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Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Project Number: 40641 May 2010
PRC: Hebei Small Cities and Towns Development Demonstration Sector Project
Prepared by Nankai University
For Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County Water Supply Corporation
Small Cities and Towns Development Demonstration Pr oject
in Using of ADB Loan in Hebei Province
EIA Report of the water supply Phase II
project in Weichang county （For approval）
Construciton Unit: Weichang Manchu and Mongolian
Autonomous County Water Supply
Corporation
EIA Agency：Nankai University
：Certificate Number State of the EIA permit A word,
No.1008
Compilation Date：2009. 03
1
PREFACE ................................................................................................................. 5
1 GENERAL PROVISIONS .............................. ......................................................... 7
1.1 Compilation basis ............................. ..................................................... 7 1.1.1 National and local laws and regulations on environmental protection ............................ 7
1.1.2 Technical Specifications for Environmental Impact Assessment ..................................... 8
1.1.3 Documents of the project...................................................................................................... 9
1.2 Requirements of Asian Development Bank ........ ................................. 9 1.3 Assessment principles ......................... ................................................. 9 1.4 Assessment purposes, contents and emphases..... .......................... 10
1.4.1 Assessment purposes ........................................................................................................... 10
1.4.2 Assessment contents ............................................................................................................ 11
1.4.3 Assessment emphases ......................................................................................................... 12
1.5 Assessment range and period ................... ......................................... 12 1.6 Environmental impact factors identification and screening ............. 12
1.6.1 Environmental impact factors identification .................................................................... 12
1.6.2 Assessment factors screening ............................................................................................. 13
1.7 Assessment standards .......................... .............................................. 14 1.7.1 Environmental quality standards ...................................................................................... 14
1.7.2 Discharge standards ........................................................................................................... 15
1.8 Assessment grade .............................. ................................................. 17 1.9 Environmental protection objectives and environ mental sensitive site 17
1.9.1 Water environment ............................................................................................................. 17
1.9.2 Atmospheric environment .................................................................................................. 17
1.9.3 Acoustic environment ......................................................................................................... 17
1.9.4 Ecological environment ...................................................................................................... 18
1.9.5 Population health ................................................................................................................ 18
1.9.6 Environmental sensitive site ............................................................................................... 18
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS AND PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCH EMES ....... 18
2.1 Descriptions of project ....................... ................................................. 18 2.1.1 Project name ........................................................................................................................ 18
2.1.2 Construction character ....................................................................................................... 18
2.1.3 Construction location ......................................................................................................... 18
2.1.4 Construction scale ............................................................................................................... 19
2.1.5 Project investment and economic indicators .................................................................... 19
2.1.6 Personnel posts .................................................................................................................... 19
2.2 construction contents and design scheme........ ................................ 20 2.3 Public works and ancillary works .............. ......................................... 23
2.3.1 Electrical design .................................................................................................................. 23
2.3.2 Heating ................................................................................................................................. 24
2.4 Construction schedule ......................... ............................................... 24
3 ENGINEERING ANALYSIS ............................ ..................................................... 25
2
3.1 Compliance of project and local planning ...... ................................... 25 3.2 Compliance of project and industrial policy ... ................................... 26 3.3 Necessity of project .......................... ................................................... 26
3.3.1 Present situation of water resource utilization and problems ......................................... 26
3.3.2 Water supply situation and existing problems in Weichang County ............................. 27
3.3.3 Necessity of construction project ....................................................................................... 28
3.4 Analysis of pollution sources of project ...... ...................................... 30 3.4.1 Analysis of pollution sources during construction period ............................................... 30
3.4.2 Analysis of pollution sources during operation period .................................................... 32
4 NATURAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT INVESTIGATION IN P ROJECT AREAS ............................................. ...................................................................... 32
4.1 Natural environment Investigation ............. ........................................ 32 4.1.1 Geographical position ......................................................................................................... 32
4.1.2 Topography and geomorphology ....................................................................................... 33
4.1.3 Climate ................................................................................................................................. 33
4.1.4 River system and hydrogeology ......................................................................................... 34
4.1.5 Seismic intensity .................................................................................................................. 35
4.1.6 Soil vegetation ..................................................................................................................... 36
4.2 Social and economy development condition ...... ............................... 36 4.2.1 Location advantage and characteristic resources ............................................................ 36
4.2.2 Social economy condition ................................................................................................... 37
4.2.3 Development plan ............................................................................................................... 38
5 INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF PRESENT ENVIRONME NTAL QUALITY ........................................... ..................................................................... 39
5.1 Ambient air quality situation ................. .............................................. 39 5.1.1 Assessment standards ......................................................................................................... 39
5.1.2 Monitoring results............................................................................................................... 39
5.1.3 Evaluation conclusions ....................................................................................................... 39
5.2 Surface water quality situation ............... ............................................ 39 5.2.1 Assessment standards and methods .................................................................................. 39
5.2.2 Monitoring and evaluation results..................................................................................... 41
5.3 Status of Underground Water Quality ........... ..................................... 41 5.4 Status of acoustic environmental quality ...... .................................... 44 5.5 Analysis of status of ecological environment .. ................................. 44
6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT .... ....................... 45
6.1 Environmental impact assessment during construc tion period ...... 45 6.1.1 Construction dust ................................................................................................................ 46
6.1.2 Acoustic environmental impact prediction and assessment ............................................ 47
6.1.3 Water environmental impact assessment ......................................................................... 50
6.1.4 Solid waste ........................................................................................................................... 50
6.1.5 Construction impact on traffic .......................................................................................... 51
6.1.6 Land resource and ecological environment impact ......................................................... 52
6.1.7 Analysis of population health impact ................................................................................ 53
3
6.2 Environmental impact assessment during operatio n period............ 53 6.2.1 Impact of water intake on the underground water resource of this area ...................... 53
6.2.2 Impact of the extracting water of the other water consumers ........................................ 56
6.2.3 Impact of noise in water purification plant ...................................................................... 56
6.2.4 Impact of waste water in water purification plant ........................................................... 58
6.2.5 Impact of sludge in water purification plant .................................................................... 59
6.2.6 Effects of canteen on the atmospheric environment in office building........................... 60
6.2.7 Risk analysis of water purification plant accident ........................................................... 60
6.2.8 Potential pollution and protection of the water supply source ....................................... 63
7 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION MEASURES ...................................................... 65
7.1 Environment protection measures during the cons truction period . 65 7.1.1 Fugitive dust prevention and control measures ............................................................... 65
7.1.2 Domestic sewage treatment measures ............................................................................... 66
7.1.3 Noise prevention and control measures during construction period .............................. 66
7.1.4 Solid waste treatment and disposal measures .................................................................. 67
7.1.5 Population health protection measures ............................................................................. 67
7.1.6 Land resource and ecological environment protection .................................................... 68
7.2 Pollution protection measures during operation period ................... 68 7.2.1 Groundwater resource protection ..................................................................................... 68
7.2.2 Protection of water distribution network ......................................................................... 70
7.2.3 Health protection measures for wastewater treatment plant .......................................... 71
7.2.4 Noise pollution prevention and control measures for wastewater treatment plant ...... 72
7.2.5 Sludge pollution prevention and control measures of wastewater treatment plant ...... 72
7.2.6 Accident environment risk prevention and control measures of wastewater treatment
plant .............................................................................................................................................. 73
8 CLEANER PRODUCTION ANALYSIS AND TOTAL CAPACITY CO NTROL ..... 75
8.1 Material cleaning analysis .................... ............................................... 75 8.2 Resource consumption .......................... ............................................. 75 8.3 Energy management and energy-saving measures in the project ... 76
8.3.1 Energy management ........................................................................................................... 76
8.3.2 Energy-saving measures ..................................................................................................... 76
8.4 Production and disposal of contamination in the project ................. 78 8.5 Total amount control analysis ................. ........................................... 78
9 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ANALYSIS ................... ............................................. 79
9.1 Purpose and meaning of public participation ... ................................. 79 9.2 Models of public participation ................ ............................................ 81
9.2.1 Survey principles................................................................................................................. 81
9.2.2 Survey methods ................................................................................................................... 81
9.3 Public on internet ............................ .................................................... 82 9.3.1 First information publicity ................................................................................................. 82
9.3.2 Second information publicity ............................................................................................. 82
9.4 Public survey ................................. ...................................................... 83 9.4.1 Forms and content of survey .............................................................................................. 83
4
9.4.2 Results of public survey ...................................................................................................... 85
9.4.3 Analysis of the public survey ............................................................................................. 87
9.4.4 Public suggestions and requirements on environment protection .................................. 87
9.4.5 Further public participation plan ...................................................................................... 88
10. ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIC PROFIT AND LOSS ANALYSIS ................... 89
10.1 Analysis of social and economic benefits ..... .................................. 89 10.1.1 Project investment and fund raising and financial guarantee ...................................... 89
10.1.2 Social economic benefits of the project ........................................................................... 90
10.2 Environmental benefits analysis .............. ........................................ 91 10.2.1 Environmental benefits .................................................................................................... 91
10.2.2 The environmental protection investment estimation ................................................... 92
11 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ... ................... 93
11.1 Purposes of environmental management and monit oring ............. 93 11.2 Monitoring during construction period ........ .................................... 94
11.2.1 Atmospheric environment monitoring ............................................................................ 94
11.2.2 Noise monitoring ............................................................................................................... 94
11.2.3 Construction waste water and sewage monitoring......................................................... 94
11.3 Environmental monitoring during operation period ........................................................ 95
11.3.1 Underground water monitoring ...................................................................................... 95
11.3.2 Noise monitoring ............................................................................................................... 95
11.3.3 Sewage drainage monitoring ............................................................................................ 95
11.5 Environmental supervision and audit during con struction period 96 11.6 Environmental management plan ................ ..................................... 97
12 EVALUATION CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ......... .......................... 100
12.1 Evaluation conclusions ....................... ............................................ 100 12.1.1 Descriptions of project .................... ............................................. 100
12.1.2 Compliance of planning and industrial policy .............................................................. 101
12.1.3 Conclusions of environmental status ............................................................................. 101
12.1.4 Environment impact assessment conclusions during construction period ................ 101
12.1.5 Environment impact assessment conclusions during operation period ..................... 103
12.1.6 Conclusions of environmental impact assessment during operation period .............. 106
12.1.7 Social, economic and environmental benefits ............................................................... 106
12.1.7 Public participation ........................................................................................................ 107
12.1.8 Environmental feasibility analysis of the project ......................................................... 107
12.2 Countermeasures and suggestions .............. ................................. 108
5
Preface
Chengde City Weichang Manchu Mongolian Autonomous County in
northeast of Hebei Province, is located in transition zone between the
mountains of northern Hebei Province and the Mongolian Plateau. Weichang
town is the seat of county government with an area of 9219.72 square
kilometers. The total population of Weichang County is 516,000, and about 8
million people live in the city.
Considering the current water supply situation in Weichang County,
residents in areas which have no water supply rely on water transport to solve
the problem of domestic water. Therefore, the New Urban Project and
Delivery Pipeline Project are top priorities. Weichang county party committee
and government decided to apply for loans from the ADB for Water Supply
Second Phase Project construction in Weichang County and surrounding
areas to improve the situation of water supply.
Construction scale of Water Supply Second Phase Project in Weichang
County and surrounding areas: Design of water source area should be in
accordance with the recent (2010) water supply scale -10,000 m3 / d. Design
of water pipe diameter should be in accordance with long-term (2020) water
supply scale-30,000 m3 / d, laying of the pipe in accordance with the scope of
engineering services. Main contents of construction: (1) Water Intake Project:
The newly-built water source site is 27 kilometers away from northern part of
Weichang County (in neighborhood of Dabahao Village which is in the
upstream area of the crossing made by Dahuanqi River and Yixun River). (2)
Water Pipelines: Total length of water pipelines from new water source area
to existing water plant of the county is18 km. (3) water purification plants: To
make full use of the existing water supply facilities in urban water plant
recently, reconstruct and upgrade some of the equipment on the basis of
water supply facilities in the existing water plant, including the replacement of
pumps in secondary pumping station and chlorine disinfection equipment. (4)
6
Water Distribution Network: total length of new construction and
reconstruction water supply networks is 30 km.
According to relevant provisions in “Law of the People's Republic of China
on the Environmental Impact Assessment”, Decree No.253 of the State
Council in 1998 “Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project
Environmental Protection,” Decree No. 14 of the State Environmental
Protection Administration in 2002 “Administration of Construction Project
Environmental Protection by Means of Classification Catalogue” on
construction projects in the environmental impact assessment, Water Supply
Second Phase Project in Weichang County and surrounding areas should
prepare environmental impact report. Therefore, Weichang County Water
Supply Company entrust Institute of Environmental Planning and Assessment
of Nankai University with the preparation of environmental impact assessment
report. After accepting the commission, the project team studied the relevant
documents, conducted onsite investigation, then compiled the “Environmental
Impact Report for Water Supply Second Phase Project in Weichang County
and surrounding areas ”according to the principles, methods, content and
requirements of “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact
Assessment”(HJ/T2.1~2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-95). Now submit the report the expert
group to examine.
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1 General provisions
1.1 Compilation basis
1.1.1 National and local laws and regulations on en vironmental
protection
1)Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China
2)Law of the People's Republic of China on the Environmental Impact
Assessment
3)Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental
Protection
4)Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection by Means
of Classification Catalogue
5)Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of
Atmospheric Pollution
6)Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water
Pollution
7)Law of the People's Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation
8)Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of
Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste
9)Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of
Pollution from Environmental Noise
10)Regulations for the Implementation of the law of People's Republic of
China on Water and Soil Conservation
11)Regulations of Hebei Province on Environmental Protection (putting into
effect as of May 1, 2005)
12)Regulations of Hebei Province on the Prevention and Control of
Atmospheric Pollution, adopted at the 23rd Meeting of the Standing
Committee of the 8th People's Congress of Hebei Province
13)Management Measures of Hebei Province on the Prevention and
Supervision of Environmental Pollution
8
14)Regulations of Hebei Province on the Administration of Construction
Project Environmental Protection
15)Environmental Protection Bureau of Hebei Province, Surface Water
Environmental Function Zoning in Hebei Province
16)Circular of Hebei Province Government on strengthening the work of
Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Prevention and Control of Water
Pollution (Hebei Province[2001]No.44)
17)Circular of Environmental Protection Bureau of Hebei Province on Printing
and Issuing Compilation Requirements of Technical Evaluation Report for
Construction Project Environmental Protection, issued by Office of Hebei
Environmental Protection Bureau ,No.70,2007
18)Environmental Protection Bureau of Hebei Province, Several Questions
Concerning Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection
Tentative decisions, issued by Office of Hebei Environmental Protection
Bureau ,No.65,2007
1.1.2 Technical Specifications for Environmental Im pact Assessment
1)SEPA, Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment-General
principles HJ⁄T2.1-93
2)SEPA, Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment-
Atmospheric environment HJ⁄T2.2-93
3)SEPA, Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment-Surface
water environment HJ⁄T2.3-93
4)SEPA, Technical guidelines for noise impact assessment HJ⁄T2.4-1995
5)Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment -Ecological
environment of nature resource development HJ/T19-1997
6)Regulations of Comprehensive Management Technology on Soil and Water
Conservation ～T16453.1 6-96
7)Criterion of Assessment Technology on Surface Water Quality (on trial)
8)Regulations of Environmental Impact Assessment on Construction Project
Groundwater DZ0225—2004
9
9)Asian Development Bank, Environmental Assessment Guidelines2003
10)Decision of the State Council on Implementing Scientific Development
View and Strengthening Environmental Protection
1.1.3 Documents of the project
1）Feasibility Study Report for ADB loan Hebei Small Cities and Towns
Development Demonstration Sector Project-Water Supply Second Phase
Project in Weichang County and Surrounding Areas
2)Proposal for Water Supply Second Phase Project in Weichang County and
Surrounding Areas
3)Water Resources Demonstration Report for Water Supply Second Phase
Project in Weichang County and Surrounding Areas
4)Weichang County General Plan (2000-2005) and its Statements
1.2 Requirements of Asian Development Bank
Since it is an Asian Development Bank loan project, the EIA should not
only meet the domestic environmental impact assessment requirements, but
also follow the ADB's “Environmental Assessment Guidelines”. According to
the ADB's “Environmental Assessment Guidelines”, environmental category of
the project is B.
1.3 Assessment principles
1)Meeting the requirements of the national, local environmental protection
administrative departments and departments in charge of industry concerning
construction project environmental protection, in line with China's relevant
environmental impact assessment requirements and following the ADB’s
“Environmental Assessment Guidelines”.
2)Considering the features of the proposed project and the social, economic
and environmental conditions of the areas affected by the project, focusing on
the major environmental impact and pollution factor, highlighting the impact
assessment of the key environmental protection objectives.
3)Taking discharge of major pollutants and the environmental impact into
account during the construction period, following “pollution prevention” and
10
“continuous improvement” principles, proposing pollution control measures
and recommendations.
4)Using a combination of analog research, data analysis and on-site
monitoring methods, making full use of existing information in order to save
time and shorten the evaluation cycle and adapt to the schedule of the
construction project.
5)From the perspective of environmental protection, coming to a clear
conclusion about the feasibility of the project, making the EIA concluded with
operability and validation, in order to provide a scientific basis for project
approval, design, construction and the project’s environmental management.
1.4 Assessment purposes, contents and emphases
1.4.1 Assessment purposes
The purpose of this EIA is to discuss the feasibility of the project to provide
a scientific basis for demonstration and decision-making in engineering
scheme, so as to achieve the following objectives:
1)To investigate and analyze existing conditions of natural environment, social
environment, environmental quality and current situation of water supply and
demand in project area. To demonstrate the necessity and rationality of the
project from the perspective of need, development and environmental limiting
factors.
2)To find out ecological environment problems and its harmful or beneficial
effects, the extent and scope of the impacts arising from the proposed project
during the construction and operation phases through engineering analysis of
the water intake engineering, water pipe network, water purification plants and
water distribution network and so on.
3)According to the requirements of relevant laws, regulations and technical
specifications and features of natural environment and social environment, to
propose protection measures for mitigation.
4)On the basis of investigation, monitoring and evaluation of existing
conditions of environment and pollutant sources in project area ，to predict
11
scope and extent of impact during construction phase and upon completion
of the project , demonstrate the technical feasibility and economic
reasonableness of environmental protection measures, propose pollution
control and prevention measures in order to provide a scientific basis for
environmental management decision-making and environmental protection
design ,to reduce adverse impact of construction project on surrounding
environment, to maximize the social environment benefits and harmonize
economic, social and environmental benefits.
1.4.2 Assessment contents
Contents of this EIA are as follows:
1)Analyzing the rationality of water intake and water use according to
investigation of existing conditions of environment in surrounding areas of this
project.
2)Analyzing the rationality of pipeline layout and feasibility of site selection
according to investigation of existing conditions of water source area, regions
along the pipe network and surrounding areas.
3)Predicting the impact on surface water, atmospheric, ecological, acoustic
environment during construction and operation of the proposed project.
4)Analyzing and demonstrating cleaner production of the proposed project
from advanced technology, energy saving, consumption and so on.
5)Estimating the total emissions of major pollutants, proposing total pollutant
control scheme.
6)According to the environmental quality control objectives and requirements
of environmental management in the affected region, analyzing the impact
and proposing protection measures and schemes for the mitigation of adverse
effects, demonstrating the reasonableness of environmental investment on
this project.
7)Conducting social, economic, environmental cost-benefit analysis.
8)Making environmental management and monitoring plan.
9)Public participation.
12
1.4.3 Assessment emphases
1)Analysis of water resources in assessment area;
2)Ecological environmental impact analysis of water distribution network, water
pipe network and water plant during construction phase;
3)Analysis of necessity of the project and benefit upon completion of the
project.
1.5 Assessment range and period
According to the characteristics and the environmental impact of project,
assessment areas in this project are mainly construction affected zones.
Construction affected zones include borrow and spoil areas, construction site,
traffic road and temporary living area, resettlement area, residential area
affected by construction. Evaluation period is divided into two sessions -
construction phase and operation phase, mainly to evaluate the construction
period.
