ENGLISH PBSMR/PMRPUSAT TUISYEN OMEGA TERUNGGUL

Grammar: PREPOSITIONS { in , on or at }

She's at her desk. It's on the desk. They're in the drawer

At is one-dimensional. How to use?

as a point in spaceAt + event.At + building+ time

The car was waiting at the lights.There's someone at the door.

We met at Daphne's party, didn't we?

The Browns are at the theatre. I bought these dishes at the supermarket.Nicola is fifteen. She's still at school.

I will meet you later at 3 pm

On is two-dimensional. How to use?

We use it for a surface.

We also use on for a line.

We also use on in this special sense/day

Don't leave your glass on the floor.There were lots of pictures on the walls.

The house is right on the main road, so it's a bit noisy.

I haven't got any money on/ with me at the moment.On Sunday morning

In is three-dimensional.

How to use?

We use it when we see something as all around-In general we use in for a country or town and at for a smaller place.- in + month

I had five pounds in my pocket.Who's that man in the green sweater?There was a man sitting in the waiting room.

I live at Butterworth which is located in northern MalaysiaThere will be an exhibition in February

ExamplesAtOnIn

at 52 Grove Roadat your houseat the stationat home/work/schoolat the seasideat the back/end of

on 42nd Street (USA)on the third flooron the platformon the pageon the screenon the islandon the beach/coaston the right/lefton the back of anon the floorin Spain/Bristolin Grove Roadin the lessonin a book/newspaperin the photo/picturein the countryin the middlein the back/front ofa carin a queue/line/rowIn May

Exercise

Fill in the blank with in , on or at.

1.Well be going out_________________a moment. 2.It is very dark_______________night. 3.____________________3 September, I am going to London. 4.It sometimes rains________________the evenings. 5.The final examination is_________________October. 6.The bus leaves_________________9.00 a.m.every day. 7.What do you do_______________Saturdays? 8.The drama competition will be held_________________June. 9.My grandfather takes me fishing_______________Fridays. 10.It is very cold__________________winter. 11.There is no electricity_______________this village. 12.They will stay__________________a hotel in Kuala Terengganu. 13.There is a kettle_______________the stove. 14.The bucket is_________________the bathroom. 15._________________Deepavali,Muthu wakes up very early. 16.I saw a few horses_______________the field. 17.Santubong is a village_______________Sarawak. 18.The children wore colourful clothes_______________the concert. 19.We found many drawings_________________the walls of the caves. 20.What did you see_________________the exhibition? 21.The bell will be ringing______________a few minutes. 22.They are afraid to go out___________night. 23.The exhibition is_____________4th April. 24.What do you usually do_____________the evenings? 25.Turtles come to the Rantau Abang beach_____________May. 26.The plane will be arriving___________half past two. 27.Many people come to Lake Titiwangsa_____________Sundays. 28.The Barcelona Olympics was held_____________June. 29._____________Fridays, the Hindus go to the temple to pray. 30.There is no water______________the bucket.

Graphics Stimuli

1. Study the road sign below and answer the question that followsWhat is the purpose of having humps on roads?

A To warn drivers to pick up speed.B To warn drivers to drive slowly along that road.C To warn drivers of potholes.D To warn drivers of the uneven surface of the road

2. Read the sign below and answer the question that follows.

Visitors to the zoo must observe the sign because the animalsA have been fed alreadyB are fussy about their dietC have fixed feeding timesD might become overweight

3. Study the sign below and answer the question that follows.

This sign means that the traffic lights areA not working properlyB for the use of certain carsC being servicedD in perfect condition

4. Read the notice below and answer the question that follows.

According to the notice, each customer

A can buy only one unit of the itemB can buy until everything is sold outC can buy at one per cent discountD can buy from the stocks in the shop

5. Read the sign below and answer the question that follows.

Which statement best describes the sign above?

A Bank customers are not allowed to carry mobile phones.B It is illegal to use mobile phones at all times.C Bank customers should not use their mobile phones.D Mobile phones should be left outside the bank.

6. Read the notice below and answer the question that follows.

Anyone who wants to fill up his tank mustA pay the pump attendantB pay with his credit cardC pay at the counterD pay the cashier extra amount

7. Study the road sign below and answer the question that follows.

The traffic warden is telling the childrenA not to cross the roadB to be careful as they cross the roadC to look out for cars when they cross the roadD it is safe to cross the road.

