environment · 2020. 6. 15. · impact of climate change consumer education and the environment ....
TRANSCRIPT
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EnvironmentSession 1 – Introduction to Environment in the ASEAN
Context
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Session topics / Outline Healthy and safe environment as fundamental right of consumers
Role of consumers in ensuring a healthy environment
Capacity-building needs in environment protection regarding laws on water and air pollution, consumption patterns, and impact of climate change
Sustainable consumption and the triple bottom line (environment, economy, and society) issues related to consumption patterns
Priority environment issues among the AMS
Sufficiency of environmental laws in protecting consumer rights
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Healthy and safe environment is one of the fundamental rights of consumers.
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Healthy and safe environment as fundamental right of consumers
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People rely on the environment for: Subsistence (food, fuel and
water) Ecosystems (natural
circulation of air, seasonal climate, and natural purification of water)
Human experiences (recreation, spiritual and educational values, nutrients in nature, etc.)
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Healthy and safe environment as fundamental right of consumers
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Environmental laws ensure: Biodiversity protection Creation of national parks Designation of nature
reserves and protected areas
Regulation of polluting activities
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Healthy and safe environment as fundamental right of consumers
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Environmental laws ensure: Protection from and
management of hazardous substances
Criteria for air and water safe for humans
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Healthy and safe environment as fundamental right of consumers
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Access to their basic needs Formulation of holistic:
o Regulatory informative tools
o Policies by government agencies regarding: • Water and electricity • Affordability of goods • Fair trade
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Role of Consumers
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o Policies by government agencies regarding: • Quality and safety of
agricultural produce • Chemical-free packaging
materials
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Role of Consumers
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Consumer awareness in ensuring a healthy environment through:
o Consumption activities o Purchasing choice
• organic products• containers that do not
leach chemicals • energy-efficient
electro domestic products
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Capacity-building needs in the environment
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Capacity building needs in the Environment focus on: Laws on water and air
pollution Role of consumers, industry,
and government in waste management
Climate change and its impact
Impact of human activities
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Capacity-building needs in the environment
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Capacity building needs in the Environment focus on: Impact of human activities
are in terms of: o Pollution to air and watero Resource extraction
leading to waste generation
o Greenhouse gas emissions
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Capacity-building needs in the environment
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Increasing use of renewable
energy sources
Minimizing waste
Taking a life cycle
perspectiveImproving resource efficiency
Enhancing quality of life
Meeting needs
Umbrella term that covers:
SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
Sustainable consumption and Triple Bottom Line of sustainability
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Sustainable consumption and Triple Bottom Line of sustainability
Key issues: Improvement in environment through: Substitution of more efficient
and less polluting goods and services.
Reductions in the volumes of goods and services consumed.
Changing consumption patterns than consumption volume.
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Society
EconomyEnvironment
Triple Bottom Line of Sustainable Consumption There is a need to address
society, environment, and economy:
o Using resources efficientlyo Reducing wasteo Choosing sustainable
optionso Fulfilling the needs of the
present and the future
Sustainable consumption and Triple Bottom Line of sustainability
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AMS Consumer Protection Issues on the Environment: Air and water quality Sustainable energy Solid waste management Eco-labeling
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Priority Environment Issues among AMS
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Consumption patterns are result of choices of actors: Business Government Individual households
Sufficiency of Environmental Laws in Protecting Consumer Rights
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Influencing and informing these choices means: Stimulating and facilitating
new products. Altering the current
infrastructure and regulatory framework that lock consumers into unsustainable behavior.
Sufficiency of Environmental Laws in Protecting Consumer Rights
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Sufficiency of Environmental Laws in Protecting Consumer Rights
Consumer protection can be used to understand forces behind: Consumption Inspire cost effective
improvements raising o Quality of life o Reducing environment
damage
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What are your significant learnings from the topics discussed?
How can you apply these learnings in your work related to consumer protection?
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Session Assessment
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EnvironmentSession 2 – Substantive
Consumer Protection Issues
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Session topics / Outline Consumer protection: right to a healthy and safe environment Access to and sufficiency of public utilities Strategies and policies in securing the quality of air Product safety and environmental aspects Waste management at home, in the community, and by business Impact of climate change Consumer education and the environment
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Consumer protection: Right to a healthy and safe environment
Substantive consumer protection issues in the Environment sector refer to: right to healthy environment access to sufficiency of
public utility strategies and policies in
security quality of air, product safety and environmental services
waste management, and impact of climate change
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Consumer protection: Right to a healthy and safe environment
Access to water and energy Goal 6 and 7 of the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
The United Nations General Assembly has recognized the right to safe and drinking water as human right.
