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ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR CHANGE OF PROCUREMENT MODE FROM LINKAGE COAL TO FORWARD

E-AUCTION COAL AND PERMISSION TO TRANSPORT OF COAL FROM SECL COAL

MINE AREA TO POWER PLANT SITE, NARIYARA THROUGH RAILWAY AND ROAD

MODE IN OPERATION OF 3600 MW COAL BASED POWER PLANT AT NARIYARA,

AKALTARA TEHSIL,JANJGIR-CHAMPA DISTRICT, CHHATTISGARH STATE

Submitted to:

KSK Mahanadi Power Company Limited (KMPCL) Hyderabad

Submitted by:

Vimta Labs Ltd.

142 IDA, Phase-II, Cherlapally Hyderabad–500 051

[email protected], www.vimta.com

August, 2017

http://www.vimta.com/

Environmental Management Plan for Change of Procurement mode from

Linkage Coal to Forward E-Auction Coal and Permission to Transport of

Coal from SECL Coal Mine Area to Power Plant Site, Nariyara Through Railway and Road mode in Operation of 3600 MW Coal Based Power Plant at Nariyara, Akaltara Tehsil, Janjgir-Champa District, Chhattisgarh State

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad 1

Table of Contents

# Content Page #

1.0 Background 1

2.0 Need of Change of Coal Source 4

3.0 Transportation of Coal SECL, Korba area to Plant Site 6

4.0 Ambient Air Quality 10

5.0 Impact on Air quality due to Coal Transportation 13

6.0 Adequacy of Existing Road Network in Study Area 16

7.0 Impact on Noise Quality 20

8.0 Environment Management Plan 23

9.0 Conclusion 24

List of Figures

# Content Page #

1 Index Map 2

2 Coal Transportation route 9

3 Ambient Air Quality Locations 11

4 Traffic Survey Locations 19

5 Noise Level Monitoring Locations 22

Annexure Isopleths showing Incremental Concentrations

List of Tables

# Content Page #

1 Proposed Target Dates and Commissioning of Balance Units 1

2 Details of Power Plant 3

3 Nominal Details of Main Plant 3

4 Details of Coal Requirement and Mode of Transportation 7

5 Coal Source and Transportation Route 8

6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 10

7 AAQ Monitoring Results 12

8 Parameters Considered for Modelling 14

9 Predicted Maximum Concentrations due to Addition

Truck Movement 15

10 Resultant Concentrations due to Additional Truck Movement 16

11 Recommendations on Traffic Capacity – IRC 16

12 Traffic Density 17

13 Proposed Traffic – KSK Mahanadi Power Plant 20

14 Traffic Density in the Study Area 20

15 Noise Monitoring Locations Road Side Habitation 21

16 Noise Levels 21





1.0 Background

KSK Mahanadi Power Company Limited (KMPCL) (earlier known as Wardha

Power Company Limited) is in the advanced stage of developing a 3600 (6x600

MW) coal based thermal power plant at Nariyara village, Akaltara Tehsil, Janjgir-

Champa District in Chhattisgarh State. KMPCL is a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)

promoted by KSK Energy Ventures Limited (KSK) (a power plant development

company) based at Hyderabad.

In line with the EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006, KSK Mahanadi Power

Company Limited was accorded Environmental Clearance by MoEF vide its letter

no. J 13012/44/08 – IA.II (T) dated 19th Oct, 2009 and the validity of the

Environmental clearance was extended up to 31st December, 2017 vide MoEF’s

letter No. J-13012/44/2008-IA.II (T) dated 23.09.2015.

Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board (CECB) has granted “Consent for

Establishment” for 3600 MW power plant of KMPCL and also granted “Consent to

operate” for two units on 28.02.2013 and 15.04.2014.

As on today, KMPCL has commissioned two units of 600 MW capacity each on

14.08.2013 and 26.08.2014 and source of coal is South Eastern Coalfields

Limited, a subsidiary of Coal India Limited. The generated power is being supplied

to Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh States through

Long Term Power Purchase Agreements. Balance units are under advance stage

of construction and will be commissioned before end of September- 2019.

1.1 Status of Project

Details of execution of power plant facilities are presented in Table-1. Index map

is shown in Figure-1.

TABLE-1

PROPOSED TARGET DATES AND COMMISSIONING OF BALANCE UNITS

Facilities

% of Completion Completion

Date

Unit-III BTG and BOP 90 30th Oct, 2017

Unit-IV BTG and BOP 80 31st July, 2018

Unit-V BTG and BOP 40 31th Jan, 2018

Unit-VI BTG and BOP 30 30st Sep, 2019

Drainage system and Major

roads

80 30st Sep, 2019

Intermediate reservoir outside

plant site

80 30st Sep, 2019

Coal receipt system of balance

1800 MW

80 31st July, 2018





FIGURE-1

INDEX MAP

Plant Site





1.2 Project Size / Magnitude of Operation

The details of power plant are presented below in Table-2.

TABLE-2

DETAILS OF POWER PLANT

Sr. No. Features Particulars

1 Capacity 3600 MW

2 Configuration 6x600 MW

3 Type of boilers sub critical with pulverized Coal

4 Power evacuation Power generated at KMPCL is evacuated at

both 400 KV level

5 Fuel Coal

6 Source of Coal FSA and MOU with SECL

7 Coal Requirement 14.14 Million tonnes per year

8 Sulphur content 0.3-0.6% (Max) and design (0.4%)

9 Ash Content in Coal 21 - 40% (Max) and Design (36%)

10 Ash generation 5.09 Million tonnes per year

11 Fly ash 4.072 Million tonnes per year

12 Bottom Ash 1.018 Million tonnes per year

13 ESP efficiency 99.99 %

14 Stack 2 stacks (3 flues each of 275 m height)

15 Fresh water

requirement for

makeup

8,655 m3/hr (84.59 cusecs) from River

Mahanadi

1.3 Technology and Process Description

Steam Generator Units

The basic plant design considers unitized concept except for ancillary plants, as is

the practice. Judicious provisions have been considered while deciding the

margins in various system and system components and interchangeability of

equipment/system. State-of-the-art technology has been considered for design of

the proposed station. To achieve efficiency without sacrificing availability, the

choice of steam parameters has been limited to sub-critical range.

The parameters of the main plant and equipment are presented in Table-3.

