english project hukic_damir_03
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The UniverseThe Universe
Seconde F
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Order of MagnitudeOrder of Magnitude
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Order of MagnitudeOrder of Magnitude
1 Gm = 1 gigameter = 10^9 meters = 1 000 000 000 m1 nm = 1 nanometer = 10^(-9) meter = 0.000000001 m
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Order of MagnitudeOrder of Magnitude
Nucleus of an atom
nucleus
AtomBacteriaHumansEarthSunSolar System
Interstellar distanceGalaxyObservable universe
1000 kg 1 Kg
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Order of MagnitudeOrder of Magnitude
Filling of space by the matter is essentially incomplete, at both tiny (atom) and big
(cosmos) scales (essentially void around us)
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Speed of lightSpeed of lightSpeed of light in vacuum is a phyical constant : c = 3.10^8 m/s = 300 000 000 m/s The light is composed of photons and is propagated in straight line
Speed of light (speed of propagation) depends only on the medium
speed(vacuum) = speed(air) = c = 3.10^8 m/s
speed(water) < cRefraction index n : quantity without
unit
A.Einstein 1879 - 1955
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Speed of lightSpeed of lightGalilée, Romer, Cassini, Newton,
Michelson.. using astronomy The meter is the distance travelled
by the light in the void during 1/299 792 458 second
v = c (m/s)
m
s
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Speed of lightSpeed of light
d = 1m
d = 150 000 000 Km
Even if the light of speed is great, the gigantic distances at the cosmos scale cause delays (we don’t
see things in ‘real time’)
s m
m/s
s km
km/s
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Light-yearLight-yearA light-year is the distance travelled
by the light in vacuum during one year
The light-year (ly) is not a new unit, it’s used only because it’s handy with the gigantic distances we
have in the cosmos
m
m/s
s
1 year converted in seconds
1 ly
roughly
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Light-yearLight-year
I see dinosaurs
How far are we from this planet?Extinction of the
dinosaurs : 65 millions years ago
The aliens are at least 65 000 000 light-years away from us
Watch far = Watch in the past
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Light-yearLight-year
Questions ?
Homework