ength-weight relationship of redfish - noaa · 42tfie\ength-weight relationship of redfish as...
TRANSCRIPT
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42TfiE\ENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP OF REDFISH
AS LANDED AT GLOUCESTER JUNE 15 TO JULY 17, 1942
METHODS OF MEASUREMENT
Lengths were measured on an accurate measuring board graduated in two
place logarithms of the length in decimeters. The board was graduated with
a nJ.a.Jdmum error in the graduations of not more than 1/100 ofa centimeter
so essentially the only source of error would be the personal one of the
way in which the fish is slid against the end of the board.
Weights were taken on two spring balances graduated in two place logarithms
of the weight in 0.1 pounds. The smaller of the two balances 'Yd.th a ca-
pacity of 1.1 pounds never indicated a deviation of more than 1% from the
true weight (in the range of weights used) in extensive tests conducted be-
fore every sample of fish was weighed. The bias of this scale which would
show up in an average was probably not more than *%. The other scale which
was used for all fish over 1.1 pounds had a capacity of 40 pounds and the
sector of the dial used was small (between 1 and 2 pounds). Careful checks
revealed no error in weighing check weights of more than 2.5% in the range
used. However, it was found that the observed weights of test weights were
distributed on both sides o~ the true value so it is considered likely that
any bias which would affect an average would not be greater than 1%. Thus
in examining the length-weight measurements ~aken for source! of variation,
any variation of less than 1% may possibly be caused by errors in measure-
ment and differences of more than 1% must be explained by reason of some
other source of variation.
GATHERING THE DATA
Table 1 itemizes the seurce .of the samples frem which the length-weight
measurements were .obtained. In alIef these samples the fish were measured
and weighed lias landed" befere washing, cleaning, .or scaling.
The data\were gathered primarily to establish the regressien .of weight
en length fer the redfish and secendarily te discever seurces .of variatien
in the length-weight relatienship. Te establish a representative length-
weight curve the samples were distributed among as many .of the areas fished
as pessible. Ideally the size .of the samples sheulct have been in preportien
te the catch frem each area but the fishing areas change frem week-te-week
and data was net available en the. expected distributien .of the catch fer the
peried in which the samples were taken. The next best bet is t.o distribute
the samples equally among the areas. This was dene as far as pessible but
.only .one sample .of 50 fish was .obtained frem each .of feur of the areas wr~ch
were being lightly fished at the time (Table 1.). Frem six ether areas twe
samples each were obtained.
The actual length-weight measurements were taken during ten days but
because of the necessity of selecting trips for sampling and the pressure .of
ether werk the ten days were spread out ever 33 days. The females during
this time lest much of their spawn, particularly these caught in the mere
southern areas~ The tw~ samples from the same area were taken an average
of 16' days apart. This was net planned but by usiI".g this infermati.on it is ;
pes sible te .obtain an estimate of the change in weight ever this peri.od of
time.
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Table 1.
The source of the samples for the length-weight measurements on redfish.
(50 fish per sample).
Area Dates the Samples Days between first' were landed. and second samples.
Channel 7/15
Off Glouc eater' 7/3 .7/13 10 ",' ~~"
Jeffrey' 5 Ledge 7/17
Off Portland 7/16
Sequin 6/19 7/ 3 14
C: Matinicus 6/16 7/13 27
Mt. Desert 7/2 7/14 12
Platts 6/15 7/ 2 17
Cashes 7/16
Cape Shore (Off She1bourne) 6/15 7/ 2 17
The samples were taken as nearly at random as was possible under the
conditions eristing. Usually this meant picking about five to ten fish
from each 500 pound box unloaded until the required 50 were obtatned. How-
ever, some fish companies use 300 pound wheelbarrows and some a 150 pound
basket_for weighing the fish ir~tead of the 50Q pound box. N~ strict dis-
persion of the sample was attempted. but not more than two fish were taken
per 100 pounds unloaded. Neither was any attempt made to spread the sample
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syst~tically throughout the whole trip or any definite part of it~ Taking
the few fish from each container resulted in spreadir~ the sample through
several thousand pounds of the boat's catch.
To avoi.d personal bias in selecting the fish -they were picked from the
container in as objective a manner as possible. The three, five, or eight
fish or whatever the number picked up were taken from those nearest a corner
C or some other definite point. It is probably impossible to completely
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- avoid personal bias in picking up fish in this way but with care it may be
reduced to a minimum.
No restriction was placed on proportion of the sexes in the samples. A
significant preponderance (by the Chi2 test) of females were encountered.
Of the BOO fish measured 461 were females. The number in the samples of 50
varied from 18 to 39. (The sex was easy to determine from the exterior for
the adult rediiah at this time of year, and fairly easy in the case of the
immatures but if there was any doubt about the sex the specimen was opened
with a knife and the determination made from. the gonads).
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ANALYSIS OF THE DATA
Covariance analysis was used to determine-the sources of variation and
the significance of differences. ~able 2 presents the results of the analy-It;
sis for the differences between seles and among areas. The differences be-
tween sexes is slight, the value of Fbeing between the 5% and the 1% leveis.
The difference among areas is highly" significant being well beyond the 0.1%
level. However, this difference among areas is confounded with differences
in the time at which the samples were taken both in respect to calendar time
and to the period in the spawning cycle which is not the same at the same
date in the different areas represented. Hence a further examination is
necessaq before it can be stated that the different areas produce redfish
with a different length-weight relationship.