TABLE-3

NOMINAL DETAILS OF MAIN PLANT

Sr. No. Units Details

I. Steam Generation Unit

1 Capacity 2000 TPH BMCR

2 Steam Parameters 174 bar (a), 540 oC

3 Type Semi-outdoor, natural circulation, single–





Sr. No. Units Details

reheat, pulverized firing construction,

balance draft.

4 Efficiency 87.5% on GCV of Coal

5 Reheat Steam

Parameters

38.2 bar and 540oC to 566oC

II. Turbo-Generator Unit

6 Capacity 600 MW at Generator terminal

7 Steam Parameters 166.7 bar and 538oC

8 Type Two/ Three Cylinder, regenerative,

condensing, single reheat

9 Condensing Pressure 0.1 bar(a)

10 Turbine Heat Rate 1927. 7 KCal/kwh

11 Reheat Steam

Parameters

35.7 bar and 538oC to 564oC

12 Generator Voltage 20 Kv

13 Gross Heat Rate 2203 KCal/kwh

2.0 Need of Change of Coal Source

During development stage, KMPCL had firm coal linkage from Morga-II Coal

block of Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation (GMDC) Limited (for first

three Units) and Gare Pelma Sector-III coal block of Goa Industrial

Development Corporation (GIDC) (for last three Units). Fuel Supply

Agreements (FSAs) were executed with both GMDC & GIDC.

The coal requirement for the power plant is about 14.14 Million Tonnes Per

Annum (MTPA). Coal was to be transported from coal mines to the site

through rail.

Due to delay in development of Morga-II coal block, KMPCL approached

Standing Linkage Committee (Long Term) (SLC (LT)) and SLC (LT) authorized

issuance of Letter of Assurance (LOA) by Coal India Limited on tapering basis

on 12.11.2008. On 11.06.2009, South Eastern Coalfields Limited, a subsidiary

of Coal India Limited, issued a Letter of Assurance (LOA) for 74,91,000 (7.49

MTPA) tonnes per annum to meet the coal requirement of 1800 MW (Units 1

to 3) out of 3600 MW capacity at the power plant.

Later, MOEF was approached for the amendment in EC to get the source of

coal changed from GMDC’s Coal Block to South Eastern Coalfields Limited until

the coal block of GMDC becomes operational. On 24.01.2012, MoEF issued the

amended EC including coal linkage from South Eastern Coalfields Limited as a

source of coal for three units.

Later, in accordance with CCEA decision, Government of India through

Presidential Directive dated 17.07.2013 mandated Coal India Limited to sign

Fuel Supply Agreements with Power developers including Tapering Linkage

holders, identified by Ministry of Power for supply of the domestic coal





quantity of 65%, 65%, 67% and 75% of Annual Contracted Quantity for the

remaining four years of the 12th Plan (i.e. from 2013-14 upto 2016-17). It

was also directed that to meet its balance FSA obligations, CIL may import

coal and supply the same to willing power plants on cost plus basis or Power

plants may also directly import coal themselves, if they so opt.

Further, New Coal Distribution Policy issued by Ministry of Coal, Government

of India was amended on 26.07.2013 to outline the above directives for

implementation.

On 19.03.2014, Fuel Supply Agreement was signed between KMPCL and

South Eastern Coalfields Limited to supply 49,94,000 tonnes per annum to

meet the requirement of two units of 600 MW capacity each (1200 MW).

Through this FSA, SECL committed to supply 3.2461 MTPA (65% of Annual

Contracted Quantity) in 2014-15, 3.34598 MTPA (67% of Annual Contracted

Quantity) in 2015-16 and 3.7455 MTPA (75% of Annual Contracted Quantity)

in 2016-17 to meet the requirement of two units.

Similarly for third unit, Fuel Supply Agreement was signed between Eastern

Coalfields Limited and KMPCL on 12.08.2014 for 1.763 MTPA.

However, Hon’ble Supreme Court, vide its orders dated 25.08.2014 and

24.09.2014 has cancelled allocation of all the coal blocks which also included

Morga II and Gare Pelma Sector III Coal Blocks that were linked to the KMPCL

project.

Pursuant to the cancellation of allotment of coal blocks by Hon’ble Supreme

Court, Ministry of Coal, on 30.06.2015, cancelled the tapering linkage granted

to KMPCL and directed CIL (SECL) to continue coal supplies to the Power Plant

under MOU mechanism till 31.03.2016 or till formulation of new policy by

Government of India, whichever is earlier.

Presently, SECL is continuing the coal supplies to 2 Units under an MOU dated

13.07.2015 to the extent of 67% of the Annual Contracted Quantity.

To meet the balance quantity of coal in line with Presidential Directive and

New Coal Distribution Policy and considering the inferior quality of coal

supplied by SECL (which is lesser than design specification of boiler of power

plant), it is now necessary to procure coal of higher GCV coal including

imported coal (available through Rail mode), in addition to Domestic Open

Market Coal (available through Road e Mode), to address the situation that

has arisen out of implementation of the Presidential Directive by Coal India

Limited. Blending of SECL’s coal and high GCV Coal from Imported and Open

Market coal sources will match with the boiler requirements and also meet the

balance coal requirement of the KMPCL units.

At present, to meet the balance amount of coal for the two units, KMPCL is

also sourcing coal from SECL though forward e-auction process, which is

supplied by SECL only by Road mode.





To meet the requirement of coal for the balance four units, KMPCL is pursuing

with Ministry Coal and Ministry of Power to provide long-term coal linkages

under the new policy mechanism under consideration of the Ministry of Coal.

The New Coal Distribution policy presently in vogue mandates CIL to meet

100% of the coal requirement of the Power Sector from Domestic Coal

sources.

Till November 2015, Railway Logistics Plan allowed only Western Ports to

procure imported coal for the Power Plants situated in the state of

Chhattisgarh. However recently on 13.11.2015 and 07.12.2015, Railway

Board, Ministry of Railways approved the procurement of imported coal by

KMPCL from Eastern Ports (through Nagpur route) namely Gangavaram,

Vizag, Kakinada and Krishnapatnam ports.

Rail distance from Kandla Port to KMPCL Power Plant is 1675 Km, which

amounted to Rs. 3277 per tonne transportation cost. After approval of Eastern

Port through Nagpur route, the distance has come down to 1467 KM which

has reduced the transportation cost to Rs. 2865 per tonne and coupled with

the fall in prices of imported coal, it is now financially viable to procure

imported coal. Now on the basis of approval provided by the Railway Board,

KMPCL is intending to import coal from eastern ports.

