environmental pollution - watumull institute of
TRANSCRIPT
THINGS TO BE LEARNED…
Definition
Causes, effects and control measures of-
Air pollution
Water pollution
Soil pollution
Marine pollution
Noise pollution
Thermal pollution
Nuclear hazards
Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 2
Continued…
Solid waste management
Causes, effects and control measures
Role of individual in prevention of pollution
Pollution case studies
Disaster management
Floods, Earthquakes, Cyclones, Landslides
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Definition
Pollution :-
Pollution is the harmful alteration of our
environment by our own actions.
“Undesirable changes in our
surroundings that have harmful effects
on plants, animals and human beings.”
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Pollutants :-
Unwanted by-products
Our activities responsible
The residues of things used and which is
thrown away
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Pollutants
Degradable
Domestic Sewage
Slowly Degradable
Pesticides
Non Degradable
Lead, Mercury
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Air pollution
Definition:-
“Presence of undesirable solid or
gaseous particles in the air.”
History of air pollution:-
In beginning of 20th century with
development in transportation systems and use
of petrol and diesel.
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Structure of atmosphere
1. Troposphere (0-12 km)
2. Stratosphere (12-50 km)
3. Mesosphere (50-80 km)
4. Thermosphere (80-320 km)
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Types and sources of Air Pollutants
Primary pollutants
Secondary pollutants
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Primary pollutants like natural events (Dust
storms, volcano's), human activities (Vehicles,
industries)
Secondary pollutants includes sulphuric acids,
nitric acids which are produced because of
chemical reactions.
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Control measures
Control at the source only-
1. Use of gravitational settling chambers
2. Wet scrubbers
3. Centrifugal separators
4. Electrostatic precipitators
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Continued… Reducing use of fossil fuels
Improving quality of vehicular fuel
Increasing use of renewable energy
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Summary…
..\..\Videos\5.1 Air Pollution Causes,
Effects And Solutions.mp4
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Water pollution
“Introduction of chemical, biological
and physical matter into large bodies of
water that degrade the quality of life
that lives in it and consumes it.”
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Water Pollution Sources
1. Point sources
Discharge at specific locations
Easier to identify, monitor, regulate
2. Nonpoint sources
Runoff of chemicals and sediment
Agriculture
Control is difficult and expensive
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Common Water Pollutants
Inorganic Plant Nutrients
Organic chemicals
Oxygen demanding Wastes
Water-soluble inorganic chemicals
Sediment / Suspended Matter
Radioactive Substances
Disease causing agents
Heat
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Causes
50%
25%
12%
8% 5%
Domestic Sewage Erosion Detergants
Pesticides Leaded Gasoline
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Waste treatment facilities
Pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers
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Effects On aquatic ecosystem
Biological magnification
-Certain pollutants concentrations in food
chain and food webs.
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Eutrophication
Increase in nutrients level in water (Algae)
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Control measures
Disinfection of water-Chlorination
Sedimentation-Removal of suspended particles
Filtration
Prohibition on washing clothes, directly bathing in
tanks.
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Continued… Sewage treatment.
Hot water cooling before releasing from power
plants.
Excessive use of fertilizers should be avoided.
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Excessive use of fertilizers should be avoided.
Oil spilling cleaning
-A by product of paper industry resembling saw
dust
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Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
3 stages of water treatment 1. Primary
Solids are separated
2. Secondary
Dissolved biological matter is converted into
a solid mass by using water-borne bacteria
95% of the suspended molecules should be
removed
3. Tertiary
Biological solids are neutralized then
disposed, and treated water may be
disinfected chemically or physically
45
Summary…
..\..\Videos\5.2 water pollution.mp4
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Soil pollution
“Pollution of the Earth’s natural land
surface by industrial, commercial, domestic
and agricultural activities.”
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Industrial and Chemical wastes
Pesticides (chemicals used to kill insects
defined as pests)
Herbicides (chemicals used to kill plant
life, particularly weeds)
Fertilizers
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Radioactive fallout from mines, radioactive plants
Other pollutants (Acid rain)
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Effects
Soil erosion
Decreased Soil production capacity
Reduced water holding capacity
Salination Of Soil
Effect on terrestrial and aquatic life
Health hazards-Chronic diseases due to
domestic garbage
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Production of biogas from agricultural waste.
