env mr 1-why environment

7/23/2019 Env MR 1-Why Environment

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HY

ENVIRONMENT?

Mohit Ray

ATI Course

28 December

2014


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Prepared by Dr Mohit Ray

Name of 2 boos for refere!ce to eco"o#y a!da"so for e!$iro!me!ta" scie!ce i! #e!era"%

1% Co!cepts of &co"o#y ' & ( )ormo!dy '

Pre!tice *a"" I!dia+ N De"hi

2% &!$iro!me!ta" ,cie!ce ' , C ,a!tra ' Ne-Ce!tra" .oo A#e!cy+ )o"ata


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Environment

To be Managed ?

To be Preserved ? To be Revered ?

To be Controlled ?



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Back to History Route to Environment

Environment of this Earth and itsconstituents have changedmany times

The environment is a modern concept.Hundred and fifty years back, we called itNature

Nature has been seen differentlyindifferent ages and different civilization



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Eastern ancient civilizations

I!dia! / Chi!ese ha$e re$ered !ature forpro$idi!# suste!a!ce

(ust as rai!drops #e!erate from the c"oudsa!d #oes bac i!to it i! course of time from

the su!rays+ so a"" the a!imates a!di!a!imate bei!#s ori#i!ate from the eartha!d e!ds up i!to the cosmic bei!#%



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How Greeks Saw It

Aristot"e

Plant eist for the sake ofanimals,brute beasts for the sake ofman,domestic animals for his use and food! "ince Nature makes nothing in vain

it is undeniably true that she hasmade all animals for the sake ofman.



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Judeo-Christian thouhts have dominance

over nature!

Bi"le #Genesis$

And God said, Let us make man in ourimage, after our likeness: and let themhave dominance over the sh of thesea, and over the fowl of the air, and

over the cattle and over all the earth,and over every creeping thing thatcreepeth upon the earth.



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Environmental %ollution

*uma! ci$i"isatio! is sy!o!ymous -ith po""utio! It started -ith the use of fire+

most ete!si$e impact -as de$e"opme!t of

a#ricu"ture thou#h urba! peop"e see a#ricu"tura"fie"d as !ature

.ut it -as most"y ma!a#eab"e thou#h !ota"-ays

I! &!#"a!d the comp"ai!t started from 110s%As ear"y as 103+ Coa" bur!i!# -as prohibitedi! o!do!% 5!e perso! -as ha!#ed for that



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&evelo'ment o( Science ) *echnoloy

Chaned the +orld,, In the nineteenth century, growth of scientific

knowledge, birth of new technical expertise and

successful implementation of large industrial projects

produced a completely different feeling of dominanceover nature.

In the days of laissez faire at its height, with no or

little legal restrictions, the environment around

suffered enormously. Thames was one of the most polluted rivers. Salmon

fish disappeared in !!". #fter much pollution control

it reappeared in $%&, after $' years



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Science also ave new insiht into nature,, 6ith the pub"icatio! of Origin of Species7189 by

Char"es Dar-i!+ the :uestio! of separate eiste!ce of ma!from other forms of "ife -as

comp"ete"y !e#ated%

I! 18;0 &r!st *aced first defi!ed the term ecoloy.by

-hich he mea!t < =the body of !o-"ed#e co!cer!i!#the eco!omy of !ature'the i!$esti#atio! of the tota"re"atio!s of a!ima" both to its i!or#a!ic a!d to its or#a!ice!$iro!me!t=> A re"atio! of both i!or#a!ic a!d or#a!ic

e!$iro!me!t -as i!corporated i! the stateme!t%Prepared by Dr Mohit Ray


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/ar0ist 1iew

?rederic &!#"es -rote@


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Chanin 2ature in Euro'e

&urope i! particu"ar ce!tra" &urope -as a hea$i"y-ooded re#io! i! a!cie!t times% At the be#i!!i!# a!d

for "o!# time because of the !eeds for a#ricu"tura"

"a!d forest"a!d -as c"eared+ "ater the !eeds cha!#ed

a!d peop"e "o##ed forests because of the -ood% 3orest cover declined 'ermanently and reached its

all time low in the Industrial 4e! Some sources

arue that (orest cover has achieved a level as low

as less than 567!

After the starti!# of use of coa"+ the deforestatio!

started to dec"i!e



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But Euro'e 'ros'ered too

.ut because of scie!tific

pro#ress+ a$ai"abi"ity of more

resources+ more food etc

made &uropea! more

hea"thier tha! e$er before% 4verae li(e e0'ectancy

which was stanant at

a"out 86 in 9:;6 in Euro'e

increased to


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Environmental 4e Beins

Pollution in England - Smog death 1952

Silent Sring Ra!hel Carson 19"2

Small is #eauti$ul E%&%Suma!her - 19"'

Club o$ Rome Reort (imit to )ro*th 19+,

19+1 Earth a. in /S0

#runtland Reort 19+



15/41

International E((ort Starts

$%( ) *nited +ations onference on

-uman nvironment / Stockholm

$$( ) arth summit ) 0io/1e 2aneiro

) #genda (

(''( / 3orld Summit on Sustainable

1evelopment ) 2ohannesburg

2012 6or"d ,ummit at Rio



16/41

Environmental /anaement &e"ate Starts

i# Nature %entric

ii# Eco&centric iii# "ocio&Economy %entric iv# Techno&Economic



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2ature Centric

Nature&%entric

philosophers believe thatevery tree, every river,every mountain has its own

entity.co!td%



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'amous nature&cultivator 'ukuoka(

men used to come in contact withdewdrops while working on grass,but the day he started scientificanalysis of dewdrop he degradedhimself to hell of rationalism.