The significance of the time factor was tested by a covariance analysis
of the difference between the first and second samples taken from the six
areas which were sampled twice (Table 3.). The difference is highly sig-
nificant when both sexes are considered together or when the females are
considered separately but there is no difference in the males between the
first and second samples. Change in weight at this season of the year is
associated chiefly with the females. Furthermore it would seem appropriate
to test the significance of the differences among areas by using the measure-
ments of the" males only.
The covariance analysis of the difference among areas was repeated for
the males only. The F test reveals a difference well beyond the 1% level.
The analysis was also completed for the females only and as is now to be
expected an,' even more significant difference was found among areas; well ( "".
J beyond the 0.1% level (Table 4).
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TABLE 2.--REDFISH LWGTH-WEIGHT COVARI.ANOE AlIf.ALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENCES BErWEEN SEXES AIm AMONG AREAS
-Sums of squares and products Errors of estimate
Source Degrees of of
Sx2 Sy2 Sum of Degrees Mean
variation freedom Sxy squares of square freedom
Total 799 2.0966 6.2240 19.4636 .9869 198 .001~31 (S = .03411)
.1665 1.6444 (~ • 8.19%~. .
Areas 9 .5139 (-2Sy.x = -11.04%)
Sexes 1 .6698 1.9344 5.5813
Error 189 1.2603 3.7751 12.2319 .9204 788 .00111
Area + Error 798 1.4268 4.2896 13.8763 .9798 797 .001229
Difference for test of areas .0594 9 .0c660
Sexes + Error 790 1.9301 5.7101 17.8192 .9262 789 .00117
Difference for test of sexes .0058 1 .0058
F Test Difference between Sexes ]I = .0058/ .00117 = 4.96* (5% = 3.85; 1% = 6.66) Difference among areas F = .0C£60/ .00117 5.t,4**(5% = 1.89 1% = 2)~3)
(0.1% = 3.4)
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l~ o TABLE 3.--REDFISH LENG'rH-WEIGHT COVA.RIANCE Al~ALYSIS DIFFEREUCE BETVfE:EfrJ FIRS'r AND
SECOND SAMPLES
Sums of squares and products Errors of estimate Source Degrees
Sum of of of Sx2 Sr2 variation freedom Sxy squares
Both S~xes To~~th~r 4.6972 14.7464 .1368 , Total
Sample Error Di fference for Test of Sample
Mal~s 9111;[ Total Sample Error Difference for Test of Sample
F~m~le§ Onl~ Total Sample Error
Difference for Test of Sample
599 1.5149 1 .0006 -.0007 .0009
598 1.5743 4.6979 14.7455 .7264
.0104 F = .0104/.00122 .. 8.52.* (1% value 6.68)
Hi~hly Sienificant Difference
267 .3882 1.1686 3.7863 .2685 1 .0061 .0174 .0493
266 '2821 1.1212 3.7370 .2686
-.0001 F = 0 !!2. Diffel'ence
331 .7349 2.2115 7.1202 .4652 1 .0007 -.0012 .0021
330 .1342 2.2121 7.1181 .4496
.0156
F = 11.39*· (0.1% value about 11.00) Hl~ Si~ifiDSLnt Difference
"-.
Degrees Mean of square
freedom
598 .00123
597 .00122
1 .0104 ..
266
265 .00101
1
330 .00141
329 .00137
1 .0156 **
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TABLE 4.--REDFISH LENGTH-WEIGHT COVARIANCE ANALYSIS OF TF~ DIFFER1lliTCES ~AONG AREAS
~s of equares and products . Errors of estimate II :;3ource Degrees - of of Sum of Degrees Mean
variation freedom Sx2 Sxy Sy2 _ squares of square freedom
Ma1~s On1~ Total 338 . . 4975 +.5056 . 4.8763 .3199 33 Areas 9 .0436 ~1369 .4540 Error 329 .4539 1.3687 4.4223 .2951 328 .00090
Difference for Testing Areas .0248 9 .00276
F = .00276/.00090 = 3.07 (1% level - 2.48)
F~ma1~s On1~ Total 460 .9293 2.7840 9.0000 .6597 459 Areas 9 .0969 .2889 .9174 Error 451 .8324 2.4951 8.0826 .6036 450 .00134
Difference for Testing Areas .0561 9 .00623
F = .00623/.00134 = 4.65 (1% point = 2.46 0.1% point = app.3;25)
0)
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In summa.ry it appears that there is a relatively large difference in
the length-weight relationship among areas and a lesser difference between
sexes but both relationships are confounded ~ a continuing loss of weight
by the females during the period of the sampling. Let us examine the mag-
-nitude of' these differences by means of the regression foI'IIlUla4t.DOw that
theirs~nificance bas been determined.
The various regression formul~ are pr~sented in Table 5. From these
formulae values of the weight have been calculated from assigned values ~f
the length. Several calculated values a.relisted for the major regression
forIilulae' and only the value nearest the mean for the individual area re-
gressions. This single value is best for comparisons among areas. Since
verJ fe\v redfish were less than.40 in length the calculated values of the
weight for a length of .30 are subject to irregular and non-significant
variations caused ~ differences in slope.
Comparison of these calculated values of the weight for a given length
should properly be made among the males only for differences among areas.
