enterprise it architectures ea (enterprise architecture)...enterprise architecture is the formal...

© 2010 IBM Corporation

Enterprise IT Architectures

EA (Enterprise Architecture)

Dr. Hans-Peter HoidnExecutive IT Architect, IBM Software GroupGlobal Business Integration "Tiger" Team

© 2010 IBM Corporation2

University Zurich – Enterprise IT Architectures

I. Positioning Enterprise Architecture (EA)

II. Enterprise Architecture – Main Aspects

III. Enterprise Architecture Methods

IV. Dynamic Infrastructure – Cloud Computing

Agenda



IT View

Business View

Process View

Recap: Aligning Strategy with Business and IT Execution

EnterpriseBusiness Architecture



Positioning Enterprise Architecture (EA)



Why “Enterprise Architecture”

EA is helping enterprises do the right things right

EA is a holistic approach to the control and co-ordination of IT based business projects

Two viewpoints: – Solution Architects are focused on creating an IT based solution to a

business problem– Enterprise Architects with a sense of what the enterprise needs to be and

do, and how IT should be used in a wider sense



'If you don't know where you're going, any road will get you there.'Lewis Carroll

This house may function, but…

Does it meet business objectives?Is it an ‘Asset Junkyard’?Is it cost effective?Does it fit with the community

(standards)?Is it documented - who knows what it

consists of?Can it be repaired easily or

economically?Can it be adapted to changing needs?

Yesterday’s management approaches are not working in today’s complex and fast-paced environment.

Winchester House Syndrome



System Architecture• functional aspects• operational aspects“the infrastructure and singlebuilding design”

BusinessStrategy

InformationTechnology

Strategy

BusinessOpportunity

TechnologyAvailability

Business Operating Environmentand IT Infrastructure

IT Solutions

Design andDelivery

Strategy

The Gap

If you do not know where you are going,

any road will do.

If you do not know where you are, a map will not help.

?

It can be a challenge to ensure IT based business solutions implement the business strategy…



Enterprise Architecture provides the vital linkages between “strategy” and “implementation”

System Architecture• functional aspects• operational aspects“the infrastructure and singlebuilding design”

BusinessStrategy


Strategy

BusinessOpportunity


Design andDelivery

EA identifies where the organization wants to be

and how to get there

EA tells the organization where they are on the map Enterprise Architecture

!!


IT Solutions

Planning

Design andDelivery

Ente

rpris

e w

ide

focu

sPr

ojec

t foc

us

Strategy



Enterprise Architecture“the city plan”

System Architecture• “the building design”

BusinessStrategy


Strategy

BusinessOpportunity


ITArchitecture

- Applications- Data- Technology

Planning

Design andDelivery

Ente

rpris

e w

ide

focu

sPr

ojec

t foc

us

Strategy


IT Solutions

Enterprise Architecture

Transition Plan

BusinessArchitecture

- Processes- Information- People- Locations

Enterprise Architecture embraces both Business and IT Architectures, providing the “city plan” for “building projects”



EAMethods

andTools

Processand

Content Modeling

BusinessStrategy

andPlanning

Enterprise Strategy

Fire and hope!



TransitionPlanning

G ro u p IT A r c h i t e c t u r e D e f in i t io n

I n f r a s t r u c t u re D e s ig n & P la n n i n g

E s t a b lis h IT C o m p e t e n c y C e n t re

E n d U s e r I n f r a s t r u c t u r e U p g r a d e

In t e r - c o m p a n y W A N ( i m p le .)

O u t s o u r c e N e w C o re s y s t e m s

O u t s o u r c e H e lp d e s k a n d D e s k t o p

O u t s o u rc e n e t w o rk

O u t s o u r c in g I n i t i a t iv e s

C o m p e t e n c y C e n t re In i ti a t iv e s

E l e c t r o n ic S e r v i c e D e li v e r y

D a t a W a r e h o u s e

C u s t o m e r S e r v i c e C e n t r e

WA N in fr a s tru c tu r e

In tr a n et /M a il in f ra s tr u ct u re

C u s to m e r S e rv ic e

D a ta

Wa re h o u s e

G ra p h ic a l I S

B . U .

B . U .

D o cu m en t M an a g e me n t

S y s te m s Ma n a g e me n t

Mid d le w a r e

N E T W O R K

P la n n in g /D e s ig n In i t i a t iv e s

In f r a s t ru c t u r e In i ti a tiv e s

O t h e rB u s i n e s s U n it S y s te m sK i o s k sT e l e m e t r y s y s t e m se tc

In i t ia t iv e s f o c u s e d o n m i g r a t i n g t o t h e n e w d e liv e ry e n v ir o n m e n t

P la n n in g /D e s ig nI n f ra s t ru c t u reO u t s o u rc in g

In i t ia t iv e s f o c u s e d o n im p le m e n t in g t h e v i s i o n

P la n n in g /d e s ig nI T C o m p e t e n c y c e n tre

K e y G r o u p D e c is i o n P o in t s

ArchitectureGovernance

Bus Arch’ture IT Architecture

AEICorporate

YankeeGroup

SaturnGroup

YarnDivision

KnitsDivision

SenecaPlant

RaleighPlant

CashManagement

Shipping

Accounting

ComponentDesign

Yarn Buying

Order Entry

ComponentScheduling

YarnDyeing

Inventory

AssortmentPlanning

ComponentKnitting

Tagging & Packing

Business Structure

Business Locations

Prog

ram

foc

usEn

terp

rise

wid

e fo

cus

Strategy

Planning

Designand

Delivery

Change Programs

Soln Outline Macro Design Micro Design Devt, etc.

