environmental impact assessment study ......p.o box 61872 00200 environmental impact assessment...
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT
FOR
THE PROPOSED GULF ENERGY RUAI JUNCTION SERVICE STATION.
ON PLOT L.R. NO. V. 13106 & V. 13101
Off Kangudo Road, 600m along the Eastern By-pass towards Thika
Road.
E.I.A REFERENCE NO: NEMA/PR/5/2/11,575
GULF ENERGY LIMITED
P.O BOX 61872 00200
NAIROBI.
In Accordance with
Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA), 1999
PREPARED BY
Joseph Mwaniki Kiaharo: Lead Expert Reg no. 2625
Mugambi Alex Associate Expert Reg no 1885
November 2013
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CERTIFICATION
This environmental impact assessment report for Gulf Energy limited has been prepared
with reasonable skills, care and diligence in accordance with the Environmental
Management and Coordination Act, 1999 and the Environmental Impact Assessment and
Audit Regulations 2003. The experts involved in the EA process certifies that the particulars
given in this report are correct to the best of our knowledge. The company management
agrees to abide by the recommendations of the report regarding conservation of the
environment and was to implement the Environmental Management Plan to the best
possible standards.
PROPONENT
I hereby certify that the particulars given herein are correct and true to the best of my
knowledge and I will comply with the prepared Environmental Management Plan.
For: Gulf Energy Ltd.
Name ……………………………………………..………. Position…………………………………
Signed…………………………………… Date………………………………………
EXPERTS: LEAD ASSOCIATE
Name: JOSEPH MWANIKI MUGAMBI ALEX
Address: P.O BOX 29686 00100 P.O BOX 29686 00100
Tel: 0722419868 0724236403
NEMA Reg. Certificate NO: 2625 1885
Signature…………………………. Date........................................................
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ACRONYMS
NCC Nairobi City Council
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMCA Environmental Management Coordination Act
EMP Environmental Management Plan
KM Kilometres
NEC National Environment Council
NEMA National Environment Management Authority
NGOs Non Governmental Organizations
NPEP National Poverty Eradication Plan
NWC Nairobi Water Company
PEC Poverty Eradication Commission
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
TOR Terms of Reference
WRMA Water Resources Management Authority
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ii
ACCRONYMNS ……………………………………………………………………………………………… iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………… 6
1.0 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………… 7
1.1 Background ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7
1.2 Project Objectives ……………………………………………………………………………………… 7
1.3 Study methodology …………………………………………………………………………… 7
1.4 Scope of study ………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
1.5 Assumptions Limitations of study……………………………………………………… 9
2.0 BASELINE INFORMATION …………………………............................................ 10
2.1 Project Background…………………………………………………………………………… 10
2.2 Project location ………………………………………………………………………………. 10
2.3 Project Description …………………………………………………………………………… 12
2.4 Facilities …………………………………………………………………………………………… 12
2.5 Project Budget ...............………………………………………………………………. 13
2.6 Major Resources and Inputs................................................................ 13
2.7 Activities, Operations and Processes ………………………………………………… 14
2.8 Products, By-Products and wastes……………………………………………………… 15
2.8 Project alternatives…………………………………………………………………………… 15
3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ………………………………………… 17
3.1 Preamble………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17
3.2 Environmental Management coordination Act (EMCA) of 1999………………...17
3.3 The Penal Code, CAP 63 ……………………………………………………………………… 17
3.4 The water Act CAP 372…………………………………………………………… 18
3.5 The Public Health Act, CAP 242…………………………………………………………… 19
3.6 The Local Government Act, CAP 265 ………………………………………………….. 20
3.7 Kenya Bureau of Standards ………………………………………………………………… 20
3.8 Building Code ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 21
3.9 Physical Planning Act …………………………………………………………………………….. 21
3.10 The petroleum Act Cap 514 ………………………………………………………………….. 23
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4.0 GULF ENERGY PETROL STATION ASSESSMENT…………………………………………………… 23
4.1 Potentially affected Environment …………………………………………………………. 23
4.2 Bio-Physical Environment ……………………………………………………………………. 23
4.3 Social-Economic Environment……………………………………………………………… 26
5.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION …………………………………………………………………………………. 27
5.1 Neighborhood …………………………………………………………………………………. 27
5.2 Pre – Construction Participation …………………………………………………………………… 27
5.3 Post – Construction Participation ………………………………………………………. 27
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION AND PREDICTION……………………. 28
6.1 Positive Impacts …………………………………………………………………………………. 28
6.2 Impacts on the Environment …………………………………………………………….. 29
6.3 Impacts to Human Environment ………………………………………………………… 30
6.4 Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………………………….. 33
7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN……………………………………………………….. 35
7.1 Management issues…………………………………………………………………………… 35
7.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan and Auditing……………………………………. 35
7.3 Pre-Construction Plan ……………………………………………………………………….. 51
7.4 During Construction Plan…………………………………………………………………… 51
7.5 Post-Construction Plan ………………………………………………………………………. 52
7.6 Environmental Health and Safety ………………………………………………………. 53
7.7 Decommissioning Plan ……………………………………………………………………… 53
8.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMEDATION ……………………………………………………… 56
8.1 Conclusion …………….………………………………………………………………………… 56
8.2 Recommendation ……………………………………………………………………………. 56
8.3 Areas of Further Studies…………………………………………………………………… 57
9.0 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 58
10.0 APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 59
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report relates to the proposed development
of a petrol service station, which lies on latitude: 1°15'32.33"S and longitude: 36°59'4.60"E,
off Kangudo Road, 600m along the Eastern By-pass towards Thika road, at the Mitikenda
shopping center, Nairobi County, on the parcel of land L.r no. V.13106 & V. 13101
purchased from Embakasi Ranching Company Ltd, share certificate no. 022147 & 022150
lying on 0.50 of an acre-The land transfer is still under processing to get the title deed- with
the following parcel no. details 8610 & 8609. By the project proponent Gulf Energy Limited.
Architectural drawings and a change of user planning for the project site have been
prepared and development approval application to which this report relates submitted to
the Nairobi County for approval. This proposal forms part of an overall program of
development of the proposed Gulf Energy Petrol Station.
The proposed development i.e. the petrol and service station will be constructed in a region
with few present petrol stations thus serving the market better, which is a good thing to the
motorists along the Eastern Bypass.
The goal of this development is to become a service provider in the oil industry. This is
achieved through provision of convenient refueling for vehicles, creation of employment,
contribution to Government resources and provision of motor vehicle servicing. The rapidly
growing population and traffic along the Eastern Bypass has resulted to more and or
anticipation of more vehicles on the road stretching the demand for more fuel outlets.
The proposed project site is virgin land 80% where no any land use has been carried out in
the place before but used as a storage site for sand and building blocks. However, the
owner/proponent wants to put the land into use in order to get maximum return from the
site. The site is well served with access road, electricity, water service from and sewerage
services from Nairobi water. As partners in oil industry, the proponent of the proposed
project will maintain the high regard to the Environment.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The proposed project will be situated around the Kangudo road – Eastern Bypass Junction,
600m along the Eastern Bypass road towards Thika road. The proposed project’s proponent
intends to become a service provider in the oil industry. The major services that will be
provided in the site include refuelling for vehicles, quick vehicles service, car tyre centre,
service bay among others. The proposed project will also help in creation of employment to
the local youth during the construction and operational phases of the project and also
contribute to government revenue base.