It appears that the t~~h from Platts bank were significantly lighter in
weight and those from bff Gloucester, Sequin,Matinicus, Mt. Desert, and
Cape Shore ran much the same. Unfortunately insufficient material was ob-
tained from. the other- four areas for a comparison of areas by the males
alone. We may tentatively make a comparison among~ these areas with both
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sexes lumped together. This comparison indica.tes significantly lighter fish
from Cashes and significantly heavier fish'from the Channel area. Reference
to a chart of the area indicates the redfish from the peripher,r of the Gulf
of Maine from Gloucester to Cape Sable had much the same length-weight
j ~ .
In summar.r it appears that there is a relatively large difference in
the length~weight relationship among areas and a lesser difference between
sexes but both relationships are confounded by a continuing loss of weight
by the females during the period of the sampling. Let us examine the mag-
-nitude of these differences by means of the regression. formula.-.mw that
their .. s:,ignificance has been determined.
The various regression formulaa are pr~sented in Table 5. From these
formulae values of the weight have been calculated from assigned values ~f
the length. Several calculated values a.relisted for the major regression
formulae' and only the value nearest the mean for the individual area re-
gressions. This single value is best for comparisons among areas. Since
verI' felY red!ish were less than .40 in length the calculated values of the
<=:j weight for a length of .30 are subject to irregular and non~significant
variations caused by differences in slope.
Comparison of these calculated values of the weight for a given length
should properly be made among the males only for differences among areas.
It appears that the t~~h from Platts bank were significantly lighter in
weight and those from Off Gloucester, Sequin, Matinicus, Mt. Desert, and
Cape Shore ran much the same. Unfortunately insufficient material was o~
9
tained from the other- four areas for a comparison of areas by the males
alone. We may tentatively make a comparison among' these areas with both
sexes lumped together. This comparison indicates significantly lighter fish
from Cashes and significantly heavier fish from the Channel area. Reference
to a chart of the area indicates the redfish from the peripher,y of the Gulf
of Maine from Gloucester to Cape Sable had much the same length-weight
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Table 5.
REDFISH LENGTH-WEIGHT REGRESSIOH FOBMULA
10
x = Log. of length in decimeters Y = Log. of Weight in 0.1 pounds
Source of Regression for.mttla N
l30th Se:x:es All measurements 800 By Area
Off Gloucester 100 Seguin - 100 Matinicu$ 100 Mt. ~esert 100 Platts 100 Cape Shore 100
Cashes 50 Portland 50 Channel 50 Jeffries 50
~ time of sampling Sample 1 300 Sample 2 300
Male§ Only
C' Total 339 j:By- Area
Off Gloucester' 48 Sequin 39 Matinilfus 50 Mt •. Desert ~ Platts Cape Shore 46 Cashes 18 Portland 22 Channel 11 Jeffries 20
, Bye' time- of sampling Sample 1 123 Sample 2 145
F~males Onl;t Total 461 :By Area
Off Gloucester 52 Sequin 61 Matinicus 50 Mt. Desert 61 Platts 54 Cape Snore 54 Cashes 32
/'
( : Portland 28 \,J
Channel 39 Jeffries 30
By ti~ of sampling SemI' e 1 111 Sample 2 155
- ... _--- --_. -
Regression E of Y =
2.96862X-.44093
2.7084 X-.3205 3.1015 x-.4867 2.8450 X-.3713 2.8467 X-.3852 3.1214 X-. 5210 3.0405 x....4119
2.7823 X-.3128 2.9464 X-.4386 2.7795 X-.3400 2.9412 X-.4355
3.0836 x-.4816 2.8598 X-.3926
3.0263 X-.4630
2.9194 X-.4ll0 3.0082 x.:..445l 2.9351 X-.4l56 2.1012 X-.3222 3.1019 X-·5l52 3.0336 x-.4665
Data
Inadequate
3.1059 x-.4948 2~9ll4 x-.413l
2.9958'X-.4562
2.1628. :t-.3512 3. 2384 X-·5555 2.1815 X-.3503 2.8S96 X-.4c63 3.1004 X-.506l 3.0122 X-.4881
Data
Inadequate
3. ~129 X-.~~ 2.0193 X- •.
Y when X = .30 .40 .45 .50 ·55
.4497 .1465 .8949 1.0434, 1.1918
.8983)
.9090)
.9030)(L.S.D. (1~ level)
.895~~ =.0127)
.8863)
.8963)
.8192**)
.8873 )L.S.D (1% level)
.9108** ) =.0183) " d
.8901 )
·9000 .8943
.4449 .1415 .8988 1.0502
.9021 )
.9086 )
.9052 )L. S.D. (1;& le'lel)
.8933 ) =.0181)
.8834**)
.8986 )
.9028
.8910
.4425 .7421 .8919 1.0411 1.1915
1.0302 ) 1.0631** ) 1. 0434 ) L . S . D . 1.0385 )1% level 1.0441 ) =.0196) 1.0474 )
.4304 .7411 .8973 1.0539 1.2086
.4598 .7441 .8911 1.0350 1.1796
II
C relationship while those from Platts and Cashes banks in the center of the
Gulf of Maine were thinner and those from the South Channel area were heavier.
However, this comparison of the areas should be considered tentative until
data is obtained at some time other than the spawni~ season.
Comparison of the differences among sexes and among samples I and 2
may be made by calculated values given in Table 5~ or perhaps more easily - ,
qy the graphs (Figures land 2). Thel~ed data on sex indicates that the
fe..lUB.1.es were very slightly (but significantly) lighter than the males. This
similarity is probably accidental since the females decreased markedly in
weight between the first and second- samples, while the males stayed much the
same (Figure 2).
