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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-46566-4 – A/AS Level English Language and Literature for AQA Student BookMarcello Giovanelli, Andrea Macrae, Felicity Titjen, Ian Cushing, Edited by Marcello GiovanelliFrontmatterMore information
© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATUREA /AS Level for AQAStudent BookMarcello Giovanelli, Andrea Macrae, Felicity Titjen and Ian CushingSeries editor: Marcello Giovanelli
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-46566-4 – A/AS Level English Language and Literature for AQA Student BookMarcello Giovanelli, Andrea Macrae, Felicity Titjen, Ian Cushing, Edited by Marcello GiovanelliFrontmatterMore information
© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom
Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.
It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.
www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/ukschools/9781107465664 (Paperback) www.cambridge.org/ukschools/9781107465671 (Cambridge Elevate-enhanced Edition) www.cambridge.org/ukschools/9781107465657 (Paperback + Cambridge Elevate-enhanced Edition)
© Cambridge University Press 2015
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2015
Printed in the United Kingdom by Latimer Trend
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-107-46566-4 Paperback ISBN 978-1-107-46567-1 Cambridge Elevate-enhanced Edition ISBN 978-1-107-46565-7 Paperback + Cambridge Elevate-enhanced Edition
Additional resources for this publication at www.cambridge.org/ukschools
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables, and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter.
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This textbook has been approved by AQA for use with our qualification. This means that we have checked that it broadly covers the specification and we are satisfied with the overall quality. Full details of our approval process can be found on our website.
We approve textbooks because we know how important it is for teachers and students to have the right resources to support their teaching and learning. However, the publisher is ultimately responsible for the editorial control and quality of this book.
Please note that when teaching the AS and A Level English Language and Literature (7706, 7707) course, you must refer to AQA’s specification as your definitive source of information. While this book has been written to match the specification, it cannot provide complete coverage of every aspect of the course.
A wide range of other useful resources can be found on the relevant subject pages of our website: aqa.org.uk
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-46566-4 – A/AS Level English Language and Literature for AQA Student BookMarcello Giovanelli, Andrea Macrae, Felicity Titjen, Ian Cushing, Edited by Marcello GiovanelliFrontmatterMore information
© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Introduction p.4
Beginning1 What does the study of language and literature mean
at A Level?p.8
2 Text producers and receivers p.12
3 Mode and genre p.16
4 Variation, register and representation p.20
5 Narrative p.24
6 Language level 1: Lexis and semantics p.28
7 Language level 2: Grammar p.35
8 Language level 3: Phonetics, phonology and prosodics p.41
9 Language level 4: Graphology p.46
10 Language level 5: Pragmatics p.50
11 Language level 6: Discourse p.55
12 Analysing texts p.60
13 Literature and literariness p.64
14 Becoming an investigator p.68
DevelopingIntroduction to Telling stories p.70
15 Remembered places p.72
15.1 Introduction to the anthology p.72
15.2 Why Paris? p.73
15.3 Remembering places p.74
15.4 Re-creative writing and Remembered places p.77
15.5 Places, people and events p.80
15.6 Metaphor p.85
15.7 Genre p.89
15.8 Bringing it all together: AS Level p.100
15.9 Bringing it all together: A Level p.103
16 Imagined worlds p.107
16.1 The fantasy genre p.107
16.2 Setting up fictional worlds p.110
16.3 Characterisation p.118
16.4 Point of view p.127
16.5 Interpretations of fantasy p.133
16.6 Bringing it all together: AS Level p.135
16.7 Bringing it all together: A Level p.139
17 Poetic voices p.144
17.1 Introduction p.144
17.2 The set texts and approaching the poetry anthology
p.149
17.3 Analysing poetry from a language perspective p.151
17.4 Voice p.154
17.5 Voice in poetry through time p.162
17.6 Language and poetic voice p.165
17.7 Bringing it all together: AS Level p.179
17.8 Bringing it all together: A Level p.181
Introduction to Exploring conflict p.183
18 Writing about society p.186
18.1 Literature, society and re-creative writing p.186
18.2 Re-creative writing, from the exploratory and experimental to the targeted and strategic
p.192
18.3 Commentary: analytical explanations of re-creative writing
p.207
18.4 Bringing it all together p.211
19 Dramatic encounters p.214
19.1 Exploring conflict p.214
19.2 Representing turn-taking p.220
19.3 Representing speech and meaning p.223
19.4 Exploring dramatic conventions p.225
19.5 Psychological and social drama: Williams, Miller and Kinnear
p.228
19.6 Creating characters p.231
19.7 Power and positioning p.234
19.8 The importance of politeness p.239
19.9 Exploring themes p.242
19.10 Bringing it all together p.244
20 Making connections p.247
20.1 What is Making connections? p.247
20.2 Choosing connections p.248
20.3 Thinking about texts p.248