8. Read the notice below and answer the question that follows.

This notice is usually seen atA construction sitesB petrol stationsC taxi standsD coconut plantations

Closest Meaning

YearExpressions meanings in Context

20001. Coming over visiting2. Keep an eye on take care of3. Count on trust4. Were in the same boat in a similar situation5. It is his red-letter day special day6. Ill bear that in mind I have to remember it

20011. Unless something crops up if nothing unexpected happens2. Its a stones throw away not too far3. Cut down on reduce4. I have all the facts at my fingertips I am very well prepared5. You use to study at the eleventh hour last minute6. turn over a new leaf promised to better myself

20021. Face the music be punished2. Turn over a new leaf stop all bad habits and start anew3. Flying colours excellent results4. Come on foot had to walk5. Thats the usual lame excuse poor reason6. Ill let you off Ill excuse you

Practice 1

Read the conversation below and choose the best meaning for the phrases that are underlined

Situation B: Janet and her sister, Gina are talking about Janets exams.Janet: Im worried about my exams. I dont think I do well and Dads going to get mad with me.Gina: Dont worry, itll be a piece of cake. (22) Youre a smart girl.Janet: Its easy for you to say that. Youre the apple of his eye. 23) Im just his youngest daughter.Gina: Well, all you have to do is set your mind to it and try your best.Janet: Thats true. Where theres a will, theres a way. (24) Right?Gina: Thats the spirit.

1. a piece of cake 2. the apple of his eye A delicious A. his pain in the eye B an easy task B. his apple in the eye C nice to eat cake C. his favourite person D like a cake D. his annoying daughter

2 . Where theres a will, theres a way A You need a will before you can see the way. B You can find the path if you have lost your way. C You can achieve anything if you are determined. D You can put your mind to anything if there is a correct way.

Comprehension

I was extremely excited when I was told that I had to attend a meeting in Batu Pahat. Being a Penangite, it was indeed fun to go somewhere far as it would be a change from my normal routine, However, there was only one problem how to get there?

I could not take a flight so the only other alternative was to travel by bus. I went to enquire at the bus station and was told that there was a night bus which would arrive in Batu Pahat at approximately 5.30 in the morning.

This was fine but then, I would have to wait at the hotel lobby until check-in time at two oclock in the afternoon. I finally took the morning Johor Bharu bus that would drop me off at a small town called Yong Peng which is near Batu Pahat.

The bus arrived in Yang Peng at about three oclock in the afternoon, and I alighted where most buses stopped for passengers to get refreshments and stretch their legs. I enquired from someone and was told to wait at a bus stop across the road.Hence, I waited eagerly. Ten minutes became twenty and twenty became an hour!

An hour passed but I was still there in the shabby, old bus stop and people in passing cars started giving me strange looks. Finally, an old bus arrived and it took another hour before I finally reached the hotel. This will definitely be one experience that I will never forget

1. The writer was looking forward to the meeting because he would

A gain a new experienceB be travelling on a busC gel some refreshmentD be taking a flight

2 The writer went to the bus station to

A enquire about routes to Johor BharuB look for passengers going to PenangC board the 2.00 p.m. bus to Yong PengD find out about the bus schedule to Batu Pahat3 The writer decided not to take the night bus because

A the bus was in a bad conditionB the bus would drop him off at Yong PengC he would arrive at Batu Pahat very early in the morningD he would have to wait long before checking in at the hotel4. The word alighted means

A got downB dozed offC set aboutD put up5. The bus stopped at long Peng to allow the passengers to

A lake a napB relax themselvesC check into a hotelD change to a new bus6. The writer was ____________________ when he finally reached the hotel.

A relievedB worriedC excitedD embarrassed

THE DEAD CROW BY A. SAMAD SAIDPoemMeaning

He saw a dead crowin a drainnear the post office.The poet said that a man saw a crow dead in a drain near the post office. In many cultures, the crow symbolizes a lot of bad things such as misfortune, sickness, death, disaster and bad luck. So, by mentioning the crow at the very beginning of the poem, the poet may be preparing us for the many bad things that are to come.

He saw an old mangasping for airand a baby barely able to breathein a crowded morning clinic.In a clinic, he saw both old and young patients with breathing difficulties and the word crowded shows us that many other people were also sick.

This land is so richWhy should we suffer like this?The poet says that we should not suffer like this since our country is very rich in natural resources.

