entry task: if you still have the italian unification ...€¦ · how could it benefit the german...
TRANSCRIPT
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World History, Feb 23Entry Task: If you still have the Italian Unification worksheet, take it out.Announcements:- Thank you for being flexible (kids +
sickness = no fun) - review about Italian Unification
- Tomorrow: Registration (you can go straight to your location.
- Unit Test - next Tuesday (Study Guide)
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Review: Italian Nationalism
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Review
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Review
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Review 1. Italy was broken into 9 states. 2. Apennine Mountains make movement in the country difficult. (run N & S splitting the country in ½). 3. Po River makes movement in the country difficult. (run E & W splitting the country in ½). 4. Pope didn’t want unification because he wanted to keep control of the central states. 5. Other European countries didn’t want to see unification - it would upset the balance of power
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Review Risorgimento, (Italian: “Rising Again”)
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Review Realpolitik
Do whatever is necessary (not always moral or right)
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Review
I offer neither pay, nor quarters, nor food; I offer only hunger, thirst, forced marches, battles and death. Let him who loves his country with his heart, and not merely with his lips, follow me.
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Today: German Unification
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What powerful empires surrounded the German states?
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How could it benefit the German states to unify into one nation called Germany?
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The single most important political development in Europe between 1848 and 1914
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It fundamentally altered the Balance of Power in Europe.
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A HISTORYOF
DIVISION
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The Holy Roman Empire
962-1806
Several StatesFrequent Wars
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ABOLISHED1806
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“The first, original, and truly natural boundaries of states are beyond doubt their internal boundaries. Those who speak the same language are joined to each other by a multitude of invisible bonds by nature herself, long before any human art begins; they understand each other... they belong together and are by nature one and an inseparable whole.”
-- Johann Gottlieb Fichte
GERMAN NATIONALISM
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The German Confederation
Association of
39 German States
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PRUSSIA
AustriaWHO WILL
DOMINATE?
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Austrian Dominance
The Congress of Vienna established
Austria as the dominant
German state.
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PRUSSIAN ASCENDANCE
Modern Industrialized MilitaryState
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PRUSSIA
AustriaHow to unify?
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TWO MODELS FOR UNIFICATION
BIG GERMANY(GROSSDEUTSCHLAND)
INCLUDES Austria
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TWO MODELS FOR UNIFICATION
BIG GERMANY(GROSSDEUTSCHLAND)
Small Germany(Kleindeutschland)
INCLUDES Austria
EXCLUDES Austria
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ZollvereinGerman Free Trade Agreement
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Economic UnionPolitical Union
The Zollverein was the first agreement of its kind in Europe.
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Revolutions of 1848
Nationalists & Liberals
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Frankfurt Parliament
(1848)
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The Frankfurt Parliament drafted a
Constitutionfor a unified Germany.
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Constitutional Monarch
Staatenhaus Volkshaus
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Frederick William IV of Prussia
Should I?
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NO THANKS
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FAIL
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Kaiser William I
Appointed Otto von Bismarck as Prime Minister
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Otto von BismarckMinisterpräsident
of Prussia
1862-1873
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GOAL:A strong, unified
German State under
Prussian dominance
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POLITICS BASED ON
power rather than ideals.
Realpolitik:
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I can Dig It.
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Idealistic =
Unrealistic
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DOMESTIC policy
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Socialism is a Threat
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realpolitik“State Socialism”
BANSocial Democratic Party
& Socialist Political Propaganda
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realpolitik“State Socialism”
BANSocial Democratic Party
& Socialist Political Propaganda
Sponsor Europe’s
First
Social Welfare Programs
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Old Age PensionsACCIDENT
INSURANCEHealth InsuranceEurope’s
First
Social Welfare Programs
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What about LIBERALS?
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Notorious OVB:
I got this
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Kulturkampf
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Bismarck’s anti-Catholic policies appealed to anticlerical
liberals who were otherwise turned off by his authoritarian
conservatism.
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Industrialization
Liberals were also placated by Bismarck’s support of industrialization.
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FOREIGN policy
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BLOOD & IRON
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BLOOD & IRON
“but by iron and blood.”
-- Otto von Bismarck (1862)
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WARS OF GERMAN UNIFICATION
Schleswig Wars Established German dominance over German-speaking territories
Austro-Prussian War
Established Prussia as dominant German state
Franco-Prussian War
United Northern and Southern Germany (25 states under 1 union)
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Schleswig Wars
Prussia & Austria
vs. Denmark
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Fought on the
pretense of liberating pockets of ethnic Germans under
Danish control
Schleswig Wars
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SchleswigAdministered by
Prussia
HOLSTEINAdministered by
Austria
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North German Confederation
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Prussia annexed several smaller German states.
South German states resisted Prussian
dominance.
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AND THEN THERE WERE TWO
Map by kgberger
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PRUSSIA
Austria
Map by kgberger
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Austria
WHO WILL DOMINATE?
PRUSSIA
Map by kgberger
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Austro-Prussian War 1866
Georg Bleibtreu, Battle of Königgrätz (1869)
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7 weeks
Georg Bleibtreu, Battle of Königgrätz (1869)
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#winning
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Kleindeutschland(Germany would NOT
include Austria)
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Map by kgberger
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Predominantly Catholic Southern German states had sided with Austria.
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HOW Will Germany be
Unified?
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BLOOD & IRON
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Franco-Prussian War1870-1871
Anton von Werner - Moltke and his staff near Paris
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A war to unite Germany
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BLOOD & IRON"I always considered that a war with France would naturally follow a war against Austria... I was convinced that the gulf which was created over time between the north and the south of Germany could not be better overcome than by a national war... I did not doubt that it was necessary to make a French-German war before the general reorganization of Germany could be realized.”
-- Otto von Bismarck (Memoirs)
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SUPERIOR Technology and ORGANIZATION
Bismarck and the Prussian General Staff
The Prussian army, with its efficient General Staff, employed railroads and artillery more effectively than the French.
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Prussian Artillerymen
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Siege of Paris
Sep. 1870 – Jan. 1871
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PRUSSIA WINS
Bismarck with POW Napoleon
III
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CHANCELLOROF Germany
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Proclamation of the German Empire
Hall of Mirrors (Versailles)
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Germany: Will it all fit under one hat?
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Annexation of Alsace-Lorraine
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Alsace-Lorraine included many French speakers, and many German speakers there resented annexation into the Empire.
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reparations5,000,000,000 ₣
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Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, Hope (1872)
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Albert Bettannier, The Black Spot (1887)
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Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, Hope (1872)
We’ll stick it to the Germans next time.
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WOE TO THE
VICTORSCharles Zacharie
Landelle, 1871
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Timeline
1815 German Confederation Created
1848 Frankfurt Parliament
1864 Second Schleswig War
1866 Austro-Prussian War
1870 Franco-Prussian War
1871 German Empire Proclaimed
of German Unification
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Auf Wiedersehen!
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(Goodbye)
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In 1888, William II took the place of his grandfather as
Kaiser. The new ruler wanted total power and, in 1890, he shocked Europe by asking
Bismarck to step down.
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Review
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