1.2 Project Study Objectives
The overall objective of the Environmental Impact study report for the project is to:
To ensure neighborhood participation in the project development
To assess the environmental risks posed by the development
To recommend the mitigation measures necessary to safeguard the environment
and the development
To determine the exiting level of environmental management on the site
To determine the level of environmental compliance
1.3 Study Methodology
The study was based on the following methodology
The Environmental concerns, accounting and principles included;
Identification of environmental hazards associated with petrol station development
through literature review.
The Environmental concerns, accounting;
Public participation in the project development
Recognition of social and cultural principles
Polluter pays principle
The precautionary principle
Consultation with the project proponents.
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Review of various statutes relating to environmental protection in Kenya including
was the Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act (1999)
Review of past studies and reports.
Primary Information on the site obtained through site surveys and inspection.
Management systems put in place for minimizing risks of environmental impacts
were determined via interviews with staff on site and the neighborhood
Browsing on the internet was applied to determine alternative mitigations and the
justification of the best and most appropriate approach towards environmental
management of the development.
Photographic documentation of the site and review of the approved drawings.
1.4 Scope of Study
The study was carried out to determine the environmental impact of the development and
to give proposals on how to minimize any undesirable effects arising from it and the
activities that go along with it. This exercise had to involve the gathering of information
relating to both the physical infrastructure and management practices in order to evaluate
environmental risks posed as a result of the development and at the same time to identify
possible mechanisms of minimizing the identified risks.
The scope included:
The identification for environmental hazards associated with petrol station
development
An environmental performance of assessment
An assessment of actual and potential impacts on physical, air, water, soil and
neighborhood.
Making recommendations on an improved environmental management plan of
performance
The baseline information presents the potential areas where the damage to the
environment is likely to take place or effects felt.
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1.5 Assumptions and Limitations of the study
It is assumed that the potential environmental hazards of major significance are:
Effects on the physical environment
Public and occupational health and safety
Oil contamination
Increased demand for services as a result of increased population
Social impacts to the neighborhood
The collection of samples of soil from the site
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2.0 BASELINE INFORMATION
2.1 Project Background
The proposed project is situated in Njiru district, Ruai Division and Ruai Sub – Location. It
lies within latitude: 1°15'32.33"S and longitude: 36°59'4.60"E, off Kangudo Road, 600m
along the Eastern By-pass towards Thika road, on the parcel of land L.r no. V.13106 & V.
13101 purchased from Embakasi Ranching Company Ltd, share certificate no. 022147 &
022150, Parcel no 8610 and 8609 measuring approximately 0.1007ha and 0.995 ha
respectively. -The land transfer is still under processing to get the title deed-. Find attached
copies of the land details and an affidavit by the proponent to the same.
The proposed project’s proponent intends to become a service provider in the oil industry.
The major services that will be provided in the site include refueling for vehicles, servicing of
the vehicles, tyre services in the service bay among others. The proposed project will also
help in creation of employment to the local youth during the construction and operational
phases of the project and also contribute to government revenue base.
The design brief given to the Architect comprised the planning and design of the station and
related facilities. How it relates to the main road i.e Eastern Bypass and the adjacent
Kangundo road is open to great consideration. The proponent recognizes the demand for
more fuel outlets needed in this country and thus will offer reliable supply of petroleum
products while still promoting development. As a population grows, the demand for
services also grows.
2.2 Project Location
The Proposed Petrol Station site lies within latitude: latitude: 1°15'32.33"S and longitude:
36°59'4.60"E, off Kangudo Road, 600m along the Eastern By-pass towards Thika road, Niiru
district, Nairobi County, on the parcel of land L.r no. V.13106 & V. 13101 purchased from
Embakasi Ranching Company Ltd, share certificate no. 022147 & 022150, Parcel no 8610
and 8609 measuring approximately 0.1007ha and 0.995 ha. The site is opens and is
currently no meaningful activity on site. There is a small iron shed on site which is directly
opposite the Swara Cafeteria.
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Plate 1: Google image showing site location.
Plate 2: Project site
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2.3 Project Description
Development is a reflection of changing population needs and a changing economic
environment. Land the medium on which development takes place is unique in that it is
constant in size all the time.
The petrol service station intends to conveniently use the idle piece of land and target to
meet the unmatched emerging demand along the Eastern Bypass motorists
2.4 FACILITIES
2.4.1 Parking Bay
The parking will be situated at two sides of the station. This facility is very crucial as it will
also serve as the parking space for clients buying different products. It will also be useful
during offloading different petroleum products and goods once they are brought in for
storage. There will be substantial activity sometimes as vehicles will be moving in and out of
the compound. The floor of the parking area will be cabro paved to ensure easy movement
of vehicles and better drainage of storm water.
Adjacent to the parking area will be sitting area and landscaped to fit.
2.4.2 Washrooms
There will be two main toilets types i.e. staff toilets and public toilets both having Males and
Females units plus a urinal available at the station, they total to about ten units.
2.4.3 Offices
There will be one main offices block housing the manager’s office, sales office, store, LPG
storage and a strong room. They should be well lit with one fluorescent tube in each office,
they will be painted with white paint as this increases the brightness of the rooms. The
ventilation shall consist of two holes at the upper part of the wall and a window which will
always be kept open. The floor will be finished with tiles and kept clean by a cleaner.
Electricity will be used for lighting and there shall be a standby fuel run generator to be
used to provide light in the event of power failure. There shall be two fire extinguishers
placed outside the office for fire management.
2.4.4 Filling pumps.
This is the section which shall house the pumps for fueling purposes, it will be cabro paved
all through. There will be four pumps dispensing both diesel and super pump. Then a
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kerosene pump will be located a distance from the main canopy area for people to access.
There will be also three underground storage tanks for storing fuel. Diesel tanks shall have
40,000 liters storage capacity and the one for super shall have 40,000 liters storage
capacity. A kerosene storage tank bearing a capacity of 40,000 liters will also be installed.
There shall be two fire extinguishers placed in front of the office, a few meters from the
pumps to help manage fire at the station. They should be checked and serviced regularly to
ensure their efficiency. The pumps will be run by electricity, supplied by underground
cables.
2.4.5 Service bay.
This section will have the lube bay, tyre change bay and the open washing bays this section
will be interlinked to the conservancy tank fixed with an oil interceptor before being
channeled to join the NCC sewerage which is within site.
2.46 Convenience Store
The facility will also host a convenience store, which will serve clients as they refuel their
motor vehicle. It will also serve residents around the area with need.
2.5 Project Budget
The project is expected to cost approximately 30,000,000 Ksh (thirty million Kenyan
shillings) till completion/commissioning. This includes cost of land, connecting to Nairobi
water Company (NWC) water and sewerage facility, the actual construction and installions
of service station allied infrastructure. The NEMA E.I.A fee payable is 15,000 ksh. This was
made when submitting the project report.
2.6 Major resources and inputs
2.6.1 During Construction
Basic materials to be used during construction include the following
Sand Paint
Ballast Glass
Cement Tiles
Timber Plastics
Water masonry stones
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2.6.2 Construction activities and timetable
The construction activities to project completion/ commissioning comprise the project
implementation with the accomplishment of the following stages.