Programme ArchitectureG r o u p I T A r c h i te c tu r e D e fi n it io n

I n fr a s t r u c tu r e D e s i g n & P l a n n i n g

E s ta b li s h IT C o m p e t e n c y C e n t re

E n d U s e r In f ra s t ru c t u r e U p g r a d e

In t e r - c o m p a n y W A N (i m p le .)

O u ts o u r c e N e w C o r e s y s t e m s

O u ts o u r c e H e lp d e s k a n d D e s k t o p

O u ts o u r c e n e tw o r k

O u t s o u r c i n g I n i t ia t iv e s

C o m p e t e n c y C e n t r e In i t ia t i v e s

E l e c t r o n ic S e r v ic e D e li v e r y


C u s to m e r S e r v ic e C e n t r e

W AN infr astr uctu reI ntra net/ Mai l inf rast ruct ure

C ust om er S ervic eDat a Wa reho use

Gra phic al I S

B. U. B.U .

Do cu men t M ana gem en t

Sys tem s M an age me nt

Mid dle war e

N E T W O R K

P l a n n i n g / D e s i g n In i t ia t i v e s

I n f r a s t r u c t u r e I n i t ia t iv e s

O t h e rB u s i n e s s U n i t S y s t e m sK i o s k sT e l e m e t r y s y s t e m se t c

I n i t i a t i v e s f o c u s e d o n m i g r a t i n g t o t h e n e w d e l i v e r y e n v i ro n m e n t

P l a n n i n g / D e s i g nI n f r a s t r u c t u r eO u t s o u r c in g

I n i t i a t i v e s f o c u s e d o n i m p l e m e n t i n g t h e v i s i o n

P l a n n i n g / d e s i g nI T C o m p e t e n c y c e n t r e

K e y G r o u p D e c is io n P o in t s


Programme ArchitectureG r o u p I T A r c h i t e c t u r e D e f i n i t i o n

I n f r a s t r u c t u r e D e s i g n & P l a n n i n g

E s t a b l i s h I T C o m p e t e n c y C e n t re

E n d U s e r I n f ra s t ru c t u r e U p g r a d e

I n t e r - c o m p a n y W A N ( i m p l e . )

O u t s o u r c e N e w C o r e s y s t e m s

O u t s o u r c e H e l p d e s k a n d D e s k t o p

O u t s o u r c e n e t w o r k

O u t s o u r c i n g I n i t ia t iv e s

C o m p e t e n c y C e n t r e In i t ia t i v e s

E l e c t r o n i c S e r v i c e D e l i v e r y


C u s t o m e r S e r v i c e C e n t r e

W AN infr astr uctu reI ntra net/ Mai l inf rast ruct ure

C ust om er S ervic eDat a Wa reho use

Gra phic al I S

B. U. B.U .

Do cu men t M ana gem en t

Sys tem s M an age me nt

Mid dle war e

N E T W O R K

P l a n n i n g / D e s i g n In i t ia t i v e s

I n f r a s t r u c t u r e I n i t ia t iv e s

O t h e rB u s i n e s s U n i t S y s t e m sK i o s k sT e l e m e t r y s y s t e m se t c

I n i t i a t i v e s f o c u s e d o n m i g r a t i n g t o t h e n e w d e l i v e r y e n v i ro n m e n t

P l a n n i n g / D e s i g nI n f r a s t r u c t u r eO u t s o u r c in g

I n i t i a t i v e s f o c u s e d o n i m p l e m e n t i n g t h e v i s i o n

P l a n n i n g / d e s i g nI T C o m p e t e n c y c e n t r e

K e y G r o u p D e c is io n P o in t s


BusinessOpportunity

Bus Strategy IT Strategy

Processes Content

SOA

Solution Design

andDelivery

Bridging the Gap Between Strategy and Delivery



“The EA discipline defines and maintains the architecture models, governance and transition initiatives needed to effectively co-ordinate semi-autonomous groups towards common business and/or IT goals.“

“The EA discipline defines and maintains the architecture models, governance and transition initiatives needed to effectively co-ordinate semi-autonomous groupstowards common business and/or IT goals.”

EA ensures the architecture is

maintained and used

EA is not just passive or

reactive, it is proactive

EA can address the

business and IT domains

“neutral phrasing”: EA works at many

levels

EA provides reference material in

many forms

Definition “Enterprise Architecture”




Solution architecture aims to address specific problems and requirements, usually through the design of specific information systems or applications.

