ensc 305w/440w grading rubric for project...

ENSC 305W/440W Grading Rubric for Project Proposal

Criteria Details Marks Introduction/Background

Introduces basic purpose of the project. Includes clear background for the project.

/05%

Scope/Risks/Benefits

Clearly outlines project scope. Details both potential risks involved in project and potential benefits flowing from it.

/15%

Market/Competition/ Research Rationale

Describes the market for a commercial project and details the current competition. For a research project, the need for the system or device is outlined and current solutions are detailed.

/10%

Company Details

Team has devised a creative company name, product name, and a logo. Outlines relevant skills/expertise of team members.

/05%

Project Planning

Details major processes and milestones of the project. Includes Gantt, Milestone, and/or PERT charts as necessary (MS Project).

/10%

Cost Considerations

Includes a realistic estimate of project costs. Includes potential funding sources. Allows for contingencies.

/05%

Conclusion/References

Summarizes project and motivates readers. Includes references for information from other sources.

/10%

Rhetorical Issues

Document is persuasive and could convince a potential investor to consider funding the project. Clearly considers audience expertise and interests.

/10%

Presentation/Organization

Document looks like a professional proposal. Ideas follow in a logical manner. Layout and design is attractive.

/10%

Format Issues

Includes letter of transmittal, title page, executive summary, table of contents, list of figures and tables, glossary, and references. Pages are numbered, figures and tables are introduced, headings are numbered, etc. References and citations are properly formatted.

/10%

Correctness/Style

Correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Style is clear concise, and coherent.

/10%

Comments

September 25, 2013 Professor Lakshman One School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6 Dear Professor Lakshman One: In compliance with the course requirements for ENSC 305/440, this enclosed package contains the project proposal for IDENTEC’s latest innovation, “Proposal for an Optical System to Visually Differentiate Tooth Material from Composite Fillings”. This project aims to develop an optical system, codenamed OraLite, that can be integrated with existing dental optics to assist dentists in composite filling removal procedures. This document presents the current issues with imprecise differentiation between real tooth material and composite fillings in a very common dental procedure. The attached proposal will give an outline of our project, including: system overview, design considerations, estimated finance and funding information, project planning, and team organization. This proposal also presents how our proposed solution will improve the efficiency and quality of a dentist’s work, thus highlighting the market potential in the dental industry. Our company, IDENTEC, consists of four dedicated and intelligent engineering students from both Biomedical and Electronics concentrations: Damian Kayra, Leo Lee, Harrie Sidhu and Rex (Zhenpeng) Xue. The company profile is also included in this proposal for your reference. Please feel free to forward any questions or concerns about our proposal to [email protected]. We hope this project proposal will meet your approval. Sincerely,

Damian Kayra Chief Executive Officer IDENTEC

mailto:[email protected]

OraLite Optical System Proposal

Proposal - Optical System Allowing for Visual

Differentiation of Tooth Material from Composite Fillings

Project Team:

Damian Kayra Leo Lee Rex (Zhenpeng) Xue Harrie Sidhu

Contact Person: Submitted to:

Mike Sjoerdsma – ENSC 305 Lakshman One – ENSC 440 School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University

Issued date:

September 25th, 2013 Revision:

1.4

Damian Kayra [email protected]

i


Executive Summary

Imagine walking down the candy aisle at a local supermarket with an array of selections ranging from the classic SmartiesTM by Nestle to the sophisticated handcrafted chocolate from Thomas Haas. Modern society has been blessed with a variety of alluring cuisines to cheer ourselves from the most unpleasant days to simply wanting to enjoy a nice dessert. However, with so many attractive options, oral health across the nation has never been in so much danger. In Canada, the total dental care expenditures in both the public and private sector have increased from $1.3 billion in 1980 to $12.6 billion in 2012 [1]. One of the most common procedures performed by dentists is cavity replacements. In the past, cast gold fillings and silver amalgam were the two most common materials used in this procedure; however, recently composite resin materials have slowly emerged as the option of choice to fill cavities. More than 100 million composite fillings are placed each year in North America alone [2]. There are many types of composite resin fillings and all have been created to mimic a real tooth in both appearance and mechanical properties [3]. This creates an issue for dentists in visually differentiating between the two materials and was found to be a very common problem in the dentistry world as the general public now opts for composite fillings for aesthetic reasons. Due to the difficulty of distinguishing real tooth material from composite fillings, the common practice for composite filling removal is to drill a larger opening than the previous cavity to ensure complete removal. Failure to remove all expired filling will result in composite decay which may lead to a root canal [4]. Unnecessary removal of healthy tooth during composite removal procedures will form thin tooth walls which have a higher chance of cracking, leading to further dental work. At IDENTEC we propose to create an optical system, the OraLite, which will allow dentists to visually differentiate between tooth material and composite resin fillings to ensure complete removal of all expired resin materials without removing excessive amounts of healthy tooth. Utilizing passive optics, our product will isolate optical differences between the two materials and visually enhance these differences using optical filters. During a composite filling removal procedure, the dentist will attach our system to their current dental loupes and dentistry light. Through the magic of OraLite, the composite resin fillings will be visually distinguishable from normal tooth material. The dentist would then have the ability to accurately remove all composite fillings and repair the opening with much greater precision than is currently possible. Not only will this improve the quality of a dentist’s work, but it will also reduce the procedure time in composite filling removal, increasing productivity in the clinic. Using our expertise in optical and mechanical design, our team hopes to standardize the OraLite technology in the dental industry as composite fillings have become the prevailing technique for cavity restorations. We believe our team has the necessary synergy and expertise to succeed in implementing OraLite as a suitable solution for all dentists to be able to use.