Site clearance and excavation
Foundation works
Concrete works
Plaster works
Roofing
Painting
Mechanical/ Plumbing
Electrical
Interior finishes
Landscaping
Handing over
Maintenance
2.6.3 During Operation
The project is to be developed for sales of oil and petroleum products. Thus the operations
after the construction are limited to selling operations which are mainly commercial. There
also will be vehicle servicing activities which include car tyre facility, oil changing and
overnight parking. These will include regular vehicular movement, energy use, garbage
disposal, water spillage, car garage and human activities.
2.7 Activities Operations and Processes
The project implementation stage (construction) is anticipated to take a maximum of twelve
months and the process will start with the substructure followed by super structure and
roofing and finally finishes, external works and landscaping.
The project works program will be drawn by the contractor awarded this contract for
approval by the client and consultants. Copies of this will also be displayed in the office for
inspection by stakeholders.
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2.8 Products, By-products and wastes
2.8.0 General
By-products and wastes can be segregated at the site of operation. It so happens that the
by- products are diverse and the produced waste will be segregated for reuse and disposal,
in the works either on the site or elsewhere. The various products, by-products and wastes
are as described below.
2.8.1 Oil emissions
The proposed project will emit oil waste from its daily operations as it will mainly deal with
petroleum products. However, the proponent will install oil receptors that will ensure all
waste is thoroughly treated before released to the common drainage system.
2.8.2 Air emissions
The construction process has minimal air emission of gaseous form. Dust is the only
anticipated emission during the excavation and construction processes.
2.8.3 Solid waste
There is large amount of solid waste on the site which will require removal or reuse. Such
include plastics, sand, cement, timber, steel, glasses, paper, debris, etc
2.8.4 Noise emission
This will be generated by vehicular and machinery operations. Workers operations will also
be a source of noise.
2.8.5 Office waste
Office waste will be collected and disposed to the CCM bins or burnt in an onsite compost
pit
2.8.6. Waste water
The proponent has access to two points of connecting to the NWC sewerage facilities.
Depending on costs and advice from NWC, the company will chose the best suitable point
of connection. It must also be ensure that oil receptors are fitted before the service station
waste water enters the NWC mains.
2.9 Project alternatives
Land is a very scarce resource in this country and more so in the urban area. Thus the issue
of an alternative site for the project may be remote. The best alternative that warrants a
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good return on capital invested on the land will be the proposed petrol service station.
Which the proponent has the best knowledge of how to run and operate.
The alternative technologies available include the conventional brick and mortar style,
prefabricated concrete panels, or even temporally structures. Due to cost and durability,
the brick and mortar style is the most popular more so in the country.
The scale and extent of the project is strictly controlled by the plot size. This size will only
allow for few activities that go along with a petrol station. The main objective is to cater for
the emerging population increase in the project catchment’s area.
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3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK
3.1 Preamble
There is a growing concern in Kenya and at global level that many forms of development
activities cause damage to the environment. Development activities have the potential to
damage the natural resources upon which the economies are based. A major national
challenge today is how to maintain sustainable development without damaging the
environment. The Environmental Impact Assessment is a useful tool for protection of the
environment from the negative effects of developmental activities.
These legal obligations relating to environmental auditing (EA) which covers all existing
enterprises, including firms, industries, warehouse, factories, petrol stations, power
stations, quarries, mines and any ongoing projects specified under the second schedule of
EMCA. There are other legislations to be complied with in the project and include those
discussed below. These have been selectively reviewed to ensure that the project complies
environmentally as required by the country’s constitution.
3.2 Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) of 1999
Among other provisions, the Act requires that for a new project.
“An Environmental Impact assessment be conducted to provide baseline information upon
which, subsequent Environmental Control Audit Studies shall be based”.
The initial and subsequent annual audit reports are to be submitted to the National
Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) for approval or otherwise.
The proponent will have to ensure that environmental protection facilities or measures to
prevent pollution and ecological deterioration such as sewerage connections, solid waste
management plans, and landscaping and aesthetic improvement programme are
implemented and maintained throughout the project cycle.
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3.3 The Penal Code, CAP 63
Section 191 of the penal code states that if any person or institution that voluntarily
corrupts or foils water for public springs or reservoirs, rendering it less fit for its ordinary
use is guilty of an offence. Section 192 of the same Act states a person who makes or
vitiates the atmosphere in any place to make it noxious to health of persons /institution is
dwelling or business premises in the neighborhood or those passing along public way,
commit an offence. In particular, section 191 states that:
“Any person who voluntarily either corrupts or fouls the water of any public spring
or reservoir so as to render it less fit for the purpose for which it ordinarily used is
guilty to a misdemeanor”.
The proponent will be required to ensure strict adherence to the Environmental
Management Plan throughout the project cycle in order to mitigate against any possible
negative impacts.
3.4 The Water Act CAP 372
Part II, section 18, of the Water Act 2002 provides for national monitoring and information
system on water resources. Following on this, sub-section 3 allows the Water Resources
Management Authority (WRMA) to demand from any person or institution, specified
information, documents, samples or materials on water resources. Under these rules,
specific records may require to be kept by the proponent and the information thereof
furnished to the authority.
The Water Act Cap 372 vests the rights of all water to the State, and the power for the
control of all body of water with the Minister, the powers is exercised through the Minister
and the Director of water resources in consultation with the water catchments boards,
requires among other things that:
“any person (read “establishment”) abstracting ground water by means of well
should effectively seal off, to a significant depth any contaminated or polluted
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surface, shallow water, rock opening or soft broken ground and effectively seal off
the top of the well between the surface casing and the internal pump column and
suction such well or ground water”
Further, that “this person shall dispose the effluents or drainage from any factory or
trade premises in such a manner as will prevent any such effluent or drainage from
reaching such well or ground water”
The contactor will be required to implement necessary measures to prevent any form of
water contamination during the construction phase. The proponent will ensure that
appropriate measures to prevent pollution of underground and surface water resources are
implemented throughout the project cycle. Since the area is served by a mainline water
supply facility from Nairobi Water Company. (NWC), there is further supply from community
water projects which supplement the water supply.
3.5 The Public Health Act, CAP 242
This Act, among other provisions: Regulates the maintenance, repair and inspection of
drains, latrines cesspools and septic tanks, Gives requirements for the construction of the
drains in connection with a building; Prohibits nuisance that may cause injury or health
hazard. Subsidiary regulations give requirements for medical examination of workers
dealing with food manufacture, sanitation and food preservation.
Part IX, section 115, of the Act states that no person/institution shall cause nuisance or
condition liable to be injurious or dangerous to human health. Section 116 requires that
Local Authorities take all lawful, necessary and reasonably practicable measures to maintain
their jurisdiction clean and sanitary to prevent occurrence of nuisance or condition liable to
be injurious or dangerous to human health.
Such nuisance or conditions are defined under section 118 as waste pipes, sewers, drainers
or refuse pits in such state, situated or constructed as in the opinion of the medical officer
of health to be offensive or injurious to health. Any noxious matter or waste water flowing
or discharged from any premises into the public street or into the gutter or side channel or
watercourse, irrigation channel, or bed not approved for discharge is also deemed as
20
nuisance. Other nuisances are accumulation of materials or refuse which in the opinion of
the medical officer of health is likely to harbor rats or other vermin.