Enterprise Architecture is the formal organization (design or layout) of the components, structures and processes required or relevant to the attainment of the goals and visions invested or envisioned in an enterprise.

Enterprise Architecture vs. Solution Architecture



So we recognise two different types of IT Architect…

…Are responsible for ensuring the design of IT based business solutions meet the functional and non-functional requirements, within the constraints of budget, time, skills and other givens (such as IT Standards)

“Solution Architects”

…Are responsible for ensuring an IT Organisation approaches the identification, specification and implementation of these IT based business solutions in a co-ordinated and standardised manner, aligned to the Enterprise’s Business and IT Strategies.

“Enterprise Architects”

…Are generally not product specialists, although they must be able to work at a sufficient level of technological detail to be sure their architectures can be implemented.



14

Information Systems

Technology

Strategy

Business


High-level business process blueprintthat supports the strategy

Infrastructure that supports the Information Systems

Define the enterprise strategy, goals and objectives.

Implementation of the business functions in the IT systems

Enterprise Architecture Defined



Strategy

Architecture

Dev Program

Architecture

Project PP

Architecture

Design DDesign D

Infra. Proj

Arch

D DD


Programme Architecture

Infrastructure Architecture

EA provides a context and guidance, keeping everyone “on the same road”



“How have we aligned technology investment with our

business objectives?”

“If we change our technology stack, what applications and organizations will be effected?”

Benefits (1): Analyze the Linkage Between Technology and Business, Communicate Actionable Information



Focus on Information

needed to make

a decision

What Happens If….?

Benefits (2): Analyze Change to Processes…



Enterprise Architecture – Main Aspects



Main aspects of an Enterprise Architecture

Enterprise Architecture is between the Business and IT Strategy and the programs and projects to be carried out

Enterprise Architecture includes Business Architecture as well as IT Architecture (which is IS Architecture – Information System – and Technology Architecture)

Enterprise Architecture guides the programs and projects



Solution Development & DeliverySolution Development & Delivery

Building blocks, rules, patterns,

constraints

Building blocks, rules, patterns,

constraints


Models


ModelsGovernanceGovernanceTransition Planning

Transition Planning

Business Motivation and Strategy (goals,

objective, vision, capability, etc.)

Business Motivation and Strategy (goals,

objective, vision, capability, etc.)

Solution Development & Delivery

Are we still moving in the

right direction?

Are our target architectures

still right?

Are we doing these things the way we said we want

them done?

Project Portfolio Planning

Project Portfolio Planning

These are the things we should do

UPSTREAM: Identifying viable projects that help realize the

enterprise architecture requires a good “map”, capable of portraying

the overall “as is” and “to be”architectural landscape

DOWNSTREAM: Ensuring projects can exploit the architecture’s

“standard components” or building blocks requires each part to be

described and published in an easy-to-use, easy-to-find “catalogue like”

format

This is the way things should be

architected

“Do the right things right”



Solution Outline Build Cycle DeploymentMacro Design Micro Design

Solution Outline Build Cycle DeploymentMacro Design Micro Design

Solution Outline Build Cycle DeploymentMacro Design Micro DesignBusiness as

usual projectprioritization & Planning

Work Streams

"These are theThings we Should do”

EARoadmap

BusinessObjectives,,Vision, etc.

EAGovernance

BuildingBlocksBuildingBlocks

Rules & stdconstructionsRules &

std

EAArchitecture

AchievingBusinessObjectives

“This is the waythese things shouldbe architected”

“Things we should do”

“Are we doing these Things the way we saidWe want them done?

“Are our target architectures still

right?”“Are we still moving in the right direction?”

EA is More than Architecture



Therefore there are three aspects to implementing an Enterprise Architecture

Implementing the EA

Business

User

Arch Review

Board

TRB

IT SteeringCommittee

ProjectArchitect

or DA

Yes

Yes

No

No

BusinessRequirement

Identified

Analyse

and

Understand

Business

Requirement

Design

Solution

Develop/

implement

system/

solution

Research

&

analyse

conforming

alternatives

Conduct

Design/

Product

Evaluation

Review

Mtg

Identify

potential

confirming

alternatives

Advise/

Assist

ArchitectureInitiative

Advise/

Assist

DesignConforms to Architecture?

ArchConformingAlternativeavailable?

Vitality Process

ARB

TRB

DA

Governance

Organisation

Processes

Evaluation & Selection

Architecture

Models

Principles

Enterprise Tech Framework

Business ArchitectureInformationarchitectureComponentarchitecture

Data architecture

IT architecture

Cha

nnel

s

Applications

Common System Services

Inte

rfac

e S

ervi

ces

Sec

urity

Ser

vice

s

Network Services

Platform Services

Syst

em M

anag

emen

t Ser

vice

s

Syst

em &

Infr

astr

uctu

re D

evel

opm

ent

CommonApplication

Services

DataClaim

Transition

Transition Plan

Management Action Plan

Group IT Architecture Definition

Infrastructure Design & Planning

Establish IT Competency Centre

End User Infrastructure Upgrade

Inter-company WAN (imple.)

