enhancing community centred governance in climate change ... · enhancing community centred...
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Enhancing Community Centred Governance in
Climate Change affected coastal areas
Authors: Mr. R. Suresh [email protected] Ms. Prarthana Rao [email protected] Mr. Pavan Srinath [email protected] Mr. J. Jangal [email protected]
Climate Change as if people mattered!
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INTRODUCTION
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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
FOCUS
- To develop an instrument which facilitates citizen participation to protect their livelihoods from climate change and other threats.
- Develop mechanisms whereby communities can meaningfully engage with governance structures and sustainably participate in local environmental & livelihood management
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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
CCSC
Environment & Climate
Change
Governance Livelihood
ENHANCING CITIZEN VOICES IN ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PILOT EXERCISE IN GULF OF MANNAR, INDIA
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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
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Climate change score card is a knowledge product that connects people’s experience with scientific evidence to promote meaningful engagement with governance processes and their managers
Climate Change – As if People Mattered!
Climate Change Livelihoods Governance
Participatory Rural Appraisal
- Livelihood Matrix - Climate change Matrix - Governance Matrix
Review of Policies and regulations
Climate Change Score Card (CCSC)
Policy Discussions at the District Level
Policy Discussions at the State/ National Level
Policy Reform
ISSUES
METHODOLOGY
OUTPUT
OUTCOME
COM
MU
NIT
Y LE
VEL
POLI
CY L
EVEL
PROJECT AREA AT A GLANCE 2 Districts – Ramanathapuram & Tuticorin 117 Villages – 15 villages chosen by Stratified Random Sampling technique Main livelihoods – Fishing, Palmyrah Tapping
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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
CLIMATE CHANGE SCORE CARD
• Climate Change Score Card is an adaptation of the popular tool “Community Score Card”
• To create platforms for dialogue between communities and governments
• Inputs: Scoping exercises, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) exercises, climate data analyses, study of local livelihood governance
• Scoring: by communities based on indicators • Interface Meeting: bringing together all
stakeholders at the district level • Policy Discourse : at provincial and state levels Knowledge Creation | Empowerment | Constructive Engagement
PEER LEARNING
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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
SAMPLE COVERAGE
• Two Districts – Ramanathapuram and Thoothukudi • 15 out of 117 villages selected based on stratified
random sampling • 750 members from the communities across the
villages participated in the PRA activities • 55 villagers attended the district level meetings • 15 Government officials from 5 line departments
attended the unconferences • 425 participants in the scorecard exercise; 25
villagers representing different sections of the society per village
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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
In parallel….. • Regulations analysis ▫ A research study by Centre for Development Finance,
Chennai, on key regulations and policies that have implications on coastal ecosystems and human systems and consequently on livelihoods of coastal communities in the Gulf of Mannar region
• Climate data analysis ▫ looked at the patterns of rainfall and temperature for the
region. • Mapping of activities on the coast that have an environmental
implication using GPS • Sensitisation of public service providers (Government agencies,
Banks, Research institutes etc) and other stakeholders through workshops
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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
CLIMATE CHANGE IN GULF OF MANNAR
• Rapidly rising temperatures
• High uncertainty in seasons, in predictability of weather.
•Only rare livelihoods like palmyrah are resilient.
An interesting finding is that the number of rainy days during the palmyrah season (Mar-Sep) is reducing steadily in the region. The number is going down by roughly 0.9 rainy days per decade (99% confidence level).
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Social Map; Resource Map; Livelihood matrix; Seasonality diagram; Climate Change Matrix; Venn diagram; Problem Tree
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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
OUTPUTS OF PRAs 1960-70 1970-80 1980-1990 2004-2009 2019
Fish catch 500 kgs 500 kgs 300 kgs fish 50kgs of prawns
•100 kgs •30kgs prawns
•20kgs of fish •No prawns
No. of fishers 550 550 400 350 Children will look for alternatives
Beach land 50mts 35 mts 15mts 5 mts - 15mts Problems in Fishing
Only natural disturbances
Middlemen, Conflict between trawlers and artisnal fishers
Forest department, conflicts, Cross Border Problem
Forest dept., Cross Border Problem, Coast guards problems, Sedu canal project, CMZ etc
The fishers will be displaced.
Findings from PRA conducted by PAD in Kadaladi Block, Ramanathapuram
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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
REGULATIONS AND POLICY… • A range of socio-ecological issues are
complexly intertwined in the Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve.
• Efforts to secure the biodiversity of the area are mounting
• Fishermen view the sea and its resources as a means and right to life and livelihood
• The state views the resource and the biodiversity as an entity for protection.
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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
FISHERIES SCORE CARD
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Sl. No Indicator Aspects Aggregated Score
1 Design and Implementation of Schemes
1.1 Welfare Schemes Awareness 6
Process 4
Benefits 4
1.2 Relief Schemes Awareness 5
Process 3
Benefits 3
1.3 Training and Capacity Development Awareness 1
Process 1
Benefits 2
1.4 Technical and Technological Support Awareness 7
Process 3
Benefits 4 2 Responsiveness of the agency 2
3 Grievance Redressal 2
4 Promotion of Alternate livelihoods 0
5 Uncertainty & Bad year Preparedness 2
Total Score (out of 100) 49 UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy
Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
PALMYRAH SCORE CARD 15
Sl. No Indicator Aspects Aggregated Score
1 Design and Implementation of Schemes 1.1 Welfare Schemes Awareness 2
Process 2
Benefits 3
1.2 Relief Schemes Awareness 2
Process 0
Benefits 3 1.3 Training and Capacity Development Awareness 1
Process 1
Benefits 0
1.4 Technical and Technological Support Awareness 5
Process 1
Benefits 3
2 Responsiveness of the agency 1
3 Grievance Redressal 0
4 Promotion of Alternate livelihoods 1
5 Uncertainty & Bad year Preparedness 1
Total Score (out of 100) 27
UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
SCORING BY COMMUNITIES…..
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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
PREPARING BOTH SIDES TO DIALOGUE….. • Sensitisation workshops at District level • Informal meetings to update the status of
project work • Media outreach • PRA exercises • Monthly meetings of PAD team with the
community members, federation reps. etc
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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
Thasildar & Assistant Director, Fisheries
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Forest Department Representative
Fish worker Union Representative UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy
Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
IT IS NOT THE NUMBERS…… BUT THE PROCESS
• Creates spaces for dialogue • Knowledge generated empowers people to
demand for better governance • Helps understand both sides of the coin… • Brings various stakeholders together for a
common cause • Sharing of responsibilities and knowledge
for larger good • Demystifies science and relates it to
common wisdom
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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
WAY FORWARD
• Continue such interactions at regular intervals
• Create a collective of these representatives to take the issues at appropriate levels of governance for policy dialogue
• Renew scientific knowledge base regularly • Replicate the exercise in other villages to
build such knowledge and dialogue platforms
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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
THANK YOU
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www.pacindia.org [email protected]
UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012