The main contractor will be required to provide sanitary facilities and solid waste containers
for use by construction workers on site during construction phase. A licensed solid waste
transporter will be contracted to collect all solid waste from the site for dumping at
approved sites. Sewage from the site during operation phase will be discharged into the
NWC sewerage mains which are near the facility. Initially there was a suggestion of using
onsite sewer facility within the site, based on bio digester technology though the NWC mains
proximity to site proves to be ideal.
3.6 The Local Government Act, CAP 265
Section 166 – Planning – Every municipal council, county council or town council may,
subject to any other written law relating thereto, prohibit and control the development and
use of land and buildings in the interest of the proper and orderly development of its area.
Section 170, allows the right to access to private property at all times by local authorities its
officers and servants for purposes of inspection, maintenance and alteration or repairs of
sewers. To ensure sustainability in this regard, the local authority is empowered to make by
laws in respect of all such matters as are necessary or desirable for maintenance of health,
safety, and well being of the inhabitants of its area as provided for under Section 201 of the
Act.
The project proponent will comply with the Act; the proposed plans and change of user have
been submitted have approval. Find attached copies to the effect.
3.7 Kenya Bureau of Standards’ Standards
The standards state and define the specifications for
a) Building materials
b) Finishing materials
c) Equipment standards
d) Products quality and standards
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3.8 The Building code
Section 194 requires that where sewer exists, the occupants of the nearby premises shall
apply to the local authority for a permit to connect to the sewer line and all the wastewater
must be discharged into sewers. In the absence of the sewer facility the proponent must
give an alternative to safe disposal to sewer and all waste water.
The proposed project area has no existing sewer line. However, the proponent will install an
oil interceptor at the site to ensure that no liquid waste from the petrol station is directed in
to the onsite conservancy tank/septic tank which will be based on agreeable boidigester
technology.
3.9 The Physical planning act, CAP 286
The Local Authorities are empowered under section 29 of the Act to reserve and maintain
all land planned for open spaces, parks, urban forests and green belts. The same section,
therefore allows for the prohibition or control of the use and development of land and
buildings in the interest of proper and orderly development of an area.
Section 30 states that any person who carries out development without development
permission will be required to restore the land to its original condition. It also states that no
other licensing authority shall grant license for commercial or industrial use or occupation
of any building without a development permission granted by the respective local authority.
The proponent has submitted architectural drawings to the NCC for approval.
Finally, section 36 states that if connection with a development application, local authority
is of the opinion that the proposed development activity will have injurious impact on the
environment, the application shall be required to submit together with the application an
environment impact assessment EIA report. EMCA, 1999 echoes the same by requiring that
such an EIA is approved by the NEMA and should be followed by annual environmental
audits.
22
The proponent has fully complied with this provision by appointing a group of
Environmental Experts to prepare and submit an Environmental Impact Assessment report
to the authority
3.10 The Petroleum Act Cap 514
According to section 13(1) of the Petroleum Act, no person shall store petroleum in bulk
except in the ones that have obtained a license for doing so.
The proponent of the proposed project has operational petrol stations within the country
and therefore is fully licensed to carry out such business. However, he is seeking a licence
from the relevant authorities for the proposed project.
Section 19(1) provides that no person shall, in or near any storage shed or installation, do
any act, which is likely to cause fire. As part of emergency preparedness for fire incidents,
section 20(6) requires an efficient fire service to be provided in every installation and the
employees be instructed periodically in the use of various fire appliances.
The proponent will ensure adequate measures to ensure the safety of the public and the
employees at the site. He will install various fire prevention measures at the site including
the installation of fire extinguishers within the site.
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4.0 GULF ENERGY PETROL STATION ASSESSMENT
4.1 Potentially effected Environment
4.1.1 Baseline environment
For EIAs the environment considered is both the bio-physical and socio-economic
environments. By describing the baseline conditions, the EIA is able to determine how
affected the environment may become with the project implementation.
Bio-physical environment include;
Climate and air quality
General ecology
Geology and soils
Water resources
Human influence and pollution
The socio-economic environment is subdivided into;
Administration
Density
Water and sanitation
Energy sources
Housing
Traffic
4.2 Bio-physical Environment
4.2.1 Climate and air
The site is located within Nairobi. Although Nairobi is situated quite close to the Equator, its
altitude of about (1500 meters) results in enjoying an equatorial as opposed to a tropical
climate, with temperatures neither uncomfortably low at night.
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The main features of the climate are the existence of definite wet and dry seasons, and the
absence of any large seasonal change in temperature. For convenience the year can be
subdivided into four seasons as follows:-
· Mid-December to Mid-March: Warm, sunny, dry.
· Mid- March to May: Main rainy season.
· June to Mid-October: Cool, rather cloudy (especially July-August), dry.
· Mid-October to Mid-December Secondary rainy seasons.
The only period of the year when the weather can be rather trying is during the hot, dry
period shortly before the rains break in March. At this time mid-day temperatures rise to
nearly 32°C, the relative humidity may fall to 10%, and a moderately strong easterly wind
tends to raise the dust.
Although the average temperature throughout the 24 hours varies only from about 17°
during July and August to 20°C in March, the daily range of temperature is quite large,
averaging about 10° in May and 15° in February.
4.2.2 Geology and soils
The Project site lies in Ruia is characterized by a large depression filled with volcanic rocks
and sediments of Cainozoic times, which lie on basement complex rocks. In earlier times
volcanic activities dominated Nairobi area. The volcanic rocks deposited by the solidification
of flowing lavas (Nairobi phonolites) have gentle slope flowing eastwards from the Rift
valley. Below the phonolites are series of sediments (upper Athi), which is underlain by
lower Athi series. Below the lower Athi are the Kapiti Phonolites lying on the oldest rock in
the country – the basement rocks, old metamorphic rocks of sedimentary origin. The soils
are described as poorly drained, dark grey to black half ripe clay in most of the province.
There are few pockets of red soil to the west of Nairobi.
Soil samples collected from the site were four in number, with a good indication of the site
plot. Analysis indicates a base nature of the soils and negative hydrocarbons presence in the
soil which makes it ideally perfect for a petrol station use. Attached find soil sample reports
25
4.2.3 Water resources
The water to be used on the site will be mainly from Nairobi Water Company and any
alternatives within the community. Baseline on surface water analysis wasn’t possible as
none exists above ground currently. On the ground water conditions, the area closest
borehole or shallow water well is in Ruai high which is approximately 10 kilometers from
site.
Based on earlier studies by Eng. Mwangi Lawrence of Losai Management Limited his study
shows concludes that aquifers in Ruai are within the weathered, fractured and decomposed
lavas. At the contacts of different lava flows and contact of lavas with basement rocks. Athi
Series that is composed of sediments and tuffs form the main aquifers in the project area.