Fossil fuels remain to be to be the main source of energy globally
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Affordability of water and energyEconomic access is an aspect of human right. Water, water facilities, and
service must be affordable. Direct and indirect costs and
charges in securing water must be affordable.
Consumer protection: Right to a healthy and safe environment
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Affordability of water and energy Water and energy are basic
rights and necessities, thus, public utilities need to be affordable.
Consumer protection: Right to a healthy and safe environment
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Problems with public utilities: Absence of market
competition Intense capital requirements Monopoly of distribution
Access to and sufficiency of public utilities
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Strategies and policies in securing quality of airAppropriate energy mix to meet development needs: Increased use of renewable
energy Advanced energy
technologieso Cleaner fossil fuelo Use of traditional energy
resources
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Appropriate energy mix to meet development needs: Reduction of air chemical
pollution. Phase out harmful and
inefficient fossil fuel because:
o Fossil fuel contributes to air pollution.
Strategies and policies in securing quality of air
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Phase out harmful and inefficient fossil fuel because:o Burning of carbon-based
energy sources releases carbon monoxide and other harmful air pollutants.
o Agricultural practice of slash and burn contributes to forest fires and haze.
Strategies and policies in securing quality of air
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Need for energy efficiency measures in: Urban planning Buildings Transportation Production of goods and
services Design of products
Product safety and environmental aspects
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Sources of wastewater discharges: Manufacturing industry Mining industry Household wastewater Marine pollution and debris Other water pollutants
Waste management at home, in the community, and by business
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Waste management Informal waste segregation
and collection need appropriate technology.
Recycling practices need protective equipment in handling toxic and heavy metals.
Waste management at home, in the community, and by business
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Waste management remains a challenge due to: Consumption and
production patterns. Lack of management
capabilities. Lack of infrastructure for
waste management.
Waste management at home, in the community, and by business
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Impact of climate change
The regions’ greenhouse gas emissions is far less compared to other countries.
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Typhoons and calamities in the region cause damage to: Property Infrastructure Agriculture
Impact of climate change
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Predicted impact of climate change in the region: More instances of drought Rise in sea levels Stronger typhoons
Impact of climate change
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Decreased crop yields
Increased livestock deaths
Increased outbreak of insect pests and diseases
Increased frequency of drought, floods, and tropical cyclones
Change in precipitation pattern
Increased runoff and soil erosion
Loss of arable lands due to advancing sea level
Salinization of irrigation water affected crop growth and yield
Increasing temperature Variability in precipitation Sea level rise
Summary of impact of climate change in Southeast Asia
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Climate Change Options: Reduce consumption of
energy. Use efficient electrical
goods. Shift to clean alternative
energy.
Impact of climate change
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For sustainable development: Broad public participation Access to information Availability of judicial and
administrative proceedings Educational institutions to
consider adopting good practices in sustainability management
Consumer education and the environment
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Among the environmental issues discussed, which do you think is the most pressing issue in your country that you must address? Explain your answer.
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Session Assessment
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Are there sufficient consumer environmental laws in your country that protect the consumers from environmental concerns? Identify a major concern and discuss it.
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Session Assessment
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EnvironmentSession 3 – Pre-Market
Interventions / Protection
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Session topics / Outline Regulations of public utilities and securing the supply of utilities Self-regulation and third-party certification Regulations on product safety, chemical use, and imposition of bans Pollution regulation and permissible emissions Waste management at home, in the community, and by business Product labeling and eco-product Development planning Consumer education and skills development
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Target of access to water supply of the Millennium Development Goals in the region: Likely to be achieved only
for urban areas, and Not in rural areas by most
countries.
Regulations of public utilities and securing the supply of utilities
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The government regulates public utilities through:
Price controls
Service adequacy
Regulations of public utilities and securing the supply of utilities
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Renew public ownership of public utility because objectives of private and foreign companies reflect corporate interests which may not be strategic for the common
good, social needs, and environmental concerns.