For quick reference the length-weight curve in millimeters and pounds
is presented in Figure 3 and the calculated values of the weight for each
o half centimeter length group are listed in Table 6. These data are most
nearly representative of the length-weight reiationship of the redfish from
the periphery of the Gulf of Maine from: Gloucester to Cape Sable for the
months of June and July.. The redfish from the Central Gulf of Maine and the
South Channel area appear to be lighter and heavier, respectively, and no
data is available on the variation associated with different seasons. For
weighing length-frequency curves it is not likely that any great error will
be caused by using- this curve for all areas and seasons since even if the
fish do run lighter or J].eavier, the relationship among the weighing factors
will change but little. But for converting poundage to numbers, more repre-
sentative figures would be desirable.
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Table 6.
Bedfiah - OalCD.lated Weights
.Eased on measurements of 800 redfish as landed at Gloucester between June 1; 8lldJulT 11. 1942. Measurement. were distrt'bo.ted in random samples from ten fishing areas.
&sah of' liM
c../2 Ia.. Pmnps
25 l20-124 .065
6 12~129 .014
7 130-134 ~083
8 135-139 .092
9 140-144 .103
30 145-149 .114
1 150-154 .l.26
2 155-159 .138
3 160-164 .152
11- 165-1~9 .166
5 170-114 .181
6 175-17' '. .197
7 180-lS4 ,.214
8 185-189 .232
9 190-194 .251
40 195-199 .271
1 200-2ol4. .292
2 205-209 .314
3 210-214 .337
4 215-219 .361
5 220-224 .387
6 22~229 .413
. - ----~-.- --- - - ---- ----- --- --------------- --- --- - ------ - - -~--- _. -- -- ---------- --------- -- ----r--~··---
15
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16
,~ Length of Fish \",,-j
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Ca;,/2
2
3
4-
5
6
7
.. 355-359
360-:;64-
365-369
370-314
375-379
380-384
Pm'Pds
1.58
1.65
1.72 - .
1.79
1.86
1.94-
3
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~ I D F I S U (R 0 S E ? I S g)
DrS~RlBU~IO~~ ~F FIll3}~ ·J~!G·HrS AS LA!1JSD .h.T a.LCUC~S~ER I:U?IlfG A.?3.IL Al:D !,:.\.y, 1 ?42
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l!cva Scotia' GrouJ. ds
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Be.s d on 1175 me· surements· fro 3 trips.
194 catch-2l m lUon po ds.
0.0
Maine
Bas d 0:'1 3.820 , eaSu.reooe:'1t s fra. 32 trips.
134 c~tch-99 :~' Ilion !'au ds.
0.2
ern Gulf of Maine·
Bas d 0:'12,001 easurements fro 21 trips.
Ilion
0.2
accord ng to 1941
0.2
O~~+"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ____ ~ o I 2 3 4 5
Siza of fillets in ounces.
Enclosad figures incic?te the ~~aunt in each one mL~ce group.
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RED F ISH (R 0 S E F I S H) -iF;? THE LEHG1'H-FILLET WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP. MAY, 1942
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lased h of 240 r dfish !lI1d 4 0 /
n mea reme.l fille s fro four diffe ent f Bhing a.reaS Cash s, I /v _1 Off G ouces er, C pe Sh re, III d Mat niCUB and I
/ fille ed by 24 di feren cutt rs at Glouc ster /
1,lassa huset s. // V - I ..- /
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// V /'
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V V '/' /'
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" The solid line ndica eS th aver, f!:e // ./ ..-' fil et we! ["ht rr i1' " 17' iven i :ndh
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- - V ---..- ..- .-- Nin tv fi Ie nero ent 0 the ill et - -- '"-' wei hts VI J1 fa 1 bet een t· e .- -- -- -- l...---- --- dot ed 11 es. -- -- ------ - =--= -- f.---- --- -- -I I I I I I , , , , , I , I , , , , I I I I
6 7 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 LenGth to fork of te.il in Inches. (A 2tend~.rd rneesurement proposed for r:eneri;l use on redfish.)
I II II I I I ~~-----'-,'l 5 6 7, 6 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Length of nesh;r p"-rt of body in Inches. (The meBsuroment used by some buyers &:t Gloucester in cullin!; redn"l1.)
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. The Length .. Weight Relationship of Redfish
72 J..$-~itd ;W~o r ~~. 0~w~i ~d~~-
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lfr. SiciDsjr C. Hsiao
CUstom Houstf New Bedford, )lass.
June 16, 1947
Karine Biological taborato17
Wood.IJ Hole .. Uass.
Dear lrtr. HSiao.
Radt1sh are landed almost entirely ill Oloucester and 1.f' yctl are interested in obtaining :fresh specimens,. I suggest you contact Dr. Alfred Perlmntter, Post Of'Ace Bu11dintb Gloucester I Mass .. who is our biologist there. It]'Oll go up there. you. should be able to obtain Ash less than two days cut of the water !'rom the fishing Tessels as tbq land. It yw need thea i.nmId1a.te~ as they come out ot the water, you 1dll. have to go to sea to get thsm. Dr. Perlmtttter will advise you.
William F. Royce. Aquatic Biologist.
WP'Rameo cc; Dr. Perlmlltter
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YALE UNIVERSITY OSBORN ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY
NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT
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GLOUChSTER IlliDFISh .Gb:.L.ERS
July 19h2
Cd,pe Cann fisueries John Del Torcilio Gordon ~ure
Marriners Fish Co Mike Bloom ':'tI'. Kincaide
Progressive .Fistl \iharf lnc. Leo Linquata Frank F aV"c{laro
General Sea Fooif~ Gorp-
Gorton,·?ew fresh Fish Mr. Lenhart
Colonial Ii'ish Co Scot~y Craig ;11l
• f{af 1-e
Smpire Fillot Co Ja.mes Bo:t'dano
Americ~~ Fillet Co ~Jr. CaciillI3.