The Nairobi groundwater basin extends from the zone of north south Rift faulting to the
west of the City (with an average elevation of about 2,400m asl) towards the Athi River
flood plains (with an elevation of 1,500m asl) east of the City Centre. The volcanic rocks
show wide variation of porosity and permeability and have developed aquifer units
separated by lower permeability strata. The aquifers mainly consist of the Kerichwa Valley
Series and Upper Athi Series (transmissivity of 5-50M3/day and low storability). The
extension of this multi-layered aquifer system is estimated from many boreholes to depths
of 100-350 meters below ground level composed of tuffs and sediments.
As such the project site is characterized by a low soil depth, which has been evidenced by
the emerging quarries in the area. And as also evidenced by the soil structure profile which
was left open during the construction of the Eastern Bypass road . From these feature
water percolation to the ground is highly limited and the no present borehole within site,
from which samples of underground water could be collected for analysis.
4.2.4 Human influence and pollution
The areas surrounding the site is occupied by grassland vegetation, however houses
development can be seen coming up across the stretch of the road. Currently this does not
influence the surroundings in terms of pollution. There are deposits or lay about debris
26
around the site as a result of human activities whose interaction with the project site
remotely.
4.3 Social-economic environment
4.3.1 Density
According to the physical planning by laws which affect this area, the plot coverage is 50%
and a plot ratio of 75%. The designed development meets these criteria.
4.3.2 Water and sanitation
The site area will seek to have access to Nairobi Water Company, water supply and the
sewerage connection as well. However the proponent will in the will develop water
purification mechanism such as the oil receptors to make sure that the level of
contamination in the effluents are at desirable level before drainage into the NWC
sewerage mains. In this regard the proponent intends to develop proper sanitation.
4.3.3 Energy sources
The site is well serve with hydro electricity which will be the main source of energy in the
project area. A three phase power line runs along the site and power supply is reliable.
4.3.4 Traffic
The increased in number of housing units, as people settle further from the central business
district and the ever busy Eastern Bypass link road. This is the premise that the proponent
anticipates will create the demand for more fueling points. Adequate care in design has
been taken to ensure that vehicles accelerate smoothly to and from the site. Sight lines to
and from the site have been pronounced highly to ensure view is good and there are no
accidents due to poor view of moving vehicles.
27
5.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
5.1 Neighborhood Participation
During the project report and study report preparation, public participation was included.
General interviews, participatory research and structured questionnaires. Questionnaires
were issued to the neighbors in the near and distant neighborhood and they were assisted
in filling them by an office assistant. The local leaders in Ruai were identified through the
office of the Ruai Chief, Mr. Kithome and their advice and views were incorporated. In
general there is no opposition to the project and the majority of the respondents
considered the project to be of economic benefit. Samples of the administered
questionnaires are attached in the appendix pages.
5.2 Pre – Construction Participation.
The local planning guidelines by the Local Authority which include the building code,
physical planning act, the Residents and other Stakeholders in the industry were taken to
consideration. Eventually the Architect finalized the building plans and has launched them
for approval with County government.
5.3 Post – Construction Participation
Regular briefing of the progress will be made to Local Authorities, and interested
Stakeholders. Every care will be taken as per the Environmental Action Plan. The
decommissioning plan will also be followed to the letter.
28
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS AND IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION AND PREDICTION
6.1 Positive impacts
This project has the overall goal of fulfilling the objectives of the Kenya’s Sessional paper
No. 2 of 1996 on industrial transformation to the year 2020. It promotes sound
microeconomic management, export-oriented industrialization, and flexible factor markets,
accommodation of entrepreneurs and foreign investors and access to growing markets.
It will achieve the following objectives;
(i) facilitate realization of the right to freely invest;
(ii) Contribute to the improvement of infrastructure facilities in the area;
(iii) Contribute in poverty alleviation by creating employment through employment;
(iv) Mobilizes resources and strengthens capacity building in order to facilitate
increased investment in the oil industry and Promote inclusive participation of
the private sector, public sector, and other development partners in planning,
development and management of petrol stations
(v) Conservation of the Environment and ensuring its sustainability
The specific positive impacts include the following:
a) Improved petrol station design that use high quality materials designs and
technology results to improved modern petrol stations.
b) Increased formal and informal employment. One of the project inputs is
labour both skilled and unskilled. This input creates opportunity for creation
of employment.
c) Redevelopment
The project will contribute in better utilization of the land;
d) Improved land values and aesthetics
e) Capital appreciation
29
6.2 IMPACTS ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
i. Water Pollution
Construction debris and loose soil particles can find their way into the surface water
drainages and then carried into the natural water causes. Consequently oil spillage and
linkage during the operation stage can find their way into the existing water drainage
systems. Hence careless handling of oils during the site preparation stage and the operation
stage can result into underground or surface water pollution.
Hence leakage from tanks, accidental spills and poor water management are potential
avenues for water pollution
ii. Increased fire risks
The proponent will be handling high inflammable products which can cause serious fire
accidents. This may arise from improper fire preventive and control measure. However the
frequency of occurrence can be minimized by taking the right precautionary fire emergency
measures.
iii. Safety and Obstruction
The safety of the workers and the by passers can be compromised both during the
construction and operational stages. Other machines on site like mixers, graders and
vibraters can cause accidents. Falling construction materials and debris are other sources of
industrial accidents. Improper, in appropriate use, lack of skills and technical know how of
these machines can as well cause accidents.
iv. Soil contamination
The soils on and around the site can easily be contaminated through introduction of
chemical like cement, paints, metal chips and of other construction materials. Oil spills and
linkages can also contaminate the soil and change its chemical composition or the soil PH.
30
v. Loss of Natural vegetation
Landscaping, excavations and the entire site preparation exercise can lead to the
disappearance of the surface vegetation cover. Dumping of soil and preparation of material
assemblage site can lead to the loss of the natural top vegetation cover which might be
difficult to recover or regenerate.
vi. Traffic congestion
As the new proposed use becomes effective, a variety of customers and other service
seekers will be attracted to the site. This will bring in both Lorries and private cars. Given
that some of the expected vehicles are heavy and long, they might take time to maneuver
and therefore cause traffic congestion. However the petrol service station has enough space
to handle the traffic and a traffic management officer will be onsite as need arises.
vii. Air Pollution
Smoke emission from the machines and vehicles and dust during construction can easily
affect the quality of air around the project site. Dust particles are potential causes of air
pollution.
viii. Public health deterioration
This can be as a result of indirect effects of both water, soil and air pollutions. Water borne
and air borne diseases can be realized over a long period of accumulation of the chemical
substance in air, soil and water.
ix. Increased waste production
Both solid and liquid waste will be generated from the project at the construction and
operation stage. Waste metal particles, chemicals, oil spills and linkages, remains of
construction materials, food wrappings and food remains are all foreign materials and
substances that will be introduced at the site.
x. Noise pollution
Human beings and both heavy and right machines are sources of noise. This can be
experienced both at the construction and operational stage.
6.3 Impact to Human Environment
This project will have the following impacts considered negative to the human
environment;
31
i) Public health and occupational effects
Workers on site are bound to get exposed to various hazards of care is not
exercised. Such hazards include poor sanitation, solid waste management, Noise to
the neighborhood, on site accidents and unhygienic food. There will be good care
and management as indicated in the mitigation.
ii) Increased traffic
Site operations such as delivery of materials, visitors’ arrival and the staff movement
will result to increased traffic at the access point. This is however to occur only
during the construction period of the project but in a predictable manner.
iii) Increased demand for infrastructural services
With increased storm water, introduced car wash, oil discharge, and energy
requirements, there will be a pro-rata increase in the demand for infrastructure
services requirement namely, water, electricity, sewer line, storm drain and
telephone facilities.
