the manufacturer’s published emissions data for that engine type. The LTO cycle is defined by the industry as all operations below 3,000 feet altitude, therefore the figures for these emissions are reported in tonnes (below 3,000 feet), rather than tonnes (total).

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Gaseous Emissions of Emirates Aircraft – Compliance Margins Relative to Regulatory Limits (ICAO Annex 16 Volume II Standards)Emissions margins against ICAO Annex 16 Volume II regulatory limits for oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHCs) by Emirates aircraft and engine type are provided directly from the ICAO engine emissions databank. These results are presented by weighted fleet average for the reporting period, for all Emirates passenger and cargo aircraft, excluding wet-leased cargo aircraft.

Gaseous Emissions of Emirates Aircraft – Percentage of Aircraft Compliant with Regulatory Limits (ICAO Annex 16 Volume II Standards)The number of aircraft compliant with ICAO Annex 16 Volume II regulatory limits is given as a percentage of the whole fleet (excluding wet-leased aircraft).

Noise Levels of Emirates Aircraft – Compliance Margins Relative to Regulatory Limits (ICAO Annex 16 Volume I Chapter 4 Standards)The cumulative margins of Lateral, Fly-over and Approach noise levels of Emirates aircraft are compared against ICAO noise level Standards (ICAO Annex 16 Volume I Chapter 4). These results are presented by weighted fleet average for the reporting period for all Emirates passenger and cargo aircraft, excluding wet-leased cargo aircraft.

Noise Levels of Emirates Aircraft – Compliance Margins Relative to Regulatory Limits (ICAO Annex 16 Volume I Chapter 4 Standards)The cumulative margins of Lateral, Fly-over and Approach noise levels of Emirates aircraft are compared against ICAO noise level Standards (ICAO Annex 16 Volume I Chapter 4). These results are presented by weighted fleet average for the reporting period for all Emirates passenger and cargo aircraft, excluding wet-leased cargo aircraft.

Noise Levels of Emirates Aircraft – Percentage of Aircraft Compliant with Regulatory Limits (ICAO Annex 16 Volume I Chapter 4 Standards)The number of aircraft compliant with ICAO Annex 16 Volume I Chapter 4 regulatory limits is given as a percentage of the whole fleet (excluding wet-leased aircraft).

Fuel Jettison EventsWhen an aircraft is forced to make an unscheduled landing, a certain amount of fuel may need to be jettisoned from the aircraft in order to bring its payload down to its certified structural maximum landing weight. Annual jettison event data for the 2014-15 Emirates Group Environmental Report was extracted from the Group Safety database and the Flight Operations fuel data collection and summed by number of events and total tonnes of fuel jettisoned. Fuel jettison information excludes wet-lease operators.

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Ground Operations Metrics – Emirates and dnata (Dubai), Alpha Flight Group Ltd, Five of thelargestoutstations,andEmiratesairportlounges(ex-Dubai)The scope of the ground operations section of the 2014-15 Emirates Group Environmental Report addressed the major environmental impacts associated with the following ground operations activities of the Group:

• All dnata operations in Dubai (aircraft ground-handling, cargo and travel services).• All Emirates and dnata commercial buildings in Dubai, including offices, training

colleges, flight catering, laundry services, warehouses, IT and engineering services, and the Emirates Aviation University.

• All Emirates Group staff accommodation buildings in Dubai (apartment buildings and houses).

• All Emirates and dnata ground vehicle fleets in Dubai, including diesel powered equipment.

• Arabian Adventures and Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve (DDCR).• Five of the Emirates Group’s largest ‘outstations’ (offices and activities outside of the

UAE, including the Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa – now Emirates One&Only Wolgan Valley), by staff number.

• Twenty-nine Emirates airport lounges outside of the UAE. Airport lounges in the UAE are addressed under commercial buildings in Dubai.

• Alpha Flight Group Ltd facilities.

Environmental impacts associated with the following activities of the Emirates Group werenot included in the ground operations section of the report:

• Emirates Leisure Retail (ELR) and Emirates consumer goods businesses in the UAE and other countries.

• Partly-owned Emirates companies in the UAE and other countries. • Remaining outstations, the airline’s offices and activities outside of the UAE, and

all hotel properties except Emirates Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa (now Emirates One&Only Wolgan Valley).

• Partly and wholly-owned dnata ground handling, cargo and travel services outside of Dubai.

• Partly-owned dnata freight-forwarding and security companies in the UAE.• SkyCargo trucking services (except for the SkyCargo road feeder service between Dubai

International Airport and Dubai World Central, which is included in the report), vehicle fleets operated in smaller outstations and those operated by subsidiary companies of Emirates and dnata (in the UAE and overseas).