Regulations of public utilities and securing the supply of utilities
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Singapore: model city for water management Singapore’s pillars of
success for securing water supply:
o Planningo Water Conservationo Community Engagement
Programs
Regulations of public utilities and securing the supply of utilities
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Planning and investments by Singapore led to a diversification of water resources of the country: The Four National Taps
Regulations of public utilities and securing the supply of utilities
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Water Conservation Prioritized through programs that aim to promote water saving habits and Water Efficient Building Certification
2003 2015 2030
Singapore’s per capita domestic water consumption per day
Regulations of public utilities and securing the supply of utilities
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Water Network PanelHigh-level panel composed of representatives from stakeholders in the water industry who provide feedback about the programs and projects of PUB
10% challenge and 10-Liter Challenge to encourage reducing daily water consumption
Annual activity to recognize individuals and organizations for contribution to water cause
Water Conservation Programs Watermark Award
Community Engagement Programs – Encourage the 3P (People, Public, Private) involvement in water management and for them to value water resource through programs such as:
Regulations of public utilities and securing the supply of utilities
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Price or cost of utility: Water prices should reflect
the real costs of the: o Producto Treatmento Distributiono Wastewater treatmento Other involved
processes
Regulations of public utilities and securing the supply of utilities
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Price or cost of utility: Energy (petrol and
electricity) price should reflect:
o Product’s true value since it is the sector contributing most to climate change
Regulations of public utilities and securing the supply of utilities
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Pre-market interventions in the private sector include self-regulation and certification: Product or service
certification (e.g. ISO 14001).
Labels (e.g. Forest Stewardship Council) and involvement in fair trade support sustainability claims of products.
Self-regulation and third-party certification
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Pre-market interventions in the private sector include self-regulation and certification: Product registration and
imposing product standards. Organic producers can form
associations whose seal will appear in organic local produce or products that are organically grown produce.
Self-regulation and third-party certification
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Greenwashing Certification and
environmental information led to greenwashing
o Cadbury’s false claim of purchasing palm oil used in chocolates
o Scheme operated by Book & Claim, UK: the use of green palm oil cannot be distinguished at the point of sale
Self-regulation and third-party certification
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Registration of product prior to introduction to the
market.
Regulations on product safety, chemical use and imposition of bans
An established guideline prior to the introduction of a product to the market requires:
Regulation on the use and amount of chemicals allowed in a product.
Removal of incentives for polluting sectors.
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Caution for consumers on hazardous products
through adequate labelling.
Regulations on product safety, chemical use and imposition of bans
Publication by UN on a consolidated list of harmful
products.
Use of permits in export and import of chemicals and hazardous substances.
An established guideline prior to the introduction of a product to the market requires:
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To manage environment and natural resources, the state of the environment is defined and the quality aspects are also defined Air quality is defined by:
o particulate mattero ozoneo carbon monoxide
Pollution regulation and permissible emissions
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Water quality parameters include:
o Biological oxygen demands
o Nitrateso Phosphateso Turbidityo pH
Pollution regulation and permissible emissions
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Quality of air and water are regulated through:o A set of values and
standards prescribed by the WHO to quantify air and water quality.
Pollution regulation and permissible emissions
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Monitoring and reporting air quality in many AMS
are in place.
Quality of air and water are regulated through:
Vehicle emission standards are also in
practice.
Stricter enforcement of ban on open burning
and monitoring of forest fires are needed.
Standard
Pollution regulation and permissible emissions
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Better enforcement laws governing air and prevention of pollution are needed.
Quality of air and water are regulated through:
Incentive in using renewable energy sources with appropriate buy back (to the grid) electricity rates to encourage
consumers.
Pollution regulation and permissible emissions
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Most AMS have:o Air and water quality
monitoring and reporting. o Ambient air and water
quality standard.o Vehicle emission
standards.
Pollution regulation and permissible emissions
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AMS need better enforcement of laws governing o Quality of airo Prevention of pollution
Pollution regulation and permissible emissions
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AMS may use incentive mechanism to use:o Solar cells with
adequate pricing incentives
o Renewable energy to• lessen demand for
fossil fuel• reduce greenhouse
gas emissions
Pollution regulation and permissible emissions
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Waste management in AMS has been mostly delegated to local government which:o Contract private waste
collection and recycling companies
o Establish its own system
Waste Management at home, in the community and by business
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Common waste management law in the region prioritizes the 3Rs.
Waste Management at home, in the community and by business
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Measures among AMSo Mandatory fee on the
use of plastic bags.o Banning plastics. o No mandatory recycling.o Initiatives to reduce
waste.o Regulations and tools
should consider the social dimension of waste management.