The site is with short distance from similar higher capacity facilities and the project
implementation includes upgrading of these services too.
iv) Impacts of oil pollution
The servicing of motor vehicles will produce used oil as one of the waste products.
There is need to harness the used oil before it gets to the neighbouring
environment. Car washing is also related to use of detergents which also need to be
harnessed before getting to the drainage system
32
Table : Impact, type, nature and stage
Environmental
Impacts
Positive/
Negative
Direct/
Indirect
Temporary
/
Permanent
Major/
Minor
Occurrence stage
Construction Opera
t
i
o
n
Increased
employment
opportunities
Positive Direct Permanent Major √ √
Provision of
services (supply
for fuel to locals
and beyond
Positive Direct Permanent Major √ √
Improved
security
Positive Direct Permanent Major √ √
Improved
aesthetic value
Positive Indirect Permanent Minor √
Revenue
generation
Positive Direct Permanent Major √ √
Underground/sur
face water
pollution
Negative Direct/
Indirect
Permanent Major √ √
Increased fire
risks
Negative Direct Permanent Major √ √
Provision for
parking facilities
Positive Direct Permanent Major √
Safety and
obstruction
Negative Indirect Permanent Major √ √
33
Enhanced
drainage
Positive Direct Permanent Minor √
Visual
obstruction
Negative Direct Permanent Major √ √
Soil
contamination
Negative Direct/
Indirect
Permanent Major √ √
Loss of natural
vegetation
Negative Direct Temporary Minor √
Traffic
congestion
Negative Direct Permanent Major √ √
Air pollution Negative Direct Permanent Major √ √
Increase in waste
production
Negative Direct Temporary Major √ √
Noise pollution Negative Direct Permanent Major √ √
6.4 Mitigation Measures
6.4.1 Positive impacts
The positive impacts are beneficial and will thus not require any mitigation. However the
management and monitoring plan shall ensure their sustainability.
6.4.2 Impacts on the Environment
The project proponents shall institute mechanisms to reduce impacts on the environment in
the following manner.
6.4.2.1 Loss of vegetation cover
Through appropriate landscaping program, both hard and soft, lost fauna will be
covered up in an acceptable manner. Although greenly will be minimal due to the
nature of this development, where possible adequate vegetation will be provided.
Most of the grounds will however be concrete paved. On the road reserve land
between the parcel and existing actual carriage way, good vegetative landscaping
will be done.
34
6.4.2.2 Air dust and Noise
As a counter action to occupational health, the staff will be provided with dust mask
during the work. There also will be;
a) Controlled speed and operation of construction vehicles
b) Frequent maintenance of construction plant and equipment
c) Construction activities to be restricted to daytime.
d) Provide hoarding around site boundaries to provide buffers against
noise propagation.
e) Erect a shade net wall all round the areas under construction to
buffer dust and falling objects for the neighborhood.
6.4.2.3 Micro – climate variability
The design adheres to both requisite plot coverage and plot ratio in accordance to
Nairobi city council building by law and building code. It also adheres to the
petroleum industry practice guidelines. Thus the reduction in vegetative ground
cover is within the provisions of the law.
6.4.2.4 Change of and use
Change of use for the property has been applied for and the process is ongoing. This
will be carried in a participatory manner to involve the public.
6.4.2.5 Impacts on Human Environment
The project proponents shall institute the following mechanism in order to mitigate
impacts on the human environment.
Public health and occupational safety
The factories Act Cap 514 will form the basis for the mitigation of the public health
and occupational safety impacts. It will be mandatory that any accident on site is
well documented and reported.
There will be regular supervision by senior trained managers and proper solid waste
disposal policy in the development. On issues related to water use, the development
will ensure effective waste water and effluent management. All waste water and oils
from the site will be required to pass through an interceptor before getting to the
council drains.
35
7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.1 Management issues
Good Environmental management practices in the entire construction phase will be
evidence of the proponent’s commitment to the preservation of the environment.
The various processes from the pre-construction stage to the De-commissioning stage
should reflect an increasingly synergetic relationship between them with the goal of
creating a sustainable environment.
The management issues of the project will focus on immediate actions, medium – term and
long – term priorities. Immediate actions will deter disasters while medium-term focus will
develop and improve commitment skills in forging consensus on emerging environmental
problems and development instruments for correction.
In the long-term, the management issue will focus on emerging environmental issues as a
result of the petrol station and its operation procedures.
7.2 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing
The environmental monitoring and auditing of the project is represented in the format of a
table as shown below:
Environmental
issue/concern
Standard
guideline
Management and mitigation Monitoring
activity and time
frame
Responsibility Approximate
cost
1.0 CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Employment Labor laws Introduction of workers welfare
groups
Training and re-training in new
technologies
Sensitization on the job markets
Workers improvement scheme
Personal imitative
Annual
- Management
-Employed
personnel
initiative
-To be
calculated as
need arises
Improved
security
- Provision of security at all the
times by security guides.
Ensure adequate lighting within
and around the premises.
Regular checks and
maintenance of security lights
Continuous
-Contractor (at
construction
stage)
- Proponent (at
operation stage
20,000
37
Improved
aesthetic value
- Design and landscaping for
flower beds.
Preparation of the flower and
ornamental tree beds.
Planting of appropriate flowers
and trees.
Employ a flower gardener to
keep and maintain the flowers
and trees.
Continuous
-Contractor
(design stage)
-Proponent
operational stage
100,000
Revenue
generation
-Local
Government
Act
- Lands Act
Regular payment of employees
Regular renewal of licenses
Regular payment of land rent
and rates.
- Monthly
- annual
-Contractor ( at
constructors
stage)
- Proponent (at
operational stage)
Varies with
existing
regulations
Water and soil
contamination
-Water Act,
EMCA, Water
quality and
regulation -
EMCA
Safety and emergence response
plan to be developed with
emphasis on protection of
environment.
No uncontrolled discharges
Pretreatment of effluents
Daily spot
checks
-Contractor (at
construction
stage)
-Supervising
engineer
-Proponent
Inclusive of
daily contracted
and operational
cost.
38
before joining the mains (management of
operational stage
Increased fire
and safety risks
-Public health
Act
- Factories and
other places of
work Act.
-Local
Government
Act
-Councils by-
laws
Place fire extinguisher at
conspicuous sites.
All emergency fire exists to be
clearly marked
Ensure safety warnings are
conspicuously displayed (No
smoking, Inflammable
substances etc)
Provide and enforce the use of
personal protective equipment
Ensure that operational and
adequate fire extinguishers are
on site
Install fire alarms
Maintain an accident register at
the premises.
Daily spot check - Contractor
- Supervising
engineer
- Proponent
-No additional
cost
Safety and
obstruction
Traffic Act Movement of construction
vehicles timed to operate
- Daily checks - Contractor
- Supervising
No additional
cost
39
during off-peak hours
Observe and comply with
traffic regulations and other by-
laws
Contracts to peak and
implement a traffic
management plan.