20.4 Thinking about non-literary connections p.250
20.5 Thinking about topics p.251
20.6 Choosing methodologies p.253
20.7 Data collection methods p.254
20.8 Ethical considerations p.255
20.9 Working with spoken data p.255
20.10 How much literary and non-literary material? p.257
20.11 Devising research questions p.258
20.12 Selecting language levels p.260
20.13 Analysis: structuring connections p.260
20.14 Reading and writing critically p.261
20.15 Academic conventions: References p.264
20.16 Exploring connections p.265
20.17 Keeping context in mind p.266
20.18 Bringing it all together p.273
Enriching21 Remembered places p.275
22 Imagined worlds p.280
23 Poetic voices p.287
24 Writing about society p.291
25 Dramatic encounters p.298
26 Making connections p.303
References p.306Index p.307
Acknowledgements p.309
Contents
3
Contents
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-46566-4 – A/AS Level English Language and Literature for AQA Student BookMarcello Giovanelli, Andrea Macrae, Felicity Titjen, Ian Cushing, Edited by Marcello GiovanelliFrontmatterMore information
© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
IntroductionWelcome to this student book for your AQA A/AS Level English Language and Literature course!
The AQA English Language and Literature AS/A Level specifications promote a fully integrated vision for the subject where the same methods of analysis, skills and frameworks can be used to explore both literary and non-literary texts. This student book supports AQA’s vision by giving you the tools to be able to analyse the language of all kinds of texts, literary and non-literary, precisely and with confidence. Covering the specification, and supported by an enhanced digital edition on the Cambridge Elevate platform, this book also:• develops your expertise in understanding and
discussing the key underpinning principles of the AQA specifications: genre; narrative; point of view; register; representation and the whole question of ‘literariness’
• supports the essential skills of text analysis and academic and creative writing in coherent, lively and engaging ways
• supports co-teachability by helping you to work your way through the course in a clear and logical way, whether you are studying AS or A Level.
This student book supports the specifications and helps you to develop the different skills you will be assessed on – skills which will stand you in good stead beyond AS or A Level, whatever you go on to do.
About the specificationsThe AS Level specification has two components:
Paper 1: Views and voices
What it is: In this component you will learn about how and why views and perspectives of different kinds are shaped and used in narratives.
You will also learn how language choices help to shape the representations of different worlds and perspectives in prose fiction that constructs imaginary worlds and poetry that constructs a strong sense of personal perspective.
How it is assessed: 1½ hour exam worth 50% of your AS.
Beginning unit
Developing unit
Enriching unit
4
A/AS Level English Language and Literature for AQA
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-46566-4 – A/AS Level English Language and Literature for AQA Student BookMarcello Giovanelli, Andrea Macrae, Felicity Titjen, Ian Cushing, Edited by Marcello GiovanelliFrontmatterMore information
© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Paper 2: People and places
What it is: In this component you will learn about the ways in which writers and speakers present narratives about Paris using the AQA Anthology and consider why and how people tell stories about places. You will also produce re-creative work and write a critical reflection on your writing.
How it is assessed: 1½ hour exam worth 50% of your AS.
The A Level specification has three components:
Paper 1: Telling stories
What it is: In this component you will learn about how and why stories of different kinds are told and the ways in which writers and speakers present stories. You will explore these questions by studying narratives that construct different views of Paris (using the AQA Anthology), prose fiction that constructs imaginary worlds and poetry that constructs a strong sense of personal perspective.
How it is assessed: 3 hour exam worth 40% of your A Level.
Paper 2: Exploring conflict
What it is: In this component you will learn about how language choices help to construct ideas of conflict between people, and between people and their societies. You will explore concepts such as power and identity and analyse the ways that interactions are presented in texts. You will produce re-creative work that seeks to find an absent or underplayed perspective in a novel, write a critical reflection on your work and study drama that explores conflicts at different levels from the domestic to the societal.
How it is assessed: 2½ hour exam worth 40% of your A Level.
Non-exam assessment: Making connections
What it is: In this component you will explore language use in different types of text. You will investigate connections between a literary text and some non-literary material based either on a chosen theme or on the idea that particular linguistic strategies and features may occur in the different types of material. You will produce an academic report outlining your research and your findings.
How it is assessed: one piece of non-exam assessment worth 20% of your A Level.