Hence, considering all above recent developments, to meet the balance coal

requirement till CIL supplies 100% of coal from Domestic Sources, KMPCL is

planning to procure coal through forward e-auction by Rail / Road mode, local

vendors supplying SECL/CIL coal by Road mode and Imported coal from

different countries including Australia, South Africa, USA, etc as temporary

arrangement.

3.0 Transportation of Coal SECL, Korba area to Plant site

During development stage, KMPCL had firm coal linkage from Morga II Coal

block of Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation (GMDC) Limited (for first

three Units) and Gare Pelma Sector-III coal block of Goa Industrial

Development Corporation (GIDC) (for last three Units). The coal requirement

for the power plant is about 14.14 Million Tonnes Per Annum (MTPA). Coal

was to be transported from coal mines to the site through rail. For this

purpose, a dedicated Railway corridor is envisaged to cater the needs of

KMPCL plant from Morga-II and Garepelma coal block area. A Detailed techno-

feasibility and route alignment studies also have been carried out. In this

connection, MOEF specified a condition that 4th year onwards the entire coal

shall be transported through rail mode till that road transportation of coal is

permitted. Due to cancellation of allotment of coal blocks by Hon’ble Supreme

Court, Ministry of Coal, on 30.06.2015, cancelled the tapering linkage granted

to KMPCL and directed CIL (SECL) to continue coal supplies to the Power Plant

under MOU mechanism till 31.03.2016 or till formulation of new policy by

Government of India, whichever is earlier.





On 19.03.2014, Fuel Supply Agreement was signed between KMPCL and

South Eastern Coalfields Limited to supply 49,94,000 tonnes per annum to

meet the requirement of two units of 600 MW capacity each (1200 MW).

Through this FSA, SECL committed to supply 3.2461 MTPA (65% of Annual

Contracted Quantity) in 2014-15, 3.34598 MTPA (67% of Annual Contracted

Quantity) in 2015-16 and 3.7455 MTPA (75% of Annual Contracted Quantity)

in 2016-17 to meet the requirement of two units. As on today, 3.34 MTPA of

coal is being supplied from SECL, Korba region. Out of which 60% of coal is

being transported from Korba region (Kusumunda, Dipka and Gevra area) to

plant site through railway wagons and balance amount has been transported

through road mode. KMPCL requires about 14.02 MTPA of coal in operation of

3600 MW thermal power, the details of coal requirement and mode of

transport of coal from mines area to plant site is presented in Table-4.

TABLE-4

DETAILS OF COAL REQUIREMENT AND MODE OF TRANPORTATION

Sr.

No.

Particulars

Coal

Consumption

Railway

Road

1 Domestic coal of Morga-II

and Gare Pelma-III

14.14

100

-

2 Blended coal (MTPA)

A Linkage coal 10.03 (71.55%) 6.022 (60%) 4.015 (40%)

B Open market 1.40 (10%) 0.70 (50% 0.70 (50%)

C Imported coal 2.58 (18.45%) 2.58 (100%)

Total 14.02 9.310 4.715

3 Coal requirement for Balance four units

A Linkage coal 7.636

3.818 (50 %)

3.818 (50 %)

B Open market

C Imported coal 1.72 1.72 (100%) -

Total 9.356

Total coal transportation

of coal on road mode

5.538

3.818

3.1 Impact on Traffic Load due to Coal Transportation

Impact of Coal Transportation on Roads and Surroundings

Project traffic impacts have been analyzed in terms of generally acceptable

procedures for trip generation, trip distribution, and traffic assignment.

3.1.1 Impact of off-Site Traffic on Air Quality

On account of various associated activities, there will be increased vehicular

traffic on connecting roads. Generation of particulate emissions is therefore, of

primary concern.





The extent of these impacts, at any given time depends upon

The rate of vehicular emission within a given stretch of the road; and

The prevailing meteorological conditions.

The impacts have strong temporal dependence as both of these factors vary with

time and would have diurnal, seasonal as well as long term components. The

modelling stimulations has been computed based on traffic routes from nearby

mine/washery to power plant. Out of 7.636 MTPA, 3.818 MTPA will be transported

through road network. The coal will be transported from Korba area to plant by

road through 28 T capacity trucks. Based on the transportation by road, the total

number of trucks required to cater need of power plant will be about 748 (to &

fro) per day. The coal transportation routes are shown below.

3.1.2 Coal Source and Transportation Route

M/s. KMPCL proposes to source coal from various mines i.e Dipka, Gevra,

Manikpur and Kusumunda opencast mines are major sources of coal in Korba

region. 30% of linkage coal of KMPCL has been sourcing from Korba area of

SECL. From KJSL washery, Dipka, Gevra, Kusaumuda and Manikpur opencast

mines are directly connected to dedicated road which joins village Hardi Bazar

area. The road width is about 3.7 to 4.0 m from the median excluding 2.0 m

shoulders on either side of the road. The road connecting to Chhal mines via

jangir champa and Kharsia is 3.7 to 10.0 meters width with 2.0 meters of

shoulder on either side.

For model computations, Right of Way (ROW) of 4.0 m to 10 m excluding 2.0 m

shoulders on either side of the road has been considered for perusal of violations

of standards and accordingly receptor locations have been chosen to account for

its location with respect to edge of ROW.

The mine details along with distance are presented in below Table-5. Coal

transportation route is shown in Figure-2.

TABLE-5

COAL SOURCE AND TRANSPORTATION ROUTE

Sr. No. Coal Mines/Washery Distance in km Width of the Road

from Median (in m)

1 Garota Siding and Hind Washery 31.6 3.7 to 4.0

2 KJSL Washery, Dhatura 41.0 3.7 to 4.0

3 Gevra Mines 52.1 3.7 to 4.0

4 Dipka Mines 52.3 3.7 to 4.0

5 Kusmunda Mines 57.9 3.7 to 4.0

6 Manikpur Mines 69.3 3.7 to 10.0

7 Chhal Mines 108 3.7 to 10.0

Environmental Management Plan for Change of Procurement mode from Linkage Coal to Forward E-Auction Coal and Permission to Transport of Coal from SECL Coal Mine Area to Power Plant Site, Nariyara Through Railway and Road mode

in Operation of 3600 MW Coal Based Power Plant at Nariyara, Akaltara Tehsil, Janjgir-Champa District, Chhattisgarh State


FIGURE-2

COAL TRANSPORTATION ROUTE





4.0 Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone around the transportation

route forms the baseline information. The various sources of air pollution in the

region are industrial, traffic, urban and rural activities. This will also be useful for

assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during vehicle

movements along the transportation route. The study area represents mostly rural

and industrial environment.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at 17 locations.

