enhancing community resilience in bugesera, gwp eastern africa
TRANSCRIPT
Enhancing community resilience in Lake Cyohoha Catchment, Bugesera Region (Burundi/Rwanda)
Prepared for presentation during the WACDEP Global Technical Coordination Workshop-Tuesday 24 June 2014
by Patrick SAFARI ,
Regional Coordinator, GWP Eastern Africa
Outline1. Background2. The process3. Learning points 4. Summary
WP1: Kagera Basin-LVBC/E
AC
Burundi and RwandaWP2: National PlansWP3: Investment strategies WP4: Investment projects
WP5: Bugesera region:
L. Cyohoha catchment-demo.
WP6&7: K and CB (community management, local adaptation, participatory processes)
WP8: Partnership Building /water governance (CWPs, Catchment, community)
1. Background: Water, Climate and Development Program (WACDEP)in EnA Region
2.1.The Process: Identifying challenges: Why interventions?
Water pollution
Encroaching lake shore/ wetlands
Poor agricultural practices, over grazing
Poor access to water supply
Water scarcity
Shortage of fuel wood
Deforestation/ soil erosion
Poverty
High Population growth
Poor community structures
Poor access to social services and infrastructure
Seasonal Drought, floods
Burundi
Rwanda
0 25 50 75 10012.5
Kilometers
µ
Legend
Country Boundary
Lake Cyohoha
CatchmentLegend
Cyohoha catchment
Countries 0 3 6 9 121.5
Kilometers
·
Burundi
Rwanda
508 km2
369 km2 in Bu
139 km2in Rw
lake is like a river of 27 km long and 0.5 to 2 km wide. It branches up to 9 km longThe lake Cyohoha is separated from the river Akanyaru by a broadband swamps.
2.2.The Process: Detail Situational Analysis-aDefining hydrological boundary as a unit of analysis, planning and management: L. Cyohoha catchment:
Hydrologist/Hydrogeologist, Environmentalist/ watershed management expert/ forester/ wetland ecologist, Agriculture expert, Socio-economist, Gender Expert, GIS Expert
Multi-disciplinary and multi-sectoral approach
Bu-Rw Team for Situational Analysis in L. Cyohoha catchment
2.2.The Process: Detail Situational Analysis-bTechnical Analysis by Joint (Bu-Rw) Team of Experts
Hydro-climatic and environmental data – Climate –temperature, rainfall– Hydrology: surface water, groundwater?, water uses (abstraction for
drinking, irrigation), – Topography-slope classes– Land use/land cover– Soils
Socio-economic data– Population, human settlement, Gender – Social services-health, water supply, education, market, energy use– Infrastructre-road, telephone, electricity, communication, bank – Economic activities, Employment-agri– Institutions-farmers’ organizations
2.2.The Process: Detail Situational Analysis-bTechnical Analysis by Joint (Bu-Rw) Team of Experts
Participatory process during situational analysis• history of drought/flood hazards, changes in rainfall seasons, • local knowledge systems, local coping mechanisms, community
structures • Source of household energy, accessing it and challenges
2.2.The Process: Detail Situational Analysis-cAwareness raising, sensitization, participatory analysis
Frequent drought/flood hazards, changes in rainfall seasons,
A. Environmental degradation: Differences in enforcing policies/laws affecting shared systems, Weak community structures/capacities
2.2.The Process: Detail Situational Analysis-dAnalyzing problems/challenges and hot spots
• Drought and flood prone areas• conflicts over use of resources• water scarcity• Lack of fuel wood
• degraded catchments• Erosion, deforestation
degraded wetlands Pollution
3. Poor access to safe drinking water
2.2.The Process: Detail Situational Analysis-dAnalyzing problems/challenges and hot spots
2. Traditional cookers and lack of fuelwood
2.3.The Process: prioritizing interventions/–based on the situational analysis, joint review and consultations with stakeholders
Lesson 1: Participatory process: understanding the community needs
The approach should be integrated, participatory and owned by communities: Integrated within a hydrological boundary Integrated to satisfy communities’ multiple needs-water as entry point Integrated to the local government development plans Participation and ownership by communities & other stakeholders ….sustainability
3. Learning Points
Lesson 2: establish/ strengthen partnership for implementation frameworks
Summary of priority interventions-1
Priority Interventions Mechanism for implementation
Water: Extending water supply systems to communities
Work with partners-Utility, local governmentPrivate suppliers/contactors
Energy: Introduce improved cooker stoves, biogas
Work with partners-CONCERNCommunity groups/associations (Women groups)Private suppliers/contractors