ii


Table of Contents

Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. i

1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1

2. System Overview ......................................................................................................... 2

3. Existing Solutions ......................................................................................................... 4

4. Proposed Design Solution ............................................................................................ 5

4.1 Light Source ............................................................................................................. 5

4.2 Loupe Optical Filters ............................................................................................... 5

4.2 Optics Adapters ....................................................................................................... 5

5. Sources of Information ................................................................................................ 6

6. Budget and Funding ..................................................................................................... 7

6.1 Budget ..................................................................................................................... 7

6.2 Funding .................................................................................................................... 8

7. Project Schedule .......................................................................................................... 9

8. Team Description ....................................................................................................... 11

Damian Kayra – Chief Executive Officer ....................................................................... 11

Leo Lee – Chief Technical Officer .................................................................................. 11

Rex (Zhenpeng) Xue – Chief Financial Officer ............................................................... 11

Harrie Sidhu – Chief Operating Officer ......................................................................... 11

9. Company Profile ........................................................................................................ 12

10. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 13

11. References ............................................................................................................. 14

iii


List of Tables

Table 1: Project Budget ....................................................................................................... 7

List of Figures

Figure 1: Common Dental Optical Setup ............................................................................ 2

Figure 2: Illustrative Visual Enhancement of Composite Fillings ........................................ 2

Figure 3: Rotational Hinge Filter Adapter ........................................................................... 5

Figure 4: Project Gantt Chart ............................................................................................ 10

Figure 5: Project Milestones ............................................................................................. 10


1. Introduction

In the dentistry world there are three main types of filling materials used for cavity treatments: cast gold fillings, silver amalgams fillings, and composite resin fillings. In recent years, most dental clinics have slowly accepted composite resin as the primary choice of filling material for cavity treatments due to cost, safety, and aesthetic concerns. However, despite composite fillings’ advantages over the other materials, it only has an average lifetime of 8 years [5]. It is imperative that all of the expired composite resin is removed during replacement procedures to prevent serious tooth decay, but it is extremely difficult for the dentist to visually differentiate between real tooth material and composite resin. IDENTEC’s latest innovation, the OraLite, is a simple system with the potential to revolutionize the dental industry in composite resin filling removals. Gone will be the days of carving out excessive amounts of healthy tooth just to ensure complete removal of expired composite fillings. Utilizing the OraLite, dentists will be able to visually distinguish the two materials with a flick of a finger. The OraLite system is designed to be integrated universally with existing dental optics. Once the label has been read and OraLite is installed onto the dental loupes, all of which should only take a few brief moments, the user will be able to visually distinguish between tooth material and composite resin when a dentistry light is shined onto the tooth in question. Using the natural optical differences between tooth and composite resin, OraLite optical filters will enhance these distinct characteristics and visually separate the two materials. This innovative system is extremely user friendly. Without any additional expensive materials, dentists will be able to accurately remove and replace composite resin in patients.

OraLite is a one of a kind technology in the dental industry. Currently, there are no straightforward methods for visually differentiating composite resin from tooth material. In this document, we propose an innovative solution in the OraLite system that addresses the erroneous differentiation between real tooth and composite resin. In the following sections, we present an overview of our product, existing solutions, design considerations, sources of information consulted, budgeting funds and project scheduling.


2. System Overview

The OraLite system is to be constructed of high quality optical filters in conjunction with the optics currently used by dentists. Specifically, the system will be composed of retractable optical filters that cover the lenses of the dental loupes, as well as either a filter that fits over current dental light sources or a new light source that has the same form-factor as currently available light sources.

