enhanced network selection and handover schema …
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Journal of ISMAC (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01 Pages: 160-171
http://irojournals.com/iroismac/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.3.003
160 ISSN: 2582-1369 (online)
ENHANCED NETWORK SELECTION AND HANDOVER SCHEMA FOR
HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS NETWORKS
Dr. M. Durai Pandian,
Professor, Department of CSE,
Vivekanandha College of Technology for Women, India.
Email id: [email protected]
Abstract: The seamless communication between the devices of the heterogeneous wireless networks still remains as a challenge
due to the delay incurred, the cost difference and the bandwidth variations.so it becomes necessary for a perfect management of
the hand over and the selection of the network to provide a continuous conveyance in the broadcasting or the sharing of the
information’s. So the paper initiates an enhanced network selection and a vertical hand over schema that is context aware and
based on the user preference utilizing the grey relational analysis integrated with the particle swarm optimization. The
performance analysis of the proposed method of vertical handover evinces the perfect network selection that enables a
continuous connection for the heterogeneous networks and shows an enhanced throughput and latency in handover compared to
the other methods like TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) and SAW(simple additive
weighting).
Keywords: Vertical handover, Heterogeneous wireless networks, Grey rational analysis, Particle swarm optimization, Network
selection
INTRODUCTION
The wireless networks are unlike wired network that provide cables for connecting of devices and establishing
communication between them, the wireless network uses the radio waves to provide communication between the
devices and enable them to be connected using the wireless data connections. The wireless networks enable cost
effective communication to a longer distance eluding the confusions that could be created when forming connections
between the devices using the cables. The continuous reforms and the progress in the development of the metal –
oxide silicon semiconductor transistor led to the emerging of the digital wireless networks and the further reforms in
the wireless networks made possible the developments of the base stations modules, telecommunications circuits
etc. and the networks such as the 2G, 3G and the 4G and the upcoming 5G networks. Some of the well-known
wireless networks that we come across in our daily lives are cellular network, wireless local area network, wireless
Journal of ISMAC (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01 Pages: 160-171
http://irojournals.com/iroismac/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.3.003
161 ISSN: 2582-1369 (online)
sensor networks, satellite communication and microwave network that are terrestrial. The fig.1 below shows the
different types of the networks and the common types of networks available.
Fig .1 Wireless Networks
Though seeming to be efficient the wireless network endure certain difficulties due to the interference, absorption
and reflection, multipath fading and the hidden node problem shared resource problem etc. so this necessitates for
the perfect network selection that would provide with an optimal way of data transfer. Usually they arise as a very
big problem that is difficult to solve in the cases of the wireless networks that are heterogeneous as the connections
are established with devices that are enabled with a different operating systems and the protocols.
The next issue that arises in the wireless network is the handing- over complexities. The heterogeneous wireless
networks does not face much problems in the horizontal hand offs as such that are faced in the homogenous
networks. But the heterogeneous networks face difficulties in the vertical handover as they can be proceeded
Journal of ISMAC (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01 Pages: 160-171
http://irojournals.com/iroismac/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.3.003
162 ISSN: 2582-1369 (online)
according to the users wish and their comfort. The main issues that are to be considered in the vertical handover are
the seamless connection and the automatic network switching [6]. The fig.2 states the metrics and the decision
making strategies that are for the vertical hand over.
Fig.2. Hand over decision making and the Metrics involved
So he hand over becomes a necessary requirement for the wireless network that are heterogeneous, to enhance the
quality of the service for the seamless connections [9].
So the paper proceeds with a proper enhanced vertical handover techniques followed by an optimal network
selection to improve the communication providing a seamless connection and the automatic hand over.
The paper organization proceeds with the 2 detailing the related works, 3 providing the proposed work , 4 providing
the performance analysis of the proposed work and 5 presenting the summary of the work done as a conclusion.
RELATED WORKS
Journal of ISMAC (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01 Pages: 160-171
http://irojournals.com/iroismac/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.3.003
163 ISSN: 2582-1369 (online)
Han et al [1] the author states that the failures in the wireless networks , in terms of the delay , power consumption
and discontinuity in the information transfer could be overcome using the proper resource allocation for the wireless
networks.