Outsource New Core systems

Outsource Helpdesk and Desktop

Outsource network

Outsourcing Initiatives

Competency Centre Initiatives

Electronic Service Delivery

Data Warehouse

Customer Service Centre

Reco gnise and r epor prob lem

D iagnose pro blem

Escalat e pr obl em

Anal yse pr obl em

Log P robl em

Cl ose pr obl em

U pdat e cust omer

Resol ve pr oblem

Bypass and/ or f ix

Conf ig. Management

Oper at ions Management

C hange Management

Cal l management

O per ati ons mana gement

Updat e customer

Perf and C apacit y man agement

WAN in frastruc ture

Intranet/Mai l infras tructure

Cus tomer Servic eData Warehous e

Graphica l IS

B.U.

B.U.

Document Management

Systems Management

Middleware

NETWORK

Planning/Design Initiatives

Infrastructure Initiatives

OtherBusiness Unit SystemsKiosksTelemetry systemsetc

Initiatives focused on migrating to the new delivery environment

Planning/DesignInfrastructureOutsourcing

Initiatives focused on implementing the vision

Planning/designIT Competency centre

Key Group Decision Points



Enterprise Architecture Methods

Enterprise Architecture methods provide guidelines and templates for the definition of an Enterprise Architecture

Templates are available for Work Products / Artifacts – most of them as described in Architecture Methods

Most popular Enterprise Architecture Methods– IBM – Zachman (www.zifa.com)– TOGAF (www.opengroup.org)



Business Architecture

Informationarchitecture

Componentarchitecture

Data architecture

IT architecture

How the business will be run

Logical model of information needs

Automated business functions

Physical model of data

Hardware & software products

”increased focus on a ’Market of one’”

”Customer information will be integrated across all bus units”

”applications will use catalogue services”

”some personal data may be stored locally”

”Business units may use local SAP servers”

Strategy

Source: European Government Agency, 2002

Purpose ofthe layer

SamplePrinciple

A popular way of structuring an EA’s architecture framework: is to adopt a simple layered approach



And this structuring is closely followed in IBM’s EA Method through “architecture neighbourhoods”


Informationarchitecture

Componentarchitecture

Data architecture

IT architecture

Business Architecture IT Architecture

Principles, Policies and Guidelines

Application Function

Model

Placement Guidelines

Data Stores

User GroupsConceptual Enterprise

Technology Framework

Logical Enterprise

Technology Framework

Business Event List

Business Roles and Locations

Process Identification

Enterprise Information

Model

Business Structure

Process/ Data Usage

Strategy



© CapGemini, 2005

© John A Zachman

http://www.zifa.com/

http://www.capgemini.com/services/soa/ent_architecture/

The Open Group’s Architecture Framework(TOGAF), UK

All EAs have a “framework” – a means of organizing, managing and communicating the architecture



What is TOGAF

TOGAF consists of the following :– Architecture Development Method (ADM)– Enterprise Continuum– Resource Base

The ADM is depicted as the ‘crop-circle’ and represents the core of the TOGAF specification. It is a method for deriving a specific enterprise architecture.

The Enterprise Continuum is a model for structuring a ‘virtual repository’of architectural assets such as patterns, models, & architecturedescriptions.

The Resource Base is a set of ‘good practice’ resources such as guidelines, checklists and templates provided to assist the architect when using TOGAF ADM.



Standard TOGAF (currently Version 9)

CapabilityRequirements

CapabilityRequirements

Strategy andDirection

Strategy andDirection

Processes, OrganizationProcesses,

Organization

Application,Systems, BPMS

Application,Systems, BPMS

NetworkInfrastructure

NetworkInfrastructure

PrioritizationPrioritizationPlanningPlanning

ChangeManagement

ChangeManagement




Technology Architecture

Governance

Strategic Gap Analysis

Transition

Enterprise Capabilities

IS Architecture

Current Environment

Proposal and Engagement PlanningClientObjectives

EmergingOpportunities

EA Method Overview – Emphasizing Iterative Approach



Enterprise Strategy


Prog

ram

foc

usEn

terp

rise

wid

e fo

cus

Strategy

Planning

Design and

Delivery

Prog

ram

foc

usEn

terp

rise

wid

e fo

cus

Strategy

Planning

Design and

Delivery

Prog

ram

foc

usEn

terp

rise

wid

e fo

cus

Strategy

Planning

Design and

Delivery

TransitionPlanning Gr ou p IT

Ar c h ite c tu re D e finit ion

Inf r a s tr uc tu r e D e s ig n & P la nn ing

E s ta blis h IT C om pe te n c y C e nt re

E n d U s e r In fr a s tr uc t ur e U pgr a de

Int e r- c om p a ny W AN (im p le .)

