R. Hubert Cyril Lourdes3rd M.B.B.S.,MADHA MEDICAL COLLEGE & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

DEVELOPMENTOF

NOSE

Five facial prominences

1. FRONTONASAL prominence

2. MAXILLARY prominence

3. MEDIAL NASAL prominence

4. LATERAL NASAL prominence

5. MANDIBULAR prominence

Appearance of NASAL PLACODES at the end of 4th

week of IUL

Appears lateral to the FRONTONASAL prominence as a LOCAL THICKENING of SURFACE ECTODERM.

NASAL PITS are formed on 5th week of IUL, by invagination of NASAL PLACODES.

NASAL PROMINENCE are formed following the formation of NASAL PITSNASAL PROMINENCE divided into 2 subdivisions:

1. LATERAL nasal prominence 2. MEDIAL nasal prominence

Following 2 weeks after 5th week of IUL, maxillary prominence continue to INCREASE IN SIZE. Simultaneously, they grow medially, compressing the medial nasal prominence towards the midline.

In the formation of upper lip LATERAL NASAL PROMINENCE is not involved

The deep furrow which separates maxillary prominence and later nasal prominence is called as NASOLACRIMAL GROOVE.

Nasolacrimal groove forms NASOLACRIMAL DUCT and its upper wider end forms the LACRIMAL SAC.

Development of lateral wall of nose

During 8th week of IUL 6 to 7 ridges appear on the lateral nasal wall, those ridges are called as ETHAMO TURBINALS.

1st ETHAMO TURBINAL1. ASCENDING portion forms AGGER NASI

2. DESCENDING portion forms UNCINATE PROCESS

2nd ETHAMO TURBINAL forms MIDDLE TURBINATE.

3rd ETHAMO TURBINAL forms SUPERIOR TURBINATE

4th and 5th ETHAMO TURBINAL forms SUPREME TURBINATE

MAXILLO TURBINAL forms INFERIOR TURBINATE

FURROWS between each ETHAMO TURBINALS forms respective NASAL MEATUSES

1st FURROW :- MIDDLE MEATUS (b/w 1st &

2nd ET)

2nd FURROW :- SUPERIOR MEATUS

3rd FURROW :- SUPREME MEATUS

4th FURROW :- INFERIOR MEATUS

DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES

OF NOSE

PROBOSIS DEFORMITY

ARHINIA (Nasal aplasia)

POLYRHINIA (Double nose)

CHOANAL ATRESIA

NASAL DERMOID CYST

NASAL GLIOMAS

NASAL HEMANGIOMA (vascular hamartoma)

NASAL MASS1. CYSTIC MASS

• MENINGOCOELE

• MENINGOENCEPHALOCOEL

2. SOLID MASS

GLIOMA

CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA

CLEFT LIP and PALATE1. MEDIAN NASAL CLEFT

2. MEDIAL NASAL CLEFT

3. LATERAL NASAL CLEFT

ARHINIA

Developmentof

paranasal air sinuses

Paranasal sinuses develop as OUTPOUCHING from mucous membrane of lateral wall of nose.

Maxillary sinus and Ethmoidal sinuses are present at birth

Growth of sinuses continues during childhood and early adult life

Radiologically various sinuses can be identified at various milestones of growth. They are:

I. Maxillary sinus – 4th to 5th month

II. Ethmoidal sinus – 1 year

III. Sphenoidal sinus – 4 years

IV. Frontal sinus – 6 years.

DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES

OF paranasal air sinuses

Unilateral maxillary air sinus aplasia

Total paranasal sinus aplasia

Unilateral maxillary sinus aplasia

Unilateral maxillary sinus aplasia

Total aplasia of paranasal sinuses

Total aplasia of paranasal sinuses