Table-6 gives the details of environmental setting around each monitoring station.

Air quality monitoring has been carried out for two consequent days starting from

04-04-2017 to 18-04-2017 at selected locations along the transportation route.

The location of the selected stations with reference to the plant boundary is given

in the same table and shown in Figure-3.

TABLE-6

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS

Location Code

Location Name Distance from Plant (km)

Towards Gevra, Dipka, Manikpur and Kusmunda Mines

AAQ1 Tarod village 1.0

AAQ2 Akarthala 7.3

AAQ3 Kotghar village 13.0

AAQ4 Baloda 22.7

AAQ5 Jorhadabari 38.6

AAQ6 Hardi Bazar 46.9

AAQ7 Ghatmuda 54.1

AAQ8 Mohanpur 66.2

Towards Chhal Mines

AAQ9 Amartala village 7.9

AAQ10 Champa 29.6

AAQ11 Naya Baradwar 52.3

AAQ12 Sakti 66.6

AAQ13 Kharsia 90.4

Towards Garota Siding and Hind Washery AAQ14 Nariyara Village 5.9

AAQ15 Mulmula 10.4

AAQ16 Masturi 22.3

AAQ17 Darrighat 28.1

Environmental Management Plan for Change of Procurement mode from Linkage Coal to Forward E-Auction Coal and Permission to Transport of Coal from SECL Coal Mine Area to Power Plant Site, Nariyara Through Railway and Road mode

in Operation of 3600 MW Coal Based Power Plant at Nariyara, Akaltara Tehsil, Janjgir-Champa District, Chhattisgarh State


FIGURE-3

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LOCATIONS





4.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

The results of Ambient Air Quality is given in Table-7.

TABLE-7

AAQ MONITORING RESULTS

Station Code

Name of the Location

PM10 (g/m3) PM2.5 (g/m3)

Min Max Avg 98th

%le Min Max Avg 98th

%le

AAQ1 Tarod village 47.3 51.3 49.3 51.2 25.2 28.8 27.0 28.7

AAQ2 Akarthala 57.4 62.9 60.2 62.8 30.6 34.1 32.4 34.0

AAQ3 Kotghar village 48.7 52.8 50.8 52.7 29.4 31.2 30.3 31.2

AAQ4 Baloda 69.3 74.8 72.1 74.7 40.3 43.6 42.0 43.5

AAQ5 Jorhadabari 45.1 48.8 47.0 48.7 26.2 28.8 27.5 28.7

AAQ6 Hardi Bazar 82.9 88.4 85.7 88.3 50.4 52.6 51.5 52.6

AAQ7 Ghatmuda 50.9 53.2 52.1 53.2 28.7 30.4 29.6 30.4

AAQ8 Mohanpur 42.3 45.1 43.7 45.0 25.8 26.6 26.2 26.6

AAQ9 Amartala village 49.4 52.7 51.1 52.6 30.5 32.2 31.4 32.2

AAQ10 Champa 48.9 51.2 50.1 51.2 30.6 31.4 31.0 31.4

AAQ11 Naya Baradwar 44.3 46.2 45.3 46.2 25.4 27.8 26.6 27.8

AAQ12 Sakti 47.5 51.3 49.4 51.2 36.8 38.1 37.5 38.1

AAQ13 Kharsia 56.1 60.3 58.2 60.2 38.6 41.2 39.9 41.1

AAQ14 Nariyara Village 53.4 61.5 57.5 61.3 35.6 37.2 36.4 37.2

AAQ15 Mulmula Village 41.3 42.5 41.9 42.5 26.4 28.1 27.3 28.1

AAQ16 Masturi Village 45.1 47.7 46.4 47.6 30.8 33.4 32.1 33.3

AAQ17 Darrighat 44.1 49.6 46.9 49.5 28.4 31.6 30.0 31.5

Study Area Range 41.3 – 88.4 25.2 – 52.6

CPCB Standard 100 60

Station Code

Name of the Location

NO2 (g/m3) CO (g/m3)

Min Max Avg 98th

%le Min Max Avg 98th

%le

AAQ1 Tarod village 24.1 26.3 25.2 26.3 677 850 756 848

AAQ2 Akarthala 24.2 27.9 26.1 27.8 605 780 671 774

AAQ3 Kotghar village 16.8 18.5 17.7 18.5 502 616 557 614

AAQ4 Baloda 18.7 19.2 19.0 19.2 658 752 698 749

AAQ5 Jorhadabari 16.6 17.4 17.0 17.4 490 580 537 578

AAQ6 Hardi Bazar 19.3 20.1 19.7 20.1 791 890 836 889

AAQ7 Ghatmuda 18.9 20.7 19.8 20.7 562 686 621 683

AAQ8 Mohanpur 19.7 21.4 20.6 21.4 610 716 672 715

AAQ9 Amartala village 20.2 21.9 21.1 21.9 582 653 620 652

AAQ10 Champa 18.8 20.9 19.9 20.9 561 681 614 676

AAQ11 Naya Baradwar 15.9 16.3 16.1 16.3 509 584 538 582

AAQ12 Sakti 16.4 17.3 16.9 17.3 528 598 553 595

AAQ13 Kharsia 17.2 18.4 17.8 18.4 603 687 631 683

AAQ14 Nariyara Village 25.6 26.8 26.2 26.8 613 674 643 672

AAQ15 Mulmula 17.9 19.5 18.7 19.5 547 667 606 665

AAQ16 Masturi 16.7 18.1 17.4 18.1 515 591 549 590

AAQ17 Darrighat 18.8 20.2 19.5 20.2 532 614 567 611

Study Area Range 15.9 – 27.9 490 – 890

CPCB Standard 80 2000





4.1.1 Observations

PM10: The maximum value for PM10 observed at Amartala village as 88.4

g/m3 and minimum value for PM10 at Nariyara Village as 41.3 g/m3.