Ou ts ou rc e N ew C or e s y s te m s

Ou ts ou rc e H e lpd es k a n d D e s k top

O ut so ur c e n e tw or k

O u ts o u rc in g In it ia t iv e s

C o m p e ten cy C en tre In it ia t iv e s

E le c tr on ic S e r vi ce D e live r y

D a ta W a r eh ous e

C u s tom e r S e r v ic e C e ntr e

W A N inf ras tru ct ureIn tra ne t/M ail inf ra str uct ure

C us tom e r S er vic eDa ta W are ho us e

G ra ph ic al I S

B .U. B .U .

D oc um e nt Ma n ag em en t

S ys te ms M an a ge me nt

Mi dd lew ar e

N E T W O R K

Pl an n in g /D es ig n I n it i at i ve s

In fr as tru ctu re In it ia t iv e s

O th erB u sin ess U n it S ystem sK i osk sTel em etr y sys te m setc

In itia tiv e s f oc us e d on m igr a tin g to the n e w d e liv e ry e nv ir on m e nt

P la nn ing / D es i gnI n f ras truc t u reO uts ou rc i ng

In itia tiv e s f oc us e d on im ple m e n ting the v is io n

P la nn ing / des i gnI T C om pet enc y c en tre

K e y G ro up D ec is io n P o int s


TransitionPlanning Gr ou p IT

Ar c h ite c tu re D e finit ion

Inf r a s tr uc tu r e D e s ig n & P la nn ing

E s ta blis h IT C om pe te n c y C e nt re

E n d U s e r In fr a s tr uc t ur e U pgr a de

Int e r- c om p a ny W AN (im p le .)

Ou ts ou rc e N ew C or e s y s te m s

Ou ts ou rc e H e lpd es k a n d D e s k top

O ut so ur c e n e tw or k

O u ts o u rc in g In it ia t iv e s

C o m p e ten cy C en tre In it ia t iv e s

E le c tr on ic S e r vi ce D e live r y

D a ta W a r eh ous e

C u s tom e r S e r v ic e C e ntr e

W A N inf ras tru ct ureIn tra ne t/M ail inf ra str uct ure

C us tom e r S er vic eDa ta W are ho us e

G ra ph ic al I S

B .U. B .U .

D oc um e nt Ma n ag em en t

S ys te ms M an a ge me nt

Mi dd lew ar e

N E T W O R K

Pl an n in g /D es ig n I n it i at i ve s

In fr as tru ctu re In it ia t iv e s

O th erB u sin ess U n it S ystem sK i osk sTel em etr y sys te m setc

In itia tiv e s f oc us e d on m igr a tin g to the n e w d e liv e ry e nv ir on m e nt

P la nn ing / D es i gnI n f ras truc t u reO uts ou rc i ng

In itia tiv e s f oc us e d on im ple m e n ting the v is io n

P la nn ing / des i gnI T C om pet enc y c en tre

K e y G ro up D ec is io n P o int s


BusinessArchitecture

ITArchitecture

AEICorporate

YankeeGroup

SaturnGroup

YarnDivision

KnitsDivision

SenecaPlant

RaleighPlant

CashManagement

Shippi ng

Accounting

ComponentDesign

Yarn Buying

Order E ntry

ComponentSchedul ing

YarnDyeing

Inventory

Assortm entP lanni ng

Com ponentKnitting

Tagging & P acking

Business Structure

AEICorporate

YankeeGroup

SaturnGroup

YarnDivision

KnitsDivision

SenecaPlant

RaleighPlant

CashManagement

Shippi ng

Accounting

ComponentDesign

Yarn Buying

Order E ntry

ComponentSchedul ing

YarnDyeing

Inventory

Assortm entP lanni ng

Com ponentKnitting

Tagging & P acking

Business Structure

Business LocationsBusiness Locations

Change Programs


Programme ArchitectureGro u p I T A rc hi te ctu re D e f in i t i on

I n fra stru c tur e D e s ig n & P l a nn i n g

E sta b l is h IT C o mp e ten c y C e ntre

E nd U s er I nfra s truc tu re U p gra d e

I nte r-c o mp an y W A N ( i m p le . )

O uts o u rce N ew C ore sy s tem s

O uts o u rce H el p de s k a nd D es kto p

Ou tso u rc e ne two rk

O uts ou rc ing In itia tiv e s

C om pe te nc y Ce nt re In itia tiv e s

Ele ctr on ic Se rv ice Delive ry

Da ta W a rehouse

Cus tom er Se rvic e Ce ntre

WAN infras tructur eIntra net/Ma il infra struct ureC ustom er Se rviceData Ware house

Graph ical IS

B.U. B.U. Docu ment Manag emen t

Sys tems M anag emen t

Middle ware

N ET W O RK

Pla nn ing /D e s ign In itia tiv e s

In fra s tr uc ture In it iat ive s

Othe rB us in ess U ni t S yst em sK io sksTe le m et r y s yst em set c

In itia tive s foc us e d on m igra ting to the ne w de liv ery env ironm ent

P lan nin g/ De sig nI nf ra str uc tu re

O ut sour ci ngIn itia tive s foc us e d on im ple me nting the vis ion

P lan nin g/ desi gnI T Co mp et ency ce nt re

K ey G ro u p De c i si o n P oi n ts


Programme ArchitectureGro u p I T A rc hi te ctu re D e f in i t i on

I n fra stru c tur e D e s ig n & P l a nn i n g

E sta b l is h IT C o mp e ten c y C e ntre

E nd U s er I nfra s truc tu re U p gra d e

I nte r-c o mp an y W A N ( i m p le . )