Waste Management at home, in the community and by business
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Waste Management at home, in the community and by businessRecommendations for action on microplastics in the ocean
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Market mechanism for waste management in SingaporeoPrivatized waste
management systemoWaste management fees
that are highest in the region
oSemakau Landfill Phase 2:• Reclamation• Landfill for treated solid
waste
Waste Management at home, in the community and by business
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Product labels should provide applicable basic information such as:
Energy efficiency
Manufacturing and expiration
dateIngredients of
processed food
Company information
Recyclability
Product labeling and eco-products
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Product labeling and eco-products• Life cycle assessments (LCA) is the
compilation and evaluation of the inputs, the outputs, and the potential environmental impact of a product system.
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Product labeling and eco-products Life Cycle Assessments (LCA)
assists in:o identifying opportunities to
improve environmental performance of products.
o informing decision-makers in industry.
o selecting relevant indicators of environmental performance.
o marketing (e.g. implementing an ecolabeling scheme).
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Goal and Scope Definition
Inventory Analysis
Inte
rpre
tatio
n
Impact Assessment
Four Phases of LCA: Goal and Scope Definition – product(s) / service(s)
to be assessed are defined, a functional basis for comparison is chosen, and the required level of detail is defined.
Inventory Analysis – energy and raw materials used, and emissions are quantified, then combined in the process flow chart and related to the functional basis.
Impact Assessment – effects of the resource use and emissions generated are grouped and quantified into a limited number of impact.
Interpretation - results are reported in informative way and the need and opportunities to reduce the impact of the product(s) / service(s) on the environment is systematically evaluated.
Product labeling and eco-products
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Asia Pacific Roundtable on Sustainable Consumption and Production (APRSCP) on eco-labeling revealed that many countries have established eco-labeling programs.
Product labeling and eco-products
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Challenges in eco-labeling: Inadequate promotional efforts Absence incentives for
producing eco-labeled products Multiplicity of sustainability
labels Lack of technical skills to
develop national eco-labeling schemes
Underdeveloped overall legislative facilities
High dependence on imports of non-food items
Product labeling and eco-products
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Product labeling can be a means of marketing products that are ethically produced using: Recycled materials Less water Less energy Less chemicals
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Product labeling and eco-products
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Eco-products: Are environmentally friendly Are made of improved raw
materials Save more resources Reduce pollution
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Product labeling and eco-products
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Cleaner production is the continuous application of an integrated environmental strategy to processes, products, and services to increase efficiency and reduce risks to humans and the environment.
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Product labeling and eco-products
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Product labeling and eco-productsBasic techniques and reengineering tools are applied by cleaner production.
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AMS are developing tools to help prepare for the expected disasters and climate risks through:
o Partnership with insurance firms to weather the loss from natural disasters.
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Development planning
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Sustainable consumption and production tools in environmental laws and plans, utilize:
o sustainable consumption and production tools
o green economy o green investment in
development planning
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Development planning
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Climate change impacts prompted the requirements for:
o Buildings to be of certain height above sea level in event of rising sea levels.
o In Singapore, development of another desalination plant in Jurong to make use of seawater as water.
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Development planning
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Common measures in AMS include:
o Environmental concerns in educational curriculum.
o Campaigns by non-government organizations.
o Celebration of environmental events.
o Other national initiatives by government agencies.
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Consumer education and skills development
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Consumer education and skills are needed to:
o Make consumers aware of environmental concerns.
o Help consumers in making informed choices and valuing sustainable lifestyles.
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Consumer education and skills development
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Consumer education and skills development
What to buy: related challenges
Limited access to sustainably produced products and services
Lack of transparency and credibility of product performance
How to use: related challenges
Consumers still in the dark about low-impact product use
Limited after sales support
How to discard: related challenges
Lack of disposal facilities in Asia
Limited take-back schemes and facilities
CONSUMER CHALLENGES IN ASIA: DECISION-MAKING ISSUES
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Would you agree that public utilities be run and operated by the public sector? Explain your position.
How do you encourage waste management at home, in the community, and by the business sector?