Atlantic C02.:3t ,:'is;,el'~es Ds.ve TG\:rlor i;~r .. Lufkin
Baxter E,: {Cerr Scotty B;'..:dor
Ste~.[cn.s
Gloucester Seafoods, Inc Bill Brady
Frark Bertolmo & Son Fr1.n..\': Bert~J:ho
Started 5/6/42
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RED F I 5 E (R 0 S I F I S R)
DIS>:RIBUTIJ:; CF FIIl3Jl' ',T:J:HmrS AS LA:llED AT GLGUC;';ST3R I:UEIUG A?RIL Alm !r..AY. 1942
!!cva. Scotia Grou
hS.lr B2.5 d on lt75 me· fro 3 trips.
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1,,4 cdch-99 ::: 11ion p01J. ds.
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ern IJulf of Maine·
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m Ilion
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8.1 I 0.2
1 2 3 4 5 Size of fillets in ounces.
lilnclosed fig'J.res inc..icpte the al,,-ount in each one ounce group.
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•
WEIGHrNG RECFISHFILLETS
.-GLOUCESTER, NAY 27, [942
ARRIVED AT CAPE ANN FISH COHPANY AT 7 t.M. FOUND THE GOVERNOR AL. SMITH
IN \.JITH A HAIL OF 83,000 REDFISH TAf<EN JUST EAST OF CASHES. THE HEN AT THE
FISH COr,IPANY HERE EXCEEDINGLY COOPERATIVE AND SET UP 80XES IN A CORNER OF THE
CUTT I NG ROOM ON HH I CH TO 1,1EASURE THE FISH. TH I S PROV IDEO I DEAL HORI< I NG
CONDITIONS.
SELECTION OF SPECIMENS
IT \4AS NECESSARY TO TAKE FISH IN THE CUTTING ROOM AFTER THEY HAD BEEN
THROUGH THE ROTARY SCALING MACHING BECAUSE IF THEY HERE TAI<EN AS THEY COHE
FROI·1 HIE SOAT THEY 1010ULD HAVE TO BE HASHED, SCALED,-AND CARRIED INTO THE
< PLANT eE:FoRE FILLETING. AS IT IS, TAI~ING THEl·1 INSIDE HIE PLANT pm1 THE
CONVEYOR PR(VIDED VERY CLEAN FISH ON HHICH TO HaRK AND THE CUTTERS WERE AVAIL-
ABLE TO FILLET THE FISH WITHOUT LOSS OF T H1E. THE F ISH HAD TO BE SELECTED TO
AVOID MUTILATED SPECIMEr~ WHICH WERE COMMON AFTER THE RIGORS OF THE SCALING
MACHINE. THE MUTILATIONS WHICH WERE AVOIDED WERE CRUSHED HEADS AND LACf( OF
EXES. -OF COURSE VIE I GHTS T AI<EN UNDER THESE COND r T IONS :ARE Nor CQt,IPARABLE TO
THE HE I GHOUT FROt·l THE BOAT AND THE 0 I FFERENCES 8ETV/EEN THE ROUND I1E I GHT AND
THE CLEAN vlEIGHT HILL HAVE TO BS DETERMI~,ED LATER. THE SPECIHENS vJERE SELECTED
10 AT A TIME FROM THE CONVEYOR BELT IN AS NEARLY A RANDOM MANNER AS POSSIBLE
AFTER DISCARD I NG THE t·1UT I LATED SPEC I t<IE~IS.
t·1E,~SUR I NG THE SPEC I t4EtlS
THE Ie FISH WERE MEASURED AND THE CLEAN WEIGHT TAKEN AND THEN THEY WERE
LA 10 OUT nl ORClER Ot·J THE TABLE. A CUTTER liAS AS!(ED TO F r L LET THEt,l, THE F I L LETS
HERE HE I GHED ~,~~D THE SEX A~ID CO~·lD IT! ON OF THE GOr~ADS ~,~OTED. U~IDER THESE CO~l-
DITIONS IT \-lAS ?OSSI3LE FOR ONE I1MI TO Cm!PLETE THE DATA ON 10 FISH IN A90;JT
ONE HALF HOUR, THIS TIME AMY PROBABLY 8E REDUCED AFTER PRACTICE.
cotm i T ION OF THE GONADS
MOST OF THE MALES EXAMINED SEEMED TC 9E MATURE. THE TESTES IN THE LARG~R
~IO SHARP SE?ARATI'J~': 2ETHEE.'< THE T'.-IO GW)IjPS. AI_SO THE SHALLE;; FISH HAD RELAT!-
VELY LARGE TESTES AND IT SEEMS THAT THEY HUST HAVE BEEtl MATURE. THE TESTES !N
THIS CASE \'I£PE AfJOUT ONE FOURTH INCH IN DIf<W':TER. A SI!'IGLE 5t'tALl t-1ALE '.·IAS
CLASSIFIED AS I~MATURE BECAUSE THE GO~!ADS WERE ONLY ABOUT ONE SIXTEENTH INCH
I~ DIAMETER. MORE WORK NEEDS TO BE CONE ON THE SIZE OF THE GONADS AND THE
RELATION OF WIDTH OF THE G:NAD TO THE LENGTH OF THE FISH BEFORE AND ACC~RATE
CLASSIFICATION ~F MATURITY CAN BE MADE.