1.6 Environmental impact factors identification and screening
1.6.1 Environmental impact factors identification
According to the characteristics of the proposed project and regional
environmental conditions, identify the potential environmental problems of this
project.
1)Environmental impact during construction period: from the land excavation,
soil fetching, land occupation, construction, constructors arrived at the
working site, vehicles transportation and equipment installation and so on.
Major environmental problems are construction dust, noise which has adverse
impact on traffic, residents and ecological environment. The negative impact
during construction period is temporary and short-term, which can be
mitigated or prevented by engineering measures and construction
management.
2)Environmental impact during operation period: from water intake
engineering and water purification plants. Water intake engineering mainly
influences groundwater resources; the environmental impact of water
13
purification is noise emissions and discharge of sewage sludge, and also a
certain risk of leakage of chlorine.
Table 1.1 List of identification of environmental i mpact factors
No. Phase Development behavior
Impact on the environment
Impact degree Non-
significant Possible
significant
1 Design phase
Site selection Land use
√
2 Construction phase
Water well drilling, water
plant equipment installation
water catchments,
laying of water pipelines, etc.
Acoustic environment
√
3 Ambient air
√
4 Traffic √
5 Ecological impact
√
6 Surface water
√
7 Operation phase
Waste gas emission
Ambient air
√
8 Waste water discharge
Surface water
√
9
Solid waste Secondary pollution of storage and
disposal
√
10
Noise Acoustic environment
quality of construction site
√
11 Total amount of all kinds of
pollutants
Requirements of total pollutant
control √
From table above, it is clearly that main impact of this project is associated
with construction phase.
1.6.2 Assessment factors screening
According to the characteristics of the proposed project and regional
environmental conditions and identification of environmental impact factors,
select main assessment factors as follows:
1)Atmospheric assessment factor: air particles
2)Surface water assessment factor: pH, SS, COD, BOD, Ammonia, animal
and vegetable oils
14
3)Groundwater assessment factor: pH, Chloride, Ammonia, Pb, Ar, total
coliform
4)Noise Assessment factor: Equivalent [continuous A] sound level
5)Solid waste: spoil, sludge, domestic waste
6)Ecological environment: surface vegetation
1.7 Assessment standards
1.7.1 Environmental quality standards
1)Yixun River construction section observes “Environmental Quality Standard
for Surface Water” （GB/T3838- ）2002 Grade Ⅲ.
Table 1.2 Environmental Quality Standard for Surfac e Water
Item pH Permanganate
index CODcr BOD5 Ammonia Petroleum
Total
phosphorus DO
Standard
value ～6 9 6 20 4 1.0 0.05 0.2 5
Units Dimensionless mg/l
2) Quality Standard for Ground Water
Observe “Quality Standard for Ground Water （” GB/T14848— ）93 Grade
Ⅲ.
Table 1.3 “Quality Standard for Ground Water” （（（（GB/T14848— ））））93 Grade ⅢⅢⅢⅢ
pH Chloride Ammonia Pb Ar Fecal coliform
6.5-8.5 ≤250 ≤0.2 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤3.0
Hardness Fe Cu Mn Ni Zn
≤450 ≤0.3 1.0 0.1 0.05 1.0
3) Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water (GB5749-2006)
Mandatory national standard- Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water has
been issued, adding ClO2 as drinking water disinfectant and determining its
limits. New standards require that in the drinking water disinfection process,
minimum contact time (chlorine dioxide and water) is 30 min, limit value of
chlorine dioxide concentration in finished water is 0.8 mg / L，residual
chlorine≥0.1 mg/L in finished water, residual chlorine≥0.02 mg/L in terminal
15
tap water, after adopting chlorine dioxide disinfection method, limit value of
chlorite concentration is 0.7 mg/L, after adopting compound chlorine dioxide
disinfection method, limit value of chlorate is 0.7 mg/L.
4) Ambient Air Quality Standard
Observe “Ambient Air Quality Standard”(GB3095－1996)Grade Ⅱ.
Table 1.4 Ambient Air Quality Standard Units: mg/Nm 3
Pollutant Concentration Limits in Grade Ⅱstandard
Daily average concentration
Annual average concentration
TSP 0.30 0.20
PM10 0.15 0.10
SO2 0.15 0.06
NO2 0.12 0.08
5) Most of the works will be constructed in urban and rural areas. According to
“ Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area ” (GB3096-93) ,regions
affected by the project observe Grade Ⅰ or Grade Ⅱ standard during
construction period. Areas on both sides of the construction roads observe
(GB3096-93) Grade Ⅳ Standard.
Table 1.5 Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area Units: dB (A)
Daytime Night
Grade Ⅰstandard
55 45
Grade Ⅱstandard 60 50
Grade Ⅳstandard
70 55
1.7.2 Discharge standards
1) Sewage discharge standard
Domestic Sewage discharge observes “Standards of The Waste Water
Drained into Urban Sewage”（CJ3082-1999）， the maximum allowable
concentrations of pollutants are shown in the table below:
Table 1.6 Pollutant Discharge Standards
No. Item Units Maximum allowable concentrations
16
1 pH / 6-9
2 SS ml/L 150
3 CODCr ml/L 150
4 BOD5 ml/L 100
5 NH3-N ml/L 25
6 Oil ml/L 100
2) Atmospheric Pollutant Emission Standards
Primary atmospheric Pollutants are fugitive dust during construction period
of this project and observe “Integrated Emission Standard of Air
Pollutants”(GB16297-1996) GradeⅡ, TSP150mg/m3.
Canteen cooking fume emissions with reference to GB18483-2001
“Emission standard of cooking fume (on trial)”, concrete values are as follows:
Table 1.7 Emission standard of cooking fume
Scale Small-sized Medium sized Large-sized
Scale division
parameters
Reference kitchen range(n) ＜1≤n 3 ＜3≤n 6 n≥6
The total power of the corresponding kitchen range(w)
(108J/h)
＜1.67≤w 5.00 ＜5.00≤w 10 w≥10
The total projected area of the
corresponding exhaust hood (s)
(m2)
＜1.1≤s 3.3 ＜3.3≤s 6.6 s≥6.6
Emission standard
Maximum allowable emission
concentration (mg/m3)
2.0 2.0 2.0
The lowest removal rate of clarifying
systems (%) 60 75 85
3)Noise emission standards
During construction period, noise emission observes “Noise Limits for
Construction Site”（GB12523— ）90 .
Table 1.8 Noise Limits for Construction Site
Construction phase Main noise source Noise limits dB(A)
Earth work Bulldozer,
excavator, loader, etc.
Daytime Night
75 55
17
Pile driver All kinds of pile driver 85 Forbidden
Structure Concrete mixer,
tamping machine, electric saw, etc.
70 55
Renovation Cranes, lifts, etc. 65 55
During operation period, noise emission at boundary observes GB12348-
90 “Standard of Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises” Grade , that is, Ⅱ
daytime: 60dB (A), night: 50dB (A).
1.8 Assessment grade
According to the requirements of state environmental protection industry
standards - ～ －HJ/T2.1 2.3 93 “Technical guidelines for environmental impact
assessment”, put forth grade division of environmental impact. According to
the characteristics of environmental impact brought about by this project and
the provisions of relevant technical guidelines, determine concrete
assessment grade and assessment range, which are shown in table below:
Table 1.9 Assessment grade and assessment range
Item Grade Range
Atmosphere
Grade Ⅲ
Pipe network construction site and 500m away from both sides of the site
Surface water （ ）Yixun River along the pipeline
Noise Pipe network construction site and 500m away from
both sides of the site, boundary of industrial enterprises during operation period
Ecological environment Pipe network construction site
1.9 Environmental protection objectives and environ mental sensitive
site
1.9.1 Water environment
Domestic sewage of this project will be discharged into Yixun River, so
water quality of Yixun River is protection objective.
1.9.2 Atmospheric environment
Main atmospheric environmental protection objectives are construction
areas and residential areas affected by the projected.
1.9.3 Acoustic environment
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Main acoustic environmental protection objectives are schools and
residential areas near construction areas and water purification plant.
1.9.4 Ecological environment
1)Protect existing woodland and farmland in project-affected areas; minimize
the use of cultivated land and reduce the destruction of vegetation.
2)Take engineering measures, biological measures and non-engineering
measures to prevent and treat soil erosion caused by this project according to
local conditions
1.9.5 Population health
During construction works to strengthen the medical and health
management, ensure constructors and residents in resettlement areas in
good health.
1.9.6 Environmental sensitive site
There are no natural reserves and historic site in project-affected areas,
but construction noise and fugitive dust will influence surrounding residential
areas.
2 Project descriptions and project construction sch emes
2.1 Descriptions of project
2.1.1 Project name
Water Supply Second Phase Project in Weichang County and surrounding
areas
2.1.2 Construction character
Extension project，water supply plant
2.1.3 Construction location
1)Water intake engineering: The newly-built water source site is 27 kilometers
away from Weichang County seat in the north (in neighborhood of Dabahao
Village which is in the upstream area of the crossing made by Dahuanqi River
and Yixun River).
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2)Water Pipelines: Total length of water pipelines from new water source area
to existing water plant of the county is18 km.
3)Water purification plants: To make full use of the existing water supply
facilities in urban water plant recently, reconstruct and upgrade some of the
equipment on the basis of water supply facilities in the existing water plant,
including the replacement of pumps in secondary pumping station and
chlorine disinfection equipment.
4)Water Distribution Network: total length of new construction and
reconstruction water supply networks is 30 km.
2.1.4 Construction scale
Design of water source area should be in accordance with the recent
(2010) water supply scale -10,000 m3 / d. Design of water pipe diameter
should be in accordance with long-term (2020) water supply scale-30,000 m3 /
d, laying of the pipe in accordance with the scope of engineering services.
2.1.5 Project investment and economic indicators
1)Total investment of the project: 35.39 million yuan.
2)Sources of funding: 2 million U.S. dollars of foreign loan (amounting to
13.72 million yuan), for the ADB funds, the exchange rate of US dollar to RMB
is 6.86 temporarily; for domestic funds, loan interest rate is 7.83 %; 21.67
million yuan of the financial allocation.
3)Investment in fixed assets: 34.6129 million yuan; initial working capital:
150,000 yuan; loan interest during construction period: 537,100 yuan;
commitment fee: 90,000 yuan.
4)Average price of water: 2.10yuan/m3
2.1.6 Personnel posts
Personnel quota of this project is 16, 6 people are inspectors for water
source well and one people is an analyst of water source well, there is one
administrator and two assistant production staff ,two person are on duty in
transformer substation and 2 person on duty in distribution room, tow person
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are on duty in chlorination room and 1 is an analyst and 2 inspectors for water
pipeline. all the person come from the existing water supply company.
2.2 construction contents and design scheme
1)Water intake engineering
Drill 8 deep wells in new water source areas, with 6 for use and 2 for
reserve. Average depth of the wells is 30 m and diameter of well pipe is
DN400, using ductile iron pipe. Water yield of single well is designed to be
80m3/h.Then build one distribution room and one disinfection station with total
area of 1850m2.
Construct 8 Underground deep-well pump rooms, including well house and
distribution room with total area of 1800m2. Select 6 submersible water well
pumps (200QJ63-89/3), 5 for use and 1 for reserve, with lift of 40 m and flow
of 80m3/h. Power of supporting electromotor is 22KW.
Build a distribution station (200m2) in water source areas to supply power
for water source well.
Build a Chlorine Disinfection room, using 2 chlorine dioxide generators (1 for
use and 1 for reserve) to add chlorine dioxide in raw water. The amount of the
chlorine dioxide added will be controlled according to the raw water flux and
checked according to the residual chlorine in the water purification plant.
Dosing quantity is designed to be 500g/h. Install a set of automatic alarm
device in chlorination room and equip three sets of gas masks.
Construct a comprehensive office building with masonry structure, setting
office, laboratories, central control room, and canteen and staff quarters for
one. Flat size: 12×12.9m, construction area: 311.6m2.
2) Water conveyance project
Flow of water pipeline is designed to be 30,000t/d according to the
maximum daily average flow. Considering the water conveyance capacity,
pressure and safety and anti-seismic requirements, layout of water source
wells, select two DN400 water pipes (ductile iron) with a velocity of 1.38m/s
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for future. Lay one pipe of 18 km recently and the water conveyance quantity
is 10,000t/d; check velocity of water pipelines is 0.92m/s.
Considering that water pipelines are far away from water supply plant,
pipelines from water source areas to proposed water plant should lay along
idle land on floodplain and existing roads, facilitating construction and
maintenance. In regarding to practical needs, earth sheltered on pipe is no
less than 1.5m.
3) Purification plants
Long-term scale of water supply of existing water plant is designed to be
20,000 m3/d, and about 10,000 m3/d should be implemented recently, which
is mainly supplied to residents and industries.
� Clean Water Tank
There is a clean water tank with the volume of 1000 m3 and a high level
reservoir with the volume of 1000 m3. Immediate requirements can be
satisfied, so it is no need to be transformed.
� Secondary pump stations
Two existing pumping stations include pump rooms, the duty room, and
distribution room. Now the pumps are going to be out of use, need to be
maintained and replace components regularly, have reached scrapped
standards, so they should be replaced.
Secondary pump stations are designed according to maximum hourly
water supply quantity recently, daily water supply quantity is 10,000t/d, hourly
variation coefficient is 1.5 and the maximum hourly water supply quantity is
625m3/h. In order to increase scale of water supply, replace the original five
pumps with three S250-65 double-suction centrifugal pumps (2 for use and 1
for reserve) on the base of making full use of existing secondary pump
stations. Single pump flow is 320m3/h, lift is 71m, and power of supporting
electromotor is 110KW.
� Chlorination room and duty room
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The chlorination house of existing water plant includes chlorine storage
room, chlorination room and duty room. The hourly production of sodium
hypochlorite produced by sodium hypochlorite generator in original water
plant is 400g, which can’t meet the requirements of the newly expanded water
plant, so it is necessary to replace the old equipment.
According to the actual situation in Weichang County and the horizontal
comparison of the current disinfection equipment in each city water plant,
choose chlorine dioxide as disinfectant. Chlorine dioxide generator consists of
six parts: the feeding system, the reaction system, temperature control
system, the absorption system, security system and the automatic residue
processing system. Provide two H1000-1000 chlorine dioxide generators (1
for reserve) for the water plant. Chlorine dosage is1000 g/h. Install a set of
automatic pressure switching device, chlorine absorption apparatus and
chlorine leakage automatic alarm device in chlorination room and equip three
sets of gas masks.
According to laboratory analysis of water quality, urban water in Weichang
County can meet the requirements of domestic drinking water quality
standard. After simple disinfection (chlorine dioxide), groundwater can be
directly sent to urban pipe networks for urban water supply, water purification
process is as follows:
Chlorination
4) Water distribution network
The urban water distribution pipes are designed to be 30,000 m3 / d based
on the scale of long-term water supply, including newly constructed and
transformed pipes. Total length of new and transformed pipelines in urban
Water source well group
Clean water tank group
Water supply pump
stations
Urban water pipe network
High level reservoir
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areas of Weichang County is 30.341 km; the diameter is DN500-De110.
Among them, the length of new pipelines is 11.374 km; transformation of the
old urban pipe network is 18.967 km. Main water supply pipes are laid from
north to south, connecting pipes from east to west, and the overall layout is
reticular.
Water distribution pipeline network: DN≥300mm, using ductile iron pipes,
flexible rubber ring interface ; ＜DN 200mm, using PE pipes, hot melt
connectors. All pressures should be no less than 1.0Mpa,
When crossing the railway, highway, river or special sections, steel pipes are
needed. Cement mortar lining can be used on inner surface of ductile iron
pipe, coal asphalt coating on the outer surface. Adopting anti-corrosion
measures on both inner and outer surface of the pipe, cement mortar lining for
inner surface and epoxy coal tar coating for outer.
2.3 Public works and ancillary works
2.3.1 Electrical design
� Water source areas
1) Power supply load
Total installed capacity of Equipment is 81 KW, the needed capacity is
68.1 KW; natural average power coefficient is 0.82, the total annual power
consumption is up to 8.95 × 105KWh.
(2) Power supply
All are low-voltage equipments, ~ 380 V or ~ 220 V.
(3) Sources of supply
Erect 10 KV overhead power lines (10KV) from areas nearby to
transformer and distribution room in water source areas. Deep-well pump get
the power from water source areas and disinfection station.
� Water Purification plant transformation
(1) Load grade: Grade 2.
(2) Power supply and voltage: All are low-voltage equipments, ~ 380 V or ~
220 V.
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(3) Power Source: Replace the original two 22 KW, two 37 KW and one 75
KW pump with three 110 KW pumps. According to calculation, capacity of
transformer is sufficient, only low-voltage switchgear substation need to be
transformed, pump control box to be purchased.
2.3.2 Heating
Use devices of existing water plant, don’t construct new heating system
(可可可可可可可可可可可可可可可可可可可可可可可可，，，，还还还还还还还还还还还还还还还还还还还还！！！！)
2.4 Construction schedule
Construction period is one year; construction schedule of this project is as
follows:
1)June 2008: complete the project application and be submitted to department
in charge for approval.
Of which: water source works and water conveyance project be started in
June 2008, proposed to be completed in December 2008.
2)By the end of July 2008, complete the initial design and approval by
department in charge.
3)By the end of August 2008, complete the design of construction drawings
and prepare for the start of construction.
4)September 2008, start to construct; in October 2008 complete the bidding
work of the purchase of major equipments.
5)By the end of March 2009, complete renewal and transformation of water
purification plant equipment, debugging operation.
6)Before April 2009, complete the laying of water distribution pipelines; before
the end of May, complete equipment installation, debugging, trial operation;
June 2009, project to be finished for formal operation.
]
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3 Engineering analysis
3.1 Coincidence of the planning of the project to t he local planning
Weichang County vigorously promotes the unified water supply project in
city and surrounding areas, and constructs drinking water security system
through the market operation, to ensure drinking water projects function well.
This project can meet the requirements of water supply planning, in line with
the water function zoning of Weichang County.
1)The aim of this project is to ensure water supply for villagers in Dahuanqi
town, Qipanshan town, and Longtoushan town.
Upon the completion of the project, the water pressure, water and water
qualities are guaranteed, which can resolve the tense situation in the local
water supply, improve the quality of drinking water, meet the needs of
residents. The project is of great significance to guarantee the health of the
villagers in water supply areas.
2)The aim of this project is to save water and protect water resource.
Upon the completion of the project, it will exert unified management of
water supply in villages near water supply lines, realize the rational
development, utilization and protection of groundwater resources, and change
present situation -excessive extraction of groundwater. Regulate the use of
water resources by economic levers, which would enhance people’s
awareness of water conservation to some extent.
3)The aim of this project is to ensure local economy develop rapidly and
harmoniously.
Upon the completion of the project, it will solve the problems of drinking
water which restrict economic development in local areas, improve conditions
of local utilities, so as to promote integrated development in agriculture,
industry and business and improve the overall benefits of the community. At
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the same time, improve the investment environment to attract domestic and
foreign investment to make local tertiary industry develop rapidly.
3.2 Coincidence of project construction to the indu strial policy
Construction project follows “strengthening unified planning and
management of urban water resources, focusing on strengthening unified
management of the underground water resources development ” and “urban
water being given prior consideration” principles, in line with industrial policies,
and through the unity of urban water supply company, the unified
management of water resources, to solve the problem of water supply in
urban areas, support for the sustainable development of cities and towns,
restrict and closed down the self-provided wells.
3.3 Necessity of project
3.3.1 Present situation of water resource utilizati on and problems
According to the statistical yearbook of Chengde, total water demand in
Weichang county is 156.09 million m3，available water supply is 143.73
million m3，water shortage quantity gets up to 12.37 million m3，water
shortage ratio is 7.9%, utilization ratio of water resources is 31.1%. The water
supply and demand in the county have been almost balanced. Problems in
development and utilization of water resources are as follows:
1)Water quantity can not be guaranteed
Lack of water planning, water management leads to excessive and
irrational extraction of groundwater, water yield of single well reduces rapidly,
some water wells and aging equipments result in the high energy
consumption, so water quantity can not be guaranteed, it not only bring huge
inconvenience to the villagers, but also is not conducive to the development of
large-scale aquaculture industry. It is necessary to transport water from other
place to resolve the problems.
