Enhancing the Rice-Wheat Enhancing the Rice-Wheat System Productivity in the More System Productivity in the More

Marginal Areas of the Indo-Marginal Areas of the Indo-Gangetic Plains- Building on A Gangetic Plains- Building on A

Farmer Innovation in Water Farmer Innovation in Water Harvesting and Efficient Energy Harvesting and Efficient Energy

Management Management (TAG NO. 522-CIMMYT)(TAG NO. 522-CIMMYT)

A UN-IFAD ProjectA UN-IFAD Project

RCTs and

Micro Hydro TurboMicro Hydro TurboPump System Pump System

LAND WATER

INTEGRATIONINTEGRATION

Turbo pump systemTurbo pump system

Required capacity

pumps or alternators

Gear Box

Gear ratio (1:20-40)

Rotary M ode OfTurbine

Rpm (30 to 1500 rpm)

30-70 rpm

0-25 kW power

electricity

irrigation

Water flow

Sluice gate

Head of water

Milling flour

HistoryHistory•Vedic Age•From 4000BC till Date•Noriahs:Greek•Vitrovian wheels•Fuling mill: JohnPearson

Figure (undershot)Smearrn & Bossut -1759(nth experiment)To today's Mangal Water WheelHas undergone noMuch technological Advances even if Various scientificsystems haveReached optimal advances.

undershot

Why have these efforts not borne fruit in Indian Sub-continent?

Technical Feasibility….1

• Mind set : Village sites are remote & bound to be un-competitive – low productivity & quality – Maximum people socially illiterate,

suspicious of modern technology• No systematic efforts by technical

institutions to innovate technologies, management practices for decentralized production---limited expertise

• Technical education oriented towards organized sector alone

OUR PATH TO DEVELOPMENT

Developing Technically Successful Prototypes with satisfactory performance at lab unit

Further developing the RCT & Turbo prototypes

with satisfactory field trials

Preparation of Complete specifications for technology transfer

Identification of ProspectiveManufacturer & Workshop

Product development and production of sample prototypes

Promotion of Sample prototypes at application sites

System integration of energy conserving devices with various RCTs

Road Map for Promoting Energy Management

Integrating Hydro Power & RCTs

Step - 1

Step -2

Step - 3

Evolving commercial viability for appropriate rural Agriculture Systems

Dissemination – Training, enabling entrepreneur f inancing, Marketing support

Introduction of New Farming Method for Prof itability

Step – 4

Step-5

Step-6

Step-7

Step-8

Step-9

Step-10

Action Steps Responsibilities IIT/

Agro. Univ.

IIT D

CIMMYT

IITD

Manufac-

turer

Cimmyt

IITD

IIT D

Cimmyt

Cimmyt

Cimmyt

Cimmyt

Cimmyt

Start

Flow or head enough for required power

production

Yes

No

Require water storage and P E utilization?

Power can be produced

Start Turbine Design

`

Power requirement?

Select turbine speed as per power consuming device

No. of vanes to be kept odd

Material for manufacture according to availability: (best M, S material)

Design for assembly of the system; turbine, power transmission devices, pump or alternator as required

Install & stop

Specify flow rate and head

Calculate flow power

Procedure:Micro Hydro TurboSystem Design

Mangal Turbine (Old design)

(Farmers Version)New Turbine (Design I) (CIMMYT-

RWC-IIT Delhi)

Comparative Study of Original Design and that of R&D

Picture 1: With Dr BK Saha I A S Picture 2:With native Villagers

Place: River “SAJNAM” in Village Bhailoni Lodh,Lalitpur,Uttar Pradesh, India

Comparative Study of Original Design and that after R&D

Specifications Farmers Version Mangal turbine

New Design I Mangal Turbine

 Weight of turbine 1500 kg 350 kg

Outer diameter of wheel 4.0 m 1.26m

Wheel speed 13 RPM 70 RPM

No. Of blades 24 14

Head 1.5m 1.5m

Water consumption 1800 lit/sec 500 lit/sec

Flow turning angle 70o for Big blade49o for Small blade

110o

(One type blade only)Blade width Big blade = 670 mm

Small blade = 435 mm 380mm

Blade depth Big blade = 235mmSmall blade = 100 mm

100mm 

Gear box 3 stagesGear Ratio 1:125

2 stagesGear Ratio 1: 21.54

Material M.S. M.S.