THE FEHA LES \~ERE EASY TO CLASS I FY . THE OVARY I N THE t-IA TUf,E FISH f S t'!UCH
ENLARGED AT THIS TIME OF YEAR. IMMATATURES POSSESSED AN OVARY ABOUT THREE
SIXTEENTHS INCH IN DIAMETER, FIRM IN CONSISTENCY, CONTAINING PIN POINT SIZE
YELLo\.IISH OR ORANGE OVA. NO INTERGRADES ~IERE rOUND. CAUTION viAS EXERCISED
!N SEPARATING SPENT FISH FROM FISH CONTAINING OVA OR LARVA SINCE THE ROUGH
HANDLI~lG MAY EXPRESS rlEARLY ALL THE OVA OR LARVAE AND THE FISH HIGHT BE
CLASSIFIED AS SPENT. IN EACH A CAREFUL SEARCH WAS MADE FOR ORA OR LARVAE
AND SEVERAL SPENf APPEARING FISH WERE FOUND TO CONTAIN PRE-EYED avA. ONLY WHEN
NO OVA OR LARVAE COULD BE FOUND WAS THE FISH CLASSIFID AS SPENT. ..~
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The Effect of The Cull of Small Rosefish on Production
Length Frequencies Catch Percentage by weight of in 1941 rosefish fillets landed from which fillet
percentages were (MiU ion s Below: 1 to 1 J/3 2 to : Over Area calculated of pounds) 1 oz. 1 J/!Joz~ to 20z:. 5 oz.; 5 oz.
NOTa Scotia 475 measurements Area XXI from 5 trips 21 20.'5 16.8 ~~.~5 .f5.4:
3'7.1 l' c>
Northern Gulf of Maina. Sub- 5820 measura.ents 'areas XXII S, C, from 52 trips 99 3.2 7.8 59.4 44.5
D, F. 1/, c> ";-0.,-/ 'fJ.;', 7
Southern Gulf of llaine. Sub- 2001 measurements areas XXII E, G, from 21 trips 20 . 2.5 5.0 24.9 46.1 H, J, M, H, O. ~-;J 30.2- 17". :J
Total and weigh-I W- me:&rrements
from trips. ed averages. Average weighed 140 5.6 8.5 56.2 41.4
according to 1941 .,s-6.S '1/.1 catch. /-<:';, /
Basis 2f~ information.
The length frequency material was gathered during April, May, and
Av~ Y!'~ ~ June, 1942. T_ F8:oulI:u;ge bg" weight of the rose.fish fillets was cal-
culated from fillet weights on 240 rosefish from 4: different fishing
areas and filleted by 24 different cutters •.
Effect of ~ cull ,Q!l production.
The above table does not give any indication of the cull of fish
at sea. No very accurate information on this is .a,vailable but inter
views with boat captains indicate that an average of 1 to :3 percent of
t;he:ca:tch is discarded at sea. Sometimes in Nova Scotian waters as
much as 30 or 40 pe~cent of the catch may be culled. Apparently this
is rare since the fishermen can avoid the schools of small fish to
some extent
7.1 JOa /
5.4 />0,/
2:3.7": /jO,6
8.5
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" . Measurements on 425 rosefish discarded at sea by three different
boats indicates that about 99 pecent of the fish so culled would have
produced fillets of less than one ounce. Measurements or 959 rosefish tJ f. f:: /'7 -i...
culled in two ditferent plants indicates that about 12 percent ~ ~4h-J foh' ' di'erried wlaeh would have produced fillets of over one ounce but the
a verage of the largest fish culled was of a size that would produce
tUlets of just about one ounce. Essentially, then the cull limit
is very close to the size fish which will produce a one ounce fillet.
Some variation is, of course, to be expected; a few larger fish will
be discarded and a few smaller ones saved
Because of' the present demand for rosefish fillets the cutting
plants at Gloucester have abandoned the cull limit and the fisherman
isp~id for all the fish he brings in regardless of size. The cull
was abandoned about May r~ 1942.
Under the conditions existing before the cull was abandoned
when fish yielding a fillet of less than one ounce were discarded,
raising the minimum size fillet to one and on~ third ounces would
have decreased ~roduction by about 9 percent. Now} with no cull)
it would necessitate a decrease in productIon of 14 percent to cull
alL :f"ish lie1ding fillets of less than one and one third ounces.