Figure 1: Common Dental Optical Setup

The light source will illuminate both the tooth and composite filling material during normal filling extraction procedures. The optical filters over the magnifying loupes will isolate and enhance differences in the optical signatures of the two materials, allowing the user to visually differentiate between them.

Figure 2: Illustrative Visual Enhancement of Composite Fillings

OraLite


2. System Overview

Figure 2 represents an optical enhancement of the composite fillings such that they are easily visually distinguishable from normal tooth material. Ideally, the contrast visible to the user will be strong enough to allow for quick differentiation of the two materials without having to make adjustments to the OraLite system. This will greatly improve the speed and accuracy of the filling removal, improving quality of work and patient satisfaction, as well as reducing patient chair time.

The IDENTEC team recognizes that they are not alone in feeling uncomfortable in the dental chair, and feel that any device that can lessen the amount of time patients have to spend with their mouths spread open will be a benefit to society.


3. Existing Solutions

U.S. Patent US20050202372 A1 [6], filed March 9 2004, details a method for removal of existing composite fillings utilizing ultraviolet light to visually differentiate tooth material from composite filling material. However, there is currently no device on the market that makes use of this methodology, likely due to the fact that exposure to high intensity ultraviolet light has health risks associated with it. The patent makes no mention of using optical filters to enhance visual contrast to the user, nor does it detail the spectrographic emissions of the different materials leading the IDENTEC team to suspect that the patent was not thoroughly researched before filing.

IDENTEC does not view this patent as being detrimental to the project. In fact, such a patent is beneficial to the company’s goal as it shows that the concept of using optical emission differences to distinguish between tooth and composite filling material is viable.

There are currently no devices commercially available to dentists that adequately address the issue.


4. Proposed Design Solution

The proposed design consists of three main components: the light source, optical filters that cover the magnifying loupes, and adapters that allow the system to integrate with current dental optics.

4.1 Light Source The light source will be responsible for emitting the required wavelength and polarization of light to generate the differentiable spectral emissions from the tooth and composite filling materials. This component will consist of either an optical filter/polarizer that fits over current dental lights or a custom light source that matches the form-factor of current dental lights. Optical filters suitable for this part of the OraLite system must have an 80% transmittance efficiency to ensure optimal working conditions are preserved. Custom light sources will consist of LED components that work with the Ultra LightTM LED loupe light battery pack source. A wide range of wavelengths of emission light will be tested, from ultraviolet to near infrared, and the source best suited to the application will be selected.

4.2 Loupe Optical Filters This component will consist of the two optical filters that fit over the magnifying loupes dentists use to view their working space. These filters will enhance the contrast of light in the normal vision range between tooth material and composite fillings. Due to the loss of light intensity inherent in any magnifying system, the filters will require a minimum of 90% transmittance efficiency.

4.2 Optics Adapters These components will attach the filters and light source to optics currently used in dentistry to make the system easily adoptable. The goal is to make the system as unobtrusive as possible, while allowing the dentist to quickly switch to and from the system. The filters will be attached to the loupes with a rotational hinge (Figure 3), allowing the dentist to remove them from their field of view while working under normal light conditions. Similarly, a filter can be fitted over current light sources with a rotational hinge if required. If a custom light source is required, it will be designed to attach directly to the adapters available on all dental loupes.

Figure 3: Rotational Hinge Filter Adapter


5. Sources of Information

This project was inspired through a discussion with Dr. Brian Bostrom, D.M.D, who expressed frustration in the daily difficulties associated with visually distinguishing composite fillings from regular tooth material. His experience as a dentist has been invaluable in understanding the system requirements and how best to integrate the system seamlessly into current dental setups. He will be regularly consulted throughout this project.

In addition to Dr. Bostrom’s expertise, the team will be reviewing dentistry textbooks to gain an understanding of tooth anatomy, as well as restorative materials used by dentists .

For implementing the optics portion of the project, the team will be consulting with optics specialists Dr. Marinko Sarunic and Derek Sahota at SFU Burnaby Campus. In addition, the team will utilize available optics textbooks and optical filter manufacturer specification sheets for designing and building the required adapters.

Furthermore, the team is also referring to health care regulations set by Health Canada regarding the usage of high intensity light sources, particularly ultraviolet, in a clinical setting.


6. Budget and Funding

6.1 Budget

The table below covers all possible items for the development of the OraLite system. The price of all components for building the prototype system has been sourced from reputable online vendors and retail shops. For practical mass production, the cost of the OraLite will be much lower than that of the prototype system when the project completes.

