enhancing the digital public domain - with and without copyright reform
DESCRIPTION
Talk given at the conference "POST-ACTA: How to protect our digital freedom?", European Parliament, Brussels, June 07, 2012TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Enhancing the Digital Public Domain: With and Without Copyright Reform
Leonhard DobuschFreie Universität Berlin – School of Business & Economics
June 07, 2012
![Page 2: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Digital technology is not the problem.
We do have problems with copyrights
Addressing copyright problems
![Page 3: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Digital technology is not the problem.
![Page 4: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Anything that is in the world when you’re born is normal and ordinary and is just a natural part of the way the world works.
Anything that’s invented between when you’re fifteen and thirty-five is new and exciting and revolutionary and you can probably get a career in it.
Anything invented after you’re thirty-fiveis against the natural order of things.
“
”Douglas Adams: „The Salmon of Doubt“
![Page 5: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
A tuneless future is the writing on the wall. If today and tomorrow the music industry is not able to solve its economic problems, the day after tomorrow, in spite of all the super-technologies, there would be hardly any music left that could be copied.
“
”
![Page 6: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Taken from: DER SPIEGEL, 17/1977
![Page 7: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Anti-copyright infringement campaign by the British Phonographic Industry in 1980 Bild
: http
://en
.wik
iped
ia.o
rg/w
iki/F
ile:H
ome_
tapi
ng_i
s_ki
lling
_mus
ic.p
ng
![Page 8: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Video: Copy Kills Music
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJ5a4484NEo
![Page 9: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
+ 30%
+ 50%
+ 66%
Oberholzer-Gee/Strumpf (2010): File-Sharing and Copyright, Online: http://musicbusinessresearch.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/paper-felix-oberholzer-gee.pdf
New feature films per year (2003-2007)
New music albums per year (2000-2007)
New books per year (2002-2007)
![Page 10: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Bild: http://www.techdirt.com/skyisrising/
![Page 11: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
UK Musikindustrie, Quelle: Times Online, http://bit.ly/4v8pKl
Labels
Collecting societies
Artists
live revenue
record sales/downloads
(record sales/downloads)
![Page 12: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
We do have problems with copyrights
![Page 13: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Kretschmer/Hardwick (2007): Authors‘ Earnings from Copyright and Non-Copyright Sources: A Survey of 25,000 British and German Writers, Online: http://www.cippm.org.uk/alcs_study.html
Make a living with writing?
Professional writers (>50% of time to writing) in UK and Germany
40%
60%
Could live from writing aloneNeed another job to survive
![Page 14: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Kretschmer/Hardwick (2007): Authors‘ Earnings from Copyright and Non-Copyright Sources: A Survey of 25,000 British and German Writers, Online: http://www.cippm.org.uk/alcs_study.html
0
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,00
ALCS/VG Wort Writing income Total income of writers All employees
0,31
0,43
0,52
0,67
0,33
0,47
0,63
0,78UKGermany
Unequal distribution of income(1 = one person earns everything)
Equal distribution of income(0 = all earn the same)
Importance of copyright for income
![Page 15: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
[T]he more copyright related the income stream, the more extreme is the distribution of income.
A small number of very high earners earn a disproportionate share of total income.
“
”Kretschmer/Hardwick (2007): Authors‘ Earnings from Copyright and Non-Copyright Sources: A Survey of 25,000 British and German Writers, Online: http://www.cippm.org.uk/alcs_study.html, p. 64
![Page 16: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Problems beyond distribution and
income?
![Page 17: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1970s: Violate copyrights!
2000s: Don‘t violate copyrights!
![Page 18: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Example: Transformative Consumption
![Page 19: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Im Hintergrund: Prince - Let‘s Go Crazy
Transformative Werknutzung
Video: Holden Lenz Dancing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1KfJHFWlhQ
![Page 20: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Example: Amateur Art
![Page 22: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Video: O Fortuna Misheard Lyrics
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIwrgAnx6Q8
![Page 23: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
>70 Millionen Views auf YouTube
Song „Forever“ von Chris Brown:Durch Video Wiedereinstieg in die Charts
Video: JK‘s Wedding Entrance Dance
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-94JhLEiN0
![Page 24: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Example: Orphan Works
![Page 26: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Bild: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_book_-_Basking_Ridge_Historical_Society_(1).jpg
After ten years the huge majority of works is no longer commercially exploitable.
100% of works are still protected by copyright for decades to come.
![Page 27: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Missing 20th Century
New Books from Amazon by Decade (Random sample of 2.500 books)
Quelle:http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/03/the-missing-20th-century-how-copyright-protection-makes-books-vanish/255282/
![Page 28: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Bild: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ektachrome-_and_Bell_%26_Howell-brand_film_reel_canisters.jpg
Orphan (documentary) filmsrot in archives.
![Page 29: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Addressing copyright problems
![Page 30: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
(1) Copyright Reform
![Page 31: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
„Fair Use“
USA: remix & transformative consumption are mostly legal
![Page 32: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Europe: list of exceptions and limitations
Open up this list!
![Page 33: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Work register
on the European level
Bild: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Schlagwortkatalog.jpg
with a use-it-or-lose-it-clause
![Page 34: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
(2) Without Copyright Reform
![Page 35: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Support & Demand
![Page 36: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
©All rights reserved Some rights reserved
Copyright Creative Commons
![Page 37: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Attribution ShareAlike NonCommercial No Derivatives
CREATIVE COMMONS
Share & remix without asking
![Page 38: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Support:
New guidelines for (cultural) subsidies
+10% CC Bonus
![Page 41: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Support:
New business models
Funding in 2012: $ 150 million
![Page 42: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Demand:
Open Access in Science
![Page 43: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Demand:
Open Educational Resources
![Page 44: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Open Access
Open Licenses
Open Formats
![Page 45: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
“Imagine a world in which every single human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge.”
![Page 46: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
§ Aigrain (2012): Sharing: Culture and the Economy in the Internet Age. Amsterdam University Press, online: http://www.sharing-thebook.com § Dobusch (2010): Bad for Artists? On Digitization, Remuneration and Copyright, online: http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2011-07-01-dobusch-en.html
§ Benkler (2006): The Wealth of Networks. Yale University Press, online: http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf
§ Lessig (2003): Free Culture. Penguin, online: http://www.free-culture.cc/freeculture.pdf
Further Reading (Online & Offline):
![Page 47: Enhancing the Digital Public Domain - With and Without Copyright Reform](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081404/557bf6ead8b42ab9388b4759/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Contact details
E-Mail: [email protected]
Twitter:@leonidobusch
Homepages:http://bit.ly/FU-Dobusch (Freie Universität Berlin)http://www.dobusch.net
Blog:http://www.governancexborders.com