7/21/2019 Envi Provisions Day 1

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ARTICLE I

NATIONAL TERRITORY 

 The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all

other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, uvial and aerial

domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The

waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions,

form part of the internal waters of the Philippines.

ARTICLE II

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES PRINCIPLES

Section 16. The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord

with the rhythm and harmony of nature.

ARTICLE XII

NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY 

Section 2. All lands of the public domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, all forces of

potential energy, sheries, forests or timber, wildlife, ora and fauna, and other natural resources are owned by the

State. ith the e!ception of agricultural lands, all other natural resources shall not be alienated. The e!ploration,

development, and utili"ation of natural resources shall be under the full control and supervision of the State. The Statemay directly underta#e such activities, or it may enter into co$production, joint venture, or production$sharing

agreements with %ilipino citi"ens, or corporations or associations at least &' per centum of whose capital is owned by

such citi"ens. Such agreements may be for a period not e!ceeding twenty$ve years, renewable for not more than

twenty$ve years, and under such terms and conditions as may provided by law. (n cases of water rights for irrigation,

water supply, sheries, or industrial uses other than the development of waterpower, benecial use may be the

measure and limit of the grant.

 The State shall protect the nations marine wealth in its archipelagic waters, territorial sea, and e!clusive economic

"one, and reserve its use and enjoyment e!clusively to %ilipino citi"ens.

 The )ongress may, by law, allow small$scale utili"ation of natural resources by %ilipino citi"ens, as well as cooperative

sh farming, with priority to subsistence shermen and sh wor#ers in rivers, la#es, bays, and lagoons.

 The President may enter into agreements with foreign$owned corporations involving either technical or nancial

assistance for large$scale e!ploration, development, and utili"ation of minerals, petroleum, and other mineral oils

according to the general terms and conditions provided by law, based on real contributions to the economic growth

and general welfare of the country. (n such agreements, the State shall promote the development and use of local

scientic and technical resources.

 The President shall notify the )ongress of every contract entered into in accordance with this provision, within thirty

days from its e!ecution.

Section 3. *ands of the public domain are classied into agricultural, forest or timber, mineral lands and national

par#s. Agricultural lands of the public domain may be further classied by law according to the uses to which they may

be devoted. Alienable lands of the public domain shall be limited to agricultural lands. Private corporations or

associations may not hold such alienable lands of the public domain e!cept by lease, for a period not e!ceeding

twenty$ve years, renewable for not more than twenty$ve years, and not to e!ceed one thousand hectares in area.

)iti"ens of the Philippines may lease not more than ve hundred hectares, or ac+uire not more than twelve hectares

thereof, by purchase, homestead, or grant.

 Ta#ing into account the re+uirements of conservation, ecology, and development, and subject to the re+uirements of

agrarian reform, the )ongress shall determine, by law, the si"e of lands of the public domain which may be ac+uired,

developed, held, or leased and the conditions therefor.

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Section 5. The State, subject to the provisions of this )onstitution and national development policies and programs,

shall protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social,

and cultural well$being.

 The )ongress may provide for the applicability of customary laws governing property rights or relations in determining

the ownership and e!tent of ancestral domain.

Section 7. Save in cases of hereditary succession, no private lands shall be transferred or conveyed e!cept to

individuals, corporations, or associations +ualied to ac+uire or hold lands of the public domain.

Section 8. otwithstanding the provisions of Section - of this Article, a natural$born citi"en of the Philippines who has

lost his Philippine citi"enship may be a transferee of private lands, subject to limitations provided by law.