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Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 1 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME

The Life Cycle Management NavigatorLife Cycle Design

Training Session 11


Life Cycle DesignWhat is LCD? What?

The aim of Life Cycle Design (LCD) is

The basic principles of Life Cycle Design are

to integrate environmental and social considerations into product or service design and development.

• life cycle thinking;

• introduction of the environmental and social considerations as early as possible in the life-cycle;

• consideration of the core service provided by the product.



Emphasis on product quality

along its life cycle

Increase in resource use

efficiency

Increase in production eco-efficiency and

organisation efficiency

Consideration of local culture and capacities

Concern for end-of-life

management

Elements of Life Cycle Design

Identification of market needs and

opportunitiesSource: CSCP


Life Cycle DesignAreas of Application Where?

Source: CSCP

The designers and the managers of the products use life cycle design during the earlier phases of product development.

LCD is a top-rank tool for environmental and social management. Raw Materials can be defined according to the requirements of LCD.Decisions on LCD in the earlier phase of product development alsoinfluence Packaging and Distribution, Use and Maintenance, and theDisposal.


Life Cycle DesignNew Product Development Example

Nigel’s Ecostore - Washing balls

UK

• introduced washing balls, which have the same function as washing powder;

• reuseable up to 1,000 times;

• leads to up to 90% cost savings compared to normal detergent.

Source: www.nigelsecostore.com; www.eco-ball.com


Life Cycle DesignBenefits Why?

The product design phase influences more than 80% of the cost spent for a product (i.e. production costs, maintenance costs and end-of-life costs).

85%

15%

Design Phase Commercial Life Cycle Phase

SpentCosts

DecidedCosts

100%

Costs(production, use, end of life)

Time

Source: Tischner, U. and Charter, M.


Life Cycle DesignBenefits Why?

Internal

• Product innovation• Improves product quality• Saves costs• Boosts brand value and reputation• Reach new customers• New opportunities for value

creation• Social equity• Governance and management

systems visible to stakeholders• Green marketing• Environmental and social

awareness

External

• Be prepared for upcoming norms and standards

• Use of subsidy schemes• Encounter market and supplier

competition• Accomodate customer demand,

public opinion, and NGO pressure

• Encounter pressure from direct community, environmental groups and other stakeholders

Source: UNEP et al., 2006, Design for sustainability - A practical approach


Life Cycle DesignHow to apply How?

Source: Adapted from ISO and Brezet, H. & Van Hemel, C.

UNEP et al., 2006, Design for sustainability - A practical approach

1. Create team, plan project,SWOT drivers, company goals

2. Product selection

3. Development oflife cycle design strategy

4. Product ideageneration and selection

5. Concepts Development

6. Evaluation and Implementation of product

7. Follow Up

Product Specification

Conceptual Design

Detailed Design

Manufacturing Preparation

Market Launch

Review

Project Plan

Product Idea

Life Cycle Design

Key Life Cycle Aspects

The Final Product

Project

Traditional Design Steps

Life Cycle Design Steps Output of the Process Step



1. Create team, plan project, SWOT drivers, company goals• Enthusiasm and support of management• Allocation of financial resources and when to do

2. Product selection• Selection of a suitable product or sub-assembly requires a screening through a check-list.• Consider

- reduction in environmental and social impact- market potential- the match between life cycle gains and market potentials- competency of the personnel- anticipated learning effect- available budget- complexity of the product- length of the Life Cycle



3. Development of Life Cycle Design strategy




4. Product idea generation and selection

• New concept development• Selection of low impact materials• Reduction of material usage • Optimisation of production techniques • Product structure level• Reduction of impact during use • Optimisation of the initial life time • Optimisation of end-of-life system


Life Cycle DesignHow to apply Example

Grammer A.G. - Chair manufacturer Germany• Developed “Natura” chair to have a life time of 30 years

• Guaranteed take-back and re-use (90% of an old chair) by Grammer without costs to the consumer

• Raw material with environmental properties i.e. wood, naturally tanned leather

• A comprehensive cost model to apply this model:

A share of the revenue is put aside in the form of a re-use budget in the year of the sale.

For financing the re-use and recycling activities, only a moderate increase (2-4%) of the selling price was found to be required.

Source: UNEP Working Group on Sustainable Product Development



Ragbag - Shoulder bags, backing packs, walletsIndia • Made from recycled plastic

bags collected by „rag pickers“• Plastic rags are collected, washed, dried and seperated by colour• Rags get pressed and sewed, no additional chemicals

• Created 50 new jobs in slums of New Delhi• Direct income for the poor• Reuse of „waste“ • Reduction of need of virgin material




Wai-Tu - Backpack Fiji

The company APM wanted to develop new markets and to improve its environmental commitment/performances by redesigning abackpack.

Actions taken:• Replacing the polyester fabric by a non-

dyed cotton fabric without any treatment• Reduction of the mass of plastic used in the

packaging of 97%• Improvement of the safety in the factory • Reduction of the electricity used by the air

compressor of 50% • Increase of the amount of paper recycled

by 30%

Mathieux, F. et. al.,Sustainability and adapted product ecodesign

in Small Island Developing States of the South Pacific.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.



4. Concepts developmentFilter the options through the criteria of technical and financial feasibility, market opportunities and expected environmental and social profit and the most favourable ones are selected.

5. Evaluation and implementation of product

6. Follow Up


Life Cycle Designin a Hungarian paint manufacturer

Case Study

Dunalakk Paint Producing & Servicing Ltd. profile • Location Budapest, Hungary• Personnel 102• Main products Paints and coating materials, and

consulting services• Gross profit HUF 18 million in 1995

1. Minimisation of manufacturing process emissions2. Reduction in the use of hazardous materials3. Reduction of chemical emissions during paint application4. Minimisation of fire hazards in raw material usage5. Reduction of hazardous waste produced during paint

application

Environmentally sound product strategyDunalakk identified the areas to be addressed:

Source: INEM


Life Cycle Designin a Hungarian paint manufacturer

Case Study

Implementation • Powder coatings, which produce no chemical emissions during

application• Solvent-free, water-soluble and aqueous dispersion paints, as

alternatives to solvent-based paints• Technologies for reusing paint waste resulting from the

application process

Future strategies• To use environmentally sound product selection as an integral

part of Dunalakk’s quality management system• To work with customers in developing markets for environmentally

sound products

Source: INEM


Life Cycle DesignTips for Action! Tips

• Work on the parts of the product rather than the whole if you have products having short product development time!

• Concentrate on only one component or sub-assembly of the product when you have highly complex products and long-life span.

• There is no single methodology for “Life Cycle Design”!

• Key is to integrate the environmental and social impact consideration process into your usual design process.

• Use simple tools such as life-cycle mapping or matrixes!

• Develop an action plan!

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