)andhian Environmentalists aredifferent but close to that("undarlal *ahuguna and %handi

Prasad *hattPrepared by Dr Mohit Ray


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Eco-Centric 2ature >nows Best

E!ologi!al Control - ature has to be

understood not $or its siritual role

but $or its e!ologi!al role 0 tree hasto be rese!ted $or its e!ologi!al

role%

Contd%



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atural mode o$ rodu!tion to

be $ollo*ed%

S!ien!e should not $ollo*

redu!tionist ath - holisti!

aroa!h



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Socio Economic-Chane the %aradim

1evelopment 1ebate )

3hat is 1evelopment 44

5imit to 6rowth

Small is beautiful /

#nti 7ig 8roject

5ocalised 3orld

hange the Society



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*echno-Economic aenda

*roika o(

Science? *echnoloy ) Economics

Problem will generate technical

solution "cience + Technology can

meet the challenge

Environmental 'iscal "teps Pollution Echange %lean evelopment -echanism



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Environmental

/anaement

CulturalHeritae

Scienti(ic

>nowlede

EconomicsSocialRes'onsi"ilities

Su"@ective

Evaluation



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Environmental &e"ates

Narmada Mo$eme!t

BM ?ood

rba!isatio!

C"imate Cha!#e

?orest Ri#hts

Traditio!a" Practices



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B"oba" 6armi!#


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Climate

Change

Do we have

any

responsiility

?


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Glo"al Emission Share


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%er Ca'ita Share

Country CA5et'ersonyear

Banladesh 6!5;

India 9!9:

Brazil 9!:9

China 8!;indom

:!D

Ja'an =!D:

4ustralia 9:!


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Car"on 3oot'rint

4 car"on (oot'rint is the total set o( reenhouse ases #GHG$ emissions

caused "y a 'erson? an oranization? event or 'roductF


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2o Gas? only

kerosene 2o Electricity

2o 3lihts

2o Car

/inimu

m

3inancial

Services

2o %rivate

*rans'ort2o House "uildin

/inimumRecreation

Just li(e-sustainin (ood

consmu'tion5 new clothes 'er

year

&AES HE H41E 4 C4RBA2 3AA*


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A" Bore ?ootpri!t

?&.RAR 23+ 200;!ore"s mansion# $%&'room# eight'athroom( lo)ate* in the posh

+elle Mea*e area o, Nashville#

)ons-mes more ele)tri)ity every

month than the average

.meri)an ho-sehol* -ses in anentire year# a))or*ing to the

Nashville Ele)tri) /ervi)e 0NE/12

The average ho-sehol* in

.meri)a )ons-mes 3ilowatt'ho-rs 06Wh1 per year#

a))or*ing to the Department o,

Energy2 In %&&4# !ore *evo-re*

nearly %%3#&&& 6Wh''more than

%& times the national average2


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*he nited 2ations 3ramework Convention on Climate

Chane -as first formed i! 12 at Rio &arth ,ummit

The Co!$e!tio! e!tered i!to force o! 21 March 14 as 0

cou!tries si#!ed the Co!$e!tio!

sta"ilization o( reenhouse as concentrations in the

atmos'here at a level that would 'revent danerous

anthro'oenic human induced inter(erence with the climate

system! Such a level should "e achieved within a time-(rame

su((icient to allow ecosystems to ada't naturally to climate

chane? to ensure that (ood 'roduction is not threatened and to

ena"le economic develo'ment to 'roceed in a sustaina"le

manner.


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>yoto %rotocol

*he >yoto %rotocol -as adopted i! )yoto+ (apa!+ o! 11

December 1; a!d e!tered i!to force o! 13 ?ebruary 200% The

maEor disti!ctio! bet-ee! the Protoco" a!d the Co!$e!tio! is that

-hi"e the Co!$e!tio! encouraed

i!dustria"ised cou!tries to stabi"iFe B*B emissio!s+ the

Protoco" commitsthem to do so%

The maEor feature of the )yoto Protoco" is that it sets bi!di!#

tar#ets for ; i!dustria"iFed cou!tries a!d the &uropea!

commu!ity for reduci!# #ree!house #as 7B*B9 emissio!s %Theseamou!t to a! a$era#e of fi$e per ce!t a#ai!st 10 "e$e"s o$er the

fi$e'year period 2008'2012%


35/41

Cope!ha#e! 6ar

%eo'le who wanted to reduce reuired 9866 iantlimousine cars? not availa"le in &enmark!

986 'rivate 'lanes arrived!

9;666 2GA activists assem"led (or (un and 'rotest!

+hat was the Car"on 3oot'rint o( such a meetin


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ima Meeti!#


Con(erences o( the %arties #CA%$ 4n

international meetin every year

Common But &i((erentiatedRes'onsi"ility CB&RS-China &eclaration

Intended 2ationally &eterminedContri"utions - I2&C


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;

India 2eeds /ore Enery (or its

&evelo'ment

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39/41

Climate o( 3earSar"anu >hatun

o( Banladesh is ac"imate -it!ess+

5G?AM produces

her i! Cope!ha#e!

as a! Ai"a $ictim

from ,u!darba!%

B* IS 4I4

I2>E& +I*H

GAB4

+4R/I2G


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Rea"ity is differe!t

The houses i! ,u!darba!+ i! 6est

.e!#a" a!d .a!#"adesh+ are

destroyed i! storms "ecause they

are 'oorly "uilt "am"oo or

mud houses!

4 stron "rick "uilt house doesnot et destroyed in a cyclone%

Hon >on (aces more tro'ical

storm "ut the city remains acentre o( commercial activity


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P d b D M hi R

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