Ground Operations MetricsThe following environmental performance metrics were calculated for the 2014-15 Environmental Report, based on the scope above:

• Total electricity consumption in megawatt hours (MWh).• Total tonnes of CO2 emissions due to electricity consumption.• Electricity consumption per head of staff (in kWh per head per day).1

• Total water consumption in megalitres (ML).• Total tonnes of CO2 emissions due to energy consumption from the desalination process.• Water consumption per head of staff (in litres per head per day).1

• Total waste disposed to landfill in tonnes.• Total tonnes of CO2 emissions due to waste disposal to landfill and incineration.• Total tonnes of CO2 emissions due to landfill and waste incineration.• Total waste generated in tonnes (landfilled waste plus incinerated waste).• Total waste generation per head of staff (in kilograms per head per day).1

• Total of all recycled materials in tonnes.• Recycling rate (compared to total waste) in percent.• Total quantity of diesel and petrol consumed by ground vehicles and equipment (in litres).• Total tonnes of CO2 emissions due to fuel consumption (ground operations).• Total tonnes of CO2 emissions due to ground operations.

1 For Dubai-based Emirates, dnata and EKFC staff (68,500 as of 31 March 2015). It excludes staff from the 29 Emirates airport lounges covered in this report (ex Dubai), Alpha Flight Group Ltd, Emirates outstations and staff of Emirates and dnata subsidiary companies.

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TotalElectricityConsumptioninmegawatthours(mWh)Electricity consumption across the Group’s ground operations in Dubai was based on billing information provided by Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) to Group entities and Dubai Airports Company.

In the case of Emirates Flight Catering (EKFC), electricity consumption in kWh was calculated from the billing quantity (in AED), using the applicable electricity tariff at that time (in AED per kWh).

The Emirates Group received electricity consumption information for the reporting period from Dubai Airports Company for Emirates and dnata facilities at Dubai International Airport and Dubai World Central, where the Group has significant activities (e.g. dnata Ground Support Engineering and Maintenance (GSEM), Cargo Village, SkyCargo Mega Terminal, Dubai Flower Centre, Terminal 3/Concourse 2, Concourse A, Terminal 1/Concourse 1 and Terminal 2). An apportionment factor was applied to the annual electricity consumption figures received for each of these buildings, based on the extent of Group activities in that building. These adjusted totals were added to the Group total electricity consumption for the reporting period.

Electricity consumption for the 29 Emirates airport lounges outside of Dubai and the five Emirates outstations covered in this report, as well as all Alpha Flight Group facilities was based on billing information provided by the respective utility companies of those facilities.

Total Tonnes of CO2 Emissions Due to Electricity ConsumptionThe total tonnage of carbon dioxide emissions due to electricity consumption for the as-sets identified in the scope was calculated by multiplying the total megawatt hours by the carbon dioxide emissions factor assigned to the local method of power generation, with reference to the location-based method of the amended Greenhouse Gas Protocol Scope 2 Guidance (however we have only reported CO2 emissions, not CO2e, i.e. we have not included emissions factors for other greenhouse gases).

The carbon dioxide emissions factor applied in Dubai was 0.700 kg CO2/kWh for DEWA supplied electricity. DEWA states that the emission factor of the UAE national grid is 700 g CO2/kWh, which is calculated according to the Approved Consolidated Methodology ACM0002 version 01.1 tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system (UNFCCC, 2009). A country-specific carbon dioxide emissions factor was applied for power generation across the Emirates Lounges, Emirates’ outstations, and allAlpha Flight Group Ltd. facilities, in accordance with US Energy Information Administration data (2012), which is based on the average emissions intensity of total electricity sector generation for specified regions, including transmission losses.

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Electricity Consumption per Head of StaffElectricity consumption per head of staff was calculated by dividing the total annual elec-tricity consumption by all the business units, facilities and geographical locations included in the scope of this report, by the number of all staff based at those units, facilities and locations. This number is presented in kWh per head per day, and includes industrial, office and accommodation buildings (and not just residential or office electricity consumption per head). This key performance indicator (KPI) was calculated for Dubai-based operations only.

TotalWaterConsumptioninmegalitres(ml)Water consumption across the Group’s ground operations in Dubai was based on billing information provided by Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), Emirates Flight Catering (EKFC) and Dubai Airports Company (for buildings at Dubai International Airport where the Group has major activities). It also included all staff accommodation buildings in Dubai covered by the scope of this report.

In the case of EKFC, water consumption in imperial gallons (IG) was calculated from the billing quantity (in AED), using the applicable water tariff at that time (AED per IG). This was then converted into litres and megalitres, as above.