2)Unreasonable use of water resources
Because water supply can not be guaranteed, a number of factories and
enterprises, some agencies groups, some of the villagers are drilling self-
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provided wells to solve water supply problems, which result in engaging in
repeated “small but complete” wells, unreasonable use of groundwater
resources, cause great waste of water resources which have been in severe
shortage.
3)Water quality can not be guaranteed
With the development of potato starch industry, wastewater discharge
contaminates shallow groundwater easily. Village-owned self-provided water
wells are shallow and without any treatment, once the groundwater pollution
occurs, physical health of the village would be directly affected. There are no
drainage facilities and lack of the necessary measures to protect water
resources in village, so water quality can’t be guaranteed, it will keep a hidden
trouble to villagers and livestock health.
3.3.2 Water supply situation and existing problems in Weichang County
At the beginning of the water supply expansion projects in Weichang
County, urban water supply situation has improved significantly, but in recent
years, with the development of urban water consumption, new urban water
supply problems emerge, mainly as follows:
1)Inadequate water supply in water source areas
The declining water level and water yield less than the design capacity
lead to the fact that actual volume of water supply of water purification plants
can not meet the needs of urban areas, so some industrial enterprises re-
opened the self-provided wells, resulting in a sharp decline of water table in
urban areas; water supply wells of the water plants have been seriously
affected, thus forming a vicious cycle.
2)Water quality can not be guaranteed in water source areas
The existing water source of water plant is located in the middle and lower
reaches of the Yixun River Weichang County. Now industries in the upper
reaches develop rapidly, some enterprises discharge sewage which is not
treated to satisfy the water discharge standards. The existing water sources
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for water supply are shallow groundwater, so sewage infiltration would cause
serious threat to existing water sources.
3)Water supply facilities don’t match with water supply capacity
Recent water supply capacity of water plant is designed to be 10,000 t / d,
while the actual daily water supply capacity is 3000 m3. It can not meet the
actual demand and has caused water supply shutdown in some areas. Urban
domestic water can’t be guaranteed, Time-sharing and zone water supply has
been implemented.
4)Water supply dispersed
In recent years, the city has been constructed some new water distribution
networks, but water supply quantity is still not enough, which results in zone
water supply, deficit part can only rely on self-provided wells. Most of self-
provided wells use shallow water of poor quality, and water distribution has
been destroyed, the ground structure has been affected, so unified
management and rational exploitation are needed.
5)City water supply system can not meet the requirements of the county
overall plan, lags behind economic and social development.
6)Waste of water resources
Public have little awareness of water saving, especially in urban areas.
Industrial enterprises with a low reusing rate don’t pay attention to water-
saving measures. A considerable part of units exploit groundwater without
approval, and some use self-provided wells as well as public water, causing a
great waste of water resources.
3.3.3 Necessity of construction project
According to existing problems and the status quo of water supply in urban
area of Weichang County, active measures should be taken to solve these
problems. The necessity of this project is as follows:
1)The aim of this project is to resolve the contradiction between water supply
and demand.
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In recent years, the rapid development of Weichang County leads to sharp
contradiction between water supply and demand. According to the data
provided by the water company, water consumption is predicted to gets up to
10,000 m3 / d recently, total long-term industrial and domestic water
consumption will reach 30,000 m3 / d. At present the company's total water
supply capacity is only 3600 m3 / d, which result in obvious contradiction
between supply and demand, particularly in the peak period of summer; many
residents have no water to drink and have to solve this problem by fetching
water.
2)The aim of this project is to protect water resources.
Water quality of water source areas can’t be guaranteed in Weichang
County. The existing water source of water plant is located in the middle and
lower reaches of the Yixun River Weichang County. Now waste water
discharged by industries in the upper reaches, especially the potato starch
industry pollutes downstream water heavily, which causes serious threat to
the residents.
Some factories drill wells with poor water quality privately, and destroy the
distribution of underground water resources, which make it difficult to form a
unified management of water resources. Upon the completion of this project,
the city will adopt unified water supply strategy, closed down the self-provided
wells to protect local groundwater resources.
3)It is necessary to make full use of existing water purification plants and
water distribution networks.
The existing facilities of water purification plant and water distribution
networks are able to meet requirements of water supply within a short time.
The construction of new water sources and water pipeline from water source
areas to water purification plants can solve the problem of water supply in
Weichang County. The county party committee and government decided to
bring forward the construction project, start construction of water source areas
and water pipe project ahead of schedule in June 2008, invest about 10
30
million yuan as matching funds for construction of water intake project and
water pipelines, the supporting funds for retroactive accounting, water
purification plants and water distribution network project should be
constructed after getting the ADB loan approval.
Therefore, the recent new urban water intake engineering and water
pipeline projects are of importance.
3.4 Analysis of pollution sources of project
3.4.1 Analysis of pollution sources during construc tion period
Primary environmental impacts are brought about by the construction of
water intake engineering and pipelines. Construction links which affect the
environment include: excavation, borrow, land occupation, construction of
buildings, constructors stationed in the working site, transport vehicles and
equipment installation and so on. Major pollution factors are construction dust,
noise produced by construction equipments, domestic sewage, spoil and
other construction waste and regional ecological impact and soil erosion.
1)Water environment
Main adverse impacts on water environment during construction period
include: production wastewater and domestic sewage which may influence
the surface water (Yixun River) to a certain degree. Major pollution factors are
CODcr and SS. The volume of domestic sewage generated by construction
staff is 40L / person • d, average daily number of constructors is expected to
be 100, then the total quantity of domestic sewage is about 4 t / d. In addition,
the shallow groundwater is used as water source in this project, so it is
important to pay special attention to the potential pollution of groundwater.
2)Atmospheric environment
Main sources of pollution are waste gas and dust produced by fueled
machinery and transportation vehicles, dust and excavation in borrow areas,
piling up in spoil areas and dust produced by handling of spoil.
3)Acoustic environment
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There are three main sources of noise: aggregate processing systems,
construction machinery, concrete mixing systems, and other stationary noise
sources, moving sources such as transport vehicles, and blasting noise of the
excavation of earth work. All the noise above will have short-term impact on
residents.
Table 3.1 Noise value of main construction machiner y
No. Noise sources Noise intensity (Db) 1 Excavators 92 2 Bulldozers 90 3 Vibrating rollers 105 4 Transport vehicles 85
notes: All the noise above is monitored at 1m height.
4)Solid waste
Solid waste includes spoil produced by construction and building
demolition, construction waste and domestic waste produced by constructors,
they will pollute surrounding environment heavily without proper disposal,
cause adverse impacts such as dust pollution, percolation and biological
reproduction of pests, soil erosion and destruction of the landscape
environment.
5)Ecological environment
Major factors that influence the ecological environment are earth
excavation, land occupation by spoil, construction site leveling, construction
access road and other construction activities which lead to vegetation
damage, soil erosion and changes in topography. In addition, construction
activities will interfere with nearby wild animals; waste water, waste gases and
solid waste emissions will affect the surrounding environment and then the
habitat quality of animal and plant.
6)Soil erosion
Without improper protection, it is easy to cause huge loss of spoil because
of the temporary storage of excavation, uncovering excavation section, loose
soil and the impact of river flow during construction period.
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7)Social environment
Temporary occupation of farmland affects production during construction
period. When crossing the road, the road excavation causes temporary traffic
disruption. Common infectious diseases in construction areas are bacillary
dysentery, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis and so on. During construction period,
constructors are relatively concentrated, which may bring pathogens and
increase opportunities of cross-infection, plus great labor intensity, relatively
poor sanitary conditions, it will affect human health adversely.
In short, the negative impact during construction period is temporary and
short-term, which can be mitigated or prevented by engineering measures
and construction management.
3.4.2 Analysis of pollution sources during operatio n period
During operation period, environmental impacts arising from water intake
engineering and water purification plants include: 1) Water intake engineering
mainly influences groundwater resources; 2) the environmental impact of
water purification plant is noise emissions and discharge of sewage sludge; 3)
there is a certain risk of leakage of chlorine in water purification plant; 4) the
impact from the external environment should also be taken into consideration,
such as potential sources of pollution in water source areas (agricultural non-
point source and industry point source).
4 Natural and social environment Investigation in p roject areas
4.1 Natural environment Investigation
4.1.1 Geographical position
Weichang Manchu Mongolian Autonomous County (“Weichang” for short)
is located in the north of Hebei Province. The geographical position for the
north latitude 41°35 ' -~42 o40 ', east longitude l16°32' ~~118°14 ', total area
913 km2, the county is 130 km in length of EW and 118 km in width of SN,
bordering on Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the east, west and north,
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adjacent to Chifeng City on the east, Keshiketengqi to north and Duolun
county to northwest; Fengning, Longhua county to southwest and south.
4.1.2 Topography and geomorphology
Weichang belongs to Inner Mongolia anticline zone which is one of four
tectonic zones in Hebei Province, with many mountain ridges and steep
ravines, altitude is 750-2,067m, and the relative height difference is 1,200m,
the natural slope is 1/150-1/350. It is high in the northeast of the terrain, low in
the southwest.
Weichang County is located in the transition zone between the mountains
of northern Hebei Province and the Inner Mongolian Plateau. It is high in the
northwest of the terrain and low in the southeast, altitude is 700 -2,000 m.
From the western Yudaokou to Baishui, there is one Saihanba from the
southwest to northeast (means beautiful mountain in Mongolian), which
divides the county into two parts- Weichang plateau and the mountainous
area in the northern Hebei. Weichang plateau is flat, with slight degree of
water erosion and strong wind erosion, with a number of wind-erosion
depressions and wavy surface, and altitude is 1200-2000 m. Baxia mountain
area is the border region of Yinshan Mountains, Daxinganling Mountains and
Qilaotu Mountain. In mountainous areas there are many rolling mountains,
valleys, and thick forests. Altitudes of many peaks are less than 2,000 m.
Some mountains are flat-top, table-shaped.
4.1.3 Climate
The climate of Weichang is continental plateau mountain climate. Climate
features in this area are that rainy season meets with hot season, the four
seasons are distinctive, the difference of the temperature between day and
night is high, equivalent to more than 10℃, its effective accumulated
temperature is 1330-2510d·℃, frost-free period is about 90-125 days. Annual
precipitation is 380-560mm, the space and time distribution are uneven. The
general trend is less precipitation in spring (March to May) and the most
precipitation in summer (June to August).
34
Weichang County's climate is characterized by cold dry winter and cool
summer, much sand in spring and autumn. The county is close to the winter
wind source areas, influenced by the winter monsoon strongly, controlled by
the Siberian high pressure, so it is cold and dry in winter. In January, average
temperature is -13.2 ℃, extremely minimum temperature is -42.9℃,
(Yudaokou, January 12, 1957) prevailing wind is southerly in summer and the
average temperature is 20.7 ℃ in July. The wind is strong in spring and
autumn, up to level 6-8. Weichang County has a higher latitude and longer
sunshine time in summer; the annual average temperature is 3.3℃, with an
average annual rainfall 445 mm. Rainy season meets with hot season. So it is
beneficial to agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. Frost period is from
September to the next May, frost-free period is short, the difference between
the north and south is huge.
4.1.4 River system and hydrogeology
Weichang County has many shallow rivers with high velocity. Influenced by
water supplies, the flow changes a lot. It can be divided into the Luanhe River
and Liaohe River. There are Yixun River, Xiaoluanhe River, Yimatu River,
Yinhe River, Shelixia River, Wuladai River in this area. The total flow is 1.25
billion cubic meters. The county has four reservoirs, 2000 pumped wells;
exploitable yield groundwater is 577 million cubic meters.
XiaoLuanhe River flows through western regions from north to south, total
length is 95 km in this county, originates from the thick forest in Saihanba,
finally enters the Luanhe River. Yinhe River originates from the northern
areas; total length is 62.1 km in this county and it is the largest river in the
northern part of the county.
Yixun River is a major river in the county and the primary tributary of the
Luanhe River, it originates from Hali Ha Weichang County, with a watershed
area of 7076 km2, total length of 195 km, flows through Weichang, Longhua,
Luanping County, and Shuangluan district, enters Luanhe River in Luanping
35
County hanjiaying. Control area of Yixun River Weichang hydrological station
is 1227 km2; it is an important hydrological station in this project.
Dahuanqi River is a tributary of Yixun River, originating from northern part
of Dahuanqi Township, with a length of 50 km.
Within areas of Weichang County, the main aquifers are the quaternary loose
rocks porous aquifer and clastic rocks fractured aquifer.
1)Quaternary porous aquifer can be divided into two types- the Holocene
Series diluvium phreatic water and the Pleistocene Series alluvial phreatic
water.
Holocene Series diluvium phreatic water mainly distributes in floodplain,
terraces of Yixun River and its major tributaries. Its distribution, lithology
structure thickness and water abundance vary from place to place, the
general aquifer thickness is 4 ~ 26 m, water depth is 0.4 ~ 8.2 m
Phreatic level is shallow and receptive to the infiltration of precipitation
supplies; groundwater and surface water flows almost unanimously. During
the rainy season, water table often rises due to the impact of backwater, while
in the dry season, groundwater flows into the river; it varies with the season,
according to regional information, water level ranges from 1.5 to 2 m. It is the
main water aquifer for the region’s industrial and agricultural use.
Pleistocene Series alluvial phreatic water shows zonal distribution.
Because of poor water permeability and limited area, it is of little water
abundance, with a depth of the water level of 5 ~ 10 m, supplied by
precipitation and bedrock fissure water.
2)Fissure phreatic water in Jurassic formation
Its lithology is tuffaceous glutenite and continental sedimentary sandstone,
with no fracture development because of hard lithology. Only in the rock
rupture section can fissure phreatic water be formed. The water often outflows
from ground surface in the form of ascending spring.
4.1.5 Seismic intensity
36
According to “Seismic Intensity Zoning Map of China (1990)”, earthquake
intensity of this county is seven degree. General buildings and facilities can be
constructed by following its requirements.
4.1.6 Soil vegetation
Weichang County soil can be divided into seven categories, namely:
brown soil, cinnamon soil, aeolian sand, meadow soil, and bog soil, black and
gray forest soil, including 15 sub-categories, 66 soil genera, and 431 soil
species.
The plants of Weichang are belonging to 70 families, 206 genera and 602
species, which can be classified into two categories depending on the
distribution: Bashang Plateau and the middle and shallow mountain type,
mainly are: north China larch, spruce, black pine, Mongolian oak, white birch,
lespedeza, etc.
4.2 Social and economy development condition
4.2.1 Location advantage and characteristic resourc es
As early as the Qing Dynasty, Weichang County played an important role
in China. Now location advantages of Weichang promote its strategic status
with the social development, it is adjacent to northeast economic region in
north, integrates with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Area and Bohai
economic circle in south and has prominent regional advantages.
Northwest of Weichang county is Mongolian plateau. It seems to be
mountains from the outside, but actually is flat grassland, with an average
elevation of 1,200 meters, so the locals call it “Bashang”. It is a good pasture
for the livestock industry. The southeastern mountains are contiguous areas
of Yinshan Mountains and the Daxinganling Mountains, with higher
temperatures, are suitable to plant corn and millet. Mountains produce
almonds, mushrooms, day lily and so on, limestone, marble and other
minerals.
Weichang County is the cradle and water source of Luanhe River and
many tributaries of Liaohe River; although there is water in the river all year
37
around, but they are the upper reaches of rivers, not conducive to shipping.
The county also has large areas of native forest. At present, many places
have been returning farmland to forest and grassland, not to encourage the
development of agriculture.
Natural resources, tourism resources and new energy are primary resources
in Weichang County.
Weichang County is a major agricultural county, agricultural production
mainly are potatoes and naked oats, potatoes grow well, the biggest one can
be achieved the size of football even watermelon. But potatoes have high
starch content, are not suitable for production of potato chips and other food,
and suitable for the production of high quality, such as vermicelli and starch.
Weichang in the Qing Dynasty was the royal hunting field “Mulan
Weichang”. Weichang County has a large number of cultural relics and
historical sites and natural scenery. Main tourist system consists of Saihanba
National Forest Park, Hongsongwa national grassland nature reserve and
Yudaokou grassland area, forming a tourism brand "Mulan Weichang", is an
important part of "Summer Resort" tourism route.
Weichang is very rich in wind resources, the Bashang area, the cumulative
hours of effective wind gets up to 5475 hours, more than 2,400 sq km area
can be installed, the natural resources are in line with the clean energy
strategy, and have broad prospects for application .
4.2.2 Social economy condition
There are 32 townships and 5 towns under the county’s jurisdiction. The
total population of county is 519,400, among it, the urban population is about
72,000. The total area is 9219 km2, of which urban area is 185.75 km2.
Minority population of Weichang County is 182,000, of which the most
populous minority nationality is Manchu, about 143,000 people, followed by a
Mongolian, Hui, and other 12 ethnic minorities.
Weichang County is a major agricultural county. Potato cultivation in the
county is about 40 million mu, the annual output of 6.5 billion kg. It is the land
38
of potato cultivation, and Qipanshan town is the county's largest potato
cultivation base. To further enhance the added value of potatoes, since the
mid-1990s as the potato starch prices rising, the potato processing industry
developed rapidly, starch-selling occupied domestic market, and entered the
international market.
The gross national product Weichang County is 1.78 billion yuan, in which
industrial production value is 1.09 billion yuan. Agricultural production value is
167 million yuan, forestry output value is 66 million yuan, and animal
husbandry output value is 169 million yuan.
4.2.3 Development plan
According to the “Overall City Plan of Weichang Manchu Mongolian
Autonomous County”, the overall economic and social development strategies
and goals are:
Adhere to the industrialization as the core, promote urbanization and
industrialization of agriculture, and take advantages of the tourism industry,
and constantly improve the social services and infrastructure construction,
and actively promote the construction of Weichang, comprehensively enhance
the city's comprehensive competitiveness.
39
5 Investigation and evaluation of present environme ntal quality
5.1 Ambient air quality situation
5.1.1 Assessment standards
Atmospheric environment observes “Ambient Air Quality
Standard”(GB3095－1996)Grade Ⅱ. The standard value of each factor is
shown in the table below.
Table 5.1 Ambient Air Quality Standard (mg/Nm 3)
Monitoring items
Sampling time Standard value
TSP Daily average 0.30 Annual average 0.20
SO2 Daily average 0.15 Annual average 0.06
NO2 Daily average 0.12 Annual average 0.08
5.1.2 Monitoring results
According to the monitoring data from“Environmental Quality Report”,
the type of atmospheric pollution is mainly coal smoke and dust pollution.
Monitoring factors include total suspended particles (TSP), sulfur dioxide
(SO2) and nitrogen dioxides (NO2), the values of monitoring factors are as
follows:
Table 5.2
5.1.3 Evaluation conclusions
5.2 Surface water quality situation
5.2.1 Assessment standards and methods
40
According to water quality function zoning, cross sections of Yixun River
observes “Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water” (GB/T3838-
2002) Grade Ⅲ, the water quality standard value is shown in the table below.
Table 5.3 Environmental Quality Standard for Surfac e Water (mg/L, not
including pH)
Monitoring items
Standard value
Monitoring items
Standard value
Monitoring items
Standard value
pH Fluoride Cd
COD permanganate index
Pb
DO Total Phosphorus
Cu
BOD5 Total nitrogen Se
Ammonia Cr(Ⅵ) Sulfide
Volatile phenol
Total arsenic
Hydride Hg
Single factor index method is used in the evaluation; the formula is (not
including pH and DO):
0CCP ii =
Where: iP - the single factor index of ith pollutant;
iC -measured concentration of ith pollutant;
0C -standard concentration of ith pollutant;
If the value of iP is greater than 1, it indicates that the water quality factor
exceeds the required water quality standards, has been unable to meet the
requirements of the functional use; if the value is less than or equals to 1, it
means that the status quo did not exceed water quality standards.