PM2.5: The maximum value for PM2.5 observed at Amartala village as 52.6

g/m3 and minimum value for PM2.5 at Nariyara Village as 25.2 g/m3.

NO2: The maximum value for NO2 observed at Tarod village as 27.9 g/m3 and

minimum value for NO2 at Akarthala as 15.9 g/m3.

CO: The maximum value for CO observed at Amartala village as 890 g/m3

and minimum value for CO at Nariyara Village as 490 g/m3.

4.1.2 Conclusions

The results of the monitored data indicate that the ambient air quality of the

region in general is conformity with respect to norms of National Ambient Air

Quality standards of CPCB, at all locations monitored.

5.0 Impact on Air Quality due to Coal Transportation

5.1 Details of Mathematical Modeling

For prediction of maximum Ground Level Concentrations (GLC’s), the air

dispersion modeling software (AERMOD version 7.1.0) line source was used.

AERMOD is steady state advanced Gaussian plume model that simulates air

quality and deposition fields upto 50 km radius. AERMOD is approved by USEPA

and is widely used software. It is an advanced version of Industrial Source

Complex (ISCST3) model, utilizes similar input and output structure to ISCST3

sharing many of the same features, as well as offering additional features. The

model is applicable to rural and urban areas, flat and complex terrain, surface and

elevated releases and multiple sources including point, area, flare, line and

volume sources.

Dispersion modeling using AERMOD requires hourly meteorological data. Site

specific data is used for executing modeling studies. The site specific

meteorological data is processed using AERMET processor.

5.2 Model Input Data

The predictions of traffic volume incremental concentrations of CO, NOX, PM10 and

PM2.5 due to additional traffic assumed are estimated based on site specific

meteorological conditions and line source. The line source is taken based on

nearest road transportation route from the nearby coal mines and washeries to

plant boundary. The emission rates as inputs to the line source model are

calculated based on “Emission factor development for Indian Vehicles”, a project

executed by Automative Research Association of India, Pune, 2008. The inputs

used for modeling area given in Table-8.





Emissions from Road Dust

Particulate emissions occur whenever vehicles travel over a paved surface such as

a road or parking lot. Particulate emissions from paved roads are due to direct

emissions from vehicles in the form of exhaust, brake wear and tire wear

emissions and re-suspension of loose material on the road surface. In general

terms, re-suspended particulate emissions from paved roads originate from, and

result in the depletion of, the loose material present on the surface (i.e., the

surface loading). In turn, that surface loading is continuously replenished by other

sources. At industrial sites, surface loading is replenished by spillage of material

and track out from unpaved roads and staging areas.

Dust emissions from paved roads have been found to vary with what is termed

the "silt loading" present on the road surface. In addition, the average weight and

speed of vehicles travelling the road influence road dust emissions.

Paved Road Emission Factors

The quantity of particulate emissions from re-suspension of loose material on the

road surface due to vehicle travel on a dry paved road may be estimated using

the following empirical expression:

E = k (sL)0.91 (W)1.02

Where:

E = Particulate emission factor (having units matching the units of k);

sL = Road surface silt loading (grams per square meter) (g/m2);

k = Particle size multiplier for particle size range; and

W = Average weight (tons) of the vehicles travelling the road.

PARTICLE SIZE MULTIPLIER FOR PAVED ROAD EQUATION

Particle size fraction k (g/VKT)

PM10 0.15

PM2.5 0.62 Source: EPA AP-42, Section-13.2.1

TABLE-8

PARAMETERS CONSIDERED FOR MODELLING

Sr. No. Parameter Description

1 Coal requirement 3.818 MTPA

2 Truck capacity 28 tonnes

3 No. of trucks 748 trucks/day (to and fro)

4 Distance from KMPCL (Length of the road)

Garota Siding and Hind Washery - 31.6 km KJSL Washery, Dhatura - 41.0 km Gevra Mines - 52.1 km Dipka Mines - 52.3 km Kusmunda Mines - 57.9 km Manikpur Mines - 69.3 km

Chhal Mines - 108 km





Sr. No. Parameter Description

5

ARAI Emission factors (Exit Flue Gas of Vehicles)

CO (g/VKT) 6.0

NOx (g/VKT) 9.3

PM (g/VKT) 1.24

Cumulative Emission Rate (g/s)

PM10 PM2.5 NOx CO

Garota Siding and Hind Washery

21.69 3.25 4.19 2.71

KJSL Washery, Dhatura 28.14 4.22 4.21 2.72

Gevra Mines 35.75 5.36 4.66 3.01

Dipka Mines 35.89 5.38 5.33 3.44

Kusmunda Mines 39.74 5.96 2.54 1.64

Manikpur Mines 45.43 6.81 3.30 2.13

Chhal Mines 74.12 11.12 8.70 5.61

5.3 Model Predictions

The predicted CO, NOx and PM concentrations from vehicular traffic are presented

in Table-9 and Model isopleths of the same are shown in Annexure-1.

TABLE-9

PREDICTED MAXIMUM INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS

DUE TO ADDITIONAL TRUCK MOVEMENT

Coal Transportation Route up to KMPCL

Concentration (µg/m3)

Particulate Matter Carbon Monoxide

(CO)

Oxides of Nitrogen

(NOx) PM10 PM2.5

Garota Siding and Hind Washery 48.0 7.2 3.6 5.6

KJSL Washery, Dhatura 11.1 1.7 1.3 1.3

Gevra Mines 34.2 5.1 2.6 4.0

Dipka Mines 34.3 5.1 2.6 4.0

Kusmunda Mines 15.9 2.4 1.2 1.9

Manikpur Mines 41.4 16.6 7.1 11.0

Chhal Mines 15.3 2.3 1.2 1.8

The observation from predictions reveal that the maximum incremental

concentration of PM10, PM2.5, CO and NOx are in the range of 11.1 to 48.0 µg/m3,

1.7 to 16.6 µg/m3, 1.2 to 7.1 µg/m3 and 1.3 to 11.0 µg/m3 respectively likely to

occur within 10 m from the centre of the road. The CO and NOx concentrations

are likely to be very low when compared with NAAQS for CO (4000 µg/m3) and

WHO standard of 400 µg/m3 for hourly average for NOx.