The Emirates Group received water consumption information from Dubai Airports Com-pany for three of the seven buildings at Dubai International Airport where it has significant operations (GSEM, SkyCargo Mega Terminal and Dubai Flower Centre buildings only). This was included in the overall water consumption tally for Emirates Group operations in Dubai after applying an appropriate apportionment factor based on the extent of Group activities in each building. However, water consumption for the remaining five of the seven build-ings at Dubai International Airport (where the Group has significant operations) was not included, as it is not currently metered by Dubai Airports Company.

Water consumption for the 29 Emirates airport lounges outside of Dubai and five outsta-tions covered by this report, as well as all Alpha Flight Group Ltd facilities was based on billing information provided by the respective utility companies of those facilities. All data used in the preparation of this report was provided by the managers of those facili-ties. Where water consumption for particular sites was unavailable, it was estimated using appropriate factors for that facility type, size and geographic location (e.g. staff headcount, floor area, internal dimensions and facilities – kitchens, toilets, showers, etc.).

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Total Tonnes of CO2 Emissions Due to Electricity Consumption from the Desalination ProcessAs most potable water consumed in Dubai is produced through desalination of seawater, the carbon dioxide emissions associated with the multi stage flash (MSF) desalination process were included in this report. The total tonnage of carbon dioxide emissions from water consumption for Dubai assets was calculated by multiplying the total volume of water consumed (in cubic metres) by the carbon dioxide emissions factor assigned to the desalination process utilised by DEWA. The carbon dioxide emissions factor applied was 15 kg of carbon dioxide per cubic metre of water (Arab Forum for Environment and Development, 2010), based on the knowledge that the cogeneration MSF desalination process is utilised in the production of DEWA supplied water. The water consumed by the Group in most locations outside of the UAE is not desalinated so it was not included in this calculation.

WaterConsumptionperheadofstaffWater consumption per head of staff was calculated by dividing the total annual water consumption (in ML) by all the business units, facilities and geographical locations included in the scope of this report (as above), by the number of all staff based at those units, facilities and locations. This number is presented in litres per head per day, and includes industrial, office and accommodation buildings (and not just residential or office water consumption per head). This key performance indicator (KPI) was calculated for Dubai-based operations only.

TotalWastetolandfillinTonnesThe calculation of the tonnage of waste sent to landfill used a range of methods to account for the existing variety of systems employed to track waste generation across the Group.

In the case of waste generation from the Group’s commercial buildings, the waste management contract and associated monthly reporting was based on the total number of skips (of various sizes) emptied during the reporting period. The total volume of waste generated (disposed in landfill) was calculated by taking the volume of each specific skip type, multiplied by the total number of that skip type that was emptied over the reporting year. This total volume of waste from commercial buildings was then multiplied by a density factor to provide a final waste total in tonnes. This was done using the New South Wales Environmental Protection Authority’s (NSW EPA’s) WRAPP Programme waste density conversion factors, sourced from the following regulatory website: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/government/wrapp.htm.

Waste generation data for Emirates lounges, Emirates’ largest outstations, and all Alpha Flight Group Ltd facilities was provided by the managers of those facilities. The total volume of uncompacted waste was multiplied by a density factor to provide a final waste total in tonnes. This was done using the New South Wales Environmental Protection Authority’s (NSW EPA’s) WRAPP Programme waste density conversion factors. Where waste generation data for particular sites was unavailable, it was estimated using appropriate factors for that facility type, size and geographic location (e.g. staff headcount and floor area).

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Total Tonnes of CO2EmissionsDuetoWastetolandfillThe total carbon dioxide emissions (in tonnes) due to the group’s waste to landfill was calculated by multiplying the total tonnage of waste to landfill by a carbon dioxide emissions factor of 1.0 tonne of CO2 per tonne of municipal waste. This carbon dioxide emissions factor is provided in the Australian Government’s Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency’s National Greenhouse Accounts Factors Report (July, 2010), page 69. The carbon dioxide emissions factor is derived from the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (Measurement) Determination, 2008.

TotalspecialWastesDisposedofbyIncineration,inTonnesSpecial wastes include hazardous waste (typically oily wastes and solvents), medical waste (as generated by the Group’s medical clinics in Dubai) and quarantine waste (as generated by Alpha Catering facilities in jurisdictions where on-board waste from international aircraft is considered to be ‘quarantine waste’ – requiring special disposal). In all of these examples, special waste is disposed of by high-temperature incineration in licensed municipal or private sector facilities, in accordance with local laws and regulations.

Data for special waste generation during the reporting period for all Emirates Group operations in Dubai, and for all Alpha Flight Group Ltd. facilities (as covered by the scope of this report) was provided by the managers of those facilities (in tonnes).