Table.1: Project Budget

Materials Estimated Cost Dentistry Light& Dental loupe Borrowed Spectrometer Borrowed Composite Filling Material $100 Optical Filters $550 UV and IR Lights $50 Fluorescent Dye $150 Contingency $85 Total Cost $935

The dentistry light and dental loupes are borrowed from Dr. Brian Bostrom (Doctor of Dental Medicine), while Dr. Marinko V. Sarunic (Associate Professor, ENSC) has provided a spectrometer for use in testing. The majority of the project cost is in optical filters and fluorescent dyes, which accounts for approximately 75% of the total budget. Due to the high price of these components, and the core role they play in the success of the project, it is essential to choose high quality optical filters and fluorescent dyes as the raw materials for testing.

Before ordering the optical filters that will be used to build the prototype, thorough testing will be performed using optical filters borrowed from optics labs in Vancouver and Burnaby.

In the meantime, adapters for installing optical filters onto the dental loupe will be built with simple materials such as rubber, plastic parts and screws. The included 10% contingency fee will be used for covering these simple materials and shipping & handling fees.


6.2 Funding

Initially, when pricing out devices and parts, it was found that the total cost of the project was over budget (up to several thousand dollars), which may not be practical for completing the project due to the large amount of fundraising required in such a short time. Fortunately, Dr. Brian Bostrom was impressed by the idea as well as interested in the project, and was generous enough to lend the company a dentistry light, dental loupe, composite filling material and teeth samples. At the same time, Dr. Marinko Sarunic was kind enough to lend the team a spectrometer. Finally, IDENTEC needs to raise $800-900 for the acquisition of all the required materials to complete this project.

IDENTEC is actively seeking funding via different sources and gave a presentation of the project to the Engineering Science Student Endowment Fund (ESSEF) in the hopes that they would see the benefit of funding this endeavor. The company has also submitted a funding application to the Wighton Development Fund which provides funding for projects in the biomedical engineering field.

By the rule of “the minority is subordinate to the majority”, all the team members will do thorough research and the team will hold discussions before making any purchase of $50 or more to conserve save money as well as guarantee the quality and practical application of materials purchased. Furthermore, the team members are willing to contribute an out of pocket amount to cover the remaining costs of the project.


7. Project Schedule

To ensure that the project proceeds in a timely fashion, the team has been split into two groups: optical development and mechanical development. The optics team will focus on collecting spectrographic data of the materials while the mechanical team will focus on designing the required adapters to integrate the OraLite system into common dental optics.

Milestone 1: Acquire Testing Apparatus (Complete) Buy or borrow the following:

1. Ultraviolet light (400nm) 2. Dental Loupes 3. Dental light system 4. Composite resin 5. Extracted teeth 6. Composite resin setting light (450nm) 7. Spectrometer

Milestone 2: Acquire Spectrographic Data (Sept 23-Oct 20)

Test composite resin and tooth material under a variety of light settings Identify spectral differences in the emission/reflectance from materials Test optical filters to ensure good visual differentiation achieved Order high quality optical filters for prototype system

Milestone 3: Design Optical Filter Adapters (Sept 23-Oct 20)

Design adapters that fit common dental loupes Allow for quick and easy removal of filters from field of view Design for reliability, minimal mechanical parts Must Comply with Health Canada standards for dental equipment

Milestone 4: Design LED Light Source (Oct 21-Nov 15)

Create OraLite light source with same form factor as current dental lights Must be compatible with current battery packs (7.4V @25mA) Must comply with Health Canada standards for safety (UV radiation)

Milestone 5: Assemble Prototype Optical Filter System (Oct 21-Nov 15)

Combine optical filters and adapter system Add system to dental loupes Test system for reliability and ease of use

Milestone 6: Video of Working System (Oct 21-Nov 15)

Capture video of the system being used Possibly involve Dr. Brian Bostrom for trial run


7. Project Schedule

The Gantt Chart below illustrates the planned timeline for our project and we aim to complete the working prototype system within the given time frame.

Figure 4: Project Gantt Chart

Figure 5 shows our project milestone of completion date for each stage in Chronological order.

Figure 5: Project Milestones


Chief Executive Officer - Damian Kayra

Chief Financial Officer - Rex Xue Chief Operating Officer -

Harrie Sidhu

Chief Technical Officer - Leo Lee

8. Team Description

Damian Kayra – Chief Executive Officer Damian is in his final year or Biomedical Engineering at Simon Fraser University. Before deciding to go back to school, he started and ran a reasonably successful construction company on Vancouver Island. He brings to the team a solid understanding of the business startup world, as well as 12 months experience working in advanced optics at St. Paul’s hospital. His experience with project management and optics make him particularly well suited for the CEO position of this project.

