Enlargement and the ERAInfrastructures and Networks

The CERN experience

Luciano Maiani, CERN 28 June 2001

Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche NucleaireEuropean Laboratory for Particle Physics CERN

Member States (2001)

Distribution of CERN users, May 1, 2001

34

92

41

P, low energy

Nuclear physics

P, high energy

P-P, very high energy

Cold anti-P

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 3

•Strongly based in universities•20 members, ~270 institutes, ~4600 users•LHC is 2000 MEuro of high-tech orders over a decade - many placed by universities. •Studentships, fellowships, etc. Annual throughput of ~400 engineers and ~500 physicists

CERN’s network

Large Hadron Collider : a Global project with mostly (≈80%) Regional support Community > 5000 physicists world-wide

The CERN network in Europe

…and in the World

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 4

Outline Integration of Candidate Countries into the

research community Helping Candidate Countries Research based on excellence Mobility of researchers

Infrastructure - beyond the EU candidate countries The win-win situation Making use of other Organisations Integration Access

Helping the enlargement process Computer networking Grids

EIROFORUM Conclusions

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 5

q Helping candidate countries CERN experience: CZ, H, PL, SK members

since early 1990s- BG more recently; also long standing collaboration with Russia and other former URSS countries.

Treat all countries as far as possible on an equal footing

Try to minimise MS/NMS barriers, without upsetting your MS! (one country-one vote in Council, but qualified majority in Finance Committee)

Researchers in these countries (and their governments) have to take the decisions. We can only advise and help.

Visiting the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Dubna, in 1963. From left to right: CERN Director-General V. Weisskopf, Professor V. P. Dzhelepov, and Academician B. M. Pontecorvo, a colleague of the Italian scientist E. Fermi.

1.Integration of Candidate Countries into the research community

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 6

Research based on excellence

Excellence assessed by independent peer review

Research knows no borders Have to integrate candidate countries into

world-class research These countries have a lot to offer We are very happy with the results: a great

addition of intellectual and material resources ! !

Barrel Yoke (CMS) from Czeck Republic

Industrial Exibition: Poland @ CERN, 2000

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 7

Mobility

Getting the new researchers to the infrastructure Getting the staff of the lab to the new nations Schools

The Joint CERN-Dubna School

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 8

2. Infrastructure - beyond the EU candidate countriesThe win-win situation

Excellent researchers are not limited to EU-15 countries, nor even to greater Europe

People often very well-educated and highly motivated If we can find the right specialities, everyone can become a

major winner Raw materials, heavy engineering, assembly of one-off sub-

detectors, software components, are all things that can be spread around imaginatively…..

The LHC dipole n. 360 from Novosibirsk

CMS feet from Pakistan

LHC corrector magnet from India

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 9

Making use of other Organisations

Many good researchers live in countries with economies which are much less developed than those of the EU candidate countries

Even if not topic of this meeting, we should not forget them

CERN has good experience with ISTC and INTAS - thanks to EU (among others)

Also NATO and Soros play some important roles, especially for computer networking

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 10

Integration

We must be open to these countries, tear down any administrative barriers

Encourage them to send students Run summer schools in new countries Be willing to select their nationals for post-

grad and post-doc positions Look for funding for all of this CERN candidate membership

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 11

Institutes participating to CMS

Access

It may be tempting to make “ access to large facilities ” dependent on “membership”, but particle physicists has been able to follow a different approach

Experiments running on our facilities tend to be based on very large (50-2000 person) collaborations

This allows people from economically weaker countries to join with those from stronger regions

So we tend not to look at the passport of the people making proposals

But (in general) we expect people who have not funded the lab infrastructure to contribute more than their “fair share” to the cost of the experiment

But the contribution can take many forms, such as assembly effort, software, … Look for the “win-win”.

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 12

3. Helping the Enlargement Process

q Computer networking as basic research infrastructure

You need up-to-date information to be a world-class researcher

Today you (mainly) get that info mainly through your terminal (plus phone, video-meetings, and conferences)

Surest way for candidate countries to lose their best brains is to give them poor connectivity

Triple requirement - Campus, National Network, International Connectivity

GEANT (get a map) is the EU production network TERENA is the NREN association Make sure that you support them both

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 13

System Users

IntelligentInterface

Middleware

Cluster OperatingSystem

Supercomputing,High Throughput

Computing

Networking

MassStorage

Next step beyond the Web is the Grid

To share computing resources - including processing power, data and information

CERN and EIROforum active here

DataGrid, hopefully also CrossGrid (heavy CERN candidate country representation) and DataTAG Plus strong national efforts in several countries - USA has Globus, GriPhyN and PPDG, UK has GridPP and major e-Science efforts. Also F, I, NL, ….

(from Dr. John Taylor)

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 14

4. EIROforum

DGs of major European Intergovernmental Research Organisations, which are the focus of their own extensive networks of scientists

CERN (particle physics), EFDA (fusion), EMBL (molecular biology), ESA (space actvities), ESO (astronomy and astrophysics), ESRF (synchrotron radiation) and ILL (neutron source)

Aims ==> (next slide) Present chair: Catherine Cezarksy / ESO Annual rotation - will pass to CERN in July 2001 Next meeting - October 24

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 15

EIROforum aims

Encourage discussions among EIROforum members on issues of common interest

Maximise return and optimise resources by sharing developments and results

Coordinate outreach, including TT and public education Collaborate, with other European scientific

organisations, in taking a forward look at promising and/or developing research directions and priorities, in particular in relation to new large-scale research infrastructures

Simplify high-level interactions with the European Commission

Coordinate representation to the outside world (public, govts, non-European countries, ….)

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 16

5. Conclusions

Good integration of EU-candidate countries requires taking care of many details

EIROforum members have some experience in this field, and it has been encouraging

CERN experience shows that some imagination and flexibility pays off well for all parties

28/06/2001 L. Maiani. Enlarging the ERA 17

Some useful URLs

www.cern.ch www.dante.org/geant www.terena.nl www.intas.be