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Session Assessment
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EnvironmentSession 4 – Post-Market Interventions / Protection
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Session topics / Outline Post-market intervention/protection in environmental concerns Investigation of environmental violations Sanctions (violations and prohibitions, fines, and penalties)
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Post-market intervention / protection for the environment
Environmental laws that address pollution sources: Prescribe:
o Permissible air and noise emission levels
o Allowable level or concentration of water pollutants and water temperature prior to discharge
o Air and water pollution treatment technologies
o Waste management measures
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Post-market intervention / protection for the environment
Environmental laws that address pollution sources: Reactive measures of
government agencies to:o Control and regulate
polluting activitieso Monitor and enforce the
allowable criteria for pollution
o Review and revise criteria for implementation
o Impose clean up measures
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Post-market intervention / protection for the environment
Environmental laws that address pollution sources: Investigation
o specific point sources of pollution
o regular monitoring of air and water quality • monitor industrial emitters • monitor quality of common
pool resources • regulate area sources of
pollution
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Post-market intervention / protection for the environment
Mechanisms to safeguard environmental quality: Investigations Sanctions Public warnings
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Investigations Scheduled and unscheduled
inspection Prompted when there is a
failure to comply with environmental laws
Investigation of environmental violations
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InvestigationsExample: Revised Environmental Protection Law of Lao PDR37 in 2012 • Provides for investigation of
environmental pollution and creation of an agency responsible for such.
• Usually investigation rests on the Ministry of Environment and related agencies.
Investigation of environmental violations
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Violations, fines and penalties are indicated in the environmental and related pollution laws of AMS.
Sanctions
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Example 1: Article 20 of the Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management (1996) of Cambodia requires: Correction of the violating
activities immediately or within a specified period.
Cessation of activities until violation has been corrected.
Clean-up of the pollution immediately.
Sanctions
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Example: Revised Law on Water Resource (2012) of Vietnam Allows for complainants to initiate
lawsuits to administrative authorities in People’s Courts.
If there’s disagreement with the resolution, complainants can file a lawsuit against the authority for disputes involving wastewater discharge, exploitation or use of water.
Encourages grassroots resolution through mediation by the People’s Committee.
Sanctions
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Example: Pollution Adjudication Board of the Philippines Philippines has years of
experience in dealing with environmental complaints.
PAB has routinely imposed standardized fines and penalties to entities proven to violate environmental laws.
Sanctions
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Share the most important lesson you have learned as a result of this session.
What other strategies to protect and preserve the environment would you recommend which are not mentioned in the lecture?
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Session Assessment
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EnvironmentSession 5 –
Redress Mechanisms
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Session topics / Outline Redress Models with their corresponding approaches /
techniques
Management and communication tools of the Consumer Protection Agency
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Redress mechanisms are the different approaches to the citizens’ rights to petition the government to address a particular grievance for services of professional that result in injury and loss.
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Redress models and their corresponding approaches/techniques
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Model 1: Internal complaint-handling system Implemented by businesses
and government agencies. Embodies the principles and
features of complaint handling. Voluntary or required by law Appropriate for organizations
of all sizes. Guidance in implementation
can be found in international Standard ISO 10002.
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Redress models and their corresponding approaches/techniques
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Internal complaint handling systems and external consumer redress schemes
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Complaint and redress pyramid
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Redress models and their corresponding approaches/techniques
Model 1: Internal complaint-handling systemStep 1: Survey if system is
neededStep 2: Develop policy for
discussionStep 3: Design systemStep 4: Implement systemStep 5: Review system every
2 years and improve continuously
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Model 2: Self-regulatory external redress schemes Set up with little formality. Usually used in the early
stages of consumer policy and law implementation.
Tend to have relatively low standards of performance.
Are usually not enforceable, unless with contract.
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Redress models and their corresponding approaches/techniques
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Model 2: Self-regulatory external redress schemes No stakeholder engagement
particularly with consumers and governments.
Generally held in low regard by consumers and some governments.
Interim step in developing a consumer redress scheme.
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Redress models and their corresponding approaches/techniques
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Model 2: Self-regulatory external redress schemes Set up with little formality. Usually used in the early
stages of consumer policy and law implementation.
Tend to have relatively low standards of performance.
Are usually not enforceable, unless with contract.
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Redress models and their corresponding approaches/techniques
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Model 2: Self-regulatory external redress schemes No stakeholder engagement
particularly with consumers and governments.
Generally held in low regard by consumers and some governments.
Interim step in developing a consumer redress scheme.
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Redress models and their corresponding approaches/techniques
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Model 3: Statutory complaint bodies Broad jurisdiction, usually
cover most economic activities.