O uts o u rce N ew C ore sy s tem s

O uts o u rce H el p de s k a nd D es kto p

Ou tso u rc e ne two rk




Da ta W a rehouse



Graph ical IS



Middle ware

N ET W O RK

Pla nning /D e s ign In itia tiv e s




P lan nin g/ De sig nI nf ra str uc tu reO ut sour ci ng

In itia tive s foc us e d on im ple me nting the vis ion




Programme ArchitectureGroup IT Arc hite cture De fin ition

In fra struc tur e De s ign & Pla nning

Esta b lis h IT Compe tenc y Ce ntre

End Us er Infra s truc ture Upgra de

Inte r-c ompany W AN (im ple .)

O uts ource New C ore sy s tem s

O uts ource H elpde s k a nd D es ktop

Outsourc e ne twork




Da ta W a rehouse



Graph ical IS



Middle ware

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Outsourc e ne twork




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Graph ical IS



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BusinessOpportunity

Business Strategy IT Strategy


Enterprise Capabilities


IS Architecture

Technology Architecture The EA Consulting Method’s architectural layers

All EAs have a “framework” – a means of organizing, managing and communicating the architecture



Res

ourc

esC

apab

ilitie

sPr

opos

ition

sVa

lue

Sell books onlineAttract

people to website

Web-based catalog

Handle e-commerce

Context sensitive

advertising

3rd party order

fulfillment

Offer low pricing

Agreement with Yahoo, Excite, AOL

Scalable Servers

Proactive Notification

System"Associates"

IT SystemBook

DatabaseDistribution

Contract

Distribute through

mail

Premier Online

BooksellerLow Cost Provider

3rd party search

capability

3rd party distribution capability

Convenient Transactions

Large Selection

Web-based search

3rd party web content

Information

Process

Organisation

Technology

Capability

Enterprise Capabilities: Linking Strategy to Architecture(Example Amazon)



EA Work Products guide and govern how Solution Work Products are constructed (Same Types of Work Products)

“EA constrains

and co-

ordinates the

construction of IT based business systems”

Use Case Model

Non-fn Rqts

Context Diagram Arch Over

Diagram

Component Model

Operational Model

Deployment Units

Requirements

Architecture

Reference Architectures

Viability


UserArchitecture

ApplicationArchitecture

DataArchitecture

POLICY

Producer CompensationClaimant Claim Business PartnersProducerService Providers

Policy FinancialsInsured Objects Insurance ProductPolicy

Training, Education, AdviceThird Parties InquiriesLegal & Recovery ActionsExternal Agencies

Claim

Sponsoring OrganizationMarket ProspectsInsured PartyBusiness Plans

Info Objects

UserArchitecture

ApplicationArchitecture

DataArchitecture

POLICY

Producer CompensationClaimant Claim Business PartnersProducerService Providers

Policy FinancialsInsured Objects Insurance ProductPolicy

Training, Education, AdviceThird Parties InquiriesLegal & Recovery ActionsExternal Agencies

Claim

Sponsoring OrganizationMarket ProspectsInsured PartyBusiness Plans

Info Objects


Corporate StrategyFinance & PlanningHuman ResourcesInformation SystemsPurchasing & Supply

Marketing& Sales

Technical Operations

FlyingOperations

CustomerService

ManageCargo

DevelopProducts

Develop Schedules

Distribute Products

ManageAgency Sales

ManageAlliances

ManageAeroplane

ManageAircraft Seat Inventory

Perform Base Maintenance (A/C)

Perform Line Maintenance

MaintainEngines

MaintainComponents

Manage Materials & Service

Plan Crews

ScheduleCrews

ManageIn- flightService

ManageDay-of-flightOperations

ServiceReservations

Process PAX at Airports

Process Baggage

ManageAirport SystemsOperations

Perform Base Maintenance (contract)

Financial Planning & Reporting Manage

Labour Contracts

IT Architecture

ArchitectureTechnology



Enterprise Architecture – Business View



Example Business Context



Step 2: Define a Service Model • Identify your services based on your business components• Specify the services and components accordingly• Make SOA realization decisions based on architectural

decisions

Step 3: Implement a Service Model• Develop a service-oriented architecture to support the

Componentized Business • Implement service based scoping policy for projects• Implement appropriate governance mechanism

Step 1: Break down your business into components• Decide what is strategically important, and what is just

operations in the value chain domains• Analyze the different KPIs attached to these components• Prioritize and scope your transformation projects

Business Components

(CBM)

SOA Realization

ServiceModeling(SOMA)

Business-Aligned IT Architecture

Recap: Approach for SOA



Control

Execute

Direct Business Planning

Business Unit Tracking Sales

ManagementCredit

AssessmentReconciliation

Compliance

Staff Appraisals

Relationship Management

Sector Management

Product Management

Production Administration

Product FulfillmentSales

Marketing Campaigns

Product Directory

Credit Administration

Customer Accounts

GeneralLedger

Document Management

Customer Dialogue

Contact Routing

StaffAdministration

BusinessAdministration

New Business Development


Servicing & Sales

Product Fulfillment

Financial Control and Accounting

Sector Planning Portfolio Planning

Account Planning Sales Planning Fulfillment

Planning

Fulfillment Planning

A Business Component is a part of an enterprise that has the potential to operate autonomously, for example, as a separate company, or as part of another company.