The single factor index calculation method of pH is:
( ) ( )( ) ( )
−−≤−−
=0.70.70.7
0.70.70.7
＞isui
isdipH pHpHpH
pHpHpHP
Where: pHP - the single factor index of Ph;
ipH - measured value of pH;
41
sdpH - the lower limit of pH in surface water quality standard;
supH - the upper limit of pH in surface water quality standard;
The single factor index calculation method of DO is:
( )( )
−≥−−=
00
00
910 DODODODO
DODODODODODOP
ii
ififDO
＜
Where: DOP - the single factor index of DO;
fDO - saturation values of dissolved oxygen with a certain water temperature
under a certain pressure;
iDO - measured value of saturated dissolved oxygen;
0DO -limit value of dissolved oxygen in water quality assessment
5.2.2 Monitoring and evaluation results
Water quality of Yixun River mainly belongs to IV-class, reaching the level
of moderate pollution. Seriously polluted section is the upstream section of
Weichang.
5.3 Status of Underground Water Quality
According to the monitoring report from Chengde Station which is part of
Hebei urban water supply water quality monitoring network, monitoring results
of water samples No. 1 and No.7 with total analysis and national standard of
drinking water are listed in the following tables：
Table 5.12 Contrast table of detected result of wat er sample No. 1
Monitoring item Monitoring Method Hygienic standard values
Monitoring result
Total coliform group Membrane Filter method None CFU/100mL Non-
detectable Thermotolerant
Coliform Bacteria Membrane Filter method None Non-detectable
Escherichia coli Membrane Filter method None Non-detectable
Microflora counts Plate method 100CFU/mL 0
As Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry 0.01 mg/L ＜0.0005
Cd Flameless Atomic Absorption 0.005 mg/L 0.0049
42
Spectrophotometry
Cr(Ⅵ) Diphenyl carbazide Spectrophotometry 0.05 mg/L ＜0.004
Pb Flameless Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometry
0.01 mg/L ＜0.005
Hg Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry 0.001 mg/L 0.00019
Se Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry 0.01 mg/L ＜0.0005
Cyanide
Iso-nicotinic acid and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-
pyrazolone Spectrophotometry
0.05 mg/L ＜0.002
Fluoride Fluoride reagent
Spectrophotometry 1.0 mg/L 0.43
Nitrate Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
10 mg/L, 20 for groundwater source 12.3
Trichloromethane Gas Chromatography 60μg/L ＜2.5 Carbon
tetrachloride Gas Chromatography 2μg/L ＜0.25
Chroma Standard Pt-Co colorimetric method
≤15 degree ＜5
Turbidity Scattering turbidimeter
1 NTU, 3 NTU for limited Water
source and water purification technology
0.36
Odour and taste Smell and taste method N o peculiar smell none
Visible substances
Direct observation method None none
pH pH reagent 6.5-8.5 7.74
Al Chrome azurol S Spectrophotometry 0.2 mg/L ＜0.008
Fe Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 0.3 mg/L ＜0.15
Mn Flameless Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometry
0.1 mg/L 0.025
Cu Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 1.0 mg/L ＜0.15
Zn Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 1.0 mg/L ＜0.05
Chloride Nitrate titration method 250 mg/L 87.2
Sulphate Barium Chromate Spectrophotometry 250 mg/L 63.1
Total dissolved solids Gravimetric Method 1000 mg/L 560
Hardness EDTA -2Na titration method 450 mg/L 376
Oxygen consumption
Acidic potassium permanganate titration
method 3 mg/L 1.28
43
Volatile phenols 4-amino antipyrine Spectrophotometry 0.002 mg/L ＜0.002
Anion synthetic detergent
Phenanthroline Extraction Spectrophotometry 0.3 mg/L ＜0.025
Gross α radioactivity
Comparative assay method 0.5 Bq/L 0.1089
Gross β radioactivity
Thin sample method 1 Bq/L 0.1944
BaP High Performance Liquid Chromatography 0.01μg/L ＜0.001
Ca EDTA-2Na titration method — 92.3
Mg EDTA-2Na titration method — 31.3
Table 5.13 Contrast table of detected result of the water sample No. 7
Monitoring item Monitoring Method Hygienic standard values
Monitoring result
Total coliform group Membrane Filter method None
CFU/100mL Non-
detectable Thermotolerant
Coliform Bacteria Membrane Filter method None Non-detectable
Escherichia coli Membrane Filter method None Non-detectable
Microflora counts Plate method 100CFU/mL 4
As Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry 0.01 mg/L ＜0.0005
Cd Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 0.005 mg/L ＜0.001
Cr(Ⅵ) Diphenyl carbazide Spectrophotometry 0.05 mg/L ＜0.004
Pb Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 0.01 mg/L ＜0.005
Hg Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry 0.001 mg/L 0.00024
Se Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry 0.01 mg/L ＜0.0005
Cyanide Iso-nicotinic acid and 1-phenyl-
3-methyl-5-pyrazolone Spectrophotometry
0.05 mg/L ＜0.002
Fluoride Fluoride reagent
Spectrophotometry 1.0 mg/L 0.41
Nitrate Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
10 mg/L, 20 for
groundwater source
1.19
Trichloromethane Gas Chromatography 60μg/L ＜2.5 Carbon
tetrachloride Gas Chromatography 2μg/L ＜0.25
Chroma Standard Pt-Co colorimetric method ≤15 degree ＜5
44
Turbidity Scattering turbidimeter
1 NTU, 3 NTU for
limited Water source and
water purification technology
0.40
Odour and taste Smell and taste method No peculiar smell None
Visible substances Direct observation method None None
pH pH reagent 6.5-8.5 7.78
Al Chrome azurol S Spectrophotometry 0.2 mg/L ＜0.008
Fe Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 0.3 mg/L ＜0.15
Mn Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 0.1 mg/L 0.0045
Cu Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 1.0 mg/L ＜0.15
Zn Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 1.0 mg/L ＜0.05
Chloride Nitrate titration method 250 mg/L 15.7
Sulphate Barium Chromate Spectrophotometry 250 mg/L 15.4
Total dissolved solids Gravimetric Method 1000 mg/L 268
Hardness EDTA -2Na titration method 450 mg/L 288 Oxygen
consumption Acidic potassium permanganate
titration method 3 mg/L 1.20
Volatile phenols 4-amino antipyrine Spectrophotometry 0.002 mg/L ＜0.002
Anion synthetic detergent
Phenanthroline Extraction Spectrophotometry 0.3 mg/L ＜0.025
Gross α radioactivity
Comparative assay method 0.5 Bq/L 0.0658
Gross β radioactivity
Thin sample method 1 Bq/L 0.0758
BaP High Performance Liquid Chromatography 0.01μg/L ＜0.001
Ca EDTA-2Na titration method — 68.5 Mg EDTA-2Na titration method — 21.5
Test results show that the groundwater in water source areas is tasteless,
colorless, and transparent, the indicators are in line with national “Sanitary
standard for drinking water” (GB5749-2006). The water quality can meet
drinking water requirements.
5.4 Status of acoustic environmental quality
5.5 Analysis of status of ecological environment
45
Vegetation mainly based on common types, no endangered species.
Common vegetation mainly are annual and perennial herbs, reed、Typha
angustifolia L 、Setaria viridis and Digitaria sanguinaisl account for much.
Animal species are single and rare along the line, including voles, rabbits,
snakes, frogs, sparrows, magpies, crows and other wild animals common in
northern Hebei Province, and common poultry and livestock. No rare and
endangered wild animals.
The phenomenon of soil erosion in Weichang County includes the natural soil
erosion and new soil erosion caused by construction.
Natural soil erosion is erosion, collapse phenomenon which is caused by
storm in the slopes, land and valley with vegetation in poor conditions.
During construction period, a large number of temporary spoil is piled up, the
new soil is backfilled, and they will affect existing vegetation to a certain
extent. Temporary living areas, construction of pavement, temporary covering,
are also influencing factors which bring soil erosion.
6 Environmental impact analysis and assessment
6.1 Environmental impact assessment during construc tion period
Primary environmental impacts are brought about by the construction of
water intake engineering and pipelines. Construction links which affect the
environment include: excavation, borrow, land occupation, construction of
46
buildings, constructors stationed in the construction area, transport vehicles
and equipment installation and so on. Major pollution factors are construction
dust, noise produced by construction equipments, domestic sewage, spoil and
other construction waste and regional ecological impact and soil erosion.
6.1.1 Construction dust
Main sources of air pollution are dusts produced by excavation in borrow
areas and transportation vehicles. Waste gases generated by fueled
machinery also have impact on atmospheric environment, but the influence
scope is limited, emission is relative low and temporary, so its impact on
atmospheric environment is relatively small. In this EIR, mainly analyze the
impact on atmospheric environment by construction dust.
Construction dust mainly include: excavation dust, the material stack dust
and vehicle transportation dust.
Through analogy investigation, it can be concluded that when protective
measures are not taken and the soil is dry, the largest amount of excavation
dust accounts for 1% of excavation soil; when certain protective measures are
taken and the soil is humid, excavation dust accounts for 0.1%. Most of the
proposed excavation sections are idle floodplain with moist soil, so fugitive
dust will not influence the surrounding environment seriously.
Materials stack, spoil stack and concrete mixing on construction site will
also produce fugitive dust. According to statistics, dust emissions are 0.12
kg/m3 materials. The use of canvas cover or sprinklers for dust suppression
can lower emissions to 10 percent.
After rolling repeatedly, dust scattered by construction vehicles are of
smaller particle size, when wind speeds reach the starting threshold, the dust
disperses into the atmosphere in the form of dust.
The amount of dust and pollution degree is correlated with the transport
mode of vehicles, road conditions, weather conditions and other factors.
According to relevant data, fugitive dust produced by transport vehicles
47
driving on the construction site accounts for about 60 percent of the total
fugitive dust.
Construction dust has obvious local pollution characteristics. According to
survey findings through analogy investigation, the contribution to dust
concentration from ditching construction at close range is great, especially
within 50 meters. However, as the distance increases, the concentration
contribution decay quickly and its impact has been small when it is 200
meters away. Under the circumstance of relatively large soil moisture, the
area with large contribution area is generally within 70 meters of the
construction site.
Under normal wind speed and other weather conditions, fugitive dust
concentration in areas around the approach roads and slag yard is 0.5-0.7
mg/m3, concentration in dumping areas is 1.81-2.96 mg/m3, concentration of
dust on the wind direction of operation area is 0.74-1.05 mg/m3, under the
direction of the operation area, dust concentration is 1.60-2.24 mg/m3.During
transportation, the concentration decreases rapidly with distance decrease,
affected areas are within 150 m.
To sum up, fugitive dust has a certain impact on the surrounding sensitive
sites along the pipeline during construction period, especially the areas within
100 meters away from the construction site. Strengthen the management of
dust emission sources, and if necessary, take measures for dust suppression,
it can make the impact be the minimum level. In addition, because the dust of
the road is related with the speed of the vehicle, the faster the speed, the
greater dispersion; in the construction site, it is necessary to limit the speed of
vehicles, on the one hand, is to reduce the amount of dust, and on the other
hand, is also out of security considerations.
6.1.2 Acoustic environmental impact prediction and assessment
6.1.2.1 Analysis of noise sources during constructi on period
48
Construction noise sources mainly are construction machinery and
transport vehicles, construction noise can be divided into the following three
categories:
a. mechanical noise of construction site: excavators, bulldozers and loaders;
b. temporary mechanical noise of construction site: the temporary use of
machinery, including electric saw, crusher;
c. traffic transportation noise.
Major construction machineries in this project are: excavators, bulldozers,
the ground plane, concrete mixers, rollers, loaders, and so on. The noise
generated by construction machinery and equipment during operation period
is as follows:
Table 6.1 Noise measurement value from major constr uction machinery Units:
dB (A)
No. Name of machinery Measuring distance(m)
Maximum noise level dB(A)
1 Wheel Loader 5 90 2 Grader 5 90 3 Roller 5 81 4 Bulldozer 5 86 5 Tire excavator 5 84 6 Concrete Pump 1 79 7 Air compressor 1 110 8 Crusher 1 97 9 Cable Car 1 76 10 Electric saw 1 90 11 Tamping machine 1 105 12 Pile drivers 1 85
Remark: All data above are measured when construction machineries run
at full capacity test.
6.1.2.2 Noise prediction model
Point-source prediction model of noise is as follows:
Sr
rLrLr ii ∆−−=
00 lg20
Where: Lri Sound level A at the reference distance of r from source point i, dB (A);
Lr0i Sound level A at the reference distance of r0 (reference point) from
source point i, dB (A);
49
S∆ Attenuation of the sound level A due to the barrier, dB (A).
6.1.2.3 Noise impact prediction during construction period
According to the survey, the noise level of commonly used construction
machineries such as excavators, bulldozers, grader, mixing machines running
at full capacity at different distances is shown in table 6.2.
Table 6.2 Noise level of major construction machine ries at different distances
Units: dB (A)
Machinery name
The distance from the construction machinery（m）
5 10 20 40 60 80 100 150 200 300 Loader 90 84 78 72 68 66 64 60 58 54 Roller 86 80 74 68 64 62 60 56 54 50
Bulldozer 86 80 74 68 64 62 60 56 54 50 Excavators 84 78 72 66 62 60 58 54 52 48
Air compressor 90 84 78 72 68 66 64 60 58 54
Pile drivers 96 90 84 78 74 72 70 66 64 56 Crusher 83 77 71 65 61 59 57 53 51 47
At a fixed time, only one or a few sensitive protecting objectives are
affected. According the provisions of “Noise limits for construction site”
(GBl2523-90), the daytime noise limit value for pile drivers is 85 dB (A), the
earth work and structural stage are 70 and 75 dB (A), at night noise limit for all
machinery is 55 dB (A) and pile drivers are prohibited.
According to Table 6.2, the prediction results showed that if no noise
control measures are taken, in daytime, because of the noise of construction
machinery, noise in areas 50 m away from the construction site can be up to
standard value, at night noise in areas 300 m away can be up to standard
value.
Parts of the newly-built pipe network projects and transformation project
are 10-100 m away from residential area, therefore, management which
mainly in controlling the noise to the standard level, should be strengthened in
the construction period. On the surrounding sensitive point-intensive
construction site, noisy equipment should be placed away from sensitive
points. Construction equipments which produce high noise at night should be
50
prohibited. During the construction period, installing noise barriers near
environmentally sensitive objectives, optimizing the layout of construction
machineries, and prohibiting the construction at night are effective measures
to reduce the construction impact on the residents on both sides of the
construction yard.
6.1.3 Water environmental impact assessment
Waste water during construction period of the project is mainly machinery
and equipment maintenance washing water and domestic sewage of
constructors.
Major pollutants in waste water produced by machinery and equipment
maintenance washing are petroleum and suspended substance. It is
intermittently discharged, with relatively small quantity, and generally
consumed by evaporation, and difficult to enter the surface water. Therefore,
it will not bring significant adverse effects on the local surface water.
Domestic sewage is mainly construction personnel washing water, fecal
sewage etc. during construction peak period of the proposed project, the daily
number of constructors is assumed to be 100 people; the volume of domestic
sewage generated by constructors is 40 L for each person in a day. So the
amount of domestic sewage during construction is about 4t per day, Its COD
concentration is 250 ~ 350 mg / L, BOD5 concentration is 100 ~ 150 mg / L.
At present there are no sewage treatment plants in Weichang County,
sewage is discharged into Yixun River directly, has a certain impact on the
river. It is suggested that domestic sewage should be discharged into
municipal sewer networks after meeting the requirements of “Standards of
The Waste Water Drained into Urban Sewage”by centralized collection and
treatment.
6.1.4 Solid waste
Solid waste produced by this project during construction period mainly
include: construction spoil and waste, and the domestic waste.
1) Construction spoil and waste
51
A lot of spoil will be produced during construction period, which doesn’t
contain toxic heavy metals and other harmful substances, and can be used in
road construction and pit filling. These spoil in the transport and disposal
process could have an impact on the environment. Dust brought by transport
vehicles along the way will affect the cleanliness of roads and easily create
dust pollution, which influence atmospheric environment adversely. Unclear
location of disposal site or improper disposal method not only has impact on
the landscape and environmental hygiene, but also affects river flow, causes
soil erosion.
Construction units should develop spoil disposal plan for the project so as
to use construction waste for backfilling and site leveling to the maximum
extent. For the shipped spoil waste, vehicles should be covered with tarpaulin,
take efforts to minimize the road involuntary spill and transport according to
the prescribed path then dispose in stated place.
2) Domestic waste
The daily life of construction staff will produce a certain amount of solid
waste (according to a daily average of 100 constructors, the daily garbage is
about 100 kg). Because of the long route and the scattered personnel
placement, if not handled timely, this will breed mosquitoes, produce stench,
transmit diseases under appropriate temperature conditions, which will bring
an extremely negative impact on the surrounding environment .Therefore,
domestic rubbish should be stacked in specific position or all discharged into
the dustbins in the vicinity of construction site which are handled by the
municipal departments.
6.1.5 Construction impact on traffic
Construction of the pipe networks will have a certain impact on traffic.
Road excavation will lead to vehicular traffic disruption. In addition, pipe
network construction will increase local traffic to a certain extent, increase the
traffic load, and affect smooth traffic flow adversely. However, the impact on
52
traffic is temporary. With the end of the construction in this section, the traffic
impact will also disappear.
6.1.6 Land resource and ecological environment impa ct
Engineering construction will occupy certain land resources, these land
resources will be damaged to different extent, in addition to the land-use
nature of permanent land (water source wells, etc.) is changed, after the
completion of temporary (network) project, the soil fertility, soil structure, site
conditions and so on will be reduced or changed to varying degrees, which is
likely to accelerate erosion, cause soil nutrient loss and reduce the
productivity of land. Except that the productivity of temporary occupied land is
reduced, soil erosion would affect the productivity of the surrounding land: the
non-fertilizer soil on the slope which is excavated, the erosion soil enter the
surrounding land of the project area with rainfall runoff directly, because of the
differences in terrain, most of them are deposited down to form “silt soil”,
which makes the original organic layer be buried and reduces the productivity
of land; part of the erosion soil with small particle size will downstream with
water flow and invade the lower reaches of soil in the form of “clayey soil
water”, which affect the physical and chemical properties of soil and cause a
decline in productivity of land.
Most of the construction projects are constructed on idle floodplain with
some farmland and a green belt. Therefore the government should provide
local farmers with a one-time compensation in accordance with relevant
national provisions of compensation for land requisition, and take measures to
minimize the adverse effects after the completion of construction, such as
rehabilitation and greening compensation.
According to the investigation result, there are no endangered wildlife but
a small amount of rabbits, rodents, frogs and other small wild animals and
magpies, crows, sparrows, and other common birds in the evaluation area.
The disturbance caused by construction will reduce the biomass in the region
to a certain extent, but the region has certain recovery ability and therefore
53
the project do not strongly affect the stability situation of the regional natural
eco-systems, so it is acceptable.
6.1.7 Analysis of population health impact
The engineering quantity of the project is relatively large and the mobility
of construction staff is strong. Temporary construction site is set for
construction of the project; Centralized residence of construction staff will lead
to the easily spread of infectious diseases. To ensure the safety of
construction staff, it must conduct comprehensive disinfection in the
construction area before construction. Staff who will enter the area should be
conducted a comprehensive physical examination, people who are suffering
from infectious diseases is prohibited to enter the construction site. When
infectious diseases and food poisoning occurred on the site, the project
manager should report it to higher-level authorities and local health and
epidemic prevention agencies as soon as possible; actively cooperate with
the sanitation and epidemic prevention departments to investigate and
disinfect, so as to protect the health and safety of construction personnel.