I want clean airFor my grandchildren,The poet demands unpolluted air for his future generations.

I want the damned foolsto leave the forest alone.The poet angrily calls for those responsible for destroying the forests by logging and development activities. So stop doing so immediately.

I want the trees to grow,and rivers to run free,and the earth covered with grass.He wants to see trees growing, the rivers unclogged by pollution and green grass sprouting everywhere.

Let the politician planhow we may live in dignity,now and always.

The policy makers should plan the proper use of the land so that the people can lead better lives now and forever.

1. When the poet says This land is so rich, he means that there are many [PMR 2002] A grassy lands B large families C wealthy people D natural resources

2. What is the poem mainly about? A The plans made by politicians C The destruction of the environment B The importance of industrialization D The food problems faced by people

3. The second stanza tells us that the poet is most probably A relaxed B annoyed C relieved D satisfied

4. In stanza 1, where was the baby seen? [PMR 2005] A A drain B A clinic C A forest D A post office

5. The line Why should we suffer like this? shows A laziness B proudness C anger D boredom

6. I in stanza 2 would like _________ for the second generation. A clean air B rich land C damned fools

7. The poet wants the damned fools to A replant the forest C stop cutting down the trees B cut down every tree D continue cutting down the trees

8. If the land is used properly, the people will A be able to lead a better quality life C not benefit in any way B suffer forever D have to bear the consequences of pollution

9. The word grandchildren in line 2 of stanza 2 can stand for A the children of ones children C ones descendants B those born before us D ones ancestors

10. Instead of a damaged environment, the poet wants all these things except A trees growing everywhere C unclogged rivers flowing freely B rivers chocked with rubbish D green grass growing all over the place

ENGLISH PBSMR/PMRPUSAT TUISYEN OMEGA TERUNGGULComparison

Regular formsAdjectivesAdjectiveComparativeSuperlative

1. Of one syllable, add-(e)r/-(e)st to form their comparative & superlative forms.smallhotsafesmaller (than)hotter (than)safer (than)the smallest (of/in)the hottest (of/in)the safest (of/in)

2. Of two syllables ending in-ly, -y, -w, also add -er/-est.friendlybusyshallowfriendlier (than)busier (than)shallower (than)the friendliest (of/in)the busiest (of/in) the shallowest (of/in)

3. Of two or more syllables, take more/most.seriousamazingmore serious (than)more amazing (than)the most serious (of/in) the most amazing (of/in)

Usage1. We use the comparative to compare one person/ thing with another.e.g.Mary is prettier than Ann.This car is more expensive than the others.

2. We use the superlative to compare one person/ thing with more than one of the same group.e.g.He is the fastest runner of all.She is the most intelligent child in the family.

3. We often use than after a comparative. We normally use the before a superlative. We often use of or in after a superlative. We use in with places.e.g.She is shorter than you.This problem is more complicated than that one.I am the smartest of all.This room is the most comfortable one in the hotel.

4. Certain adjectives form their comparative and superlative in both ways, either by adding -er/-est to the adjectives or by taking more/most. Some of these are: clever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, narrow, pleasant, polite, shallow, simple, stupid, quiet.e.g.simple - simpler - the simplest ALSOsimple - more simple - the most simple

Regular formsAdverbsAdverbComparativeSuperlative

1. Adverbs having the same forms as their adjectives add -er/-est.longfastearlylonger (than)faster (than)earlier (than)(the) longest(the) fastest(the) earliest

2. Two syllables or compound adverbs (adjectives+-ly, e.g. careful-carefully) take more/most.

oftenslowlyquicklymore often (than)more slowly (than)more quickly (than)(the) most often (the) most slowly (the) most quickly

Irregular formsAdjectives/AdverbsComparativeSuperlative

good/ wellbad/badlymuch/ many/ a lot oflittlefewfar betterworsemorelessfewerfarther/further best worst most least fewest farther/furthest

Usage1. Well is the adverb of good. e.g.He is a good cook. He cooks well.

2. further (adj) = more e.g.For further information contact Mr White.further/farther (adv) = longer (in distance)e.g.He walked further/farther than I did. 3. very + adjectivee.g.It is very hot weather.

4. most + adj/adv = verye.g.He was most obliging. = He was very obliging.

5. even/much/far/a bit + comparative e.g. My sister behaved even worse than before. Susan is much more patient with children than Lily is.