Redfiah-Ca1culated Fillet Weights
~sed on measurements of 240 redfish and 480 fillets from four different fishing areas, Cashes, Off Gloucester, Cape Shore. and Matinicus, and
filleted by 24 different cutters at Gloucester, MassaChusetts. ~y 27 - June 2, 1942
Weight of Length of Fi sh :Soth Fillets .'&
Cm./2 Mm. Grams Ounces
25 12 ()..o 124 9.69 ·3
6 125-129 10.9 .4
7 130-134 12.2 .4 g 135-139 13.5 .5
9 140-144 15·0 ·5
145-149 16.6 .6 ""r,
30
1 150-154 13.2 .6
2 155-159 20.0 .7
3 160-164 21.9 .8 ,
.-
4 165-169 23·9 .8
5 170-174 26.0 .9
6 175-179 28.3 1.0
7 180-184 30.6 1.1
8 185-189 33.1 1.2. •
9 190-194 35.8 1.3
40 195-199 38.5 1.4
1 200-204 41.4 1·5
2 205-209 44.4 1.6
3 210-214 47.5 1.7
4 215-219 50.9 1.8
\.----
Length of Fi sh 'Weight of 'Both Fillets
Crn./2 Mm. Grams Ounces
45 220-224 54.3 1.9 < .. 6 225-229 57.9 2.0
7 230-234 61.7 2.2
8 235-239 65.5 2.3
9 240-244 69.6 2·5
50 245-249 73.9 2.6
1 250-254 78.2 2.8
2 255-259 82.8 2·9 ,L-Tr,
3 260-264 87.5 3.1
4 265-269 92.4 . 3.3
5 270-274 97.5 3.4
\ 6 275-279 103. 3.6
7 280-284 108. 3.8
8 285-289 114. 4.0
9 290-294 120. 4.2
60 295-299 126. 4.4 i> 1 300-304 132. 4.7
2 305-309 138. 4.9
3 310-314 145. 5.1
4 315-319 152 . 5.4
2
" - ~
Length of Fi sh Weight of Both Fillets
Cm./2 Mm.a. Grams Ounces
65 320-324 159. 5.6 _ ..
6 325-329 166. 5·9
7 330-334 173. 6.1
8 335-339 181. 6.4
9 340-344 189. 6.7
70 345-349 196. 6.9
1 350-354 205· 7.2
2 355-359 213. 7·5 #' r,'
3 360-364 222. 7.8
4 365-369 231. 8.1
5 370-374 240. 8.5
6 375-379 250. 8.8
7 380-384 259· 9.1
3
•
RED ~ ISH (R 0 SE r ISH)
THE Lm~B-rILLm WEIGHT RELAT·IONSHIP. I4J\Y, 1942 . . ,
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n mea . fl11e e frol four dUle ent f shing areas Cash s, / V _I Off G 'oueee er, C pe Sh re, .JJ Id Mat nicu, and /
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6 7 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 , 15 16 ~ngth to fork of tail in~. (A stF.nde~d meas1).rement proposed for genereluse' on redfiBh.)
rT I~- '-1 -. 'I -I I' r- I T 1-, ,·1 , T 1---'-(---'- 11 T 11 --1 I .1 5 6 7, . 6 9 10 11, 12 ' 13 14
Length of fleshy part of body in~. (The measurement used by some buyers at Gloucester in culling redfish.)
,~
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The length-Weight Relationship ot R~edtish u'..<J~C( ~'f.-h'. . ,; "~ .. /l ~.~!.,y-L.. /\oJ. /....., r'/~f-~ ii" / /&! .t-,.t. ~ .,.-,. IJ .I~ .. ..",I;/ ·-1 // ,t...(. -/ ,~ ., •
(:' ;; ! - ,> i ;> " •
/~ ~able 1 ;;;mizes ~~e '-so:rae of the samples from which ~---'''.-'' / '. n L / \_ ,.-h.I.A.J/UT rJW
;' length .. weight measurem9nts were obtained. In all otj~~se samples \ ~ ,Jvj~:,l .. _ i -u1"':<-~"""~'l ) ) ~."" """- " r ( the- fish were measured and wei d"as landed" before:. aleaning,or ;//
~~~Z~ ~~~.-~~) an aoourate measuring board grad-
uated in two plaoe logarithms of the length in cdeeimeters. The
board was graduated with a maximum error in the graduations of essentially
no1: more than 1/100 of a"coenthmeter- so/the only souroe of error
would be the personal one of the way in whioh the #;ish is- slid
against. the end ot the board
Weights were taken on two spring balances graduated in::: two
plaoe logarithl!lS of the weight 1n~0~1 pounds. Tbs smaller of
the two balanoes with a oapaoity of 1.1 pounds never indicated tin the rau@9 of weights used)
a deviat.on of more than 1% from the true weight/in extensive
tests oonduoted before every sample of fish was weighed. The
bias of this soale whioh would show up in an average was prob-
ably not more than~. The other soale whioh was used for all
fish over 1.1 pounds bad a oapaoity of 40 pounds and the seotor
ot the dial used was small{between 1 and 2 pounds). Careful
cheCks revealed no error in weighing check weights of more than
2.5~ 1n the range used. Howeve~~ it was found that the observed
weights of test weights were distributed on both sides of the true
value SO it is considered,likely that any bias Which would affeot
an average would not be greater than 1%. Thus in examining the
length weight measurements taken for sources of variation, _~t
-/
-~ ..
,.
-~-I I
i
variation "f.iiess:: tMn 1% may possi blV be caused by errors in
measurement and differenoes of more than 1% must be explained
by reason of some other souroe of variation. ,1 ~ v-..J. Ld MN~"Y"~r2 .. /,<M IJf~-{'AV
GATBERING TEE DATA e:::' ~J\ 1 I \ j
The data were gathered primarily to establish the regression
of weight on length for the radfish and seoondarily to disoover
souroes of variation in the length weight relatdionship. To
establish a representative length weight ourve the samples were
distributed among as many of the areas nabed as possible.
Ideally tm size ot the samples should have been in proportlbon
to the oatoh from eaoh area but the fiShing areas ohange from
week to week and data was not available on the expeoted distribu-
tion of the oatch for the period in which the samples were taken.
T~ next best bet is to distribute the samples equally among
the areas. This was done as far as possible but only one sample
of 50 fish was obt~ined from eaoh of four of the areas which
were being lightly fished at the time (Table1.). From six other
areas two samples each were obtained.