6.2 Environmental impact assessment during operatio n period
1. 6.2.1 Impact of water intake on the underground water resource of this area
According to the demonstration report on “Water Supply Second Phase
Project in Weichang County and Surrounding Areas”, the water layer of the
investigated area in this water intake project were the quaternary allurial-
diluvial sandy gravel porous aquifer, the structural joints and cracks of
bedrock, and the water rock group with mesh cracks. According to the bored
information, the thickness of water layer is 26 meters with the sand, gravel
stones on the top, and the bottom of the bedrock group with structural cracks
and mesh cracks. From the experimental results, it shows that the
permeability coefficient is 11.95m/d, and the layer is rich in water but uneven.
According to experience, the average value of specific yield is about 0.30.This
water layer is distributed along the Dahuanqi River, made by terrace- I, with a
54
catchment area of 27km2, and characterized in zonal distribution. The
embedded depth of the quaternary period water is 1.5-12.7m, the water lever
910.0-982.7m, the natural hydraulic gradient 0.0191.
The porous aquifer of the quaternary period in this area has certain
distributing scope, exposed to the surface of earth directly, and the stratum
has a good permeation. The water layer of supply region was consistent to
that of the distributing region. Because of the feasibility of accepting the
atmospheric precipitation, the sharpness of mountain gradient, the high
velocity of underground water, the runoff condition is well on the aclinic level.
There is good hydraulic relationship between the underground water and
surface water near the river. In rainy season it can take in the river supply,
while in dry season underground water drained though the water pipe
networks to surface water. The main flow direction of the underground in this
region is E~W, in line with the flow direction of surface water. Some
investigations about the water layer have been conducted during the
operation phase (rainless period). It shows that the underground water also
supplies for the river. The annual water lever of underground water ranges
from 1.50~2.00m, the highest in August and September, the lowest in April
and May. In other words, the change of water level has a relationship with the
meteorological seasonal change.
The quaternary allurial-diluvial aquifer has a widely distribution, good
permeation of rock layer; the same supply and distribution region, strong
water abundance, so that the water quantity was abundant. The reserves of
underground water resources are showed in table 6.3:
Table 6.3 The calculated results of water resource quantity
Formula Static reserve (104m3)
Potential flow (m3/d)
Supply amount of river (m3/ d) Remark
QI=µv 2592 µ=0.30
Qg=KIHB 3287 I=0.0191
Qg=αcF 1332 α=0.27
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Qb=BKZ
hH
2
22 − 36710 B=300m
According to the analysis of the hydrological, meteorologic and supply,
drain, flow limited conditions; the balance equation of allowable exploitation
quantity of underground water can be predigested as follows:
QYK ≈QHQ+QYS+QLR (△QB) ≈36710+1332+3287=4.1329×104m3/d
Where: QYK - Allowable exploitation quantity of underground water;
QHQ - Potential flow of river;
QYS - Permeation of rain;
QLR (△QB) - Water that draining into the river.
In dry season, the permeation of rain could be neglected, so the runoff of
surface water reduced. It leads to the shortage of the source of underground
water. Therefore, besides the underground water, the supply water must
consume certain static reverses. If the dry season lasted for 150 days, all
water should be supplied by static reverses; it consumed only a small
proportion of static reverses. Because of the close relationship between the
surface and underground water, the static reverses consumed in dry season
will be supplied in rainy season.
Additionally, the water source area located at a lower area with other
directions much higher, so that the supply of underground runoff beyond the
catchment area exceeds the calculated value. It is guaranteed that this source
can be regarded as a 10,000 m3/d supply source.
In this project, the well will be set near the Daba Village along the
backward position of Dahuanqi River (the cross with Yixun River). The
abundance of water in lower reaches of the river and the wide catchment area
of head water can ensure the water supply. At the head water, the thick forest,
less point pollution source, good water quality and the less hydraulic loss due
to the short distance to the town benefit to the project. The location of the well
is reasonable.
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2. 6.2.2 Impact of the extracting water of the other water consumers
After the project is carried into practice, the underground water level will
decline which will affect the nearby water used for life and agriculture. But this
project has considered the country domestic water as the water supply target.
The nearby agriculture often uses the surface water. The water intake project
will reduce the surface water, but relatively less, and has less impact on
agriculture water.
Therefore, the performance of the project has less effects on the consumers,
without compensation problems, and as well as on the agriculture water.
3. 6.2.3 Impact of noise in water purification plant
The noise source in water plant mainly comes from the mechanical
operation, such as pumps, fans, spin-driers and air compressors. According to
the analogy investigations, the source strength of noise from the machines
used in water plant is 85~90 dB (A). In this project, all noisy machines will be
set in rooms, and some anti-vibration and anti-noise device also will be set to
reduce the noise pollution.
The noise transmitting from the sound source to the receiver can get
attenuation due to the distance, the adsorption of air, the reflection of
obstacles. The predicted model for the assessment of noise is showed as
follows.
LA(r) =Aref (r0)-(Adiv+Abar+Aatm)
Where: LA(r) - Sound level A at the distance of r0;
LAref(r0) - Sound level A at the reference distance of r0;
Adiv - Attenuation of the sound level A due to the geometrical
radiation;
Abar - Attenuation of the sound level A due to the barrier;
Aatm - Attenuation of the sound level A due to air adsorption.
1)Geometrical radiation
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Not considering the transmitting direction of sound source, the geometrical
radiation equation is:
L(r) =L (r0)-20lg(r/r0)
Where: L(r) - Sound level at the distance of r;
L (r0) - Sound level at the distance of r0;
20lg(r/r0) - Attenuation of geometrical radiation, that is A div.
2)Attenuation of the sound level A due to the obstacles
The obstacles located between the sound source and predicted points,
such as walls or buildings, are sound barrier. The existence of sound barrier
doesn’t make the sound wave arrive the predicted point directly so that it
leads to much attenuation. The noise source from rooms contacts the
surrounding structure closely so that the room plays an acoustic enclosure
role in the sound transmission. The sound insulation coefficient for different
material can be found in the related books, and then calculate it according to
the theoretical equation. The sound insulation coefficient changes as the
different conditions. In this EIA, we regard 25 dB (A) as the sound insulation
of the surrounding structure.
3)Attenuation of the air adsorption
The sound attenuation due to the air adsorption is related to the sound
wave frequency, the atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity. The
attenuation of the air adsorption can be calculated by the following equation.
Aatm=A(r-r0)/100
Where: r - Distance from the sound source to predicted point;
r0 - Distance of the reference position, m;
A - Sound absorption coefficient of air per 100 meters.
The noise predicted model of the assessment point is as follows.
0.1 0.110lg(10 10 )1
nL Lb iLi
= ∑=
＋
Where: L - Predictive noise value on assessment point, dB (A);
Lb - Background noise value on assessment point, dB (A);
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Li -Influence value of sound source i on the assessment point, dB
(A).
According to the model, only the high strength sound sources with a
source intensity of 85 dB (A) or above have been taken into consideration.
The equipments run in steady state so that the steady noise parameter
doesn’t conduct frequency division. The ambient air parameters: temperature
10℃, humidity 50% and atmospheric pressure 1atm. The predicted point is
1.5m high to the floor. The background value of the predicted point is gained
from the present measurement results. The predicted results are the weighted
value of different high sound sources at the predicted point (the background
value has been added in it). The present sound value is the highest in the
sound measurement. The predicted values are shown in the table 6.4.
Table 6-4 Predicted noise results of water purifica tion plant (dB (A))
Monitoring point Contributing value Present value Predicted value Remarks
Daytime Night Daytime Night North boundary 30.7
41.4 39.8
41.6 40.3 Eligible West boundary 40.5 42.0 40.0 Eligible South boundary 28.6 41.8 39.9 Eligible East boundary 39.3 42.2 40.5 Eligible House building 32.1 40.1 40.0 40.5 40.1 Eligible
According to the calculations, the noise from the water purification plant
contributes much less to the boundary and sensitive surroundings than the
standard value. Therefore, after the rooms are airproofed and the noise
treatment equipments are set in the places, the noise source from the plant
will lead to little changes to the present surrounding value. The regional
acoustic environment can reach “Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban
Area” (GB3096-93)”Grade II standard
4. 6.2.4 Impact of waste water in water purification plant
The raw water deposited in sedimentation tank will be distributed in water
pipe through the pumps, so no waste water is produced in the process of the
production.
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There will be an integrated office building which fixes 16 persons. It is
assumed that the total number of the employees is 60, every one consumes
120L every day, and the pollutant discharging coefficient is 0.8. Therefore,
about 6.5 tons of domestic sewage will be produced every day, and then
drained in municipal waste pipe net. The main pollutants in domestic sewage
are SS, CODCr, BOD5 and Ammonia – Nitrogen. The domestic sewage in
plant region must be pretreated in septic tank and separation tank, separated
with rain water, and then drained in city drainpipe though the new-built
drainpipe in the plant region. Because of the small production of the drain
water, the effects on the surrounding water are smaller to ensure “Standards
of The Waste Water Drained into Urban Sewage”.
The experimental waste water mainly comes from the experiment course
and equipments cleaning. In order to ensure the steady operation of
equipments and the good quality of effluent, the water quality must be
measured twice a day in the laboratory. Every chemical examination needs
water 10 L, and the equipments cleaning needs 40 L. According to the above
estimated value, the whole waste water is 0.1m3/d. The experimental waste
water can’t be drained directly, or returned to the production process, so it
must be sent to the related unit to treat it.
5. 6.2.5 Impact of sludge in water purification plant
The sludge in the sedimentation tank is mainly the suspended solid in
water. At present, the sludge from the water plant in Weichang County was
piled up near the river bank of Yixun River. This treatment method may need
a large scale of field, lead to water loss and soil erosion, affect the water
quality in rainy season, and bring the dust pollution with the wind in dry
season.
Therefore, it is advisable that the sludge can be made into bricks or used
to fill.
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6. 6.2.6 Effects of canteen on the atmospheric environment in office building
The atmospheric pollution source is mainly the exhaust oil-fume from
canteen. The exhaust gas will be treated to achieve the standard, so it will
have small impact on the environment.
7. 6.2.7 Risk analysis of water purification plant accident
Chlorine dioxide is used for disinfection in the process of purification. It can
kill a variety of pathogenic microorganism, such as virus, spores, anaerobic
bacterium and sulfate reducing bacteria. The disinfection effects have little
relation with the pH value, and without the harmful chloroform, with fewer by-
products and good taste. Compared with chlorine, the decompounded speed
of chlorine dioxide is slower, residence time longer, diffuse speed quicker, so
the disinfection effect is better.
However, chlorine dioxide is unstable with melting point -59.5℃, boiling
point 9.9~11℃ at the pressure of 101kPa, relative density 1.642g/cm3 (0℃,
liquid state), and solubility in water 3.01g/L. It has an excitant smell the same
as chlorine and is easy to be decompounded in the light shine. The chlorine
dioxide with strong oxidizability can react with organic material smartly, even
explode. At the atmospheric pressure, it is easy to explode when it is exposed
to sunshine, heat or CO with the concentration of 10%. It also can be
decompounded spontaneously even at the safety system and the
concentration (8%~12%) when it contacts with rust, lipid or many organic
particles. Because of these characteristics, chlorine dioxide can’t exist in the
gas state. The water plant needs a chlorine dioxide reactor to produce it at
scene.
Generally, chlorine dioxide can be made by sodium chlorate or sodium
chlorite. The process is shown as follows:
Sodium chlorate
Hydrochloric acid
Reactor
Absorbe Feede
Penstock
Treating water
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The security problems in the production of chlorine dioxide consist of the
security of storage and transportation for the raw materials, and that of the
production process.
1)Security of storage and transportation for the raw materials
The raw materials for chlorine dioxide are sodium chlorate, sodium
chlorite, sodium percarbonate, hydrochloric acid and so on. According to the
physical and chemical characteristics of them, the security in the storage and
useness is as follows.
Sodium chlorate: a strong oxidant, stable, easy to be decompounded at 300℃
and burn or explode contacting the sulfur, phosphor or organic material. The
security measures are: ①Keep it in a ventilated, shady and cool and dry place
far away from the deoxidized materials, acid and organic materials. ②In the
course of transportation, prevent from the sunshine, rain, and strikes. No
transportation with the deoxidized materials, acid and organic materials.
Sodium chlorite: it can’t be burned itself, but easily to burn or explode
when contacts with the deoxidized or combustible materials. Do harm to eyes,
skin, and respiratory tract. If inbreathe it, the person will get the edema of
lungs or even death. When poisoned, person will get sore throat, cough, hard
respiration, diarrhea, vomit or blurred vision. The security measures are:
①Keep ventilated at the operating scene. The operators need to put on the
safeguards. If they get poisoned, they should go away the scene at once,
wash the mouth and eyes, and then be sent to the hospital.②Sodium chlorite
should be kept in an airtight, shady, cool, dry room that is not made of wood.
No transportation and conservation with the deoxidized or combustible
materials, acid and organic materials. Prevent from the sunshine, rain and
strikes. Handle with care.
Hydrochloric acid: toxic, high causticity. High concentration of it can burn
the skin, or lead to blind. If inbreathe it, the person will get cough, asphyxia or
canker of respiratory tract. The security measures are: ①Put on the safeguard
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to protect the skin and eyes when use hydrochloric acid especially the high
concentration of it. ②It should be transported in airtight tank car with the inner
lining of rubber or PVC, and kept in PVC cans. ③Prevent the out leakage
because of the break of cans. ④When exposed to the open air, it should be
put under the asbestos shingle or the glass steel tile. Do not conserve it with
vitriol and nitric acid. Do not transport it with the alkaline materials, metal
powder, oxidant or cyanide.
2)Security problem in the preparation process of chlorine dioxide
The preparation of chlorine dioxide can be achieved in the following ways.
The reaction equations are as follows.
Sodium chlorate method: 2NaClO3 + 4HCl 2ClO2 + C12 + 2H2O +
2NaCl
Sodium chlorite method: 5NaClO2 + 4HCl 4ClO2 + 5NaCl + 2H2O
The leakage of chlorine dioxide are caused by the incomplete adsorption
or the half airtight of the production system. Once it is leaked, the harm
includes: ①doing harm to respiratory tract and eyes, and burning the skin.
②The excess of the limit concentration (10% in the air) will lead to explode.
③Polluting the air.
The unbalance of the proportion of raw materials and the high reaction
speed will lead to the operation out of control. Industrial ClO2 can be prepared
by NaClO3 or NaClO2 as well as high concentrated hydrochloric acid. The
designed yield is determined by the proportion of raw materials and proper
reaction speed. If the proportion of raw materials is unbalance, the result will
change. If hydrochloric acid is added much quick, it will lead to the yield of
ClO2 quick. Thus, the chlorine dioxide will be at a super saturation state, if it
doesn’t leak out from the system, it will lead to high pressure. Meanwhile, if
the pressure of the reaction system exceeds the limit, explosion will happen.
Additionally, NaClO3 and NaClO2 must be confected into solution of certain
concentration. Do not put hydrochloric acid with the solid raw material
together, otherwise the explosion will happen.
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In case the accident happens, chlorine dioxide and the by-product chlorine
leak. Consequently, it is toxic to human beings, and lead to asphyxia, even to
death. Therefore, some accident emergency plans should be made in order to
reduce the accident risk.
8. 6.2.8 Potential pollution and protection of the water supply source
According to the monitoring report about the underground water of the
source, the water quality is good enough to satisfy “Sanitary Standard for
Drinking Water” (GB5749-85). According to the municipal general plan of
Weichang County, the industries mainly located at the Group Nancheng
occupying the lower reaches so that they have no potential pollution to the
water source.
With the development of the economy and the extension of the city, the
sewage from city life, household garbage, and pollutant from corporations will
have a serious risk to the water source if the government don’t limit the land
use near the water source. Once the waters especially underground waters
are polluted, it is difficult to recover.
In this project, it is evitable that there are many clinker-built pipes between
the aqueduct, distributing pipes and the drain pipe. Therefore, if the pipe was
broken, the sewage would have been intermingled in the water supply system
which could lead to the pollution accident of drinking water. The aqueduct and
distributing pipes will be laid along the beach of Yixun River, and therefore it is
possible that the pollution accident of drinking water due to the broken pipe.
Therefore, the feasible measures should be taken to protect the pipes of
the water source region. According to “Law of the People's Republic of China
on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution”, “Rules for Implementation of
the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution”, as well as the
development plan, environment protection plan, they must partition the
protected area and protect the underground and surface water based on the
homeostasis of water source. Additionally, pay more attention to the source
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water quality in order to provide basis and evidence for the water protection
and supply. For the environmental risk for the contingency water pollution,
some measures must be taken to insure the timely control to minimize the
loss and harm.
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II. 7 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION MEASURES
A. 7.1 Environment protection measures during the construction period
1. 7.1.1 Fugitive dust prevention and control measures
The project produces fugitive dust pollution during the construction period.
There are many factors have relationship with influence scope of fugitive dust,
such as acreage of construction site, management level of construction,
mechanization degree of construction, frequency and season of construction
and soil quality and weather of construction area. According to “Regulations of
Hebei Province on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution”, the
prevention and control measures of this project should be taken or strengthen
as follows:
1)Construction area, office area and living area of construction site should be
built and management separately. Establishments for living and office should
arrangement scientifically and rationally, and should conformity with regulations
concerned which are about municipal environment, sanitation, fire control safety, and
standardization management of construction safely and civilized.
2)Materials including all kinds of establishments, building materials, equipment
and facilities, products, semi-manufactured goods, fittings, .etc. should be deposited
according to construction ichnography, and should be marked. Deposit building
materials, dreg and soil of the project, and building garbage that be intermixed or
piled on the road outside of the construction site which is not allow are prohibited.
3)Sand, stone and other loose material which piled up in the construction site
should be set no lower than 0.5m height than the stacked pool, and the exposed part
should be covered with covering. Earthworks, engineering residue soil and garbage
should be classified and piled up concentrated, which height should not exceed the
height of barrier, and measures should be taken such as covering, solidify.
4)During the construction period, enhancing road management and conservation,
and maintaining the road flat, cleaning topsoil timely. Roads in construction site
should be regular watered every day, transport vehicles into the construction site
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should be low-speed driving. When transport of spoil, lime, sand and gravel canvas,
coverage should be used. Also, in construction site where is piling up material should
be regular watered every day. While in strong winds day, increasing the volume and
frequency of watering.
2. 7.1.2 Domestic sewage treatment measures
Waste water during the construction period is domestic sewage mostly. As
construction site with high fluidity, management should be strengthened by
construction company; the temporary lavatory should be built in the
construction site, domestic sewage should be collected and disposed uniform,
so that reach the requirement of “Standards of The Waste Water Drained into
Urban Sewage”, and then drain to municipal sewage pipe network.
Water turbidity increases as depletion of water and soil during the
progress of dig in construction, so protection measures should be taken to
reduce the amount of mud and sand draining to the river, and work of
preserving bank and water and soil conservation should be done well.
3. 7.1.3 Noise prevention and control measures during construction period
Low noise machines should be used by the construction company.
Maintenance and management of the machines should be strengthen, and try
the best to reduce the mechanical noise when machines are be operated,
such as using hydraulic pressure machines instead of fuel machines, using
high frequency oscillator. The temporary enclosure should be built in the
hypersensitive zone. Operating the immovable machines in the workshop, if it
can be not, operating it by build one side sound barrier properly.
To reduce the noise in the construction area which closes to residential
area, it should not only to using low noise machines and tools, but also to
following the right schedule to construction. Do not arrange the high noise
construction at the time from 10 p.m. to next 6 a.m. A request has been
submitted to environment protection department and bulletining the resident, if
work double tides is needed.
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4. 7.1.4 Solid waste treatment and disposal measures
Much drilling slurry will be produced by water intake project, and a mass of
scrap soil will be produced by the excavation of water carrying pipe network.
As scrap soil has no heavy metals and other toxic and harmful substances, it
can be used to be soil for repairing road and filling hole, or be used to be raw
material for making bricks. Building company should make a disposal plan to
the scrap soil, so that will make a great use of it to backfill and flatting ground.
All the scrap soil can be disposed. For scrap soil that transport outside,
vehicles should be covered, and try the best to avoiding spill and transporting
under the appointed route, and disposal at the appointed places.