Columns are Business Competencies, defined as large business areas with characteristic skills and capabilities, for example, product development or supply chain.

An Operational Level characterizes the scope of decision making. The three levels used in CBM are direct, control and execute. Direct is about strategy, overall

direction and policy. Control is about monitoring,

managing exceptions and tactical decision making

Execute is about doing the work

Component Business Model (CBM) – Definition (1)



Business Component

Activities

Resources

Applications

Infrastructure

Business Purpose Business Services

Com

ponent Governance

Each business component has differentiated capabilities

Each business component defines and decides on the use of all resources needed to perform the defined activities

Each business component has a governance structure within which it manages its activities

Each business component has business services which form the interfaces to other business components

Business Component Elements

A component is a business in microcosm. It has activities, resources, applications, infrastructure. It has a governance model. It provides goods and services (business services)

CBM – Definition (2): The building block of a component business model is a ‘business component’



CompetitiveDifferentiated

Control-ling

Executing

Directing Business Planning


ManagementCredit


Compliance

Staff Appraisals


Sector Management

Product Management

Product Administration

Product Fulfillment

Sales

Marketing Campaigns

Product Directory


Customer Accounts

GeneralLedger

Document Management

CustomerService

Collections

AccountAdministration




Servicing & Sales

Product Fulfillment


Sector Planning Portfolio PlanningAccount Planning Sales PlanningFulfillment Planning

Fulfillment Monitoring

Purchasing

Branch/Store Operations

Competitive

Target Competency

Base

Differentiated

Domain Decomposition– Component Business Modeling for JKE



Control-ling

Executing



ManagementCredit


Compliance

Staff Appraisals


Sector Management

Product Management


Product Fulfillment

Sales

Marketing Campaigns

Product Directory


Customer Accounts

GeneralLedger

Document Management

CustomerService

Collections





Servicing & Sales

Product Fulfillment


Sector Planning Portfolio PlanningAccount Planning Sales PlanningFulfillment Planning


Purchasing


Competitive

Target Competency

Base

Differentiated

M H

M L

M L

H L

L L

M LL L

L H

M M

M L

M L

HL

M H

M L

M L

M L

M L M L

M L M L

M L

L M

L M

L MM L

M

L H

H

H H

M L

M LM L

Investment Review

ContributionCost

(H, M, or L)

“Hot”Component

Cost control opportunity



Revenue/Profit improvement opportunity

Domain Decomposition– Component Business Modeling for JKE



CBM and IT Systems Coverage for JKE

Control-ling

Executing



ManagementCredit


Compliance

Staff Appraisals


Sector Management

Product Management


Product FulfillmentSales

Marketing Campaigns

Product Directory


Customer Accounts

GeneralLedger

Document Management

CustomerService

Collections





Servicing & Sales

Product Fulfillment


Sector Planning Portfolio PlanningAccount Planning Sales Planning Fulfillment Planning


Purchasing


DifferentiatedCompetitive

Target Competency

Base

Investment Review

ContributionCost

(H, M, or L)

“Hot”Component

M H

M L

M L

H L

L L

M LL L

L H

M M

M L

M L

HL

M H

M L

M L

M L

M L M L

M L M L

M L

L M

L M

L MM L

M

L H

H

H M

M L

M LM L

Siebel

Marketing

Remote Sales

Risk management Collections ARSAP

Customer ODSOrdering / Billing

gaps over-extension

duplication



Key Performance Indicators for JKE

– Account AdministrationAutomate the manual tasks for creating and administering

accountsDecrease cost of account activation by 50%

– Credit AdministrationDesign and build optimized services to support converged

organizationNegotiate better prices with our vendors taking advantage of our

combined sizeDecrease negotiated cost (Vendor volume discounts) of credit

report retrieval by 20%Automate 75% of all credit report retrievals

Implement consistent business rules to manage riskDecrease number of credit report retrievals by 10%

– …



Business Goals

Key Performance Indicators

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are used to define a metric (simple or composed measurable unit) that measures of much the service implementation fulfills the initial requirements (business goal)

Each Business Goal that is going to be realized with a specific service implementation should have an associated KPI.

Business Goals and Key Performance Indicators



Dynamic Infrastructure –Cloud Computing



A user experience and a business model Cloud computing is an emerging style of IT delivery in which applications, data, and IT

resources are rapidly provisioned and provided as standardized offerings to users over the web in a flexible pricing model.