6. any + comparative (used in negatives & questions)e.g.This article was not any better than the previous one.

Types of Comparison Examples 1. as (adj/adv) asnot so/as as (adj/adv) assuch a(n)/so as She speaks as calmly as usual.It is not so/as hot as it was yesterday.This is not such an exciting film as the last one.

2. twice/three times /half/ etc as (adj/adv) as Their house is three times as big as ours.His watch cost half as much as mine.

3. the same asYour violin is the same as the one Ive bought.

4. less (adj/adv) thanthe least (adj/adv) of/inThe red sofa is less expensive than the blue one,but the black one is the least expensive of all.

5. the + comparative , the + comparativeThe earlier you start, the sooner youll finish.

6. comparative + and + comparativeTheir life is getting better and better.

Exercise AComplete the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives/ adverbs. Adjective/ Adverb Comparative Superlative

e.g. high higher highest

1. loud

2. large

3. thin

4. heavy

5. quiet

6. quietly

7. intelligently

8. dependent

9. good/well

10. difficult

Exercise BChoose the correct option for each of the following sentences.e.g.He worked more efficiently than I did. (efficiently, more efficiently, most efficiently)

1.Her promotion was the __________ moment of her life. (proud, prouder, proudest)2.Hawaii is _________ from Hong Kong than Japan. (far, farther, farthest) 3.This ring is too _________ for me. (small, smaller, smallest)4.It is _________ to ask for help than solve the problem by yourself. (easy, easier, easiest)5.Graces work is __________, but Joans is __________. (good, better, best) 6.August is __________ than any other month. (hot, hotter, hottest)7.Do you support his __________ proposal? (late, later, latest)8.Prevention is __________ than cure. (good, better, best)9.He may be the __________ man in Hong Kong. (rich, richer, richest)10.This pair of glasses is as __________ as that pair. (fashionable, more fashionable, most fashionable)Exercise C

Fill in each blank with the correct form adjective/ adverb, comparative or superlative.e.g. The manager is the most powerful man here. (powerful)

1. Iron is _______________ than other metals. (useful)2. My English teacher is as _______________ as Andy Lau. (handsome)3. His Chinese is getting _____________ and _______________. (bad) 4. The _______________ he gets, the _______________ he becomes. (old, wise)5. Ann does not swim so _______________ as her coach claims. (quickly)6. Which is _______________, grammar or vocabulary? (important)7. Staying at home is _______________ than going on holiday abroad. (comfortable)8. The _______________ money you spend, the _______________ you can save. (little, much)9. The new job is the _______________ one that I have had. (challenging)10. This mini-bus driver is much _______________ than any other driver. (kind)

Exercise DRewrite the following sentences using the words given, without changing the meaning.

e.g.No one else in the team plays better than he does. (best)He plays the best in the team.

1.No other dancer is as graceful as she is in the play. (most graceful)_________________________________________________________________________2.Susan dresses more smartly than Emily. (less smartly)_________________________________________________________________________3.Tom is noisier than his brothers. (as noisy as)_________________________________________________________________________4.If you try harder, you will do better. (the harder)_________________________________________________________________________5.Wealth is not as good as health. (better)_________________________________________________________________________6.Mr. Chan is younger than he looks. (old) _________________________________________________________________________7.It got darker and the situation became worse. (the darker)_________________________________________________________________________8.Sandy does not study so diligently as she did in the past. (less diligently)_________________________________________________________________________9.His father is the most capable man in the office. (as capable as)_________________________________________________________________________10.Losing weight is not so easy as putting on weight. (difficult)_________________________________________________________________________

Comprehension

Jerry was the kind of person who was always in a good mood and had something positive to say. When someone would ask him how he was doing, he would reply, If I were any better, I would be twins!

He was a unique manager because he had several waiters who had followed him around from one restaurant to another. They followed Jerry because of his attitude. He was a natural motivator. If an employee was having a bad day, Jerry was there telling the employee how to look on the positive side of the situation.

Seeing this style really made me curious. So one day, I went up to Jerry and asked him, I dont get it! You cant be a positive person all the time. How do you do it? Jerry replied, Each morning I wake up and say to myself, Jerry, you have two choices today. You can choose to be in a good mood or a bad mood. I choose to be in a good mood. Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a victim or to learn from it. I choose to learn from it. Every time someone comes to me complaining, I can choose to accept their complaints or to point out the positive side of life. I choose the positive side of life. Its not that easy! I protested. Yes, it is. Jerry said. Life is all about choices. Every situation is a choice.