Much of living garbage will be made in builder’s daily life (100kg of
garbage will be made per day in terms of 100 builders per day). So some
workers should be designated to manage the solid waste. Do not allow to
chuck garbage randomly. Simple dustbin should be set, cleaned duly, and
transport to municipal department. Interfusing living garbage to build garbage
is strictly prohibited.
5. 7.1.5 Population health protection measures
Sanitation of construction site: dejecta within the lavatory should hollow
out and transport outside of the site, urinal and cesspit should be sterilized by
quicklime and then covered with clean soil. Dust heap and buildings should be
sterilized by the way of phenol petrol engine driven spray.
Human health protection measures: builders who are new entrant should
taking the health and quarantine, and kitchen of the site should taking
physical examination and taking knowledge training of health and quarantine.
Protect water resource, eliminate pollution, check the sanitation of drinking
water quality and foods to migrant workers periodically, and cut off the
approach to polluting drinking water. Clear and transport the living garbage to
the pointed site to pile up or bury in time by the health request.
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6. 7.1.6 Land resource and ecological environment protection
Construction work will disturb the land surface and occupy the land
resource. These may destroy soil structure of land surface’s original state and
vegetation, conserve water and soil, debase anti-erode capacity, weaken or
even bankruptcy the water and soil conservation function of the disturbed land
surface, that make more water and soil depletion, and it may has great
influence to agricultural production and ecological environment.
Permanent land occupation such as water intake well and pump room will
reduce land resource, so that building company should pay one-off
compensation to local peasant as the requirement of governmental land
compensation. For temporary using land, building company should not only
recoup of agricultural loss on that year, but also reasonably arrange
construction machines and transportation facilities that using less land.
Shorten the construction period: separately pile up topsoil so that reclamation
can be started after finishing construction.
Building company should choose land of low vegetation coverage, so that
vegetation can be resumed after finishing construction. Keep well
management and protection, and make sure that repair function of land
surface with great usefulness in the period of vegetation resuming.
Also, ensure that condition of construction sewage get the standard of
governance. Drain to land surface directly is prohibited.
B. 7.2 Pollution protection measures during operation period
1. 7.2.1 Groundwater resource protection
Protection of intake and using water and water resource ar in this project
should according to related laws and regulations such as “Environmental
Protection Law of the People's Republic of China” and “Law of the People's
Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution”. etc., and
constitute relevant water resource protection measures, so that achieve the
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aim of the construction can avoid water and soil conservation, prevent water
pollution, save water and protect water environment.
Main engineering measures include:
1)In order to prevent water pollution, the height of new well should higher than
underside of well edge, so that avoiding pollution as rainwater and sewage run into
the well. Keep well protection to mouth of the well. New well should be designed and
constructed strict according to requirement of “Technical Specifications of Well”
(SL256-2000), and be managed by the specifications, so that the efficiency of the well
can be improved, and valuable groundwater can be used sufficiently and rationally.
2)Using industrial effluent or domestic sewage should be controlled strictly to
irrigation within the radius scope of well. Pesticide with permanent and virulent effect
should be prohibited. Health defense area should be built at 25-30 meter around fine
sand aquifer well and 400-500 meter around gravel aquifer well.
3)Afforestation should be taken on the pointed distance of upriver water resource
land, so that avoiding desertification, improving greening rate, conserving water,
protecting environment.
4)Project of collecting rainwater should be taken in the construction service area,
so that it can be used on low water quality requirement use such as afforestation,
flushing lavatory, watering plants, .etc. This establishment can shorten the distance of
rainwater pipe, using rainwater resource sufficiently, and providing rainwater can be
drained out.
5)A sewage treatment plant is proposed project as requirement of Weichang
county overall plan. After sewage treatment plant operating normally, reclaimed water
reuse can be taken that use reclaimed water to irrigating farmland, municipal
afforestation, and watering plants, .etc. This project can reduce the use of groundwater,
avoiding the influence to downriver water quality, and relieving condition of water
resource scarcity.
Other measures include:
1)Factory that discharging three wastes is prohibited to be built in upper reaches
of newly built water source areas.
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2)Do not use sewage to irrigate farmland and use pesticide with permanent and
virulent effect within the radius scope of exploitation.
3)Comply with principles of development rationally and using and protecting
efficiently while intake water, so that improving sustainable use of water source.
Dividing water resource land protection area uniformly according to the county
developing program, environment protection program, .etc, and taking protection to
homeostasis of water resource and water quality of surface water and groundwater
according to the related requirement.
4)Develop water-saving industry and agriculture, improve reusing rate of
industrial water. Carry on water-saving project which including sprinkler irrigation
farming and seepage control groundwater pipes. Keep consolidating the propaganda
of saving water, build up public’s awareness of how to using and saving water
efficiently. Implement expropriation system of water resource expense, install high-
tech measure establishments such as intelligent IC card, etc., logging water flow rate
by water meter, pricing by stere, fixing price by category, supplying water by ration,
rewarding factories which saving water and fining factories which overstepping the
required amount.
5)Intensify water quality monitoring of water resource in the period of operation,
analyzing soil component in important health protection area of water resource land,
and offer foundation and basis for water quality protection and water supply.
6)Constitute contingency plan to pollution accident of water quality, ensuring
right measures can be taken immediately when there is a risk happened, and
minimization the loss and harm.
2. 7.2.2 Protection of water distribution network
Water distribution network should not be piled up with toxic and harmful
substances and corrosive substances. Before installation litter in the pipe
should be cleaned up.
Water distribution network should try the best to avoiding lap part to
sewage pipe network. If water distribution network cross to the sewage
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draining pipe network is unavoidable, it is necessary to lay the water supply
pipe upper, and any lapped pontes is not allowed. If water supply pipe under
sewage draining pipe, steel tube or steel bushing should be used. The length
of bushing should over each edge of cross pipe at least 3m, and waterproof
material should be use to two ports of bushing. When water supply pipe and
sewage pipe network are parallel laid, horizontal net distance should longer
than 1.5m, so that the pollution risk of drinking water because of pipe breaking
can be avoided.
Pipe network distribution should be avoided to crossing toxic materials,
biological pollution, and corrosive area. If water distribution network need to
cross river, a sampling place and shut-off valves should be set at each side of
the river for monitoring water quality of water supply pipe. If water quality
pollution happened, shut-off valves should be closed, avoiding pollution
accidence happened, and rushing to repair the pipe immediately.
3. 7.2.3 Health protection measures for wastewater treatment plant
1)In the health dependence zone and production place, conservation zone
and its scope should be marked clearly. The following sites should not be set
in 30m around outside of wastewater treatment factory: residential area,
animal and poultry farms, water-permeability lavatory, wastewater infiltration
canal and landfill of garbage, dejecta, waste residue, .etc. The location of
wastewater collecting pipe network should be controlled strictly.
2)Disinfection room and medicament storehouse building at lee wastewater
treatment factory is the best choose, and keep the safety distance to duty
room and residential area.
3)Lavatory in the factory should meet health requirement. Building water-
permeability outhouse and cesspit is prohibited. The distance between
building and lavatory, septic tanks should longer than 10m. Domestic sewage
in wastewater treatment factory should be drained in separate pipe, and the
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last sewage outfall should be set at the downriver wastewater treatment
factory, and complying with health protection requirement.
4)Clean water tank and high-water-level tank should have measures of
ensuring water fluidity and avoiding dead end. While cubage is larger than
50m3, guide wall should be built. Expedite drainage around clean water tank
and high-water-level tank. Vented barrel and vortex finder of clean water tank
connect to sewer directly is prohibited, so that avoiding pollution.
5)Clean water tank and high-water-level tank should be covered, and earthed
up the top of tank and around. Blowhole should be set at the top of tanks so
that cross-ventilation. The diameter of blowhole is better smaller than 150mm,
and exit better higher than earthed up top 0.7m. Blowhole should take
measures to prevent garbage and animals get in.
6)Any goods and garbage that may pollute water quality cannot be piled up on
the top of clean water tank. Using fertilizer and pesticide is prohibited strictly
when growing plants on the top of clean water tank.
4. 7.2.4 Noise pollution prevention and control measures for wastewater treatment plant
Noise in the factory is almost making by operation of transmission
machines inside of factory, such as water pump, fan, spin-drier, air
compressor, etc., and automobiles outside. Acoustic materials and acoustic
baffle cover should be added to intake pump. Choosing new low noise
machines, enhancing maintenance to noise machines, reducing noise which
is caused by increasing mechanical abrasion. Arranging transport schedule
rationally so that it can reducing the influence of noise environment in the
factory.
5. 7.2.5 Sludge pollution prevention and control measures of wastewater treatment plant
Sludge is mostly brought from suspended matters in the clean water tank
of factory. Sludge of Weichang County now is transporting to Yixun River’s
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idle place of bank for piling up. Making brick or filling land by pressing the
sludge is suggested.
6. 7.2.6 Accident environment risk prevention and control measures of wastewater treatment plant
ClO2 is used to disinfection in the progress of cleaning water in the factory.
Chemic character of ClO2 is very unstable and easy to detonate. When
accident happened, ClO2 and its degradation byproduct- Cl2 will leak. People
who inhale too much ClO2 and Cl2 may lead people poisoning, serious
symptom is asphyxiation, which is threat life. So, efficient elusion measures
should be taken to minimize risk of accident.
1)Complying with management measures of hazardous chemicals, separate
conservation and avoiding light of oxidant, reducer and acid.
2)Examining and repairing producing machines of ClO2 termly, so that ensuring
the air tightness of reactor, pneumatic circuit system and absorbability system, and
preventing the leak of ClO2. Keep ventilation well of production environment.
3)Complying with production process requirement of ClO2, and standardization
operation of confecting concentration of material, adjusting volume ratio, and
controlling the speed of feed.
4)Strengthen operator; safety prevention awareness. Operator should join the
safety knowledge training termly. Make sure that operator can resolve the accident,
such as liquor spilling on his skin and clothes, ClO2 leakage, etc.
5)Installing leakage detection annunciator and absorber, so that absorbing Cl2
and ClO2 in the leakage accident immediately. Also aerator should be set to
preventing excess of Cl2 and ClO2 in the room. Switch of aerator should be set at both
operation table and outdoor room, so that emission of Cl2 and ClO2 in the room.
Full time security officer and environmental protection academic
commissioner should be employed in chlorinating room, who with
responsibility for safety production work of chlorination room by efficiently use
of accident contingency plan system. An accident contingency group which
includes factory director, department leaders of production, safety, and
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environmental protection should be established. When accident happened,
the group should commanding succor. Contingency treatment planning
content:
1)While the accident happened, warning should be sounded.
2)Company should look up the accident place, leakage point and reason, and
measures should be taken to control the accident.
3)The group and rescue team must be soon arrived, and make decision to
accident condition and dangerous degree.
4)The group should organize people to guard and check around. If necessary, the
leaders should organize workers and other people evacuate immediately. Rescue
wounded person and poisoned person, and guide to take protection measures.
5)Leader group organize related people to find out reasons of accident with
department which accident happened. Propose to control and eliminate accident, and
inform local safety and fire department immediately, organize people to rescue and
dispose accident.
6)Environment protection monitoring person should monitor the accident site
and diffuse places, organize people to repair machines urgently and dispose accident.
When the accident was disposed, environment protection monitoring person should
organize an accident investigation group to investigate the accident, draw lessons and
fulfill the protection measures.
7)After accident, wounded person should be compensated and impacted area
should be recovered by the impact degree according to governmental policy.
All the measures and plans are with the purpose to nip in the bud and prevent
accident happened.
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III. 8 CLEANER PRODUCTION ANALYSIS AND TOTAL CAPACI TY
CONTROL
Cleaner production analysis of the project mainly includes four parts:
material use, resource consumption, resource comprehensive utilization and
pollutants generation and disposal.
A. 8.1 Material cleaning analysis
This is a municipal water supply project, which the water resource is
cleaner material.
B. 8.2 Resource consumption
Chief energy consumption of the project are illumination power, living and
office water-consumption, and electrical equipment such us pump of power
transformation and distribution in water source and disinfection station, dosing
machine, etc. Power of water source deep pumped well room in the project is
supplied by transformer substation nearby. Daily water is supplied by the
project. The use of water and power can be filled. Table of energy
consumption index in the project as follows:
Table 8.1 Energy consumption table
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Item Daily amount of
energy consumption
Annual amount of energy
consumption Coefficient
Convert into standard coal
(SC) Amount of power use
2452 Kw·h/d 8.95×105 Kw·h/y 0.404kg SC /Kw·h 361.58t SC /y
Amount of water use 1m3/d 365 m3/y 0.243kg SC /m3 0.09t SC /y
Sum 361.67t SC /y
C. 8.3 Energy management and energy-saving measures in the project
1. 8.3.1 Energy management
Computation, control, intendance and scientific management of energy
utilization are not only the basic work of energy-saving technology progress,
but also the necessary methods for achieving process and optimal operation.
Power computation method in the project is massive quantity power
supply, and computed power and lighting separately. Installing unaided
lighting loop on low pressure switch cabinet, and computed separately.
Energy consumption historical notes, statistical ledger and energy
consumption ration management should be established perfectly. Full time
worker employed by production section should analyzing energy statistic and
testing energy balance, and delivering to production section and technology
section to analyze the previous result, so that increasing energy-saving effect
by improving methods and perfecting management.
2. 8.3.2 Energy-saving measures
1)Process energy-saving measures
Design to use submersible pump that can well saving energy, which can reduce
loss of pump pipe’s head in well and save energy. 10 wells constitute a well group.
After comparison of the plans, chose the plan that less investment and low energy
consumption so that can save steel products and increase energy-saving effect.
a. Ensured the precondition of process work, and then try the best to finish more
technological work by the shortest technological lines.
b. Choosing steady credible mechanical properties, easy operation and
maintenance, low energy consumption advanced machines on the premise that meet
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the output. Installed capacity of the machines should rational.
c. Requiring operators perform operation rules strictly on every production link
to reduce malfunction, fault clearance and avoid unloaded in operation and repaired
management.
d. While turn on or off machines, uniform control should combine with
operations by workers, so that avoiding racing.
2)Electric energy-saving measures
Electric power capacitor should be use to fill up the reactive power, so that
reducing losses of circuitry and transformer.
3)Building energy-saving measures
Buildings should be designed according to “Criterion of Civil Building
Energy-saving Design” (JGJ26-95), “Criterion of Civil Building
Thermodynamic Engineering Design” (GB50176-93) and “Criterion of Public
building Energy-saving Design” (GB50189-2005). Building shape coefficient
and window to wall ratio should be controlled, and other related energy-saving
measures should be taken as follows:
Materials that heat preservation, energy-saving and environment
protection should be used on enclosing construction outside the building. Infill
wall of frame structure should use aerated concrete block. Masonry structure
should use sintered porous brick. Heat preservation of roof should use
100mm polystyrene broad. Ceiling of no heating basement should use 70mm
polystyrene broad. Outer thermal insulation which is 50mm polystyrene
should be used to external wall. Energy-saving bridge-cut aluminum alloy
windows should be used to doors and windows of external wall. Insulating
glass should be used. Air tightness standard of doors and windows which is
inlaid is IV.
4)Advanced water supply technology should be used
a. Variable speed driving pump must be used in submersible pump of water
source well, so that adjusting hydraulic pressure and water quantity automatically
according to water load, and energy-saving efficiently.
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b. Using the most economical chlorination quantum by automatic monitoring
control, so that disinfection efficiently.
c. Connection pipes among wells of water source should be integrative laid, so
that reducing resistance loss of pipes and shunt-wound influence between pumped
wells, appropriate magnifying pipe diameter, reducing energy consumption, and
increasing the effect of energy-saving. As fluxion water level is higher at initial stages
of put-to-produce, reducing impeller progression of pumped well should be taken to
control the water production and delivery lift within a rational scope, and try the best
to get better energy-saving effect.
d. Rationally arrange free head of water distribution, so that water supply system
can satisfy the most water requirement. Few tier building higher than the free
hydraulic pressure part of distribution, solving it by additional pressuring. Increasing
hydraulic pressure of whole distribution should be avoided for satisfying water supply
hydraulic pressure of several high points which may waste energy.
D. 8.4 Production and disposal of contamination in the project
1)In the period of construction, lots of scrap soil would be produced. As scrap
soil has no heavy metals and other toxic and harmful substances, it can be used to be
soil for repairing road and filling hole, or be used to be raw material for making bricks.
Building company should make a disposal plan to the scrap soil, so that will make a
great use of it to backfill and flatting ground. All the scrap soil can be disposed.
2)Sludge is mostly brought from suspended matters in the clean water tank of
factory. Sludge of Weichang County now is transporting to Yixun River’s idle place of
bank for piling up. Making brick or filling land by pressing the sludge is suggested.
E. 8.5 Total amount control analysis
According to the national regulation, the factors of total amount control
which is related to the prepared construction project are COD Cr, ammonia,
nitrogen, and solid waste in the living sludge.
The water source of the project owns a integrated office building and the
number of the stuff is 16 (the flock of stuff is assembled from the water supply
factory); the number of the wastewater treatment factory’s stuff is 60 and the
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number of living water is 120L per day, the modulus of discharging pollution is
0.8, so the production of the domestic sewage is 6.5t per day. On the
precondition that meets the requirement of “Standards of The Waste Water
Drained into Urban Sewage”, domestic sewage is disposed partly by no-
leaking septic tanks and Oil-separating tanks, and then it drains from new
drainage network into the drainage network directly in the factory. The
discharge of the COD Cr is about 0.14t/a, the discharge of NH3-N is about
0.035t/a. the Generation of the sludge in clean water tank of wastewater
treatment factory is about t. Making brick or filling land by pressing the
sludge is suggested, therefore the total amount control index of solid waste is
0 t.
The construction company should apply to the local environment
administrative department for assessment suggestion of various
contaminations’ total amount control, and then unfired and conformable
confirmation according to local contamination total amount control index by
the local environment administrative department.
IV. 9 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ANALYSIS
A. 9.1 Purpose and meaning of public participation
Public participation is an important part of environmental impact
assessment. Environmental impact assessment of construction project needs
to consider not only the impact to regional environmental quality, but also the
influence of exploitation and construction to local resident and public. So it is
important to implement public participation. The functions of public
participation are:
1)Inform public that environmental problem maybe occurred by the project in
the process of public participation, and get support of public after full understanding
of this project. Also improve the environment protection awareness of public.
2)The public, especially the public who influent by the project construction
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directly, have direct and sensitive feeling to the environment question related the
project and relevant environment impact, so that public may notice some important
environmental problem and impact, and may give valuably attitudes on feasibility of
environment protection measures. It is in favor of environment impact assessment.
3)In way of public participation, attitudes and opinions to the project could be
obtained so that vindicating the interests of public. Adopting feasibility suggestions
sufficiently in the process of environment impact can reduce the worries on public by
less communication between the company and public, and try the best to avoid
disadvantageous impact to interest of public and compensate them.
4)Public intendance makes an essential effect in the work of post assessment of
environment impact assessment. Active participation of public is a necessary part of
environment management mechanism, so that positive to protect ecological
environment, increase the environmental and economic benefit of the project, raise
environment quality, and ensure the implement of sustainable development stratagem.
5)Combine with public participation, environment impact assessment should be
repaired for the negligence and pretermission that may be occurred, so that the plan,
programming and environmental monitoring and management will be more perfect
and reasonable. Try the best to get the optimized unification of three parts that
environment benefit, social benefit and economic benefit for construction in the
project.
With the development of environment protection career, environment
awareness of people become increasing. Communication and discussion
between construction project and local public should be well done. Public can
be more general understood of impact to the environment around in the
project implement process. Environment impact assessment should be
repaired for the negligence and pretermission that may be occurred, that
exerts better environmental and economic benefit. Otherwise, participation of
public may help related departments to constitute environment protection
measures which fit to the local condition, provide suggestions for reducing
pollution to construction company and gain benefit to locus of project, make
the plan and programming will be more perfect and reasonable, and the
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furthest reducing of impact to the environment around which is occurred by
project implement. In a word, implementing of public participation is positive to
recognizing environment problems in the construction and using process of
the project, ensuring scientificity, pertinency and maneuverability of
environment protection measures.
