Enough of silly love songsHUM 3285: British and American

LiteratureSpring 2011Dr. Perdigao

February 11-14, 2011

Sketchy Cummings• http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/she-being-brand/

• http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/cummings/paintings.htm

E. E. Cummings (1894-1962)• Grew up in Cambridge, MA

• Went to Cambridge Latin and Harvard (B. A., 1915, M. A., 1916)

• Impressionism, post-impressionism, cubism, futurism

• “literary cubism” (Heath 1571)

• Ambulance Corps during war—Harry Crosby, Ernest Hemingway

• Interned at French prison camp for four months, suspicion of espionage

• The Enormous Room (1922)

• Returned home, drafted in army

• First book of poetry Tulips and Chimneys (1923)

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E. E. Cummings (1894-1962)• Guggenheim Fellowship (1951)

• Poems, 1923-1954 earned special citation from National Book Award Committee

• Ford Foundation grant (1959)

• Papers at Houghton Library, Harvard

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Sneaking in Tupac• http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2008/05/what-do-tupac-a.html

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F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)• Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald born September 24, 1896, in St. Paul, Minnesota

• Family moves to Buffalo, NY, in 1898 after furniture business fails; father a salesman with Proctor & Gamble; moves to Syracuse, NY in 1901; back to Buffalo in 1903

• Family moves back to St. Paul in 1908, F. Scott Fitzgerald enrolls in St. Paul Academy; first story published

• Enrolls in Newman School in Hackensack in 1911, writes and produces four plays and three stories

• Attends Princeton University in 1913; becomes involved in literary and dramatic activities; publishes stories, plays, and poems

• Leaves Princeton citing illness but actually poor grades, returns in 1916

• Joins army as second lieutenant in 1917, reporting to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas; starts work on novel

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F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)• Transferred to Kentucky in 1918; sends off manuscript to Charles Scribner’s Sons, publishers; stationed in Georgia,

Alabama; meets Zelda Sayre; Scribners rejects novel; revised; rejected; sent to NY awaiting overseas duty but war ends

• Engaged to Zelda in 1919; works at advertising agency; she breaks engagement; he moves to St. Paul; This Side of Paradise accepted by Scribners; magazine stories accepted

• 1920: Engaged again; married; live in CT; publishes This Side of Paradise and first short story collection

• Fitzgeralds in England, France, Italy in 1921; return to St. Paul; daughter Frances Scott (Scottie) is born

• The Beautiful and the Damned and Tales of the Jazz Age published in 1922; move to Long Island

• 1924: France; Zelda’s affair; Italy

• The Great Gatsby published in 1925; Paris apartment; meets Hemingway

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F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)• Move to Hollywood to write a screenplay for flapper film “Lipstick” in 1927; never produced

• Back to Europe; Paris, Italy, Riviera in 1928-1929

• Zelda’s nervous breakdown in 1930 sends her to Malmaison Clinic; Valmont Clinic in Switzerland, Prangins; Fitzgerald stays in Switzerland

• Returns to the US for father’s funeral in 1931; move back to Montgomery; works on screenplay for Jean Harlow

• 1932: Zelda’s health deteriorates; Phipps Clinic at Johns Hopkins

• 1933-4: Completes Tender is the Night; published; Zelda’s breakdown

• Fitzgerald becomes ill in 1935

• 1936: Zelda hospitalized; mother dies

• 1937: Six-month contract from MGM

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F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)• 1939: Fired from new film due to drinking; works as freelance scriptwriter; starts new

novel about Hollywood

• Zelda released from hospital; Fitzgerald dies of heart attack on December 21, 1940; buried in Maryland

• Zelda reenters hospital in 1947, dies in fire on March 10, 1948

• 1975: F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda reburied in Maryland; 1986 daughter Scottie buried with them

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Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)• Born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois

• Michigan in youth, summers at cabin with family

• Newspaper reporter for Kansas City Star, journalistic style

• Experience in World War I—wanted to enlist, father forbade, poor eyesight—then volunteers as ambulance driver for the American Red Cross, ambulance unit in Italy, 1918, Austrian shells hit, injured, shrapnel, shot, recovered in Milan

• Started writing short stories when home; rather than “get a job” or go to college, at parents’ urging, submits stories to Saturday Evening Post, got work at Toronto Star

• Marries Hadley Richardson, moves to Paris in the twenties; meets Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Dos Passos

• 1925 collection In Our Time, followed by The Sun Also Rises (1926)

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Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)• Marries Pauline Pfeiffer; while she is pregnant, writing A Farewell to Arms in Paris, but is forced to return to the US in

1928; moves to Key West (lives there for 12 years), writes final draft there; learns of father’s death in the same year, suicide, due to failing health (diabetes, angina, headaches) and failed real estate endeavor in Florida

• Spends time between falls in Wyoming, winters in Key West, summers in France and Spain

• 1932—publishes book about bullfighting Death in the Afternoon

• In a 1933 short story collection, “After the Storm” focuses on Spanish passenger liner lost at sea

• During Depression, in 1931, buys Key West house at 907 Whitehead Street with money from film rights to A Farewell to Arms; goes on African safari; buys boat for deep-sea fishing upon return in Keys

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Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)• Depression-era life worked into two stories, become part of To Have and Have Not (1937), only novel set in the United States, in

Key West

• 1935 Green Hills of Africa, nonfictional account of safari

• 1937, travels to Spain as correspondent during the Spanish Civil War, meets Martha Gellhorn, supported Loyalists, as anti-fascists (not Communist sympathizer)

• Separates from Pauline; away from Key West; lives in Cuba with Martha, then, because of tumultuous weather, seeks respite in Idaho

• For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)

• Splits with Martha; meets Mary Welsh; married in 1946; after war, receives Bronze star for work as correspondent

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Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)• Across the River is only publication between 1940-1950; bad reviews

• Creates stories about the sea, become Islands in the Stream, published in 1970

• Story about Cuba, leads to The Old Man and the Sea, finished in 6 weeks; written in 1951; published in 1953; mother dies; publisher Charles Scribner dies; ex-wife Pauline dies after quarrel

• Appears in Life magazine; more than 6 million copies sold overnight

• Safari with Mary after publication; after Spanish bullfights, two plane crashes, Hemingways reported dead, read own obituaries

• 1953 awarded Pulitzer Prize

• Returns home to Cuba in 1954; writing new account of safari; learns won Nobel Prize

• Film Old Man and the Sea released 1958; between 1957-8, work on A Moveable Feast (published posthumously), about Paris, nostalgia and regret

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Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)• When away in Idaho, revolution in Cuba; fear of losing all possessions; buys home in Idaho; travels to Spain; writing story

about competing matadors; shows signs of mental illness; cannot cut down manuscript; later published as The Dangerous Summer

• Returns to Cuba for the last time in 1960

• Mary goes to NY, Ernest to Spain; shows signs of memory loss, paranoia, insomnia, depression; sent to NY; paranoia about FBI following him; is hospitalized—diagnosed with diabetes, cirrhosis, depression, resulting in electroshock therapy

• Cannot write; tries to reorder A Moveable Feast

• Mary finds him with shotgun; gets him readmitted to Mayo clinic; when packing loads shotgun, tries to walk into propellers of plane; more shock treatments; is released

• After two nights home, goes to basement, Sunday, July 2, 1961; gets gun; shoots himself in foyer

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