ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATIONENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATIONAS A TOOL FORAS A TOOL FOR

COASTAL CITIES SUSTAINABILITYCOASTAL CITIES SUSTAINABILITY

VALENTINA BORAGNOVALENTINA BORAGNOInterdepartmental Centre for Environmental Research

Bologna University - Italy

Fifth European Conference on Sustainable Cities and Towns

Sevilla, Spain, March 21 - 24, 2007

INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENTIN MEDITERRANEAN

22

SUMMARYSUMMARY

• INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

• CERVIA LOCALIZATIONCERVIA LOCALIZATION

• OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

• METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY

• DATA COLLECTION AND APPLICATIONDATA COLLECTION AND APPLICATION

• RESULTSRESULTS

• CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

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THE ENVIRONMENTAL THE ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATION OF CERVIA CERTIFICATION OF CERVIA MUNICIPALITYMUNICIPALITY

• The case study presented describes the application The case study presented describes the application of the Environmental Management System to Cervia of the Environmental Management System to Cervia Municipality, a small city located in Italy on the Municipality, a small city located in Italy on the Adriatic seashore.Adriatic seashore.

• How the application of an EMS can contribute to the How the application of an EMS can contribute to the sustainable development of a coastal territory?sustainable development of a coastal territory?

• Coastal areas with Coastal areas with fragile ecological fragile ecological environment are environment are particularly particularly sensitive to the sensitive to the impacts produced impacts produced by tourism.by tourism.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

• The EMS’s are voluntary environmental The EMS’s are voluntary environmental management schemes based on harmonized management schemes based on harmonized guidelines and principles, open to all sectors guidelines and principles, open to all sectors of organizations.of organizations.

• OOrganizations decide to implement an EMS to rganizations decide to implement an EMS to obtain:obtain:– Improved environmental management.Improved environmental management.– Better performance of managing activities.Better performance of managing activities.– Wider transparency and higher credibility.Wider transparency and higher credibility.– New business opportunities.New business opportunities.– Improvement of image and confidence.Improvement of image and confidence.

utilitiesmunicipalities

factories

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The European Local Authorities with the major number of EMAS The European Local Authorities with the major number of EMAS Registration at February 2007 are in Germany (77), in Italy (44), Registration at February 2007 are in Germany (77), in Italy (44), in Spain (20), in the United Kingdom (16 organizations) and in in Spain (20), in the United Kingdom (16 organizations) and in Denmark (11).Denmark (11).

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MAIN PURPOSE OF AN EMS:MAIN PURPOSE OF AN EMS:IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITYIMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY

• The EMS is characterized by a cyclic process aimed at the The EMS is characterized by a cyclic process aimed at the continuous environmental improvement of organizationcontinuous environmental improvement of organization

Audit

Environmental

Programme

Initial Environmental Review

77

ADRIATIC SEA

LIGURIANSEA

EMILIA-ROMAGNAREGION

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CERVIA: LOCATION AND MAPCERVIA: LOCATION AND MAP

Emilia-Romagna Region

Ravenna Province

With the scientific support With the scientific support of Bologna University of Bologna University Cervia Municipality Cervia Municipality obtained theobtained theInternational Environmental Certification ISO 14001 International Environmental Certification ISO 14001 in May 2005 and the European EMAS Registration in in May 2005 and the European EMAS Registration in February 2007. February 2007.

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CERVIA ENVIRONMENTALCERVIA ENVIRONMENTALFRAMEWORK FRAMEWORK

• Territory surface: 82 kmTerritory surface: 82 km22

• Green surface: 2 kmGreen surface: 2 km22 of of

protected areas, pinewoods,protected areas, pinewoods,

natural parks,natural parks,

public parkspublic parks

• A Saltpan of about 8 kmA Saltpan of about 8 km22

• A 27-hole golfA 27-hole golf

• A Spa still use mud and water from the saltpans to A Spa still use mud and water from the saltpans to therapeutic and beauty treatmenttherapeutic and beauty treatment

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• A channel harbour and a marina for 300 pleasure A channel harbour and a marina for 300 pleasure boats.boats.

• Coastal sea-shore: 9 kilometres Coastal sea-shore: 9 kilometres of fine of fine sandy sandy beaches.beaches.

• 230 fully-equipped bathing establishment.230 fully-equipped bathing establishment.