B. 9.2 Models of public participation
1. 9.2.1 Survey principles
Public participation follows the principles that unify pertinency, facticity,
universality and randomicity. Try the best to make principles scientific,
objective, equitable and comprehensive.
2. 9.2.2 Survey methods
According to the regulation of “Public Participation Provisional Measures of
Environment Impact Assessment”, publishing information that environment
impact assessment related, asking for public’s opinions. Promulgating bulletin
of questionnaire opinion by multi-ways such as media, .etc, so public detailed
understand related information which regulation drafted and main content of
regulations and rules. Make sure chief objects and advantageous and
disadvantageous related information of the regulations and rules, and remove
obstacle of participation. Building a timely feedback system of public opinions
and preventing administrative department control the course of hearing
opinion. Feedback of public opinions should be fulfilled to every
corresponding part of the regulations and rules according to “Public
Participation Provisional Measures of Environment Impact Assessment”. For
example, within 5 working days when receive public opinions, published
opinions to society, giving feedback immediately and reason must be done.
This public participation takes the way which combines public on internet
and interview and put out questionnaires.
1)Public on internet
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According to the requirement of “Public Participation Provisional Measures of
Environment Impact Assessment”, publication should be taken at before and
after finishing initial stages of EIA and draft of EIA. Public may understand
detailed information about related construction project in time.
2)Internet and interview and put out questionnaires
First, introduce informant the condition which including the project’s
background, building place, constructive content and scale, constructive
schedule, overall plan, and so on. Then, request opinions about environment
problem in the project from informant. Finally, coordinate the opinions and
questionnaires, and get public’s chief attitudes and suggestions of
environment impact about proposed project. Supply references to decision
making department.
C. 9.3 Public on internet
1. 9.3.1 First information publicity
According to the requirements of “Public Participation Provisional
Measures of Environment Impact Assessment” and related documents issued
by environmental protection bureau of Chengde city, assessment institution
public the basic information of the project on website named environment
impact assessment fans (http://www.eiafans.com/) in the initial stages of the
project by commission of building company. Public information can be viewed
by linked: http://www.eiafans.com/thread-17703-1-1.html, and showed in table
8.1.
2. 9.3.2 Second information publicity
Upon completion of the draft of environment impact report, assessment
institution public more information on website named environment impact
assessment fans (heep://www.eiafans.com/thread-18209-1-1.html) on the
date of . Main contents are:
1) Brief description of construction project.
2) Summarize to environment impact that construction project may occur.
3) Key points of prevention or mitigation measures for adverse environment impact.
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4) Key points of EIA conclusions which are presented in environment impact report.
5) Ways and time limit that public view environment impact report, and ways and
time limit that public need complementary information from Construction
Company and commissioned EIA institution.
6) Scope and main proceedings of public opinions which are asked for.
7) Concrete forms of public opinions which are asked for.
8) starting and ending time of public giving their opinions
D. 9.4 Public survey
1. 9.4.1 Forms and content of survey
The public survey is implemented by water supply Company of Weichang
County and environment plan and assessment Institution of Nankai
University. Water Supply Company is with responsibility for putting out and
taking back questionnaires, and environment plan and assessment Institution
of Nankai University is with responsibility for making public participation
questionnaire and analyzing result. Put out questionnaires and survey random
were the main ways, and also spot communion were taken. (Public
questionnaire is as follows.)
Table 9.1 EIA public participation questionnaire of water supply second phase project in Weichang County and surrounding areas
Full Name Career Ag Gende Cultural
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e r Degree
Home address：
Water supply second phase project in Weichang County and surrounding areas is a small town development project of Hebei Province which is provided a loan by Asian development Bank. New water supply region is on 27km far away the west of Weichang county (upwards infall of Dahuan river and Yixun river, nearby Dabahao village). The water carrying pipes distance between new water source region and actuality water factory of county totally 27km. Most pipes construct under the idle places of bank. Water source region is designed to supply water with a capacity of 10,000 m3 per day in the near future (2010). Main construction including water intake project and water conveyance project. Wastewater treatment factory will use the existing water supply facilities. And water distribution will use the existing pipe network. Construction of the project may resolve the problems of supply water source pollution and lack of water supply, .etc, so that water supply system of Weichang County meets the requirement of overall program on county development, and improves living quality of local resident. In order to survey and understand impact on environment during construction and operation phases of the proposed project, public participation survey should be taken. Therefore, please mark “√” on the options you will choose.
Institute of Environmental Planning and Assessment of Nankai University
June 2008 1. Did you know the project? ☐Known ☐Heard ☐Unknown
：2. What is your attitude on the project ☐Agree ☐ Oppose ☐Don’t mind Reasons of oppose: 3. How did you know condition of the project? ☐ Daily contact ☐The survey ☐Others 4. Which environmental problem you consider that may be brought by the project? ☐ Ecological damage ☐Noise ☐ Domestic sewage during construction period ☐ Construction residual soils ☐ Construction fugitive dust polluted environment ☐others 5. How is the water quantity and quality now you use? ☐Good ☐ Commonly ☐Worse 6. Ecological environment influence to building region is: ☐Great ☐ Commonly ☐Nothing ☐Unknown 7. What is your attitude about the pollution produced in construction and operation? ☐Don’t mind ☐Can bear ☐Need to prevention and control 8. Do you think water source region is rational? ☐Rational ☐Irrational 9. How is the overall effect of the project? ☐With great advantages ☐The same advantages and disadvantages ☐More disadvantages ☐No advantages
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10. What are your opinions and suggestions about the construction and operation of the project?
2. 9.4.2 Results of public survey
EIA public survey put out and took back 65 questionnaires, ratio of
availability is 100%. The people who were surveyed has representational,
which has worker, farmer, cadre, and so on of different age, education
degree. The basic information of people who be surveyed and results of
public survey show in the following table.
Table 9.2 Basic information of people surveyed
Item Amount of people Percentage of effective questionnaire (%)
Gender Male
Female
Age
21—30 years old
31—40 years old
41—50 years old
51—60 years old
Over 60 years old
Education Degree
Lower than junior high school education
Junior high school education
Senior high school or technical secondary
school education
Junior college, bachelor education or higher
Career
Personnel of enterprises and public
institutions and company
Famer
Professional worker
Distance of family address to the
Shorter than 100m
100 - 300m
300—1000m
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project Longer than 1000m
Table 9-3 Collecting results of public survey
Content of survey Standpoint
Statistical condition
Amount of people
Proportion (%)
Did you know the project? Known 19 29 Heard 44 68
Unknown 2 3
What’s your attitude on the project Active support 63 97
Disinterest 1 2 Oppose 1 2
How did you know condition of the project?
Daily contact 15 23 The survey 44 68
Others 6 9
How is the water quantity and quality now you use?
Good 16 25 Commonly 43 66
Worse 6 9 Do you think water source region
is rational? Rational 64 98 Irrational 1 2
Which environmental problem you consider that may be brought by
the project?
Ecological damage 4 6
Noise 13 20 Domestic sewage
during construction
period
12 18
Construction abandoned soils 7 11
Construction fugitive dust
polluted environment
13 20
Others 16 25
Ecological environment influence to building region is
Great 6 9 Commonly 40 62
Nothing 14 22 Unknown 5 8
What is your attitude about the pollution produced in construction
and operation?
Don’t mind 19 29 Can bear it 11 17
Need to prevention and
control 35 54
How is the overall effect of the project?
With great advantages 61 94
The same advantages and 3 5
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disadvantages More
disadvantages 1 2
No advantages 0 0
3. 9.4.3 Analysis of the public survey
Survey results show that 97 percent of the public actively support this
project; 66% of the public think that the current situation of water supply and
quality in Weichang County is normal, 25 percent of the public think that is
good, 9 percent of the public complain that water is poor, 98 percent of the
public consider the choice of the water source region is reasonable, 20
percent of the public think that major environmental problem of the project
construction is noise, another 20 percent believe that is the issues of fugitive
dust, 18 percent believed that the project construction period of major
environmental problem is the living polluted water, 11 percent and 6 percent
believed that the major environmental problems of the project construction
period are the construction spoil and ecological damage; 62% of public think
that construction project make little impact on the ecological environment, 54
% think the pollution of the construction project needs to be controlled; 94% of
the public believe that this project will make a great benefit.
Results of the survey show that people's active participation in public is
high. They can make an objective understanding of the region's economic and
environmental benefits of the works. And have a well awareness of protecting
the environment.
4. 9.4.4 Public suggestions and requirements on environment protection
According to the analysis of public participation survey (questionnaires,
verbal consultation and feedback of published information), public’s
environment protection suggestions and requirement are:
� Strengthen prevention of fugitive dust in construction, and alleviate its impact
on atmosphere environment.
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� Prevent noise; mainly construction equipment noise impact on residents living
Construction
� Company should give more explanation and paganism to resident. Influenced
resident should be compensated, and try the best to correspond the relationship with
resident around.
� Strengthen protection of water source and water quality in construction and
operation of the project.
� Environmental protection department and other related department should
checkup seriously, and strengthen management of the project.
Suggestions and requirements above are objective and pertinent, and very
useful to prevent adverse impacts which are caused by project construction,
so suggestions and requirements will be adopted in this report.
In conclusion, public general hold the supporting attitude to the
construction building of the project, they thought that the water supply
problem of Weichang County can be solved by the project, and living level
can be improved, also economic development can be brought along a further
develop. Public also gave useful opinions to protect environment, and
required construction company strengthen the construction management, try
the best to minimize pollution of the construction.
5. 9.4.5 Further public participation plan
Environmental protection measures which are proposed in environmental
impact assessment can be more reasonable, practical and feasible by public
participation process. Public participation process also demonstrates the
respect for the environmental impact assessment work and the relevant
departments of the public interests and rights (such as abode right). It helps to
improve people's environmental awareness. But in China, current public
participation is mostly in the construction of multi-phase project or projects in
the preparatory process, while the attention in projects construction and the
public participation during operations is not enough.
Table 9.4 Further public participation plan
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Phases Content
Construction period
Announce the fulfillment condition of environment management plan in construction period, operation condition of environmental protection establishment and environment quality of the area project in to public.
Operation period
Announce the fulfillment condition of environment management plan in construction period, announcing the monitor result of
water body and water quality every half year; Aim at the main environment problem in operation period, put forward the
environmental protection countermeasures and consult the public opinion.
V. 10. ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIC PROFIT AND LOSS ANALY SIS
A. 10.1 Analysis of social and economic benefits
1. 10.1.1 Project investment and fund raising and financial guarantee
1)Total investment of the project estimation: 35,390,000 RMB, among which the
investment of fixed assets is 34,612,900 RMB; initial working capital is 150,000
RMB; loan interest of construction period is 537,100 RMB; commitment fee is 90,000
RMB.
2)Capital source: Loan of foreign investment banks is 2,000,000 dollars
(equivalent to 13,720,000 RMB), and part of the capital exchange rate of ADB (Asian
Development Bank) is being calculated by 6.86 for the time being. Lending rate is
being calculated by loan interest (7.83%) of more than five years at home, and
financial allotment is 21,670,000 RMB.
3)Total loan cost: This project plans to get the loan of 2,000,000 dollars
(13,720,000 RMB) from ADB, loan maturities is 21 years, grace period is 4 years,
mortgage term is 17 years, the normal annual interest rate acted on 7.83%. According
to the calculation results, the total interest comes to 13,428,500 Yuan (among which
loan interest incurred during construction is 537,100 Yuan), and repayment of
principal is 13,720,000 Yuan.
4)Loan repayment: According to the spirit of Development and Reform
Commission of Hebei province and Hebei Department of Finance “Report for the
Preparatory Work of ADB loan Hebei Small Cities and Towns Development
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Demonstration Project” (Hebei development and reform foreign capital [2007] 906),
the project plans to start to repay the principle with interest from 2011, among which
2011~2014 is grace period, just repay the loan interest, not principal. From 2015,
repay the principal and interest of the loan by the installment of 20 years and
complete all reimbursement till 2034; reimbursement kind is “matching principle and
interest repayment”; the source of repayment is Weichang country financial fund.
According to the feasibility report of this project, the main financial evaluating
indicator data is superior to benchmark indicator and the average level of this trade,
the project has the capacity of financial profitable, solvency and risk resistant.
2. 10.1.2 Social economic benefits of the project
The fee of the water supply will be reasonably took following the principle
of “with little or no profit” after the completion of this project, it will keep normal
work of the water supply system, and more important is the indirect economic
profit and remarkable social efficiency it brings. Main aspects are:
1)This project will supply a reliable new water source for town of Weichang
County and the around area, alleviate the trouble of the water supply and
demand, improve water supply status of Weichang County and the sanitary
condition of the resident environment, guarantee the living drinking water
quality, safeguard the people health and improve the quality of life.
2)It will be beneficial to conduct the political, economical and cultural activities
in Weichang County, promote the development of industry and trade, attract
the external fund, improve the investment environment and promote the
national economy of Weichang County to develop continually, steadily and
stably.
3)The project will reduce the cost in the uniform management of water
resources, the drilling investment and the operating cost that the units and
enterprises dispersedly drill wells. The technical process and the blue print of
the water supply in this project conform to the overall plan and the actual
situation of Weichang County. The technics is simple, safe and reliable. The
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quality of water will be guaranteed because the water source locates upriver,
and the water source is high. Its height is propitious to the long-distance water
supply and the reduction in the cost of pipe network run.
4)The people will live better because of the improvement of the city
environment. All of these will play the influential role in social stability, unity
and development of Weicahng County.
B. 10.2 Environmental benefits analysis
1. 10.2.1 Environmental benefits
1)Now the situation is that the water source is used excessively, the descent
of the ground water level induces the descent of the ground, deterioration of
shallow water quality. If the source is explored consistently, it will causes
larger environmental problem. However, the construction of new water source
is benefit to the self-restrain of the existing water source, and controls the
development of the environmental problem.
2)Because of the short of the water, the factories, departments and some
villagers usually drill the well in order to solve the water supply, which makes
self-supply well more and more, also makes the ground water not be used
well and waste. The self-supply wells are usually shallow, and do not have
any treatment. If the ground water is polluted, it will influence the health of the
residents. After the construction of this project will close all the self-supply
wells, which will protect the water sources of Weichang County, and also be
benefit to the ground water exploitation and safety of water supply.
3)This project needs to rebuild the existing wastewater treatment factory and
water pipe network that will be benefit to the improvement of the water
utilization, and reduce the waste of the water, insure the safety of the water
supply.
Anyway, water project, as one of the important fundamental instruments will
improve the environment in the city, living condition, health of citizens, and the
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development of the social economic. So, this project can benefit to the society
and environment.
2. 10.2.2 The environmental protection investment estimation
The total investment of this project is 35,390,000 dollars. It is the municipal
establishment rebuilding project according to its property. In order to remove
and alleviate the negative environment influence, a sum of funds need to be
invested for implement of pollution prevention measures such as fugitive dust
prevention and control, the living wastewater treatment, sludge disposal,
pump station noise, and risk prevention, etc. The anticipate costs totally is
2,210,000 dollars, which account for 6.2% of total investment. Investment of
water and soil conservation and plants compensation of the project had
summed in resident moving compensation investment, which did not sum in
particularly environmental protection investment.
Table 10.1 Investment estimation of environment pro tection management
measure
No. Name of measures Scale or content Investment (10 thousand Yuan)
1 Fugitive dust pollution in construction period
Color steel plates surrounding protection work of close
construction 4.0
2 Domestic sewage in construction period
Concentrative collecting and treatment 5.0
3 Noise prevention in construction period
Personal protective equipment, mobile sound barrier 2.0
4 Solid waste in construction period
Abandoned soils and transport outside living garbage 2.0
5 Environment monitoring in
construction period
Monitoring of noise and atmosphere 6.0
6 Airborne pollution
control in operation period
Canteen cooking oil fume of eatery 1.0
7 Domestic sewage treatment in operation
Septic tanks, and oil-separating pond 5.0
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period
8 Noise prevention in operation period
Wastewater treatment factory facilities, noise proof
establishment 3.0
9 Detect wastewater in operation period Treatment of transport to outside 3.0
10 Sludge in operation period
Sedimentation tank and dewatering system of sludge 100.0
11 Environment
monitoring in operation period
Monitoring of atmosphere, noise and water quality 5.0
12 Treatment of ClO2 leakage
Automatic monitoring, warning establishment, and treatment
measures of leakage
50.0
13 Emergency monitoring Accident emergency monitoring 10.0
14 Afforestation Afforestation in industry plant 5.0
15 Environment management cost in construction and operation period 20.0
16 Sum 221.0
VI. 11 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN
Strengthening environmental management is an important guarantee of
carrying out regulations of environmental protection, achieving harmonization
between economic, social and environmental benefits of the project
construction, and sustainable development.
A. 11.1 Purposes of environmental management and monitoring
According to the national and Hebei City’s relative regulations of environmental
protection, and basing on the character of the project and regional environment, the
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environmental management aims to protect the surrounding area from adverse
impact made by pollutions of construction dust, noise and waste water. Make
environmental management schedule and monitoring plan separately in construction
period and operation period. Carry out effectively monitoring on pollution emission and
regional environment quality, and provide full and accurate information for regional
environmental protection.
Monitoring work can be commissioned to the Chengde City’s environment
monitoring station. Before the construction period, the construction company
should sign the monitoring agreement with the station, and the agreement for
operation period before the service time of the project.
B. 11.2 Monitoring during construction period
1. 11.2.1 Atmospheric environment monitoring
Monitoring items include: TSP, simultaneous observation for the main
meteorological elements of temperature, wind speed and direction. The monitoring
site should be laid on the boundary of construction site (which can be arranged in
accordance with the construction schedule). Make measurement once for each
monitoring site during the construction period. Executive standard: “Ambient Air
Quality Standard” Grade Ⅱ.
2. 11.2.2 Noise monitoring
Monitoring items include: equivalent sound level A in daytime and night. The
monitoring site should be laid on the boundary of construction site (which can be
arranged in accordance with the construction schedule). Make measurement once for
each monitoring site during the construction period. Executive standard: “Noise limits
for construction site”.
3. 11.2.3 Construction waste water and sewage monitoring
Monitoring items: domestic sewage, the main monitoring item is COD,
BOD5, fecal coliform, TP, TN and so on. The monitoring site should be laid on the
total sewage outfall. Executive standard: “Standards of The Waste Water Drained
into Urban Sewage” (CJ3082-1999).
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C. 11.3 Environmental monitoring during operation period
1. 11.3.1 Underground water monitoring
Monitoring items: according to “Sanitary Standard for Drinking
Water”(GB5749-2006), choose items as follows: turbidity, smell, visible
material, pH, total hardness(counted by CaCO3), Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, volatile
phenol(counted by phenol), anion synthetic detergent, Sulfate, Chloride, total
dissolved solids, Fluoride, As, Se, Hg, Cd, Cr(+6), Pb, Ag, nitrate(counted by N),
DDT, BHC, total bacterial count, ammonia, sulfide and so on.
Monitoring site arrangement and frequency: The monitoring site should be
laid at wells in water source site, once for half a year.
2. 11.3.2 Noise monitoring
Monitoring items include: equivalent sound level A in daytime and night. The
monitoring site should be laid on the boundary of the waterworks.
3. 11.3.3 Sewage drainage monitoring
Monitoring technological requirement: domestic sewage, the main
monitoring item is COD, BOD5, fecal coli form, TP, TN and so on. The monitoring
site should be laid on the total sewage outfall. Executive standard: “Standards
of The Waste Water Drained into Urban Sewage” (CJ3082-1999). Monitoring
frequency: Once half a year
D. 11.4 Environmental management responsibilities
Environmental management is a highly technical and professional work,
which has a close relationship with the properties of the construction and
production in operating period. Therefore, in this project’s construction period
and operation period, the construction company should arrange professional,
competent managers to take charge of environmental protection in different
periods of environmental protection, whose duties are as follows,
1)Through investigation and study, draft environmental protection principles and
economic technological policy, both of which should fit the features of this project.