Key terms box
space: a location in terms of its co-ordinates on a map
place: a location that is given significance and value through being a site of interaction with others, full of important events and personal memories
culture: a set of practices that involve shared ways of thinking and acting and which attach value to material objects of various kinds
society: a group of people working and living in a specific location who act out cultural beliefs and practices
Key terms
Icons used in the book
Cross reference
Key terms
Glossary
Check your responses
Video
Summary
Cambridge Elevate 3rd party website
5
Introduction
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-46566-4 – A/AS Level English Language and Literature for AQA Student BookMarcello Giovanelli, Andrea Macrae, Felicity Titjen, Ian Cushing, Edited by Marcello GiovanelliFrontmatterMore information
© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
About this student bookThis book follows an innovative three-part structure:
Part 1: Beginning units These set out the key principles, issues and concepts that underpin the course and support you as you move from GCSE to AS and A Level work. Each Beginning unit contains activities to check understanding and progress, and provides a strong foundation from which to build upwards. The Beginning units can also be used as a stand-alone reference point to which you’ll return when studying content in subsequent Developing units, and for revision purposes as you prepare for your exams.
Part 2: Developing units These longer units are based around the main content in the AS and A Level specifications. They are designed to build on the ideas introduced in the Beginning units, extending knowledge and understanding where appropriate. These units follow the order of topics in the AQA specifications and contain a wider range of activities to develop skills and encourage independence. The start of each Developing unit tells you whether the content is suitable for AS, A Level or both.
Each Developing unit covers the most up-to-date content and research, which is presented in an accessible and engaging way. Many of the activities in these units are supported by commentaries that will support your learning and help you to develop an analytical framework, with which you can consider topic areas more critically and broadly.
These units also contain a ‘Bringing it all together’ section, which allows you to review key learning for a particular topic and to plan your revision priorities. In addition, practice questions and discussion of the assessment objectives allow you to apply your learning and to think about the demands of individual sections within the exam papers.
Bringing it all together
Deconstructing exam questions
End-of-unit summary
• Texts are part of larger discourse events that involve real-life text producers and receivers communicating and interpreting in specific times and places.
• Texts can have more than one purpose; it is useful to distinguish between primary and secondary purposes.
• Text producers and receivers often have constructs called implied readers and writers in mind; in reality, the actual readers and writers may be very different.
Summary
A/AS Level English Language and Literature transcription key Throughout this book the following transcription key is applied: (.) indicates a pause of less than a second(2) indicates a longer pause (number of seconds
indicated)Bold indicates stressed syllables or words: : indicates elongation of a word((italics)) indicates contextual or additional information[ ] indicates the start and end points of
simultaneous speech
6
A/AS Level English Language and Literature for AQA
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-46566-4 – A/AS Level English Language and Literature for AQA Student BookMarcello Giovanelli, Andrea Macrae, Felicity Titjen, Ian Cushing, Edited by Marcello GiovanelliFrontmatterMore information
© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Part 3: Enriching units Designed specifically for A Level students but with content that AS Level students will also find useful, these units support your work on the specification and extend your thinking beyond the topics covered in the Developing units in Part 2. These Enriching units contain extension activities on Developing unit topics, as well as ideas for extended independent study, details of wider reading that you will find useful and summaries of recent and relevant research from higher education.
The Enriching units also feature short articles exclusively written for this series by leading academics and professionals, with follow-up questions that offer expert insight into certain aspects of the subject.
About Cambridge ElevateCambridge Elevate is the platform which hosts a digital version of this Student Book. If you have access to this digital version you can annotate different parts of the book, send and receive messages to and from your teacher and insert weblinks, among other things. You will also find video content on Cambridge Elevate, specifically: • Tutorial-style videos, designed to complement
material covered in the Developing units and which will refresh your knowledge while broadening your understanding of certain tricky concepts;
• Interviews with leading thinkers and researchers in their fields, which provide a unique resource for stimulating discussion.
I hope you enjoy your AS or A Level Language and Literature course as well as this book, and wish you well for the journey ahead.
Marcello Giovanelli Series editor
Tutorial Video available on Cambridge Elevate
Enriching Interview Video available on Cambridge Elevate
Links to video content on Cambridge Elevate
Watch tutorial video, Sounds and Aesthetics, on Cambridge Elevate
Watch Peter Stockwell, Professor of Literary Linguistics at the University of Nottingham, talk about story worlds in science fiction on Cambridge Elevate
Find further examples of intertextuality in advertising via Cambridge Elevate
7
Introduction