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TOURIST AND INHABITANTS IN TOURIST AND INHABITANTS IN

CERVIACERVIAyear 2006year 2006

• 3,541,8503,541,850 presencespresences

• 531,053 531,053 arrivalsarrivals

• 391 hotels391 hotels• 4,352 4,352

apartmentsapartments• 5 campsites5 campsites• 53,020 beds53,020 beds

HAMLETS INHABITANTS % km2 Inhab/km2

CERVIA COAST 19.636 71 17,71 1.109

INTERNAL HAMLETS

7.857 29 64,48 122

TOTAL 27.493 100 82,19 334

-

500.000

1.000.000

1.500.000

2.000.000

2.500.000

3.000.000

3.500.000

4.000.000

1996 1997 19981999 2000 2001 2002 20032004 2005 2006

Arr

ival

s an

d t

ou

rist

nig

hts

, n

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Ave

rag

e st

ay,

die

Arrivals Nights Average stay

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CERVIA LAND USE CERVIA LAND USE ……

AD

RIA

TIC

SEA

AD

RIA

TIC

SEA

Agricultural zone, 58 %

Anthropic areas, 16 %Historical centre, 1 %Protected areas, pinewoods and saltpan, 25 %

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GREEN AREAS…GREEN AREAS…

• Flowerbeds, urban pinewoods and public parks constitute the Cervia Flowerbeds, urban pinewoods and public parks constitute the Cervia public green areas.public green areas.

• The application of Visual Tree Assessement and GIS permitted to identify, The application of Visual Tree Assessement and GIS permitted to identify, describe and locate, with an elettronic system, about 25.000 trees.describe and locate, with an elettronic system, about 25.000 trees.

• The surface of natural and public green area (11 kmThe surface of natural and public green area (11 km22) represents the 14 ) represents the 14 % of the territory.% of the territory.

• Green surface (included the saltpan) per inhabitants: 405 mGreen surface (included the saltpan) per inhabitants: 405 m22/inhabitants./inhabitants.

TOTAL PUBLIC GREEN AERAS

YEAR SURFACE, m2

ANNUAL INCREMENT

INCREMENT ON COASTAL ZONE

2003 514,539 -- 62 %

2004 529,939 3 % 66 %

2005 553,029 7 % 66 %

2006 991,116 48 % 70 %

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URBAN MOBILITY …URBAN MOBILITY …

• The new Traffic Urban Plan, in compliance with the The new Traffic Urban Plan, in compliance with the principles of sustainable mobility allows:principles of sustainable mobility allows:– To improve the urban and coastal circulation with car parking;To improve the urban and coastal circulation with car parking;– To implement pedestrian areas interdict to traffic, actually only To implement pedestrian areas interdict to traffic, actually only

the 3%;the 3%;– To promote the use ofTo promote the use of

bicycle;bicycle;– The implementation ofThe implementation of

bicycle-path: in four yearsbicycle-path: in four years

from 12 to 18 kmfrom 12 to 18 km

(7% of total road system);(7% of total road system);– To develop a more efficientTo develop a more efficient

public transport system.public transport system.

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WATER CONSUMPTION IN WATER CONSUMPTION IN CERVIACERVIA

The graph represents the monthly The graph represents the monthly values for the total water consumption values for the total water consumption in Cervia: it is clearly a close connection in Cervia: it is clearly a close connection between the increase in the water between the increase in the water consumption during the summer consumption during the summer months with the number of tourist.months with the number of tourist.

0

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

700.000

800.000

900.000

G F M A M G L A S O N D

Wat

er c

onsu

mpt

ion,

m3

2003 2004

2005 2006

YearYear Total consumption, Total consumption, mm33

20032003 4,846,8184,846,818

20042004 4,803,7074,803,707

20052005 4,736,5484,736,548

20062006 4,673,3774,673,377

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SOLID WASTE PRODUCTIONSOLID WASTE PRODUCTION

The graph shows clearly a close connection between the number The graph shows clearly a close connection between the number of tourist nights spent in Cervia and the waste production in 2006of tourist nights spent in Cervia and the waste production in 2006..

0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

3.500

4.000

4.500

5.000

5.500

G F M A M G J A S O N D

ton

s o

f w

aste

s

0

200.000

400.000

600.000

800.000

1.000.000

1.200.000

To

uri

sts

nig

hst

Total wastes

Selected wastes

Tourists nights

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INITIAL ENVIRONENTAL INITIAL ENVIRONENTAL REVIEWREVIEW

• The Initial Environmental Review (IER) has permitted to The Initial Environmental Review (IER) has permitted to identify the most critical aspects dealing with resources identify the most critical aspects dealing with resources conservation and environmental effects.conservation and environmental effects.

• IER has been developed through different phases :IER has been developed through different phases :– description of environmental context and regulationsdescription of environmental context and regulations– analysis of activities connected with environmental analysis of activities connected with environmental

aspectsaspects– collection, analysis and assessment of environmental collection, analysis and assessment of environmental

data.data.

• IER has permit to Cervia Municipality to define the IER has permit to Cervia Municipality to define the Environmental Policy and to select the priority objectives Environmental Policy and to select the priority objectives and programme to achieve significant improvements on and programme to achieve significant improvements on the environmental performance.the environmental performance.

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THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: TARGETS & ACTIONSTARGETS & ACTIONS

• In compliance with the EMAS Scheme, In compliance with the EMAS Scheme, Cervia Municipality develops measurable Cervia Municipality develops measurable environmental objectives and targets:environmental objectives and targets:1.1. The improvement of waste fraction The improvement of waste fraction

collection up to 48 % will be reach in collection up to 48 % will be reach in 2009.2009.