Some are established to deal with a specific industry or practice.
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Redress models and their corresponding approaches/techniques
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Model 3: Statutory complaint bodies Generally, part of a larger
government agency responsible for policy and law enforcement.
May be linked to industry regulators and small claims courts.
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Redress models and their corresponding approaches/techniques
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Model 4: Public-sector redress body (also known as Ombudsman) Involves contractors working
in behalf of government but with no enforcement power.
May include anti-corruption and human rights functions.
Can deal with systemic issues of poor administration.
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Redress models and their corresponding approaches/techniques
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Model 5: Small claims courts or tribunals Designed for swift and
inexpensive redress for consumers.
Most do not permit legal representation.
Require mediation prior to adjudication.
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Redress models and their corresponding approaches/techniques
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Model 5: Small claims courts or tribunals Employ Alternative Dispute
Resolution (ADR) techniques.
Judgments are enforceable in the courts.
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Model 6: Private organization to improve consumer complaint system Made up of representatives
from businesses and government agencies.
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Model 6: Private organization to improve consumer complaint system
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Provides best practice training on consumer support functions (e.g. complaints handling).
Requires senior management support.
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Model 6: Private organization to improve consumer complaint system Highly effective in countries
with strong domestic and international networks.
Consistent with building a responsible and responsive business sector.
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Model 7: Cross-border redress ASEAN regional facility for
cross-border complaints. Employs strategic approach
toward consumer protection.
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Model 7: Cross-border Redress Contains policy measures
and detailed priority actions, including development of:
o Notification and information exchange mechanism by 2010
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Model 7: Cross-border Redress Contains policy measures
and detailed priority actions, including development of:
o Cross-border consumer redress mechanism by 2015
o Strategic roadmap for capacity-building by 2010
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Cross-border access to justiceTo date, no single model suits all AMS. Guidelines therefore, should be taken to assess the current consumer protection framework of each ASEAN member state.
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Considerations to determine the stage of development for implementation: Little or no measure for
consumer redress. Basic professional
admission/striking off provisions for gross negligence or dishonesty.
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Agreement within the jurisdiction on the need to respond to consumer complaints against health care providers.
Growing consumer pressure with the establishment of complaint and redress schemes.
Professional associations’ involvement in complaint and redress schemes.
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Government intervention or threats to establish consumer redress schemes.
Creation of industry ombudsman or other industry-based schemes.
Best-practice complaint systems and redress schemes.
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The seven models incorporate the approaches of: Alternative Dispute
Resolution (ADR) Ombudsman Arbitration Mediation Group actions / Class suits Cross-border access to
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Consumer Awareness and EducationKey role and responsibility of CPA and other sector regulators: Help consumer become
aware of their rights, including with respect to product safety.
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Management and Communication Tools of CPA
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Consumer Awareness and Education Consumers should be
informed of:o Their rights to safetyo Available remedies if
they encounter unsafe products
o How to access remedieso Where to go for further
advice129
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Consumer Awareness and Education Information dissemination
targeting specific groups:o The general publico Women and
homemakerso Studentso Rural communities
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Tools for information dissemination: Website and social media Media campaigns and public
events Printed leaflets/booklets,
etc. Partnership programs with
Civil Society Organizations Toll-free consumer hotline Annual reports
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IT-Based Consumer Complaints Registration System
An efficient and effective means of complaint handling should at the very least have:
Basic information on common consumer complaint areas
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Categorized consumer complaints according to areas with reference number
Standard letters with blanks to fill in information for different types of complaints
Inter-agency contact information to enable easy referral
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Inter-Agency Collaboration Coordination among central
and local CPA authorities is a major challenge in countries with new consumer protection law regimes.
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Inter-Agency Collaboration
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Major challenges exists in countries that have limited financial resources.
Major challenges exists in countries with permitted high levels of decentralization.
Management and Communication Tools of CPA
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Inter-Agency Collaboration Collaboration with related
agencies, courts, and other concerned organizations.
Collaboration with regional and international bodies.
Management and Communication Tools of CPA
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Converting Consumer Complaints to Consumer Policy
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Retrieve data from registration system
Analyse data and write report
Propose policy action from data analysis
Management and Communication Tools of CPA
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Share the three most important learnings you have gained as a result of this Session.
How can you apply these learnings in your work related to consumer protection?
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Session Assessment