Subject:

English

Module: VI

Topic:- Use of the Dictionary

- What are the Affixes?

Members:

Remedios Vásquez López

Kevin Asunción López Mayorga

Edwin Klisman Zapata Zurita

Lázaro Cerino Magaña

Jesús Frías Cordova

USE OF THE DICTIONARY

The dictionary is a book that collects, in alphabetical order, the words that make up a language and clarifies its meaning is different. The dictionary can be used both for the meaning of a word and its spelling.

For Example :To search for “Summer" I have to:

1. Locate the letter “S", which will be after the “R" and before “T" according to the alphabet. Although longer have to search the whole book, as still many pages to read one by one.

2. Finding, reading the words at the top end, the beginning “Su".

3. Find Now "SUM". Suddenly I find that the left page has at its upper end the word "Summon" and I know the word I'm looking is later. In this way, my whole search is restricted to a few pages.

4. Read the words of both pages, always guided by alphabetical order, to find “Summer".

Then corresponding to the page of a dictionary model is offered.

Abbreviations

It is a kind of shorthand, an orthographic convention shortened writing a term or expression, and is written in a word or group of words with only one or several of his lyrics representation.

Cognates

One aspect that makes learning Spanish much easier is the existence of cognates. Words that are similar in both languages and therefore are easy to remember.

Exact cognates

Are words that are spelled the same and have the same meaning.

For example:

hospital, error, tango, industrial, natural, patio, taco, panorama, radio, collar, regular, general, local, idea, vigor, social, director, cruel, factor, rival, terrible, panorama, hotel, grave, mantilla, color, guerrilla, chocolate, cruel, probable, editor, real, central, crisis, animal, moral, adorable, neutral, vision, personal, posible, actor, mosquito.

Close cognates

Such cognates are words that have the same meaning but spelled a little different.

For example:

Elegant, solution, figure, human, university, communication, justice, profound, movement, nation, important, energy, move, international, special, liberty, activity, tomatoes, model, opportunity, intelligent, literature, exclusive, vacation, objective, humanity, admire, map, vitamin, education, silence, dialogue, modern, music, product.

False cognates

These are the words that both languages are written similarly but have different meanings in English.

WHAT ARE THE AFFIXES?

Affixes are linguistic sequences (prefixes) come before (suffixes) are postponed on a word to change its meaning.

The objective of the affixes is to alter the meaning of the words that stick.

For example:

WORD BASE WITH PREFIX WITH SUFFIX

happy (feliz) unhappy happiness

tolerant (tolerante) intolerant tolerance

use (usar) misuse useful

Affixes are divided into prefixes (before) and suffixes (after).

Prefixes: Always appear in position before lexemes. They

are unstressed and lack the ability to change the grammatical category of the original word.

For example:

FUNCTION Example

de- (niega) degenerate

inter-  (entre) interconnect

re-  (volver a) reconstruct

dis-  (niega) disconnect

mis- (mal) misinterpret

sub - (inferior) subway

ex - (anterior) expresident

non - (niega) noneffective

trans - (a través) transatlantic

in - (niega) incorrect

pre - (anterior) prenatal

un - (niega) unnatural

Suffixes  

They are added to the end of nouns, adjectives, verbs and words. Changing nouns into adjectives, adverbs, adjectives, verbs, nouns or adjectives, etc. in order to get a different meaning.

Some of the most common suffixes are:

FUNCTION Example

- able  (capacidad de) rasonable

- full  (lleno de) beautiful

- ment  (término de sustantivo) government

- ist  (término de sustantivo) communist

- al  (terminación de adjetivo) sensational

- hood  (estado de) childhood

- ness  (terminación de sustantivo)

richness

- less  (sin) colorless

- er/or  (en sustantivo el que ejecuta la acción)

readeractor

- er/or  (en adjetivos significa más que)

taller than

- ish  (terminación de adjetivo) readish

-ous (terminación de adjetivo) obvious

- ship (terminación de sustantivo) friendship

- ess (terminación de sustantivo femenino)

actress

- ly  (termino de adverbio) occasionally

- tion  (terminio de sustantivo) liberation

Thanks for your

attention