5.4 Impact on Roadside Habitation Due to Coal Transport

The predicted 24 hourly resultant maximum concentrations of CO, NOX, PM10 and

PM2.5 were observed to be occurring at road side occurring within 10 m from the

centre of the road. However, these concentrations will be less at nearby

habitations. The resultant concentrations at nearby villages/settlements are

presented in Table-10.





TABLE-10

RESULTANT CONCENTRATIONS DUE TO ADDITIONAL TRUCK MOVEMENT

Name of the

Location Incremental Baseline Resultant

PM10 PM2.5 NOx CO PM10 PM2.5 NOx CO PM10 PM2.5 NOx CO

Towards Gevra, Dipka, Kusmunda and Manikpur Mines Tarod village 1.0 0.4 0.25 0.4 51.2 28.7 26.3 848 52.2 29.1 26.6 848.4

Akarthala 1.0 0.4 0.25 0.7 62.8 34.0 27.8 774 63.8 34.4 28.1 774.7

Kotghar village 1.0 0.4 0.60 0.7 52.7 31.2 18.5 614 53.7 31.6 19.1 614.7

Baloda 2.5 0.9 0.6 0.83 74.7 43.5 19.2 749 77.2 44.4 19.8 749.8

Jorhadabari 2.5 0.9 1.4 0.93 48.7 28.7 17.4 578 51.2 29.6 18.8 578.9

Hardi Bazar 10.0 2.6 2.8 0.93 88.3 52.6 20.1 889 98.3 55.2 22.9 889.9

Ghatmuda 20.4 9.5 6.6 4.3 53.2 30.4 20.7 683 73.6 39.9 27.3 687.3

Mohanpur 5.4 1.5 1.4 0.83 45.0 26.6 21.4 715 50.4 28.1 22.8 715.8

Towards Chhal Mines Amartala village 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.13 52.6 32.2 21.9 652 54.3 32.4 22.1 652.1

Champa 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.13 51.2 31.4 20.9 676 52.9 31.6 21.1 676.1

Naya Baradwar 3.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 46.2 27.8 16.3 582 49.6 28.5 16.9 582.4

Sakti 3.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 51.2 38.1 17.3 595 54.6 38.8 17.9 595.4

Kharsia 6.8 1.2 1.0 0.65 60.2 41.1 18.4 683 67 42.3 19.4 683.7

Towards Garota Siding and Hind Washery Nariyara Village 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 61.3 37.2 26.8 672 63.3 37.4 27 672.2

Mulmula Village 5.9 1.1 0.4 0.4 42.5 28.1 19.5 665 48.4 29.2 19.9 665.4

Masturi Village 3.9 0.5 1.0 0.6 47.6 33.3 18.1 590 51.5 33.8 19.1 590.6

Darrighat 5.9 1.1 1.2 0.8 49.5 31.5 20.2 611 55.4 32.6 21.4 611.8

From the above table, it can be observed that the resultant concentrations of

PM10 and PM2.5, NOX and CO, were found to be within the NAAQ standards.

Further, above predictions represents worst case scenarios representing

longer road transport route option. However, in actual scenario the coal

transportation distance will be lesser than the worst case transportation

route (longer route) considered.

6.0 Adequacy of Existing Road Network in Study Area

The traffic contribution due to road network, will thus is the ‘to and fro’ movement

of 748 vehicles per day, which is equivalent to 2244 PCU per day wherein the

maximum carrying capacity of 7 m wide road is of 15,000 PCU/day. The estimated

peak traffic in terms of PCUs, when compared to the stipulated standards by IRC for

traffic capacity of the roads and it can be observed that the existing road network is

adequate. IRC recommendations are provided in Table-11.

TABLE-11

RECOMMENDATIONS ON TRAFFIC CAPACITY - IRC

Sr. No. Category of Road Maximum PCU/day

1 Two lane roads (7 m) with earthen shoulders 15,000

2 Four lane highway with earthen shoulders 35,000





6.1 Details of Road and Project Induced Traffic

Traffic study was conducted during 1st week of April 2017. The existing traffic

mainly includes trucks carrying coal from surrounding coal blocks of Dipka,

Kusumunda, Manikpur and Gevra mine area directly to KMPCL via National

Highway 200 and NH-149 B also KJSL coal washery which near village Dhatura

and Hind coal washery near Balooda bazar further transport to Akaltara and plant

site to deliver to end user.

Coal blocks of Chhal, Baroud and Jampali opencast mines are also the major

source of coal to the nearby industries including KMPCL in the region. Coal from

these mines transported to KMPCL via Sakti, Champa and Janjgir.

Trolley truck of 28 Tonnes and tipper of 25 or 15 tonnes capacity are currently

being deployed by various transporters. The details of road transport route from

different mines with road width is presented in Table-5.

The traffic study was conducted to know the prevailing traffic volumes on the roads

in the area. Impact due to transport of raw material on the air quality has been

carried out in. To assess the prevailing traffic volumes on the roads, a survey was

conducted during normal working day of the week by avoiding local holidays or

abnormal situations to reflect the true picture of the traffic density. The traffic flow

was monitored at Nariyara village which is connecting to National Highway-200,

Tarod village, Akaltara and near Amartala village. Traffic survey locations are given

in Figure-4.

6.2 Methodology

6.2.1 Vehicular Count

The vehicles plying in both the directions were counted continuously for 24 hours.

The vehicles were counted every hour and recorded under respective category. The

maximum traffic count in an hour is termed as peak hour traffic. The vehicles were

categorized under various heads like 2 wheelers (Scooter/Motor cycle), 3 Wheelers

(Auto Rickshaw), LMV 4 wheelers (Car/ Jeep /Mini auto), HMV/6

(wheeler/Bus/Tractor/Mini Truck/dumper), Tractor with trolley and Multi Axle Truck

more than 8 wheels. These details are presented below in Table-12.