Leo Lee – Chief Technical Officer Leo is finishing his final year at Simon Fraser University majoring in Biomedical Engineering. He brings to the team a cumulative twelve months of co-op work experience: eight months working as a Research Assistant Engineer at Ballard Power Systems, a hydrogen fuel cell company; and four months as a Biomedical Engineer at St. Paul’s Hospital. Working at St. Paul’s Hopsital, he designed and fabricated a pair of infrared eye recording goggles for nystagmus detection which is currently being used by otologists in the clinic on a daily basis. His product design and development experience will give him the necessary skills to develop the research and hardware systems needed to complete this project.

Rex (Zhenpeng) Xue – Chief Financial Officer Rex is a fourth year electronics engineering student at Simon Fraser University. He has taken courses in Matlab, Solidworks, VHDL coding, analog and digital systems. His previous work experience involves in various projects, working as an assistant to environment and engineering manager at Neptune Terminals Ltd. in North Vancouver as well as an assistant at Guangda Micro-credit Ltd. for doing paperwork to provide financial preparation of lending fund and marketing for solid customers. He has experienced on multiple levels from office paperwork, hardware testing to practical financial materials. On top of his technical skills, he has a proven ability to work well in a team environment both in person and virtually.

Harrie Sidhu – Chief Operating Officer Harrie has started his fourth year in electronics engineering at Simon Fraser University. He is also considering doing a minor in mathematics. He has a keen interest in microelectronics. He is an expert in LT Spice, Matlab, networking and circuitry. His previous projects include heading a team in designing a self-heating coffee cup and as a partner in various assembly language program projects. He is currently working on various projects related to Real Time Embedded Systems. He is a team player; his experience from working on other projects will be really helpful during the course of this project.


9. Company Profile

IDENTEC Ltd. of the Greater Vancouver region in B.C., founded in 2013, is a diversified health and well-being company, engaged in improving people’s lives through timely innovations in dental technology. The Company focuses on technologies to find, develop and design hi-tech dental materials for providing optimal solutions and improving dentists’ operations from conventional procedures. IDENTEC aims to provide innovative new products that advance the practice of dentistry and serve as a vital design center and supplier for dental offices across Canada and the global market.

The IDENTEC team is composed of four Simon Fraser University engineering students, each with a variety of skillsets and specialties. To maximize the efficiency of the project, each member has been assigned duties and goals specific to their skillset during the development of the OraLite system. These goals provide a well-defined structure for each individual working on the project, and ensure that the project proceeds in a timely manner. Should a team member need help in any area of their work, the rest of the team is there to support them.

As a new Canadian company, IDENTEC takes pride in doing business ethically and holds high environmental standards for their products. The company strives to minimize the waste associated with manufacturing processes involved in producing the OraLite system, and the products are designed using environmentally friendly methods and materials.


10. Conclusion

IDENTEC is dedicated to the oral health of the general public. We have identified a very real problem in the dentistry world that requires a unique solution. Our technology will help dentists worldwide visually distinguish between white fillings and normal tooth material, removing a lot of guesswork from their daily procedures. This will cut down on the amount of healthy tooth removed from the patient, as well as eliminate the possibility of accidentally leaving parts of the old filling in the tooth.

Our technology will help preserve the natural structure of teeth thus prolonging their average lifetime and lowering the risk of further complications such as a root canal or crown. So far no such technology exists, making this project the first meaningful attempt to address the problem. It is a daunting task, but one the IDENTEC team feels well suited for.

The Gantt and the Milestone charts in the schedule section highlight the timeline for our project. Our project is completely feasible and fits the time frame. The budget is well within our range. Our proposed method is realistic and once developed our technology will work wonders.


11. References

[1] Canadian Dental Association, “Dental Health Services in Canada: Facts and Figures 1980-2012”, 2013 [2] A. Shenoy, Is it the end of the road for dental amalgam? A critical review. J. Conserv Dent. 2008 Jul-Sept; 11(3): 99-107 [3] R.L. Sakaguchi and J.M. Powers, Craig’s Restorative Dental Materials. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby, 2012. [4] S.K. Chandra, S.C. Chandra, G. Chandra, Textbook of Operative Dentistry, Jaypee Brothers Publishers, 2008 [5] J.P. Nieuwenhuysen and W. D'Hoore,J. Carvalho, V. Qvist. "Long-term evaluation of extensive restorations in permanent teeth". J Dent 31 (6): 395–405 [6] http://www.google.com/patents/US20050202372

http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0300571203000848

http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0300571203000848

http://www.google.com/patents/US20050202372

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