Provides of the necessary road
signs and cautions
engineer
- Proponent (at
operational stage)
Air and Noise
pollution
EMCA Notify residents prior to project
commencement
The workers shall be trained on
the management of air
pollution from vehicles and
machines.
Machines and vehicles to be
serviced and maintained as per
the manufactures specifications
Vehicles delivering soil
materials shall be covered to
-Daily checks
- Monitor and
register
complaints
-Contractor
-Engineer
-Management
40
reduce dust
Dust generating activities
(excavations) will not be carried
out during times of strong
winds
Frequent watering of the site to
reduce dust
Stand by generator rooms to re-
enforced with sound proof
materials
Public health
deterioration
- Public health
Act
- Factories and
other places of
work Act
Develop a site health and safety
plan detailing, safety
procedures, restricted sites.
A sign personal responsible for
safety standards and
precautions
Provision of safety protective
equipments
Qualified personnel to
supervise and enforce safety
-Daily checks
- Monitor and
register
complaints
- Contractor
-Proponent/
management
Plastic health
41
standards
Recording of all incidences in
the accident registrar and
appropriate action taken
Near—miss risks and accidents
to be reported to avoid eminent
problems.
The contractor and proponent
shall take an active role in
HIV/AIDS sensitization of the
workers and the community
Production of
waste
Water Act;
EMCA;
Agriculture Act
Comply with the requirements
of the Environmental
Management (Waste
Management) Regulations;
Develop a solid waste
management plan prior to
project commencing,
identifying optimal waste re-use
options and disposal areas;
Daily spot
checks
-Contractor
-Supervising
-Engineer
No additional
cost
42
Waste should not be burned on
site or dumped in undesignated
waste disposal areas;
Minimize waste production by
utilizing best available
techniques to site preparation;
Clearly designate and construct
an appropriate waste collection
facility or provide covered
refuse skips.
Re-use construction waste to
the maximum extent possible.
Proper handling and storage
procures for hazardous wastes
e.g. fuel oil should be stored in
areas with hard standing and
containment to handle spills.
Energy utilization Develop an energy
management plan
- Determine
energy
Contractors;
Supervising
No additional
cost
43
Construction machinery and
vehicles should be maintained
and used in accordance with
manufacturer’s specifications,
to maximize efficiency and
lower use of energy;
Construction workers should be
sensitized on the importance of
energy management
Install energy saving devices
Institute alternative sources of
energy e.g. solar panels
consumption as
per set targets
- Documenting
consumption
levels and
reporting on
any
irregularities
Engineer
Water utilization
Water
wastage;
Increase in
project costs
EMCA, Building
Code
Monitor water consumption
and utilization
Sensitize construction workers
on the importance of proper
water management.
Develop alternative sources,
e.g. rain harvesting.
- Record and
document
water
consumption;
- Report on any
irregularities
Contractors;
Supervising
Engineer
No additional
cost
44
2. OPERATIONS STAGE
Spillage and leakage
of product due to
poor dispensing
practice
Training of staff Daily Proponent Kshs. 300,000
Leakage of tanks
and product lines
EMCA,PIEA Insurance against the
consequences of a spill
contaminating
groundwater or soil;
Monitor daily
reconciliation of wet stock
and inventory records
In case of suspect losses,
institute tank and line
integrity testing; and
Conduct a soil gas survey
to check the extent of
contamination from the
leaks.
“As soon as the
operations starts”
Proponent “To be
determined”
45
Waste water and
waste oil
management
practices
EMCA Carefully collect used oil in
drums and dispose of by
licensed refuse contractor;
Adhere to wastewater
management regulation of
the legal Notice 121 and
Water quality regulations
of the Legal Notice 120;
Conduct wastewater
monitoring to check
compliance on monthly
basis and submit the
results to NEMA District
Office for immediate
approval of the station
operations;
Document and train staff
in the emergency spill
response plan
Monthly Proponent Kshs. 100,000
Solid waste EMCA Comply with the Monitoring the Proponent Kshs. 100,000
46
generation and
disposal; (littering,
soil and surface
water pollution)
requirements of the
Environmental
Management (Waste
Management) Regulations
Legal Notice 120;
Prepare a waste
management plan;
Stop deposition of waste
in open pits;
Clearly designate and
construct an appropriate
waste collection facility or
provide covered refuse
skips
Segregate waste at
source;
Monitor waste volumes
Identify Licensed waste
disposal contractor to
remove from site and
performance and
certification of the
contracted solid
waste handler
47
monitor performance
Carefully collect used oil in
drums and dispose of by
licensed refuse contractor
Fire and accident Local authority
by-laws.
Provision and placement
of appropriate fire
extinguishers and training
of personnel to handle
emergency situations.
Provision of fully equipped
First Aid box on site at all
times;
Display warning signs at
suitable locations
Prohibit unauthorized
persons at the station
Weather proof fittings for
all lighting and power
points located outside the
Immediate Proponent “To be
determined
upon
operations”
48
fuel station.
Air pollution EMCA Ensure that the generators
are maintained to
manufactures
specifications, records
maintained and availed
whenever, there is need;
Ensure that tank vents are
located away from
sensitive receptors
Conduct solvent vapor
monitoring
Annual Proponent Ksh.50,000
Additional demand
for electricity
supply; Numerous
power shortages
EMCA Develop an energy
management plan
Develop
consumption
trends.
Proponent No additional
Increased waste
water (sewage)
Surface and
groundwater
Monitoring the
performance of
sewer lines,
septic tanks and
Maintenance of
constructed sewer and
wastewater handling
systems.
Regular
monitoring of the
septic tanks.
Proponent “To be
determined
upon
operations”
49
pollution soak pits
Socio-economic
activities
Increase in human
population and
activity in the area
EMCA
Physical
Planning Act
Adhere to Local Authority
regulation on provision of
public utilities
Condition of the
area public utilities
after
commissioning
and operation.
Proponent No additional
Facility
maintenance and
monitoring:
Misuse and run
down of facilities
Local
Government by
laws; Building
Code
Checking and regulating
performance of the
installed structures and
services to ensure the
facility operates as per the
intended building design.
Operation of
structures and
services.
Proponent Kshs. 100,000
Anticipated
risk/impact
EMCA Notification of intent to all
other relevant regulatory
agencies.
Consulting with relevant
consultants such as
architects, physical
planners, engineers and
environmentalists in abide
Performance of
the development
Property owner
50
to ascertain guidelines,
anticipated de-
commissioning impacts
and mitigation measures
7.3 Pre-Construction Plan
This stage lays the base for the implementation of the project and the project performance
best rely on how issues are accomplished at this stage.
The pre-construction stage shall ensure the following issues are thus accomplished;
a) The environmental study
b) Change of use is approved
c) Building plans are prepared and approved
d) Construction technology and procedures are agreed upon
e) Site beacons are confirmed
f) Supply of services required during constructions
g) Erection of site offices and toilets
h) Application for connection to NWC water and sewerage mains
i) Ensure all licenses are paid for, which include, hoarding, water and bill
boards.
7.4 During Construction Plan
Management issues during construction shall focus on impacts occurring due to activities
during constructions. Such may be impacts towards the environment and to the Human
beings.
Throughout the construction period there will be strict adherence to all mitigation
described in the above chapter.