Food security: new agronomic practices
Work with partners-Local Govt. office Community groups/associations
Environment: Lake Cyohoha buffer zone protection, Upper catchment protection
Work with partners-RENGOF,Community Associations, Youth Group
Priority Interventions Mechanism for implementation
Strengthen/establish Community structures for managing/producing:• water points• improved cook stoves• seedlings, • Parts of the catchment: buffer zone, sub-catchment• L.Cyohoha catchment• Stakeholders’ platforms
Work with partners-Local Govt., NGOs, Community Groups/Associations, Private suppliers/contractors
Awareness raising, CB, training on:• Challenges: environmental degradation, climate
change, water scarcity, energy security• Water and other NR management: importance,
ownership and participation• Community structures• New approaches, methods, technologies,
management
Work with partners-Local Govt., NGOs, Community Groups/Associations, Private suppliers/contractors
Summary of priority interventions-2
Priority Interventions Mechanism for implementation
Strengthen information systems• Baseline and updated state of the
environment/NRs• Community M&E systems• Local early warning systems• Community exchange programs-
community-to-community learning
Work with partners-Local Govt., NGOs, Community Groups/Associations, Private suppliers/contractors
Developing L. Cyohoha catchment integrated management plan
Summary of priority interventions-3
KAMPEKATUNDA
BURENGE
BIHARAGU
NYAKAYAGA
Kiri
Rugasa
Kigoma
Gitwe
Kiyonza
Nyamabuye
Rubuga
Kigina
Nyakarama
Gaturanda
Nyabikenke
30°10'0"E
30°10'0"E
30°5'0"E
30°5'0"E
30°0'0"E
30°0'0"E
2°20'0"S 2°20'0"S
2°25'0"S 2°25'0"S
2°30'0"S 2°30'0"S
2°35'0"S 2°35'0"S
·
0 2.5 5 7.5 101.25
Kilometers
Legend
Lake CyohohaCyohoha CatchmentPrioritized Intervention Area (Burundi)Prioritized Intervention Area (Rwanda)Country Boundary
Rwanda
Burundi
Lake Cyohoha
Lake Cyohoha catchment-priority areas and interventions
• Watershed management
• Rainwater harvesting
• Buffer zone management
• Biogas• Improved cook-
stoves• Water supply
Biogas
Water supply
Buffer zone management
Interventions at community level should:
• Consider the local context, challenges and priorities (communities and ecosystems).
• Use both modern (hydro-climatic) information and local knowledge
• linked and contribute to socio-economic needs of communities
• Contribute to strengthening Community structures and building their capacities
Lesson 3: Participatory process: addressing the the community needs
Lesson 4: engaging local media for raising community
Training and informing media to inform the public
Lesson 5: Linking policy with practices
Differences in enforcement of national environmental laws resulted in differences in the level of degradation of the same system-L.Cyohoha Catchment
Lesson 6 : Political support and buy-in
Political support for WACDEP during WACDEP Coordination meeting in Kigali
Buy-in and appreciation of WACDEP by Nile TAC-COM Meeting in Kharthoum on 19-20 June 2014
Summary of major challengesN challenges Actions taken
1 Managing expectations:• Policy/practices• National/local level• High expectations by communities
and local government for quick investments on the ground
Using demonstrations to influence both policy & practices
2 Differences in national policies and their enforcements
Facilitate experience sharing to influence law enforcement
3 Unilateral thinking vs. trans boundary nature of the systems
More stakeholders' consultation, awareness raising
4 Engaging stakeholders in WACDEP activities (key sectors), including political buy-in
workshops, bilateral meetings and providing WACDEP awareness packages
designating focal points for WACDEP in respective key sectors
• Investing in WRM (at community level) is an important adaptation strategy
• WACDEP is supporting demonstration of interventions for water security and climate resilience at community level, and the on-going processes are providing some lessons
• There is a need to develop bigger investment projects based on demonstrations for scaling-up beyond the target communities
• Future programs may consider the lessons from on-going processes and experiences
3. Summary/Conclusion
WRM approach : recommended as a tool for building resilience to climate change in Lake Cyohoha Catchment
Stakeholders participation
Water Allocation
Pollution Control
Information Management
systems
Financial Mechanism Flood & Drought
Management systems
Basin Planning
Monitoring mechanism
INTEGRATED WATER and NATURAL
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN LAKE CYOHOHA
CATCHMENT
THANK YOU!