The actual length weight measurellBnts were taken during
ten days but because of the necessity o-L selecting trips for
sampling and the pressure of other work the twn days were spread
out over 33 days. The females during this time lost much of P~ ~ CA.-~.....;.., ~ ~
their spawn C:II;l:t:Jmagh !'1 , 521fd! 'mOl"e; pro LA i ilK southern
areas. The two samples from the same area were taken an average
of 16 days apart. This was not planned but by using this ~ ~~ ~~~
0'1 'lie Ja'a. ii is possible to obtain an estimate of the valtte~_~ -VVi' ~y~ ~ t:C-~ .kU.-~/ t:-</ ~~ _ tiie time .~. /. ,;/
lo.W..t../
'l'aJrST;> . . Tbe source o:l' the samples for the length-wei ght
" .. measurements on redfish. (50 fish per sample.)
Date the Sample s Days between first .~
.!rea were Landed. and second samples •
Channel 7/15
Off G1ouoester 7/3 7/13 10
Jeftrey's Ledge 7/17
Oft Portland 7/16
Sequin. 6/19 7/3 14
Matinious 6/16 7/13 211 ,c r,'
Mt. Desert 7/2 7/14 12
Platts 6/15 7/2 17
Cashes 7/16 (
Cape Shore (Otf She1bourne) 6/15 7/2 17
-..
..
The samples were taken as nearly at random as was possible
under the conditions existing. Usually this meant picking about
tive to ten tish tram eaoh 500 pound box unloaded until~ the
required 50 were obtained. However, same fish oompanies use
300 pound wheelbarrows and som:t a 150 pound basket tor weighing -
the fish instead of the 500 pound box. No strict dispersion of
the sample was attempted but tJrx~V'n not more than two fish
were taken per 100 pounds unloaded. Neither was any attempt
made to spread the sample systematioally t~oughout the whole
trip or any definite part . at it. Taking the tew fish fr·orn eaoh
oontainer resulted in spreading the sample through several
thousand pounds of the boats oatch.
To avbid personal bias in seleoting the fish they were
pioked from theO(lntainelt in as D objeotive a manner as possible •.
The three, five, or eight tish or whatever the number pioked
up were taken trom those nearest a oorner or some other definite
point. It is probably impossible to oompletely avoid personal
bias in piokingup fish in this way but with oare it may be
reduoed to a mtnimam.
Na restriotion was plaoed on proportion at the sexes in the . ( ~ tiu. a:.. 1.:f;r;J-)
samples. Aslgnifioant preponderanoe/\ of fElmales were enoountered.
Of- the 800 fish measured 461 were females. The number in the
samples at 50 varied tram 18 to 39. (The sex was easy to deter~-t,a:..fJZ;;:;C'~ ?i'-rtcv.->
mine from the exterior for the adult redfishl\and fairly' easy
in the case of the i~ature8 but it there was any doubt about
the sex the specimen was opened with a a knife and the determination
!Dade from the gonads.)
..
"
.A.NALYS IS a F THE D"\'TA
Oovarianoe analysis was used to determine the souroes of
variation and the significance of differenoes. Table 2 presents
the results of the analysis for the differences be:twaenesexes
and among areas. The differenoes be.tween sexes is slight, the
value of F being between the 5% and the 1% levels. The differenoe
among areas is highly signifioant being well beyong the 0.1% level.
However this difference among areas is confounded with differences
in the time at whioh the sa~les were taken both in respeot to
calender time and to the period in the spawning oyole which is not
the- same at the same' date in the different areas represented.
Henoe a further examination if neoessary before it oan be stated
that the different areas produce redfish with a di fferent length-
weight relationship.
The significanoe of the time factor was tested by a covariance
analysis or the difference between the first and seoond samples
taken from the six areas which were sa'D.pled twice (Table 3.).
The difference is highly signifioant when both sexes :ue oon-
sidered together or when the females are considered separately
but there is no difference in the males between the first and
second samples. Change inwe~~t at this season of the year is
assooiated chiefly wi th the females. Furthermore it would seem
appropriate to test the significanoe of the differences among
areas by using the ~easure~ents of the ~ales only.
I?e d H.J ~ L e 7Z S rh - Jrh/ J h ;& /1j1,1.- Y C?J/aY/c977~e 477~/yS/S .p;::' i:"h~ 1;.,
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£)1'';1'0 Y · ']1.5"/ • 'f,J;J..;.j , ;2.~ 9 J'l : Yo tJ r;z. (. .'tl3f, 4.j-e; , I!) 0 I J-f: J •
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The covarianoe analysis of the difference among areas was
repeated for the males omly. The F test reveals a difference
well beyond the 1% level. The analysis was also completed for
the females only and as is now to be expeoted and even more
significant difference was found among areas; well beyond the
",
In summary it appears that there is a relatively large
difference in the length weight relatbnship among areas and
a lesser differenoe between sexes but both relationships are oontinuing
confounded by a/lOSS of weight by the females during the period of
the sampling. Let us examine the magnitude of these differences
by means of the regression formulae now that their significance
has been determined.
The various regression formulae are presented in Table 5.
From these formulae values of the weight have been calculated
from assigned values of the length. Several calculated values
are listed for the major regression formulae and only the value
nearest the mean for the individual area regressions. 'This single
value is best for comparisons among areas. Since very few redfish
were less than .40 in length the oalculated values of the weight
for a length of .30 are subject to irregular and non-significant
variations caused by differences in slope
.. _.
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