In a nutshell the following will be the guideline of the management plan during the
construction stage.
a) Working hours shall be from 8.00 to 5.00 pm with one hour lunch break.
b) Materials shall be delivered during the working hours only.
c) Frequent watering of loose grounds to reduce dust. Protective netting will
also be pitched to secure falling objects and shield neighbours privacy.
52
d) If temporary pit latrines shall be constructed, they shall be frequently
cleaned and exhausted on time when filled up. Biodegrading and digestive
chemical shall be injected into the latrines.
e) The work plan complied by the developer shall be adhered to ensure on time
completion of the project.
f) Removal of the debris from the site shall be frequent and no accumulation
will be allowed.
g) All services requiring upgrading will be constructed alongside the project
implementation.
h) Regular supervision by the authorities will be adhered to. Such authorities
include the NCC, Ministry of work and NEMA.
i) Waste generation shall be well managed through provision of dustbins,
where waste from workers like food and food wrappers will be gathered in
the bins for NCC disposal
7.5 Post-Construction Plan
The post construction action plan will cement the foundation for Environmental monitoring
and auditing. It is also the predecessor to the decommissioning plan.
GULF ENERGY LIMITED will be the lead company in the management of this development
with the petrol station managers.
The organization of management chart described below of Environmental monitoring and
auditing describes the interrelationship of the various stake holders.
The environmental monitoring and auditing will be conducted to ensure that the
anticipated project impacts and predictions are maintained within the planning engineering
and environmentally acceptable limits.
Monitoring and auditing will involve the following subjects;
i. Persons using this development.
ii. Continuous use of infrastructure and services.
iii. Maintenance of facilities and services.
iv. Capacity of waste management
53
v. Rate of motor vehicle increase in the development
vi. Public outcry, complaints and conflicts
vii. Involvement of interested parties
viii. Insecurity in the area
ix. Traffic congestion
x. Operation activities within the site
7.6 Environmental Safety and Health
The staff, workers and equipment operators will be issued with personal protective
equipment such a Helmets, goggles, gloves, overall suits, dust mast and also noise buffers
for compressor operators.
The staff welfare will be taken into account through:
Provision of First Aid Kits
Training Staff on first aid and accidents skill
Recording every accident and incident that occur
Constitute a staff welfare committee to attend to complains.
Educate workers on food hygiene and safety
Have a canteen for lunch
Ensure workers duration of working is respected and necessary lunch break
observed
Erect warning sign conspicuously in the compound
Promoting personal hygiene
Promoting Aids and HIV awareness
7.7 Decommissioning Phase
In addition to the mitigation measures and the environmental management plan outlined
for the project, it is prudent that additional mitigation/control measures are undertaken
once all operational life and activities of the project implementation have ceased.
54
This decommissioning phase is also best referred to as the closure phrase of a project and
involves the outlining of objectives, mitigation measure, Resource and personnel allocation,
timeframe and also cost apportioning. These will ensure that the closure of a project leaves
the environment in a sustainable state.
This is represented in an action plan table below; it will be noted that the cost column may
vary depending on the time frame between the commissioning and the decommissioning
stage. The bigger the time difference the higher the cost will be.
Project Decommissioning Action Plan
Objective/Recommended Mitigation Measure Recourse/Perso
nnel
Time Frame Cost
1. Demolition Waste management
a) All building materials, machinery, tolls and
equipments not being used for other purposes must
be disposed to the contractors yard, recycled and
reused as much as possible
Contractor/
proponent
Immediately -
b) Disposal of waste should be to an approved
dumping site and method applicable.
Contractor/
proponent
Immediately -
c) Where possible biomass waster such as wood fuel
could be donated to charitable organization,
individuals and organization
Contractor Immediately NIL
2. Project Site Rehabilitation
a) Initiate an landscape maintenance program that
will revitalize the site vegetation better than was
before
Contractor/
proponent
Continuous -
b) Encourage use of indigenous species of vegetation
for landscaping
Contractor/
proponent
Continuous 200,000.
00
c) Provide a landscape design respective of space
usage, view, shade and privacy protection
Contractor/pro
ponent
Immediately 150,000.
00
55
d) Regular repairing of periphery wall Proponent Progressive/ long-
term
200,000.
00
56
8.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
8.1 Conclusion
8.1.1 Bio-physical
The impacts of the proposed project are in overall having a positive contribution to the
overall project and the nation at large. There will be increased supply in petroleum outlets
to sustain increasing motor vehicles. The government will also gain more tax fee from the
petrol station operator
This study gives attention to all identified baseline aspects and has demonstrated the
proponents commitment and capability to execute all the mitigation measures pointed out,
and the decommission phase.
8.1.2 Ecological
The project site does not have ecological habitats critical to endanger the flora and fauna.
The project activities except for the turning of soils have no effect on the underground
water resources. The existing river frontage will be well landscaped and selectively
canalized.
8.1.3 Socio-economic
The implementation of the project will create short term employment to the workers and
this is a contribution to the peoples well being. Further the proponent has a permanent
staff since his will be developing many stations in the country. During operations the station
will create more employment.
8.2 Recommendations
It is recommended that the project has in the overall a positive impact and should thus
proceed. However the proponents must ensure all the mitigation measures are performed
as required. The proponent will also be required to put in place a monitoring program,
which he shall transfer to the petrol station management.
57
8.2 Areas of Further Studies
Kenya’s Sessional paper No. 2 of 1996 on industrial transformation to the year 2020
identifies various industrial development initiatives. Among them is the growth center
policy.
This study recommends that further studies be undertaken in regard to regional distribution
of similar establishment like this petrol station.
This study having not been exhaustive on the many areas of petrol stations is an eye opener
to area of further studies. Such areas include:
a) Improving planning, design, construction, maintenance and rehabilitation of
petrol stations.
b) Strengthening of fiscal and financial management capacity at all levels, so as to
fully develop the sources of revenue.
58
9.0 REFERENCES
1. Kenya gazette supplement Acts 2000, Environmental Management and Coordination
Act No. 8 of 1999. government printer, in Nairobi
2. Kenya gazette supplement Acts physical planning Act, 1999. Government printer, in
Nairobi.
3. Kenya gazette supplement No. 56. Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit
Regulations 2003. Government printer, Nairobi.
4. Kenya gazette supplement Acts local authority Act (cap 265). Government printer,
Nairobi
5. Exploratory Soil Map and Agro-Climate Zone Map of Kenya, 1980, Scale 1:1 by
Sombroek W. G., Braun H. M. M. and Van der Pouw B. J. A., 1982
6. The Making of a Framework Environmental Law in Kenya, by ACTS press, UNEP-ACTS,
2001
7. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook Volume I (Policies, procedures, and cross-
sectoral issues), Volume II ( sectoral guidelines) Volume III (guidelines for
Environmental assessment of energy and industry projects) by, World Bank,
Washington, 1991
8. Dharani N. 2002. Field guide to common Tree & Shrubs of East Africa. Struck
Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa
9. Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act, 1999.
10. Relevant government Acts.
11. Sanitation Engineering, volume I and II, by R.S. Deshpande
59
10.0 APPENDICES
Photographs
Ownership documents
Architectural drawings
Soil analysis results
Questionnaires
Expert certificates