english text analysis.ppt

8/14/2019 english text analysis.ppt

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Literary Terms

We will be using these literary termsthroughout the school year.

There WILL be literary terms used onyour FINAL EXAMS in May!!

You need to keep up with your notes.

Dont lose your terms! You might beable to use them

be RESPONSIBLE!!


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We will use the following terms:

Character Antagonist Protagonist

Diction Denotation Connotation

Imagery Mood PlotExposition Rising Action Climax

Falling Action Resolution Conflict

Flashback Foreshadowing Suspense

Point of View Setting Style

Theme Tone Figures of Speech

Metaphor Simile Oxymoron

Personification Alliteration


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Character

A character is a person oran animal that takes partin the action of a literarywork.


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Antagonist

The Antagonist is acharacter or force in conflictwith a main character, or

protagonist.


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Do you know your Antagonists???

On your paper take a few minutes to writedown some Antagonists that you canrecall from movies, television shows, andvideo games

Remember the Antagonist is in conflict

with the Protagonist or, main character! Helpful hintyou should now know why

people use the saying Dont antagonizeme!


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Protagonist

The Protagonist is the main

character in a literary workCan you name some famous

Protagonists that are found inliterature?


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Diction Diction is the manner in which

we express words; the wordingused.

Diction = enunciation

Some easy examples are:Dont say goin say going, Dont say wanna say want to


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ConnotationThe connotation of a word is the set of

ideas associated with it in addition to

its explicit meaning. The connotationof a word can be personal, based onindividual experiences. More often,

cultural connotationsthoserecognizable by most people in agroupdetermine a writers word

choices.


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Denotation versus Connotation

Some examples

Cheap is low in cost (denotation) but

stingy or poorly made are theconnotations of cheap


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Lets use the word HOT

The denotation (or dictionary definitionremember d in denotation =

dictionary)of HOT is: having a temperature higherthan that of a human body.

However, when you say Man! He/She is hot!,are you saying Man! He is having a

temperature higher than that of a humanbody!? No!!

You are saying the CONNOTATION of HOTwhich

could mean a variety of thingsman he/she iscute, attractive, beautiful, and many othermeaningsthose come from personalexperiences and cultural meanings, etc.


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Imagery

Imagery is words or phrases

that appeal to one or more ofthe five senses. Writers useimagery to describe how their

subjects look, sound, feel,taste, and smell.


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MOODMood, or atmosphere, is the feeling

created in the reader by a literarywork or passage. Writers use many

devices to create mood, includingimages, dialogue, setting, and plot.Often, a writer creates a mood at the

beginning of a work and thensustains the mood throughout.

Sometimes, however, the mood ofthe work changes dramatically.


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Plot

Plot is the sequence of events. The first eventcauses the second, the second causes the third,and so forth.

In most novels, dramas, short stories, and narrativepoems, the plot involves both characters and acentral conflict.

The plot usually begins with an exposition thatintroduces the setting, the characters, and thebasic situation. This is introduced and developed.

The conflict then increases until it reaches a highpoint of interest or suspense, the climax. Theclimax is followed by the falling action, or end, ofthe central conflict. Any events that occur duringthe falling action make up the resolution.


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PLOTLINE

ExpositionResolution

Climax

Conflict Introduced


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Exposition

The Exposition is the

introduction. It is the partof the work that introduces

the characters, setting, andbasic situation.


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Rising Action

Rising Action is the part of the

plot that begins to occur assoon as the conflict isintroduced. The rising action

adds complications to theconflict and increases reader

interest.


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Climax

The Climax is the point of

greatest emotional intensity,interest, or suspense in theplot of a narrative. The climax

typically comes at the turningpoint in a story or drama.


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Falling Action

Falling Action is the action thattypically follows the climax andreveals its results.


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Resolution

The Resolution is the part ofthe plot that concludes thefalling action by revealing or

suggesting the outcome ofthe conflict.


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Conflict

Conflict is the struggle

between opposing forces ina story or play. There are

two types of conflict thatexist in literature.


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External Conflict

External conflict exists when a character

struggles against some outside force, suchas another character, nature, society, orfate.

Man vs. Man

Man vs. Nature


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Internal Conflict

Internal conflict exists within the mind of a

character who is torn between differentcourses of action.

Man vs. Himself


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The movie Titanicis told almost entirely in a

flashback.

What are some other films that containflashback to help tell stories?

Holes

Willy Wonka

Think of some more

Flashback continued


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Can you think of an

element offoreshadowing?


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Suspense

Suspense is the growing interest andexcitement readers experience while

awaiting a climax or resolution in a workof literature. It is a feeling of anxiousuncertainty about the outcome of events.

Writers create suspense by raisingquestions in the minds of their readers.


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Point of View

Point of View is the perspective, or vantagepoint, from which a story is told. It is the

relationship of the narrator to the story.First-person is told by a character who uses

the first-person pronoun I.

Third-person limited point of view is thepoint of view where the narrator usesthird-person pronouns such as he and

she to refer to the characters.


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SettingThe setting of a literary work is the time andplace of the action.

The setting includes all the details of a place andtimethe year, the time of day, even theweather. The place may be a specific country,

state, region, community, neighborhood,building, institution, or home.

Details such as dialect, clothing, customs, andmodes of transportation are often used toestablish setting.

In most stories, the setting serves as a backdropa context in which the characters interact.The setting of a story often helps to create a

particular mood, or feeling.


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Style

Style is the distinctive way in whichan author uses language.

Word choice, phrasing, sentencelength, tone, dialogue, purpose,and attitude toward the audience

and subject can all contribute toan authors writing style.


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Theme

The theme of a literary work is its centralmessage, concern, or purpose. A theme canusually be expressed as a generalization, or

general statement, about people or life. Thetheme may be stated directly by the writeralthough it is more often presented indirectly.When the theme is stated indirectly, the reader

must figure out the theme by looking carefully atwhat the work reveals about the people or aboutlife.


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Tone

Tone is a reflection of a writers or speakersattitude toward a subject of a poem, story, or

other literary work. Tone may be communicatedthrough words and details that expressparticular emotions and that evoke andemotional response from the reader.

For example, word choice or phrasing may seemto convey respect, anger, lightheartedness, orsarcasm.


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Figures of Speech

A figure of speech is a specific device or kind offigurative language, such as hyperbole,metaphor, personification, simile, orunderstatement.

Figurative language is used for descriptive effect,

often to imply ideas indirectly. It is not meantto be taken literally. Figurative language is usedto state ideas in vivid and imaginative ways.


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Metaphor

A Metaphor is a type of speech thatcompares or equates two or more things

that have something in common. Ametaphor does NOT use likeor as.

Example: Life is a bowlof cherries.


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Simile

A Simile is another figure of speech thatcompares seemingly unlike things.

Similes DO use the words likeor as.

Example: Her voice was like nails on a

chalkboard.


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Oxymoron

An Oxymoron is a figure of speech that is acombination of seemingly contradictory

words.

Examples: Same difference

Pretty uglyRoaring silence


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Alliteration

Alliteration is the repetition of sounds, mostoften consonant sounds, at the beginning

of words. Alliteration gives emphasis towords.

Example: Peter Piper picked a peck of

pickled peppers

english text analysis.ppt

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