2)Implement the relevant environmental protection laws, decrees and regulations,
draft methods, rules and regulations, and deal with relative matters on carrying out
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environmental regulations.
3)Organize and establish the overall plan and annual plan for the environment
protection and carry out plans overall, do well in the annual budget and cooperate
with financial departments to manage the environmental protection funds.
4)Organize relevant departments to establish various thematic planning and executive
plans for engineering environment protection, to ensure that every environmental
protection measures are in the final design of the project and under implementation.
5)Carry out supervision on engineering environment in accordance with the law
enforcement; inspect the operation status of environmental protection facilities. The
implementation of environmental protection measures should be an
important content in checking and the acceptance of construction
quality.
6)Compile the engineering environment protection report and implement schedule
evaluation report, and report to the local environmental protection department.
7)Do well in environmental protection propaganda, organize the necessary
popularization education, and enhance the relevant personnel’s environmental
awareness
8)Improve the internal rules and regulations; do well in the environmental
management in the daily work, records and data collection and so on.
9)Organize the environmental protection education and relevant technical training to
the construction workers, and enhance the environmental protection consciousness
and improve the technological level of environmental protection work.
10)During construction period, strengthen the coordination work between the local
residents and government, and make reasonable arrangements for the construction
schedule, minimize the construction influence on the social and natural environment
around the river.
E. 11.5 Environmental supervision and audit during construction period
In the construction period, the aim of the environmental supervision audit
mainly is to supervise environmental protection measures, and implementation
and effect of soil and water conservation measures. To make sure the environmental
protection measures can be implemented as planned, and guarantee the environmental
engineering quality and implementation effects, the supervision workers
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commissioned by owners should be qualified for environmental engineering
supervision. The supervision should be organized by local environmental protection
department. Supervision workers should be professional workers in local
environmental protection department or the workers with supervision qualification.
They must fulfill their responsibilities strictly to make sure the effective
implementation of environmental protection.
F. 11.6 Environmental management plan
1) Feasibility study stage
In feasibility study stage, the main environment protection work is the conducting
environmental impact assessment on the project. To carry out the environmental protection
measures in the EIA report, and avoid or reduce the latent adverse impact on the environment,
the environmental assessment institute, design company and construction company will work
together to compile environmental management plans.
2）Construction period
Table 11.1 shows the environmental management plan during construction period.
Table 11.1 Environmental management plan during construction period
Items Environmental management plan
Air environment
control
Fugitive dust prevention
♦Spray water regularly at the course of ：construction two times per day in summer and
autumn are good and the amount of water should be properly to prevent the dust but the water should not be too more to affect the activities ♦C ：leaning regularly clean the working site at the noon and at night each day after finishing the construction of that day ♦W ：ashing the tires do washing before the transport vehicles leaving the working site according to the condition and especially for the construction after rain the vehicles must be washed before driving on the road. ♦V ：ehicles choice The vehicles for transporting crushing materials must be closed and in good condition. ♦Avoid backfilling of earthwork and loading or unloading materials and removing houses under the condition of strong wind ♦Check the working site regularly and supervise carrying out of the environment management measures and add the times of cleaning and spraying according to the actual situation ♦Do some enclosing and blocking at the time of
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construction to avoid the generation of fugitive dust at the process of construction ♦The station for storing spoil and materials and blending lime and soil should be set up at the unoccupied regions where have no residential district and schools 200 meters around. Cements and other articles for construction easy to fly upward should be stored closed. The lime and sand and soil at the wording site should be stacked concentrated and be covered. ♦TSP should be monitored at the sensitive working point and if the TSP are over standard the correction should be processed in the time limit ♦The administrative and economic punishment will be processed to the units who offend the operation regulations and do no correct in time
Noise control
♦Arrange the operation time rationally to avoid the simultaneous working of the large amount of the apparatuses with high noise ♦Use the construction process of apparatuses with lower noise instead of apparatuses with high noise and control strictly the use of self-provided generator sects ♦Abide by the corresponding regulations of Chengde city and Hebei province about the sensitive section at the short distance and prohibit operation at the time of 22:00-6:00 at the residential districts and the sound barrier should be set up necessarily ♦Limit the speed of the excavators and grinders and loading vehicles when they are going into or out of the working site and adopt the solutions to decrease the noise from the apparatuses and maintain the equipments in time to make them work in a good condition ♦Operate the equipments according to the regulations and reduce the noise for collision and command the working without the whistle at most ♦Limit the speed of the large truck and reduce or prohibit whistling to reduce the impact of the traffic noise ♦Monitor the noise of the sensitive point regularly and provide the solutions to the treatment of the point over standard
Waste water control
♦Emit the domestic sewage and canteen waste water after biochemical and Grease separation treatment to reach standard ♦Recycle and reuse the waste water coming from the equipments and vehicles washing after secondary sediment as the spraying water to reduce dust ♦Sweep the fallout materials at the working sites and take the control measures on the stacking materials to prevent them from washing by the rain into rivers and polluting the water body
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Solid waste control
Construction waste and spoil
♦Use the special enclosed waste channel or enclosed tank for construction waste delivery and set enclosed waste station at the working sites and stack the construction waste and domestic waste differently ♦Stack the domestic waste at the unified sites and delivery the waste on time and dispose by the environmental sanitation centrally ♦Set up the encloser and the block and prevent the fugitive dust for the earthwork stacked temporarily from going into the river body and take the control measures to prevent the earth body washed by the rain into the municipal rain channels and process the filling back of the waste earthwork at the appointed places and do some planting to prevent the soil and water loss at the sites where the earthwork will be filled back at the time of vocation
Ecology protection
♦Transplant the turf and trees for the green belt destroyed by pipe laying ♦Do some planting to prevent the soil and water loss at the sites where the earthwork will be filled back and the temporary occupied land should be cleaned and regulated after the construction, remove the temporary buildings and sweep the ground and flat the depression by overbite of the soil and do some planting in time and return the farmland to plowland
Social and environmental guarantee
♦Compensate and reset the residents whose land are used and whose houses are removed rationally according to the regulations of land expropriation resettling policies and compensating solutions of the government and make sure that the job and living standard of the residents are not lower than present and the housing areas are larger and the infrastructures such as schools and hospitals and infant-institutes and traffic are complete according to the advice of the residents ♦Stage construction will be used for the pipe and river channel construction and finish the work of excavation and filling back; set the temporary service road for the hospitals and schools and bus stops near and set the warning signs for the traffic ♦in the process of construction whoever comes up against the culture relics should report that to the culture relics management department of Weichang county immediately and protect the happening site. After the culture relics are treated by the culture relics management department the construction will go on
3) Operation period
The environmental management plan during operation period includes：
a. Make sure the operation of pollution prevention apparatuses and solutions
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b. Finish the monitoring task according to the monitoring planning
c. Process the public participation regularly to obtain advice
d. Train the staff about the environmental protection knowledge and environmental
protection regulations and measures. Process economic punishment or warning to the
people who offends the environmental protection regulations
e. Establish the emergency response predetermined plan for the accidents
12 Evaluation conclusions and suggestions
G. 12.1 Evaluation conclusions
1. 12.1.1 Description of project
The scale of Water Supply Second Phase Project in Weichang County and
surrounding areas: the water source site is designed to supply water in 10,000
m3/d scale for short-term; pipe diameter of the water pipe network, which will
be laid according to service area of the short-term project, is designed to
supply water in 30,000 m3/d scale for long-term. The main construction
contents are as follows:
1) Water Intake Engineering: the newly-built water source site is 27 kilometers
away from Weichang County seat in the north (in neighborhood of Dabahao
Village which is in the upstream area of the crossing made by Dahuanqi River
and Yixun River).
2) Water Pipe Network: the pipeline laid from newly-built water source site to
the county waterworks, is 18 kilometers in the total length.
3) Water Purification Plant: Make use of the present water supply equipments
in the county waterworks. Some equipment needs alteration, including the
replacement of the water pump in the secondary pump room and chlorination
disinfection equipment.
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4)Water Distribution Network: The total length of the water supply pipeline
newly-built and rebuilt is up to 30 kilometers.
2. 12.1.2 Coincidence to the local planning and industrial policy
This project meets the goals of water resource supply planning and water
function regionalization in Weichang County. Construction project follows
“strengthening unified planning and management of urban water resources,
focusing on strengthening unified management of the underground water
resources development ” and “urban water being given prior consideration”
principles, in line with industrial policies, and through the unity of urban water
supply company, the unified management of water resources, to solve the
problem of water supply in urban areas, support for the sustainable
development of cities and towns, restrict and closed down the self-provided
wells.
3. 12.1.3 Conclusions of environmental status
4. 12.1.4 Environment impact assessment conclusions during construction period
1) Atmosphere
Construction dust mainly includes: excavation dust, the material stack dust
and vehicle transportation dust. Construction dust makes great contribution to
the pollutant concentration at a close range, especially within 50 m. However,
as the distance increases, the concentration decays very quickly and goes
down to very small at the distance of about 200 m. The water intake
engineering and pipeline laying construction are mostly in the less-used
beach area, where the soil moisture is larger, so the large dust concentration
appears within 70 m of the construction site.
2) Noise
Without the noise control measures, because of the mechanical noise in
the daytime, the standard limit value can be met in 50 m away from the
construction site, and in 300 m at night. Parts of the newly-built pipe network
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projects and reconstruction project are 10-100 m away from residential area,
therefore, management which mainly in controlling the noise to the standard
level, should be strengthened in the construction period to reduce the
construction impact on the residents on both sides of the construction yard.
3) Waste water
Wastewater is mainly the washing water for machinery and equipment
maintenance and domestic sewage during construction period. The irrigation
wastewater’s major pollutants are oil and suspended solids, and for the
scattered emissions, the amount is relatively small and generally consumed
by evaporation, making it hard to enter the surface water. Therefore, it can not
cause significant adverse effects on the local environmental quality of surface
water. Sewage is mainly from workers’ washing and dejecta. The amount of
sewage will come up to about 4 t / d during the construction period, and
should be disposed collectively to meet the corresponding request in
“Standards of The Waste Water Drained into Urban Sewage”, and then drain
into the municipal sewage system.
4) Solid waste
During the construction, a lot of deserted dirt will be generated, in which
heavy metal and other hazardous substances are at a low level, so the dirt
can be used as pad soil in the road construction or raw material in bricks
producing.
Construction workers will have a certain amount of domestic waste (There will
be 100 kilos of garbage generated by 100 workers everyday). The garbage
must be piled up in a specified site or all put into garbage boxes near the
construction site. They should be disposed by town planning department in
time and should not be mixed with construction rubbish.
5) Impact on land resource and ecological environment
Some land will be occupied in the construction. In addition to the nature
change of permanently occupied land (e.g. wells in water source site), the
temporarily occupied land (pipeline network) will be reduced or changed in
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soil fertility, soil structure, soil type in some degree after the end of the
construction. It is likely to accelerate erosion, soil nutrient loss and reduce the
productivity of land.
Most of the construction projects are carried out in less-used river beach,
which has some farmland inside and a green belt in the neighborhood.
Therefore, according to relevant state compensation for land requisition, local
farmers should be paid on a one-time compensation and compensation for
rehabilitation, and virescence must be made to reduce adverse effects to the
minimum at the end of construction.
According to the investigation, there is no rare and endangered wildlife in
the evaluation area. The disturbance made by the construction process will
reduce the biomass to a certain extent, but the natural systems has the
capacity of restoration after interference , and therefore the impacts of the
construction on the stability of regional natural eco-systems can be
acceptable.
5. 12.1.5 Environment impact assessment conclusions during operation period
1) Impact on underground water by water intake
According to the regional hydrology, meteorology and supply, flow,
drainage and other marginal conditions, the allowable local groundwater
extraction volume is 41,329 m3 / d. As the surface water and groundwater are
in close contact in the area, the static reserves dissipated in the dry season
will be compensated during the rainy season. The water source site is low-
lying, while the terrain of its north, west and south side are much higher than
it, causing the amount of underground water supply outside the water run-off
area is far greater than the value of calculation, which give it a guarantee to
supply 10,000 m3 / d water as a water source.
After the implementation of the project, due to the decline in ground water
level, it will be have a certain impact on the surrounding rural life’s residential
water and agricultural water using. However, this project has included the
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surrounding villages and the villages in the lower reaches as water supply
targets.
2) Water purification plant noise
Through forecasting, it can be known that the water purification plant
noise’s contribution to factory boundary noise and the sensitive points of
sound environmental is much smaller than standard value. After the project is
put into operation, in the situation of self-enclosed workshop and all kinds of
noise control facilities are in place, the noise source will not make significantly
change in status quo value of factory boundary noise and the sensitive points
of sound environmental. Regional sound environment will not exceed the
standard value required in “standard of environmental noise of urban Area”
GB3096-93 in secondary functional area.
3) Waste water in water purification plant
In the clean-water pool, the raw water enters into the distribution network
through the pump after the precipitation, so the water purification plants have
no waste water to discharge.
The amount of residential waste water, which is discharged into city-
planning waste water system, is 6.5t/d. The main pollutants in the residential
waste water are 、SS CODcr、BOD5 and NH4+. The residential waste water
needs to be disposed in no-leakage septic tank and oil separating tank to
separate with rain water, and drains directly into the county drainage network
through the newly-built drainage system in the factory yard. The amount of
drainage is small, so the impact on the surrounding surface water quality is
little, on the premises that the requirement in “Standards of The Waste Water
Drained into Urban Sewage” can be met.
The amount of waste water drainage in laboratory is about 0.1m3/d. It must
be collected separately and disposed by qualified agency.
4) Sludge in water purification plant
The sludge in the clean-water pool is generated by suspended
sedimentation, and its amount is t/year. At present, the sludge in Weichang
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County waterworks is delivered to be stacked up in Yixun River beach’s less-
used land. This way, land is occupied and it’s easy to cause soil erosion.
Besides, it can affect the water quality in rainfall season and cause dust
pollution in rainless season.
5) Canteen cooking fume
The main atmospheric pollution source is the fume emission from the
proposed integrated office canteens in the water source site. It can be
disposed to meet the standard value by fume purification facilities, and has
less impact on the surrounding atmosphere quality.
6) Accidental risk in water purification plant
Use ClO2 for disinfection in water purification. The security problems in the
process of producing ClO2 mainly include: the storage and transport of raw
material, the process of ClO2 manufacture. When an accident occurs, ClO2
and its byproduct Cl2 will come out, which may cause intoxication by intaking
for large amount, and people may choke to death. Therefore, accidental
emergency beforehand measures must be established, and accidental guard
against measures must be taken to minimize the risk.
7) Potential pollution in water supply quality and protection
According to the monitoring report on underground water quality of water
source site, the status in quo is good, and it can meet the requirement by
National “Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water”. According to the integrated
planning in Weichang County, industrial lands are centralized in southern part
of the county, which is in the lower reaches area, so the latency impact on the
water source site is not significant.
However, as the city's rapid economic development, if the land-use in water
source and its upstream area is not controlled with restrictions, then urban
domestic sewage, garbage and enterprise pollution will become a potential
source of pollution to water source, so that water quality can not be
guaranteed.
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Some parts of the water pipe network and water distribution network and
sewage drainage system are in the urban areas, and it is inevitable that there
will be some overlap, so if the pipeline ruptures, it will lead to the residential
drinking water pollution incidents; Besides, the water pipe network and water
distribution network need to be laid across the Yixun River, so if the pipeline
ruptures, and river water mixed into the pipeline, then drinking water will be
polluted. Therefore, practical precaution must be taken to protect the water
source, water pipe network and water distribution network.
6. 12.1.6 Conclusions of environmental impact assessment during operation period
The reference total amount control factors in the planning constructing
project are CODCr, NH3-N in domestic sewage, solid waste. Domestic sewage
need to be disposed in no-leakage septic tank and oil separating tank and
drained directly into the county’s drainage pipe network through the newly-
built drainage pipe network in plant area, on the premises that the
requirement in " water quality standard for sewage discharged into urban
sewer " can be met. The discharge amount of CODcr and NH3－N is 0.14 t/a,
0.035 t/a. The annual output of sludge in clean water tank is about t/a, and the sludge
can be pressed into mud-cake for brick making or land fill as proposed. Therefore, the
total amount control guideline for solid waste is suggested to be made at 0 t.
7. 12.1.7 Social, economic and environmental benefits
This project will improve the urban water supply and environmental
conditions effectively. It will play a very important role in improving people’s
living conditions, raising public health standard, and promoting socio-
economic development. Social and environmental benefits are all significant.
According to feasibility analysis, the main financial appraisal index data
are all better than reference indicator and the intra-industry average level. The
project has certain financial profitability, liquidity and risk-resistance capability.
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8. 12.1.8 Public participation
The project adopted the Internet publicity and survey approach for public
participation. The relevant information and its possible environmental impact
and the corresponding measures have been posted twice on the Internet in
the early stages of the EIA and at the time when EIA report draft is completed.
At the same time, do survey on public likely to be affected around Jin-tang
Canal. A total of 65 opinion survey copies were all recovered, and the
recovery rate was 100%. Survey results showed that this project has got
widespread supports, and they largely reflected most of the resident’s views
and recommendations in the evaluation area. Construction units can refer to
the survey results, and effectively deal with the relationship between project
development, planning and environmental protection. In particular, the public
concerned issues, such as noise pollution and the maintenance management
upon the completion of the project, should arouse the attention in building
unit, construction unit and the relevant government departments. The pollution
generated in the construction period must be effectively treated, and ensure
that the construction will not cause an adverse impact on the regional
environment quality and people's daily life, to achieve the economic, social
and environmental benefits harmonization between project construction and
environmental protection.
9. 12.1.9 Environmental feasibility analysis of the project
The project is an urban municipal water supply project. It will improve the
quality of urban water supply and its safety and reliability and benefit
significantly in society, economy and environment. There are also some
adverse impacts generate during the construction and operation period, which
is acceptable after some precaution measures are taken. From the
perspective of environmental protection, construction of this project is
feasible.
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H. 12.2 Countermeasures and suggestions
1) In this project, water usage and water source conservation should observe
the “Environmental Protection Law” and “Water Pollution Control Law” and
other relevant laws and regulations, and make relevant water resource
conservation measures to meet the aim of water and soil conservation, water
pollution prevention, water saving and water environment protection.
2) To strengthen protection of water supply and distribution network, they
should be avoided overlap with sewage network as far as possible. If the
overlaps are inevitable, then precaution for sewage pipeline rupture is
required in engineering design to reduce the risk of drinking water
contamination incidents. Pipelines should be laid to avoid crossing the area of
toxicant, biological pollution and corrosion. If water supply and distribution
network pipelines need to cross the river, then a sampling point and a closing
valve should be set on each side of the river to monitor the water quality in the
pipeline; so that if water contamination occurred, valves can be shut down at
once to stop water supply and avoid pollution accidents. Repair the pipeline in
time.
3) Strengthen the health protection in water purification plant. In the range of
30m around the plant, it’s forbidden to set up residential districts, livestock
and poultry farms, water seepage toilets, sewage infiltration ditches and
stacking sites for garbage, feces and waste residue. Besides, strictly control
the sewage collection pipeline’s laying position. Prohibit building seepage
toilets and sump inside the plant, and the distance between toilet, cesspool
and plant building should be more than 10m. Domestic sewage pipeline in the
plant should be set up separately; the total sewage discharge outlet should be
set in the lower reaches of the plant, and in accordance with the health
protection requirement. Emptying pipe and overflow pipe are forbidden to
connect with sewer directly to avoid pollution. Miscellanies which may cause
water contamination are not allowed to pile up on the top of clean water tank;
the usage of fertilizer and pesticide when planting is also forbidden there.
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4) At present, the sludge of Weichang County water plant is piled up idly in
Yixun River beach and it can be pressed into mud-cake for brick making or
land fill as proposed.
5) Use ClO2 for disinfection in water purification. The chemical properties of
ClO2 are extremely unstable and explosive. Therefore, accidental guard
against measures must be taken to minimize the risk. Establish accidental
emergency beforehand measures.
6) Speed up the Weichang County’s sewage treatment plant construction.