Fitzek et al [2] the book presents the details of the co-operation manner of the wireless communications, about the
competitions, the cognitions, techniques, coding related to the wireless networks, along with the stability, security,
power consumption and the spectrum usage of the wireless networks.
Khan et al [3] the author proposes the neighbor discovery for the conventional wireless networks and the cognitive
radio networks presenting the basic taxonomy, challenges along with the future research directions.
Wang et al [4] the author details the mathematical models for selecting of the network that is optimal to reduce the
congestion in it and provide with the best networks for the different types of communications at any time from any
where
Xu et al [5] the author presents a comprehensive review for the integration of the wireless networks and the internet
of things, along with the probable visions and the open challenges.
Kassar,et al [6] the author provides with the latest and the interesting methods of the hand over by classifying them
into five categories, and presenting the essential characteristics of them along with the comparison of the various
methodologies presented. The paper includes the handover management ideas in the heterogeneous network as
shown in the fig
Journal of ISMAC (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01 Pages: 160-171
http://irojournals.com/iroismac/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.3.003
164 ISSN: 2582-1369 (online)
Fig Handover Management Trends [6]
Stevens et al [7] the paper presents the comparison between the four various vertical handoffs such as the SAW,
TOPSIS, MEW and GRA, and measures the characteristics of the all the algorithms based on the bandwidth, delay,
packet loss rate, and cost. And from the results it was understood that the GRA provides with the lowest delay and
the highest bandwidth.
Niyato et al [8] the author utilizes the theory of the evolutionary games for perfect network selection, to provide
with a seamless connection and the high-speed wireless connectivity to provide with the perfect load balancing to
elude the congestion in the network and the degradation in the performance. The author provides the study of the
dynamics of the network selection in a heterogeneous network.
Yan et al [9] the paper provides with the survey that is comprehensive for the algorithms that are utilized in the
vertical decision. The author in order to present the survey classifying the types of the hand over based on main
handover decision that is used and evaluates the compromises among the complexity and the efficiency.
Stevens-Navarro et al [10] the paper utilizes the Markov decision algorithm for enabling a perfect handover to have
a seamless connection in the information sharing. To provide a better performance in terms of the delay, bandwidth
jitter, packet delivery rate etc.
Journal of ISMAC (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01 Pages: 160-171
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.3.003
165 ISSN: 2582-1369 (online)
Zahran, et al [11] the author presents the network life span based hand –off and examines the consequence of the
application based signal strength threshold in signaling load, bandwidth available and the packet delay.
Bari et al [12] the decision making process to rank the user networks based on the unique decision process for
having best network access in transmitting of the information’s was proffered in the paper.
Ormond et al [13] to have a multiple network access at the same time. The author proposes the user-centric solution
to select wireless network that supports the data conveyance with the optimal performance. Providing a timely and a
quality data delivery at a reduced cost.
Sgora, et al [14] for the selection of the optimal networks, the paper proffers the EANSA for the heterogeneous
networks combining two multi-attribute decisions making to have a better network accessing.
Lei, et al [15] the author presents the review of the challenges incurred in the heterogeneous wireless networks when
engaged with the mobile cloud computing due to the limitations of the bandwidth and the latencies in the
communication.
Kennedy et al [16] the author describes the steps of the particle swarm optimization for achieving optimal results in
the nonlinear functions along with its relationship with the genetic algorithm and the artificial life.
PROPOSED WORK
The heterogeneous network that is a type of wireless network supported by variety of access technologies for
instance consider a communication between two devices with one under the wireless local area network and the
other under the cellular network. The communication extended by switching from WLAN to cellular network is
called a wireless heterogeneous network. This communication is often affected by the network channels aided with
the limitations in the bandwidth and the latency incurred during communicating [15]. Especially on the instance
when the portable wireless device moves from the one base station to the next. So in order to provide with a perfect
and the continuous communication by the proper selection of the network the paper put forward the PSO in the
selection handling the hand off initiation along with the GRA based network selection to provide with the perfect
hand off and continuous connection that leads to an enhancement in the conveyance of the information in terms of
Journal of ISMAC (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01 Pages: 160-171
http://irojournals.com/iroismac/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.3.003
166 ISSN: 2582-1369 (online)
the throughput and the delay. The fig.4 below shows the initiation of the handover and the decision making in the
network selection to have a perfect network selection and a vertical handover.