TABLE-12

TRAFFIC DENSITY (VEHICLES/DAY)

Location Two

Wheelers (Bicycle/

Scooter/

Motorcycle)

Three

Wheelers (Auto

Rickshaw)

Four

Wheelers (Car/Jeep/

Mini auto)

HMV/6

(wheeler/Bus/ Tractor/Mini

Truck/Dumper)

Tractor

with Trolley

Multi Axle

Truck more

than 8

Wheels

Total

PCU’s

PCUs/

Day

Nariyara village

Towards KSK 369 39 433 726 102 1071 2740 6075

Towards Bilaspur 384 55 434 768 108 1587 3335

Akaltara

Towards Neermata Chowk 652 113 688 1140 336 1935 4864 9524

Towards Akaltara town 602 126 780 1089 312 1752 4660





Location Two

Wheelers

(Bicycle/

Scooter/

Motorcycle)

Three

Wheelers

(Auto

Rickshaw)

Four

Wheelers

(Car/Jeep/

Mini auto)

HMV/6

(wheeler/Bus/

Tractor/Mini

Truck/Dumper)

Tractor

with

Trolley

Multi Axle

Truck

more

than 8

Wheels

Total

PCU’s

PCUs/

Day

Near Amartatla

Towards Neermata Chowk 453 49.5 810 927 162 2223 4625 9498

towards Janjgir 452 78 746 963 177 2457 4873

Near Tarod

Towards Neermata Chowk 615 85 726 420 195 2070 4111 9404

Towards KSK 545 82.5 783 1434 243 2205 5293

Total

Note: PCU rating: (2/3 wheelers: 0.5, Car/Jeep: 1.0, Tractor: 3.0, Buses: 3.0, Trucks/HMV: 3.0)





FIGURE-4

TRAFFIC SURVEY LOCATIONS

T-2

T-3

T-4

T-1





The modeling has been carried out for the peak incremental traffic load of Peak-

31 trucks per hour, for the pollutants of Carbon Monoxide, Oxides of Nitrogen and

Particulates. Traffic census studies have been carried at four major roads which

connect coal mines and washeries and results are presented in Table-13 and

Table-14.

TABLE-13

PROPOSED TRAFFIC-KSK MAHANADI POWER PLANT

Sr. No. Material Truck Capacity Trips (To & Fro) PCU

1 Coal

(for 3.818 MTPA)

28 T 748 2,244

TABLE-14

TRAFFIC DENSITY IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No.

Description No. of Vehicles/Day

(Proposed)

Existing

Vehicular Count

in PCU

Total IRC Recommendation

1 Nariyara village 2,244 6,075 8,319

15,000 2 Akaltara 2,244 9,524 11,768

3 Near Amartatla village 2,244 9,498 11,742

4 Near Tarod village 2,244 9,404 11,648

6.2.2 Impact of proposed Traffic on Road Adequacy

With present level of traffic and proposed traffic due to the project during

operational phase has been estimated by comparison with the recommendations

stipulated by the Indian Road Congress (IRC). The IRC recommendations on

traffic capacity are presented in Table-9.

The existing road is a two lane road as such as per IRC recommendation is

adequate for a maximum of 15,000 PCUs/day. The projected vehicles count in

PUCs is well with the IRC recommendations.

7.0 Impact on Noise Quality

For KMPCL power project, the required coal will be sourced from nearby coal mines

and washeries. Noise pollution in the region is mainly due to movement of vehicles

including vehicles movement of other coal consumers.

A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the villages /

habitations on road segment of coal transportation route. The monitoring was

conducted at nearby identified roadside habitations on 7th April 2017 for

determination of ambient noise levels.

The noise levels at each location were recorded for 24 hours. The environment

setting of noise monitoring locations at identified nearby habitations along the





road segment of coal transportation is given in Table-15. These locations marked

on toposheet and shown in Figure-5.

TABLE-15

NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS ROAD SIDE HABITATION

Code Location Name Distance w.r.t

Plant Site (km)

Direction Environmental Setting

N – 1 Nariyara village 1.9 SSW Residential

N – 2 Akaltara 3.0 NNE Commercial

N – 3 Near Amartatla village 1.0 NE Residential

N – 4 Near Tarod village 4.0 NE Residential

7.1 Presentation of Results

The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at four locations. The

parameters are analyzed for Lday, Lnight, and Ldn. These results are tabulated in

Table-16.

TABLE-16

NOISE LEVELS

Code Location L10 L50 L90 Leq Lday Lnight Ldn

N1 Nariyara village 48.2 44.5 40.9 45.4 46.0 42.8 49.8 N2 Akaltara 50.1 46.2 42.5 47.1 47.6 44.6 51.6 N3 Near Amartatla

village 48.6

44.8 41.3 45.7 46.3 43.3 50.3 N4 Near Tarod village 49.8 46.3 42.8 47.2 47.8 44.8 51.8

All values are given in dB (A)

7.2 Observation of Results

a) Day Time Noise Levels (Lday)

The day time (Lday) noise levels at all the locations are observed to be in the range

of 46.0 dB (A) to 47.8 dB (A). The maximum noise level of 47.8 dB (A) was

observed at Tarod village (N4) and the minimum noise level of 46.0 dB (A) was

observed at Nariyara village (N1). It is observed that the day time noise levels are

in accordance to the prescribed limit of 55 dB (A) for Residential areas.

b) Night Time Noise Levels (Lnight)

The night time (Lnight) noise levels at all the locations were observed to be in the

range of 42.8 dB (A) to 44.8 dB (A). The maximum noise level of 44.8 dB (A) was

observed at Tarod village (N4). The minimum noise level of 42.8 dB (A) was

observed at Nariyara village (N1). It has been found that the night time noise

levels are in accordance with prescribed limit of 45 dB (A) for Residential areas.





FIGURE-5

NOISE LEVEL MONITORING LOCATIONS

N-1

N-4

N-2

N-3





8.0 Environment Management Plan

8.1 Mitigation measures for controling vehicle borne dust emissions

All trucks shall be covered with tarpaulin and environmentally compliant;

Adequate greenbelt shall be augmented in consultation with the competent

authorities;

Regular maintenance and servicing of trucks shall be carried out;

Idling of the trucks and dumpers on the access roads shall be restricted;

Regular water sprinkling shall be done with the maximum possible extent; and

Road maintenance and repairing of the roads.

8.2 Noise Mitigation Measures

The roads are bituminous and the noise will be absorbed;

Open-garded asphalt pavement matériel for tire noise réduction;

Speed limit reduction in certain neighbourhoods;

Banning truck operations at certain urban streets;

Enforcing sufficient right of way distances;

Establishing greenbelt buffer zones to reduce noise levels at receptor

locations;

Unwanted honking shall be restricted.

8.3 Road Safety

Road accidents can occur due to various reasons and are not caused intentionally.

Accidents result due to a combination of different factors such as external factors

i.e weather and road conditions, road users and the condition of the vehicle.