2.2. The development of the Green Public The development of the Green Public Procurement up to 40 % (recycled paper Procurement up to 40 % (recycled paper and so on…).and so on…).

3.3. The development of good practices for The development of good practices for water and energy consumption.water and energy consumption.

4.4. The control of mosquitoes in the The control of mosquitoes in the territory.territory.

5.5. The promotion of a sustainability The promotion of a sustainability mobility: use of methane in private and mobility: use of methane in private and public car, implementation of bicycle-public car, implementation of bicycle-path and new area interdict to traffic.path and new area interdict to traffic.

6.6. The planning and qualification of green The planning and qualification of green areas through biological methods.areas through biological methods.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTIMPROVEMENT

• The Environmental The Environmental Programmes for the improvement of waste selected Programmes for the improvement of waste selected collection was engaged by Cervia municipality from 2004.collection was engaged by Cervia municipality from 2004.

• The implementation of the programme include the designation of The implementation of the programme include the designation of specific responsibility; the definition of intermediate and final specific responsibility; the definition of intermediate and final objectives; the analysis of environmental indicators.objectives; the analysis of environmental indicators.

• Cervia promoted many different actions in hotels, restaurant, bath-Cervia promoted many different actions in hotels, restaurant, bath-establishments, some specific information for citizens and tourist, with establishments, some specific information for citizens and tourist, with the collaboration of the waste treatment facilities.the collaboration of the waste treatment facilities.

• THE ANNUAL TARGETS FOR THE WASTE SELECTED COLLECTIONTHE ANNUAL TARGETS FOR THE WASTE SELECTED COLLECTION

ANNO RSU, t RD, t RD % TARGET

20032003 36,87836,878 11,27911,279 31 %31 % ----

20042004 37,98537,985 14,27914,279 38 %38 % 38 %38 %

20052005 38,75538,755 14,76214,762 38 %38 % 40 %40 %

20062006 39,50739,507 16,24716,247 41 %41 % 40 %40 %

20072007 43 %43 %

20092009 48 %48 %

2020

IMPROVEMENTS FOR CERVIA IMPROVEMENTS FOR CERVIA SALTPAN …SALTPAN …

• A wider buffer zone where A wider buffer zone where hunting is forbidden;hunting is forbidden;

• Promotion of a tourism with Promotion of a tourism with educational and ecological educational and ecological characteristics. characteristics.

• An adequate management of An adequate management of the water cycle can help the water cycle can help both the aquatic bird both the aquatic bird reproduction and the salt reproduction and the salt production;production;

• Artificial rises for bird Artificial rises for bird nesting away from the main nesting away from the main paths;paths;

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IMPROVEMENT FOR COASTAL IMPROVEMENT FOR COASTAL ZONE…ZONE…

• A specific Cervia EMAS target is now involved in the A specific Cervia EMAS target is now involved in the application of Integrated Coastal Zone Management actions. application of Integrated Coastal Zone Management actions.

• The ICZM approach represents the advanced tool chosen by The ICZM approach represents the advanced tool chosen by Emilia Romagna Region to address all coastal activities Emilia Romagna Region to address all coastal activities towards economic, social and environmental sustainability.towards economic, social and environmental sustainability.

• The ICZM Project actually The ICZM Project actually developed in Cervia developed in Cervia territory is the adaptation territory is the adaptation of the municipal waste-of the municipal waste-water treatment plant, an water treatment plant, an improvement finalized to improvement finalized to the water reuse in the water reuse in agriculture and to technical agriculture and to technical improvement of the plant.improvement of the plant.

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

• The experience and the results obtained with the EMS procedure The experience and the results obtained with the EMS procedure applied to Cervia Municipality, has demonstrated the validity of the applied to Cervia Municipality, has demonstrated the validity of the method for reaching better environmental and sustainability method for reaching better environmental and sustainability performances.performances.

• The full engagement of theThe full engagement of the

administration staff has been anadministration staff has been an

important condition to satisfy theimportant condition to satisfy the

environmental targets.environmental targets.

• The experience gained in theThe experience gained in the

certification of Cervia Municipalitycertification of Cervia Municipality

has also demonstrated thathas also demonstrated that

tourism, if correctly planned andtourism, if correctly planned and

managed, can contribute to themanaged, can contribute to the

environmental protection and conservation of biodiversity and environmental protection and conservation of biodiversity and more generally to the achievement of a better sustainability, too.more generally to the achievement of a better sustainability, too.

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PRESENTED BY:

Dott. ssa VALENTINA BORAGNODott. ssa VALENTINA BORAGNOInterdepartmental Centre for Environmental Interdepartmental Centre for Environmental ResearchResearchBologna University - ItalyBologna University - Italy

Tel. +39 0544 937307 – +39 0544 937301Tel. +39 0544 937307 – +39 0544 937301Fax +39 0544 937303Fax +39 0544 937303E-mail: valentina.boragno@unibo.itE-mail: valentina.boragno@unibo.it