Specific Speed 75 RPM 3771RPM

Pump discharge 22 lit/sec 22 lit/sec

Output power 6 KW 6 KW

Efficiency 22.7% 72%

Cost of wheelCost of gear box

80,000120,000

7,00014,000

$1800$2700 $320

$160

Turbo pump systemTurbo pump system

RAW-MATERIAL

PROCUREMENT-STORAGE PRODUCTSMARKETING

DAM STORAGESubsidisedmanufacture in workshop

ELECTRIC SupplyFLOUR MILLINGFISHERIES

ENERGY-PLANTATION- WASTE LAND AFORESTATIONReduction in GHG PRODUCTION

RURAL ENGG., TURBO m/c,RCTs WORKSHOPS

AD

MN

O

FF

ICE

STORAGE INTEGRATION REGULATION

POWER FERTILITY H20 SUPPLY

Zero Run-OffConcept of Water

HarvestingRCTs

POWER-HOUSE with EFFICIENT Consumables

Aforesta-tion+water table

Ferti-seed management

Soil up

gradation

turbopower

Services & Employment

ADMN. OFFICE

H R DResearchersProduction ManagersMarketing Personnel

Finance assistance

SERVICES

V.I.

Flour MillQuality seed

Electricity

F.P F.PF.P

Less Irrigation costs, Improved Quality and timing of Crop, Cut in C fuel usage, Electrification, Improved

Water Table, Optimal Ferti use, R & MECO-TECHNO UPLIFTED FARMERS IN IGP

Local hydro resources from surrounding villages/waste drains etc.

Local resources from surrounding villages

Conceptual Design & Layout towards Farm Profitability & Energy Management

Integrating RCTs and Hydro Power

Water shed

Micro HydroWater Wheel

HISTORY HISTORY

• The first reference to its use dates back to about 4000 B.C., where, in a poem by an early Greek writer, Antipater, it tells about the freedom from the toil of young women who operated small hand mills to grind corn.

• As early as the first century, waterwheels of the vertical design were replacing the horizontal waterwheel.

• An early horizontal-wheeled watermill used for grinding grain in Greece was the called Norse Mill. In Syria, the watermills were called "noriahs". They were used for running mills to process cotton into cloth.

• Of the three distinct types of water mills, – The simplest and probably the earliest was a vertical wheel with paddles

on which the force of the stream acted. – Next was the horizontal wheel used for driving a millstone through a

vertical shaft attached directly to the wheel. – Third was the geared mill driven by a vertical waterwheel with a

horizontal shaft

In Modern Times What do We Value the Most ?

Vitamin M MONEYWEALTH

This integrated technology that has got adopted & is the one

that has brought profits for the poor farmersIn remote IGP

Specification Farmer’s versionBhailoni Village

Lalitpur,UP

New Design I(Semera Village)

Lalitpur,UP

New Design II(KVK, Sonipat)

Haryana

Diameter in m 4 1.26 1.5

Head at site in m 1.5 1.5 1

Power developed 6kw 6kw 5kw

Water utilized to run 1800l/s 400l/s 450l/s

Pump discharge 22 l/s 22l/s 22l/s

efficiency 40%[t] 20%[p] 72%[t] 68%[p] 86%[t] 76%[p]

No. of blades 24 14 15

Principle impulse impulse impulse

Cost of wheel $1800 $160 $170

Cost of gear box $2700 $320 $400

Comparative study on development of Micro hydro water wheel