An infrastructure management and services delivery methodology Cloud computing is a way of managing large numbers of highly virtualized resources

such that, from a management perspective, they resemble a single large resource. This can then be used to deliver services with elastic scaling.

Monitor & ManageServices & Resources

CloudAdministrator

DatacenterInfrastructure

Service Catalog,ComponentLibrary

Service Consumers

Component Vendors/Software Publishers

Publish & UpdateComponents,Service Templates

IT Cloud

AccessServices

What is Cloud Computing?



Cloud-onomics

=

CLOUD COMPUTING

Cost

…leveraging virtualization, standardization and automationto free up operational budget for new investment.

VIRTUALIZATION +STANDARDIZATION AUTOMATION+ Flexibility



Major Factors Driving Cloud-onomics

Virtualization of Hardware

Standardization of Workloads

Utilization of Infrastructure

Automation of Management

Virtualized environments only get benefits of scale if they are highly utilized

Drives lower capital requirements

More complexity = less automation possible =

people needed

Take repeatable tasks and automate

Labo

r Lev

erag

eIn

fras

truc

ture

Lev

erag

e



The key ingredients of Cloud Computing

High Quality User Experience

Easy access to “best in class”functions

Flexibility and choice

Lower costs Enhanced

security and reliability

Rapidly Provisioned

Significantly Improved Supply Economics Lower

operating costs via standards and automation

Improved capital efficiency

Rapid, flexible services enhancements

Enabling Technology

Open, standards-based Common components and

processes Elastic scaling and fault recovery

Enabled by dynamic Infrastructure

Compute Storage Network

Cloud Services

Changes in Consumption

Changes in Delivery

User provisioned Self service model Tiered, flexible pricing

Standardized offerings Virtualized and automated



Cloud Computing Delivery Models

ORGANIZATION CULTURE GOVERNANCE

Flexible Delivery Models

Public …•Service provider owned and

managed.•Access by subscription.•Delivers select set of

standardized business process, application and/or infrastructure services on a flexible price per use basis.

Private …•Privately owned and

managed.•Access limited to client

and its partner network.•Drives efficiency,

standardization and best practices while retaining greater customization and control

Cloud Services

Cloud Computing Model

.… Customization, efficiency, availability, resiliency, security

and privacy

.…Standardization, capital preservation, flexibility and

time to deploy

Hybrid …•Access to client, partner

network, and third party resources



Infrastructure as a service(virtualized servers, storage, networking)

Applications, Processes and Information as a service

Software platforms as a service(optimized middleware – application servers,

database servers, portal servers, etc.)

Public Clouds(provider - Internet) Private Clouds

(data center - Intranet)Hybrid Clouds(public and private)

Services

Cloud Computing Deployments and Services Models



Lifecycle of a Cloud Service

Defin

ition

Offe

ring

Subscription &

InstantiationProduction

Termination

IBM / ISV /IT Dept

Subscriber (e.g. Line of Business)

Administrator / SLM

Service Template Definition

•Create Build- and Management Plans for Service

Service Offering Creation & Registration

•Define Service based on Template and register it in the Catalog

Service Catalog Manager

Service Offering Subscription & Instantiation

•Select Service, specify parameters and SLA’s•Automatically instantiate the Service

Subscriber (e.g. Line of Business)

Service Instance Termination

Destroy Service and free up resources

CloudServiceCloud

Service

Ensemble Hardware Ensemble Hardware

System z Ensemble Power Ensemble System x Ensemble

Ensemble Hardware

Virtualizers (e.g. z/VM) Virtualizers (e.g. PHYP) Virtualizers (e.g. Xen)

Individual Servers Storage Ensembles

App

App

Man

agem

ent

LPA

R /

VM

…

App

App

App

App

Man

agem

ent

LPA

R /

VM

…

App

App

App

App

Man

agem

ent

LPA

R /

VM…

App

App

OS OS OS OS OS OS

Manual or Autonomic Execution of Management Plans leveraging Automation and Virtualization

Ensure SLA Conformance



End User Requests

& Operators

…

Service Request & Operations

Design & Build

Image Library(Store)

Deployment

OperationalLifecycle of Images

IT Infrastructure & ApplicationProvider

ServiceCreation & Deployment

Virtual ImageManagement

Service CatalogRequest UI

Operational UI

Optimized Middleware(image deployment, integrated security, workload mgmt., high-availability)

Service Oriented Architecture Information Architecture

User Request Management/Self Service Portal

Security: Identity, Access, Integrity, Isolation, Audit & Compliance

Non-Traditional IT Asset

ManagementLicense

Management

Image Lifecycle Management

Provisioning/Usage

Accounting

Performance Management

Availability/Backup/ Restore

Service Lifecycle Management

Service Management

Virtual Resources & Aggregations

SMP Servers Network HardwareStorage ServersSystem Resources

Blades Storage

Virtualized Infrastructure

Server Virt. Storage Virt. Network Virt.

Architectural Model for Cloud Computing

enterprise it architectures ea (enterprise architecture)...enterprise architecture is the formal...

Documents