ENL 121: Framing SourcesENL 121: Framing Sources

If the Cincinnati Reds were really the first major league baseball team, who did they play?

The reason I talk to myself is because I’m the only one whose answers I accept.

I put a dollar in a change machine. Nothing changed.

In America, anyone can become president. That’s the problem.

Just when I discovered the meaning of life, they changed it.

By and large, language is a tool for concealing the truth.

--George Carlin

ENL 121: Framing SourcesENL 121: Framing Sources

An educated person is one who An educated person is one who has learned that information almost has learned that information almost always turns out to be at best always turns out to be at best incomplete and very often false, incomplete and very often false, misleading, fictitious, mendaciousmisleading, fictitious, mendacious—just dead wrong.—just dead wrong.

Russell BakerRussell Baker

The Purpose of Voice MarkersThe Purpose of Voice Markers

The following is an example of a framed source:The following is an example of a framed source:

According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] comes to learn ‘how hard the world was comes to learn ‘how hard the world was going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does the reader who looks closely at Updike's the reader who looks closely at Updike's canny tale.” (2)canny tale.” (2)

There are two voice markers. What are they?

The Purpose of Voice MarkersThe Purpose of Voice Markers

According to Bruce Kellner,According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] “[Sammy] comes to learn ‘how hard the world was comes to learn ‘how hard the world was going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does the reader who looks closely at Updike's the reader who looks closely at Updike's canny tale.” (2)canny tale.” (2)

What is the purpose of the first voice marker?

The Purposes of Voice MarkersThe Purposes of Voice Markers

According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] comes to learn ‘how hard the world was comes to learn ‘how hard the world was going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does the reader who looks closely at Updike's the reader who looks closely at Updike's canny tale.” canny tale.” (2)(2)

The second voice marker has two purposes. What are they?

What Belongs in an In-text Citation?What Belongs in an In-text Citation?

According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] comes to learn ‘how hard the world was comes to learn ‘how hard the world was going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does the reader who looks closely at Updike's the reader who looks closely at Updike's canny tale.” (2)canny tale.” (2)

Why is Kellner’s name not included in the in-text citation? (What is the general rule for what goes in an in-text citation?)

Using Brackets within QuotationsUsing Brackets within Quotations

According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] comes to learn ‘how hard the world was comes to learn ‘how hard the world was going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does the reader who looks closely at Updike's the reader who looks closely at Updike's canny tale.” (2)canny tale.” (2)

Why is “Sammy” in brackets?

Additional Uses of Brackets within QuotationsAdditional Uses of Brackets within Quotations

Within quotations, brackets are used to Within quotations, brackets are used to show that you have changed something show that you have changed something within the quotation. It may be a word, as in within the quotation. It may be a word, as in the preceding slide, or it may be a change the preceding slide, or it may be a change from a capital letter to small or vice versa. from a capital letter to small or vice versa. Thus a capital “I” in the original may Thus a capital “I” in the original may become a small “[i]” in your quotation.become a small “[i]” in your quotation. The other primary use of brackets is The other primary use of brackets is “[sic].” Put this immediately after such “[sic].” Put this immediately after such things as a word that is misspelled or things as a word that is misspelled or something that does not make sense.something that does not make sense.

Single-Quotes within QuotationsSingle-Quotes within Quotations

According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] comes to learn ‘how hard the world was comes to learn ‘how hard the world was going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does the reader who looks closely at Updike's the reader who looks closely at Updike's canny tale.” (2)canny tale.” (2)

Why is there a single quote before “how” and after “hereafter”?

Three Periods within QuotationsThree Periods within Quotations

According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] comes to learn ‘how hard the world was comes to learn ‘how hard the world was going to be . . . hereafter.’ So, perhaps, going to be . . . hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does the reader who looks closely at does the reader who looks closely at Updike's canny tale.” (2)Updike's canny tale.” (2)

Why are there three periods between “be” and “hereafter”?

The Apparent Credibility of SourcesThe Apparent Credibility of Sources

According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] According to Bruce Kellner, “[Sammy] comes to learn ‘how hard the world was comes to learn ‘how hard the world was going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does the reader who looks closely at Updike's the reader who looks closely at Updike's canny tale.” (2)canny tale.” (2)

Does this source appear to be credible?