Total Tonnes of CO2EmissionsDuetoIncinerationofspecialWastesThe total carbon dioxide emissions (in tonnes) from the incineration of the Group’s special wastes was calculated by multiplying the total tonnage of special wastes incinerated (as covered by this report) by a carbon dioxide emissions factor of 1.0 tonne of CO2 per tonne of special waste (IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 2006).

TotalWasteGeneratedinTonnesTotal waste generated in tonnes was calculated by summing total waste to landfill plus total special wastes incinerated from all Group operations covered by the scope of this report during the reporting period.

TotalWasteGenerationperheadofstaffTotal waste generation per head of staff was calculated by dividing the total annual waste generated (in tonnes) from all the business units, facilities and geographical locations included in the scope of this report, by the number of staff based at those units, facilities and locations. This number is presented in kilograms per head per day, and includes industrial, office and accommodation buildings (and not just residential or office waste generation per head). This key performance indicator (KPI) was calculated for Dubai-based operations only.

Recycled Materials in TonnesAll individual streams of recyclable materials across the Group were reported internally in kilograms, as this was the contractual basis for the invoicing and revenue generation aspects of the recycling programmes. The monthly quantity (mass) of individual recycling streams was based on the summation of loads recorded on weighbridge tickets issued by independently operated and calibrated weighbridge stations.

Recycling RateThe overall average recycling rate (for all business units, facilities and locations included in the scope of this report) was calculated by dividing the total quantity of recycled material in tonnes, by the total quantity of waste disposed to landfill in tonnes, and presenting this as a percentage.

Recycling Rate per Head of StaffThe recycling rate per head of staff was calculated by dividing the total annual recycling quantity (in tonnes) from all the business units, facilities and geographical locations included in the scope of this report, by the number of staff based at those units, facilities and locations. This number is presented in kilograms per head per day, and includes industrial, office and accommodation buildings. This key performance indicator (KPI) was calculated for Dubai-based operations only.

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Total Tonnes of CO2 Emissions Due to Fuel ConsumptionFuel consumption for the ground operations fleet was collected directly from monthly departmental records for each vehicle. The data was recorded in either imperial gallons, US gallons, or litres, and converted to litres prior to the calculation of carbon dioxide emissions. CO2 emissions were calculated using US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) methodology (http://www.epa.gov/oms/climate/420f05001.htm#carbon). Reference to gallons in this method is to US gallons.

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Petrol EnginesCO2 emissions from a gallon of petrol = 2,421 grams x 0.99 x (44/12) = 8,788 grams = 8.8 kg/gallon = 19.4 pounds/gallon.

This equates to 8.788 kg/US gallon or 2.325 kg CO2 /litre.

For this report, 2.325 kg CO2 per litre of petrol was used to calculate carbon dioxide emissions from petrol engines.

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Diesel EnginesCO2 emissions from a gallon of diesel = 2,778 grams x 0.99 x (44/12) = 10,084 grams = 10.1 kg/gallon = 22.2 pounds/gallon.

This equates to 10.084 kg CO2 /US gallon or 2.664 kg CO2/litre.

For this report, 2.664 kg CO2 per litre of diesel was used to calculate carbon dioxide emissions from diesel engines.

The unit conversion factors that were used in the collection and analysis of fuel consumption data are provided below:

1 x US gallon = 3.785 litres.

1 x imperial gallon = 4.546 litres.

Fuel Consumption per Head of StaffFuel consumption per head of staff was calculated by dividing the total annual fuel con-sumed (in litres) by all the business units, facilities and geographical locations included in the scope of this report (as previous), by the number of all staff based at those units, facilities and locations. This number is presented in litres per head per day. It includes fuel used for all commercial ground transport operations covered by the scope of this report and does not include the fuel consumption of staff private vehicles. This key performance indicator (KPI) was calculated for Dubai-based operations only.

Total Tonnes of CO2 Emissions from Ground OperationsThe calculation of the total tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions from the Group’s ground operations involved summing the total reported quantity from each source of emissions, multiplied by its respective carbon dioxide emissions factor (as shown below).

The calculation of CO2 emissions from the Group’s ground operations used the following emissions factors:

Source of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Emissions Factor

Electricity Consumption in the UAE 0.700 kg CO2 per kWh Electricity Consumption in other countries Various, according to: http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ emission_factors.html

Vehicle Fuel Consumption - Petrol 2.325 kg CO2 per litre

Vehicle Fuel Consumption - Diesel 2.664 kg CO2 per litre

Vehicle Fuel Consumption - LPG 1.522 kg CO2 per litre

Water Consumption in Dubai 15 kg CO2 per m3 of desalinated water(desalinated seawater only)

Waste to Landfill 1 tonne CO2 per tonne of wasteIncineration of Special Wastes 1 tonne CO2 per tonne of waste(hazardous, medical and quarantine waste)