You choose how you react to situations and you choose how people will affect your mood. The bottom line is, its your choice how you live your life. I reflected on what Jerry said.

Soon, I left the restaurant industry to start my own business. We lost touch but I often thought about him when I made a choice about life. Several years later, I heard that Jerry did something you are never supposed to do in a restaurant business. He left the back door open one morning and was held up at gunpoint by three armed robbers. While trying to open the safe, his hand shaking from nervousness, slipped off the combinations. The robbers panicked and shot him.

Luckily Jerry was found quickly and rushed to the local trauma centre. After 18 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, Jerry was released from the hospital with bullet fragments still in his body. I saw Jerry about six months after the robbery. He wanted to show his scars but I declined. However I did ask him what had gone through his mind as the robbery took place. Jerry replied.While lying wounded on the floor, I remembered I had two choices, to live or to die. I chose to live.

1. What made Jerry a unique manager?A He always had something positive to sayB He had several loyal employeesC He was always in a good moodD He wanted to have a twin

2. Each morning Jerry _________________ to live his life.A hummed a tune to himselfB avoided bad incidentsC listened to complaintsD contemplated the two choices

3. Why did the writer lose contact with Jerry?A The writer left to start a businessB The writer had forgotten about JerryC The writer protested at Jerrys view of lifeD The writer wanted to be free from Jerrys influences

4. Jerry was robbed becauseA his safe had no combinations.B his front door was unlocked.C his back door was left ajar.D his restaurant had flourished.

5. The word slipped off can best be replaced withA took offB put offC missedD rejected6. After Jerry was shot, heA spent weeks in intensive care.B underwent a minor surgery.C refused to see his wounds.D had a trauma for life

7. The writer was _____________________ when knowing Jerry was robbed.A excitedB surprisedC delightedD puzzled

8. Which of the following statements is true?A Jerry was pessimistic towards life.B Jerry was agitated during the robbery.C The robbers shot Jerry after stealing his money.D The robbers broke down the door to enter the restaurant

Questions 11-20 are based on the following text.

Judo demands mental precision and intense speed and agility from its players. It is the ultimate duel ___11___ two athletes bodies and minds. In Japanese, the word judo means gentle but watch the athletes train or go into combat and ___12___ word gentle doesnt ___13___ to mind!Judo was founded by Professor Jigaro Kano in 1882 as a tamer alternative to the more dangerous martial art of jujitsu ___14___ was used by the samurai warriors of ancient Japan. When judo was introduced at the Tokyo Olympic Games in 1964, everyone thought the Japanese would win all the medals. They almost ___15___! A Dutchman named Anton Geesink won gold in the open event. Womens judo ___16___ introduced in the Barcelona 1992 Olympic Games. For the first time, Judo athletes in the 2000 Olympic games wore ___17___ judo suits called judogis (one in blue and the other in white) instead of the traditional white judogis.An Olympic match begins with a ceremonial bow. When the referee gives the command hajme (which means begin fighting), men have five minutes and women have four minutes to score a single point or an ippon and win the contest. An ippon is scored when a player is ___18___ onto their back and pinned down for 30 seconds or when a player is strangled or arm-locked ___19___ submission. ___20___ neither athlete has scored, the referee and judge decide who is the winner.

11 A Between B Among C Beside D Against

12 A A B An C The

13 A Come B Comes C Came D Coming

14 A Which B When C What D Whose

15 A Do B Did C Does

16 A Is B Are C Was D Were

17 A Colour B Colours C Coloured D Colouring

18 A Throw B Throws C Threw D Thrown

19 A On B Onto C In D Into

20 A If B Even C Because D Eventhough

Adam : I heard that Farouk is vying for (21) the post of Head Boy in the coming election.Bakhtiar: I believe Danial is a better candidate! Someone should talk him into (22) nominating himself.Adam: I agree with you. Danial is such a fine and respectable person. We should be friends with him so that his good nature will rub off (23) on us as well.Bakhtiar: Thats him over there. Lets go over and say hello.

21 vying forA preparing forB planning forC waiting forD contesting for

22. talk him intoA deter himB pursue himC persuade himD discourage him

23. rub offA followB reactC ShowD Help

Summary Writing