Fig.4 Hand-OFF initiation and Network Selection
The fig.4 shows the proposed hand-off initiation and the network selection using the PSO and the network selection
using the GRA. Before proceeding with the initiation and the network selection the information’s related to the
initiation of the handover that is context aware and based on the user preference is gathered. The information’s about
the networks available are gathered, the information’s such as the link quality (𝐿𝑞), network coverage (𝐶𝑜𝑛), cost
(𝐶𝑛) and the quality of the service (𝑄𝑂𝑆𝑛) rendered by the network are gathered, the life span of the network (𝐿𝑠𝑝),
further the status of the network (𝑆𝑛), its velocity (𝑉𝑛) are all gathered along with the user preferences based on the
priorities (𝑃𝑟) and the primary objectives (𝑃𝑟𝑚). The information gathered are utilized in enumerating the network
with the maximum performance enhancement utilizing the PSO [16] and further the network is ranked using the
Journal of ISMAC (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01 Pages: 160-171
http://irojournals.com/iroismac/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.3.003
167 ISSN: 2582-1369 (online)
GRA [7] and utilized for handover. The algorithm in the fig.5 below shows the steps involved in the decision
making and the selection of the network for the vertical hand over.
Fig.5 Proposed Algorithm for Vertical Hand-OFF decision
The algorithm utilizing the PSO in the hand-off initiation enumerates the network performance based on the
information gathered and sorts out the network in the ascending order. Further the grey relational analysis once again
calculates the rank of the network based on the sorting provided by the PSO to selects the perfect network for the
handover to proceed with the execution of the handover. The proposed method provides a continuous and a perfect
communication at a high speed utilizing the scheduling strategy for the conveyance and the switching of the services
through the network that is designated.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Journal of ISMAC (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01 Pages: 160-171
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.3.003
168 ISSN: 2582-1369 (online)
The performance analysis of the proposed method utilizing the PSO and the GRA is done using the network
simulator-2 to understand the performance enhancement achieved in the heterogeneous wireless networks. The
evaluation of the three methods (Proposed, TOPSIS and SAW) is done to note down the improvements attained in
the network using the proposed method for various average connection times in terms of the through put, latency
and cost. This vertical hand-off decision being an interactive one as it based on the user requirement and the context
awareness the proposed method of PSO-GRA shows a better performance than the TOPSIS and the SAW in terms
of the delay, and the throughput
Fig.6 Average Delay
The fig.6 above shows the delay incurred in the information transmission based on the proposed system and the
other two methods TOPSIS and the SAW. The results shows that the proposed method shows a reduce delay for the
interactive traffic classes compared to the SAW and the TOPSIS.
Journal of ISMAC (2019)
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.3.003
169 ISSN: 2582-1369 (online)
Fig .7 Average Bandwidth
The fig.7 above shows the average bandwidth of the network. The GRA provides with a higher bandwidth compared
to the other two methods for the traffic class that is interactive and the results proves that the proposed method is
provides with a higher bandwidth paving way for a maximized throughput compared to the SAW and the TOPSIS.
Journal of ISMAC (2019)
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.3.003
170 ISSN: 2582-1369 (online)
Fig .8 Switching Cost
The fig.8 above provides the details of the cost of the switching for the number of vertical hand overs based on the
grey-relational analysis integrated particle swarm optimization, and the technique for order preference by similarity
to ideal solution, and the simple additive weighting.
CONCLUSION
The paper provides an enhanced vertical hand-off along with the perfect network selection schema for the
heterogeneous wireless network utilizing the PSO as an initiation of the hand-off enumerating the optimal one based
on its attributes and the ranking of the network using the grey relational analysis, calculating the rank for the each
network based on the score. The network selected is used with the execution of the hand over providing using the
scheduling strategies for the conveyance and the switching of the services through the network that is designated.
The performance analysis of the proposed for the heterogeneous wireless network handover provides an enhanced
service in terms of the delay, throughput and the cost.
Journal of ISMAC (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01 Pages: 160-171
http://irojournals.com/iroismac/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.3.003
171 ISSN: 2582-1369 (online)
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Vol.01/ No. 01 Pages: 160-171
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.3.003
172 ISSN: 2582-1369 (online)
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