These factors never act as isolated entities. Most common are the mistakes of the

driver followed by bad street conditions, mistakes of a pedestrian as well as

technical and maintenance defects. Accident prevention measures will be

implemented as followed:

Safe Traffic System Design and Accident Prevention Measures

The main technical defects causing accidents are detected on tyres, lights,

brakes and the steering. High-quality rubber will be used to the grip as well as

the braking of a vehicle to lower accident rates;

Median barriers will be arranged with help of state government to prevent

overtaking and to eliminate head-on crashes;

Better highlighting of hazards through road lighting at residential areas and at

other major junctions and roundabouts;

Advisory speed limits at sharp bends.





Measures to slow the traffic eg. Decreasing of speed at selected places

(eg. Settlements, schools, markets etc.). Residential access roads are designed

to achieve very low speeds, normally around 30 km/h;

Improving signs and markings at High-risk sites.

The fitness tests of motor vehicles will be carried out regularly to assess the

vehicle condition;

Drunken driving is significant and widespread factor in road crashes,

effective measures shall be taken to reduce alcohol influenced crashes and

injuries;

Road safety awareness training will be given to truck drivers and residents of

nearby villages.

Improvements in road signage and pavement markings and attention to road

accident clack spots.

9.0 Conclusion

KMPCL presently sourcing coal from SECL though forward e-auction process to

meet the balance amount of coal for the two units, which is supplied by SECL

only by Road mode.

To meet the requirement of coal for the balance four units, KMPCL is pursuing

with Ministry Coal and Ministry of Power to provide long-term coal linkages

under the new policy mechanism under consideration of the Ministry of Coal.

Railway Board, Ministry of Railways approved the procurement of imported

coal by KMPCL from Eastern Ports (through Nagpur route) namely

Gangavaram, Vizag, Kakinada and Krishnapatnam ports. Now on the basis of

approval provided by the Railway Board, KMPCL is intending to import coal

from eastern ports.

Hence, considering all above recent developments, to meet the balance coal

requirement till CIL supplies 100% of coal from Domestic Sources, KMPCL is

planning to procure coal through forward e-auction by Rail / Road mode, local

vendors supplying SECL/CIL coal by road mode and Imported coal from

different countries including Australia, South Africa, USA, etc as temporary

arrangement.

The traffic modelling stimulations has been computed for AAQ predictions based

on traffic routes from nearby mines/washery to power plant. Out of 7.636

MTPA, 3.818 MTPA will be transported through road network. The coal will be

transported from Korba area to plant by road through 28 T capacity trucks.

Based on the transportation by road, the total number of trucks required to

cater need of power plant will be about 748 (to & fro) per day.





The observation from predictions reveal that the maximum incremental

concentration of PM10, PM2.5, CO and NOx are in the range of 11.1 to 48.0

µg/m3, 1.7 to 16.6 µg/m3, 1.2 to 7.1 µg/m3 and 1.3 to 11.0 µg/m3

respectively likely to occur within 10-m from the centre of the road. The CO

and NOx concentrations are likely to be very low when compared with NAAQS

for CO (4000 µg/m3) and WHO standard of 400 µg/m3 for hourly average for

NOx.

Due to additional traffic there will be slight increase in particulate matter levels

along the road. The maximum incremental particulate matter concentrations

likely to occur at 10 m from the centre of the road. The resultant

concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5, NOX and CO, were found to be within the

NAAQ standards. Further, above predictions represents worst case scenarios

representing longer road transport route option. However, in actual scenario

the coal transportation distance will be lesser than the worst case

transportation route (longer route) considered.

Suitable dust control measures will be taken to arrest/dispersion of dust

towards nearby habitations. The suitable EMP measures will be implemented

to reduce the impact of road dust.

The traffic study was conducted to know the prevailing traffic volumes on the

roads in the area. Impact due to transport of raw material on the air quality

has been carried out in. The estimated existing peak traffic in terms of PCUs

are compared with the stipulated standards by IRC for traffic capacity of the

existing road network.

Air quality monitoring has been carried out at selected locations along the coal

transportation route. The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, CO and NOx are in the

range 41.3 to 88.4 g/m3, 25.2 to 52.6 g/m3, 15.9 to 27.9 g/m3 and 430 to

890 g/m3 respectively.

The existing road is a two lane road as such as per IRC recommendation is

adequate for a maximum of 15000 PCUs/day. The projected vehicles count in

PUCs is well with the IRC recommendations.

Noise pollution in the region is mainly due to movement of vehicles including

vehicles movement of other coal consumers. The noise level survey conducted

at selected locations along the transportation route. The noise levels in day and

night time are within the limits prescribed by CPCB.

By implementing EMP measures to control the air pollutants and noise levels

there will be no significant impact will be due to the additional traffic movement

from nearby coal mines to KMPCL.





ANNEXURES





ANNEXURE-1

MODEL ISOPLETHS OF AIR POLLUTANTS

FIGURE-1(A)

ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR CO

(GEVRA OPENCAST MINE - KSK MAHANADI PROJECT)





FIGURE-1(B)

ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR NOX






FIGURE-1(C)

ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR PM10






FIGURE-1(D)

ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR PM2.5






FIGURE-2(A)


(DIPKA OPENCAST MINE - KSK MAHANADI PROJECT)





FIGURE-2(B)

ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR NOx






FIGURE-2(C)







FIGURE-2(D)







FIGURE-3(A)


(KUSMUNDA OPENCAST MINE-KSK MAHANADI PROJECT)





FIGURE-3(B)







FIGURE-3(C)







FIGURE-3(D)







FIGURE-4(A)


(MANIKPUR OPENCAST MINE-KSK MAHANADI PROJECT)





FIGURE-4(B)


(MANIKPUR OPENCAST MINE - KSK MAHANADI PROJECT)





FIGURE-4(C)







FIGURE-4(D)







IGURE-5(A)


(HIND COAL WASHERY - KSK MAHANADI PROJECT)





FIGURE-5(B)







FIGURE-5(C)







FIGURE-5(D)







FIGURE-6(A)


(KJSL COAL & POWER - KSK MAHANADI PROJECT)





FIGURE-6(B)







FIGURE-6(C)







FIGURE-6(D)







FIGURE-7(A)


(CHHAL OPENCAST MINE - KSK MAHANADI PROJECT)





FIGURE-7(B)







FIGURE-7(C)







FIGURE-7(D)



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