Adding a Credibility MarkerAdding a Credibility Marker

In his article “‘A&P’: Overview,”In his article “‘A&P’: Overview,” Bruce Kellner Bruce Kellner claims that “[Sammy] comes to learn ‘how hard claims that “[Sammy] comes to learn ‘how hard the world was going to be ... hereafter.’ So, the world was going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does the reader who looks closely at perhaps, does the reader who looks closely at Updike's canny tale.” (2)Updike's canny tale.” (2)

The Works Cited entry for this source is:

Kellner, Bruce. “‘A&P’: Overview." Reference Guide to Short Fiction. Ed. Noelle Watson. Detroit: St. James Press, 1994. Literature Resource Center. Web. 9 June 2012.

Adding MetacommentaryAdding Metacommentary

In his article “‘A&P’: Overview,” Bruce Kellner In his article “‘A&P’: Overview,” Bruce Kellner claims that “[Sammy] comes to learn ‘how hard claims that “[Sammy] comes to learn ‘how hard the world was going to be ... hereafter.’ So, the world was going to be ... hereafter.’ So, perhaps, does the reader who looks closely at perhaps, does the reader who looks closely at Updike's canny tale.” (2) Updike's canny tale.” (2) Like too many writers Like too many writers about the story, Kellner takes it too seriously.about the story, Kellner takes it too seriously.

Metacommentary is your comments about the source material that you have used.

More about MetacommentaryMore about Metacommentary

Metacommentary enables you to explain why you Metacommentary enables you to explain why you have used the source material. You might:have used the source material. You might:

1.1. Agree with the writer—and explain why,Agree with the writer—and explain why,

2.2. Disagree with the writer—and explain why,Disagree with the writer—and explain why,

3.3. Explain how the source material supports your Explain how the source material supports your thesis,thesis,

4.4. If your readers might not understand the If your readers might not understand the quoted material, paraphrase it so that they quoted material, paraphrase it so that they can.can.

Revise the following.Revise the following.In Julian West’s time at the turn of the 20th In Julian West’s time at the turn of the 20th

century, capitalists generally funded campaigns directly. century, capitalists generally funded campaigns directly. Passage of the Tillman Act in 1907 banned this Passage of the Tillman Act in 1907 banned this (Dunbar)(Dunbar). Campaign funding by labor unions was . Campaign funding by labor unions was banned in 1947 by the Taft-Hartley Act banned in 1947 by the Taft-Hartley Act (Dunbar)(Dunbar). Tillman . Tillman and Taft-Hartley were a good start all though weak and and Taft-Hartley were a good start all though weak and not easily enforced not easily enforced (Dunbar)(Dunbar). More comprehensive . More comprehensive legislation would come 24 years later via the Federal legislation would come 24 years later via the Federal Election Campaign Act Election Campaign Act (Dunbar)(Dunbar). Effectively closing . Effectively closing some of the loop holes and requiring more transparency some of the loop holes and requiring more transparency of campaign funders than the two previous bills of campaign funders than the two previous bills (Dunbar)(Dunbar). A portion of the Federal Election Campaign . A portion of the Federal Election Campaign Act was ruled unconstitutional this would eventually give Act was ruled unconstitutional this would eventually give way to a new generation of corporate election spending way to a new generation of corporate election spending (Dunbar)(Dunbar). .

EvaluationEvaluationPut your name on a half sheet of paper and answer the Put your name on a half sheet of paper and answer the

following: following:

1. How much of what was covered today did you 1. How much of what was covered today did you already know? already know?

2. Was the presentation worth the time it took? 2. Was the presentation worth the time it took?

3. What was the most important thing you learned? 3. What was the most important thing you learned?

4. What would you like to have seen covered in more 4. What would you like to have seen covered in more detail? detail?

5. What are the two purposes of an in-text citation?5. What are the two purposes of an in-text citation?

6. What purposes do brackets serve inside a quotation?6. What purposes do brackets serve inside a quotation?