Reduce Use of chemical fertilizers
Recycling of some materials like paper, glass
Improvement in mining techniques
Proper collection and disposal of waste
(Pneumatic pipes)
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Definition-
“Excessive, displeasing environmental
noise which is created by human or
machine, that disrupts the activity or
balance of humans”
In simple terms, noise is unwanted sound
released in atmosphere
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Permissible levels of sound-
Zones Day (6 to 21 hrs) Night (21 to 6 hrs)
Industry 75 dB 70 dB
Commercial 65 dB 55 dB
Residential 55 dB 45 dB
Silent zone 50 dB 40 dB
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Causes
Industries (Textile, Mfg)
Vehicles (Tanks, Artillery)
Domestic gadgets
Public address systems
Nanjing – 105 dB
Mumbai - 82 dB
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Effects
Effect on hearing ability (Ear drum, sensory
cells)
Effect on general health (Stress, Anxiety,
Heart rate)
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Control measures
Proper maintenance of machines
Sound proof chambers for noisy machines
Location of industries away from human
settlements
Silence zones
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Control over vibrations
Planting coniferous trees around roads.
Installation of sound barriers
Protective devices such as ear muffs,
cotton plugs.
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Thermal pollution
Sources, effects and control measures
of thermal pollution
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35%
27%
12%
11%
8% 5% 2%
Composition Of Urban Waste
Food
Plastic
Leaves & Street Garbage
Paper
Glass & Ceramics
Metals
Rubber & Other
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Effects
Spoilage of landscape
Soil Pollution (Effect on soil)
Health hazards
Effect on terrestrial and aquatic life
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Respect for all forms of life.
Reduce use of wood and paper
Recycle paper products
Cut down use of CFC’s
Renewable energy sources
Public transport instead of private vehicles
Rechargeable batteries to reduce metal pollution
Protect trees from cutting
Save electricity
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Avoid asking plastic bags
Garbage separation
Do not litter the roads and surroundings
Understand natural and cultural assets
Remember
Environment protection begins with
YOU…
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Disaster
“Extreme event which exceed the
tolerable magnitude within or beyond
certain limits, which results in loss of
property, income and lives”
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Disasters…
..\..\Videos\5.4 Disaster Management.flv
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Various disasters:-
Cyclones
Floods
Droughts
Earthquakes
Landslides
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Cyclones Causes
..\..\Videos\5.5 Tropical cyclones.flv
Mitigation measures-
Installation of early warning systems
Developing communication infrastructure
Developing Shelter belts
Developing community cyclone shelters
Training and education
Land use control in coastal belts
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Flood Control Measures
Structural
Improved drainage
Reservoirs
Floodwalls
Anti erosion measures
Non-structural
Disaster preparations
Maintaining flood
forecasting
Warning systems
Public health measures
Flood insurance
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Landslides
Reasons like climate, earthquakes, changing land
use
Physically controlling of land slides
Prevent exposure of population
Drainage measures
Erosion measure control
Rock fall control measures- Grass Plantation
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Earthquakes
Motion of ground surface, sudden shaking
of earth crust.
Rocks under stress accumulate strain
energy over time.
When stress exceeds strength of rocks,
rock breaks.
Causes
1. Natural
2. Human activities (Underground Nuclear
Tests)
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Richter Scale Severity
Less than 4 Insignificant
4-4.9 Minor
5-5.9 Damaging
6-6.9 Destructive
7-7.9 Major
More than 8 Great
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Effects:-
i. Short range (Claims many lives, Damage to
property, Floods, Tsunamis, Fires)
ii. Long range (Regional changes, River shifting)
Mitigation Measures:-
i. Earthquake resistant buildings in earthquake
prone areas e.g. Wooden houses in Japan
ii. Coordination between government, local
NGOs for rescue and rehabilitation for
mitigation
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Mitigation: any activity that reduces either the
chance of a hazard taking place or a hazard turning
into disaster.
Risk reduction: anticipatory measures and actions
that seek to avoid future risks as a result of a
disaster.
Prevention: avoiding a disaster even at the
eleventh hour.
Preparedness: plans or preparations made to save
lives or property, and help the response and rescue
service operations. This phase covers
implementation/operation, early warning systems
and capacity building so the population will react
appropriately when an early warning is issued.
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Response: includes actions taken to save lives and
prevent property damage, and to preserve the
environment during emergencies or disasters. The
response phase is the implementation of action
plans.
Recovery: includes actions that assist a community
to return to a sense of normalcy after a disaster.
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Disaster management
Relief measures
Disaster predictions
Disaster research
Education
Geographic Information Systems
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Have you ever imagined
What will happen
If
We don’t think of
Environment??
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GO BACK!! Nothing is left
in future. Not even
FRESH AIR to breathe…
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When you’ll become mummies and daddies..
You’ll say to your kids…
You need to go inside and get some fresh
air!
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“Duniya me hum aye
hain to jeena hi
padega,
Hawaa me agar hai
ZEHER toh sehna hi
padega”
Nahiiiiiiii…
Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 106
Go Green…
Videos\5.6 Ways 2 Go Green Right
Now.mp4
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