CV

• What does a perfect CV have?• What does a perfect CV not have?• What should it have optionally?

• I can _____ English. (speak)• We have _____ our homework. (do)• You must _____ at home. (stay)• I will _____ you. (help)• He cannot _____ us. (see)• My little sister learns _____ (speak) .• They want _____ to the cinema. (go)• You should _____ your parents. (ask)• I'd like _____ a dog. (have)• May we _____ in? (come)

Choose the correct form (infinitive with or without to).

Imagine you work in a tourist information. Tell your colleague what the tourists asked you. Transform the direct speech into infinitive constructions.

• Two women asked, "How do we get to the castle?" → Two women asked how to get to the castle.

• A man asked, "Where can I catch the bus?" → One man did not know __________• An old lady asked, "Why should I go to the zoo by bus?" → An old lady did not

understand __________• Some teenagers asked, "Shall we buy a map?" → Some teenagers wanted to know

__________• Two teenage girls asked, "Where can we go shopping?" → Two teenage girls asked

__________• A family asked, "Which film could we watch?" → A family wanted to go to the

cinema but they did not know __________• A couple asked, "Where can we buy tickets for the opera?" → A couple wanted to

know __________• A young woman asked, "When can I go on a sight-seeing tour?" → A young woman

asked __________• A businessman asked, "What bar can I go to?" → A businessman did not know

__________• A drunk asked, "How do I get home?" → A drunk could not remember

__________

• You must _____ him. (meet/to meet)• I want _____ you a secret. (tell / to tell)• We should _____ them. (help / to help)• They can _____ another biscuit. (have/to have)• We will _____ for you. (wait / to wait)• He has _____ up early. (get / to get)• May I _____ the film? (watch / to watch)• They would not _____ this. (do /to do)• I would like _____ shopping in the afternoon. (go / to go)• She doesn't _____ football. (like / to like)

Choose the correct form (infinitive with or without to).

Complete the sentences with the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses.

• She is good at _____ (dance) .• He is crazy about _____ (sing) .• I don't like _____ (play) cards.• They are afraid of _____ (swim) in the sea.• You should give up _____ (smoke) .• Sam dreams of _____ (be) a popstar.• He is interested in _____ (make) friends.• My uncle is afraid of _____ (go) by plane.• We insist on _____ (cook) the dinner ourselves.

Choose simple present, infinitive or gerund

• We go ______ every week. (swim/to swim/swimming)• Let it ______. (be/to be/being)• He dreams of ______ an actor. (become/to become/becoming) • They enjoy ______. (cycle/to cycle/cycling)• It is not easy ______ good friends. (find/to find/finding)• My friend is afraid of ______. (fly/to fly/flying)• Jane is good at ______. (read/to read/reading)• He wanted ______ a new computer game. (buy/to buy/buying)• I am crazy about ______. (dance/to dance/dancing)• You must ______ to my party. (come/to come/coming)

Gerunds

• Eating fast foods is convenient• They recommend reducing fats in the food• She started buying McBreakfast everyday.• He remembered getting some fruit.• We are tired of reading calorie counts for

food.• I didn't like him ordering fries.

Infinitives

• It's convenient to eat fast foods.• They plan to reduce fats in the foods.• She started to buy McBreakfast every day.• He remembered to get some fruit.• We were surprised to read the number of

calories in food.• I told him to order fries.

Notes

• Gerund used as subject in the sentence– Eating fast foods is fun– Not caring about calories is a mistake

• The gerund is often used after certain verbs as the object of the verb. – I dislike eating fast foods every day– John considered not eating fast foods.– I dislike his eating fast foods (possesive formal)– I dislike him eating fast foods (obj pron informal)

Notes

• Some verbs can be followed by the infinitive.Three patterns:

– Verbs always followed directly by the infinitive• They hope to open a new McDonald’s• She chose not to give up on meat

– Verbs followed by an object +the infinitive• I told you to try the new restaurant• She convinced him not to order fries

Notes

– Verbs that can be followed directly by the infinitive or by an object + the infinitive

• I want to try that new restaurant• I want her to try it to

• Some verbs can be followed by either the gerund or the infinitive– I started bringing my own lunch– I started to bring my own lunch

Notes

• Be careful a few verbs (for ex stop, remember, forget) can be followed by either a gerund or the infinitive BUT the meanings are very different!– She stopped eating pizza (She doesn’t eat pizza

anymore)– She stopped to eat pizza. (She stopped another

activity in order to eat pizza)

Notes

• What are the differences in these:– He remembered buying milk.– He remembered to buy milk.

– They forgot answering the letter.– They forgot to answer the letter.

Notes

• The gerund is the only verb form that can follow a preposition – I read an article about counting calories

• Be careful!– TO can be a preposition or a part of the infinitive.

Use the gerund after the preposition TO– We look forward to having dinner with you.

Notes

• The infinitive can often follow an adjective. Many of these adjectives express feelings or attitudes about the action in the infinitive.– They were eager to try the new taco – She was glad to hear that it was low in calories– We are ready to try something different

Notes

• The infinitive can also follow certain nouns– It’s time to take a break– I have the right to eat what I want– They made a decision to lose weight– It’s a high price to pay– He has permission to stay out late

Notes

• Use the infinitive to explain the purpose of an action– Doug eats fast food to save time. (in order)

• To make general statements you can use: – Gerund + verb + adjective

• Cooking is fun

– It + verb + adjective + infinitive• It’s fun to cook

Common Adjectives Followed by an Infinitive

Example:   I am eager to see  you. Adjective Infinitive

afraid determined frightened readyalarmed disappointed furious relievedamazed distressed glad reluctantangry disturbed happy sadanxious eager hesitant scaredashamed ecstatic interested shockedastonished embarrassed intrigued sorrycareful encouraged lucky surprisedcurious excited pleased toucheddelighted fascinated prepared upsetdepressed fortunate proud willing

Common Verbs Followed by an Infinitive

Example:     I refuse to lie

to my customers.

Verb Infinitive

afford come hesitate prefer swearagree consent hope prepare tendappear continue hurry pretend threatenarrange dare incline profess turn outask decide intend promise ventureattempt deserve learn prove volunteerbegin determine like refuse wantcan’t afford elect long request wishcan’t bear endeavor love resolve would likecan’t stand expect manage say yearncan’t wait fail mean seek care get need seem chance grow up offer shudder choose guarantee pay start claim hate plan strive

Verbs Followed by Object + Infinitive

Example:They invited me to go to the party. Verb Object Infinitive

advise force remindallow hire requireask* invite teachcause need* tellchoose* order urgeconvince pay* want*encourage permit warnexpect* persuade would like*forbid prepare*

*Indicates verbs that can be followed by an infinitive only (no object).

*Indicates verbs that can be followed by an infinitive only (no object).

Common Verbs Followed By Gerunds

Example I dread seeing my Aunt Bessie Verb Gerund

abhor endure practice tolerateacknowledge enjoy prefer try*admit escape prevent understandallow evade prohibit urgeappreciate explain propose attempt fancy practice avoid feel like prefer* be worth feign prevent began finish prohibit *can't bear forgive propose can't help give up (stop) quit can't stand* hate* recall celebrate imagine recollect confess justify recommend

consider keep (continue) regret*

*continue like* report defend love* resent delay mention resist

deny mind (object to) resume

detest miss risk discontinue necessitate shirk discuss omit shun dislike permit start* dispute picture suggest dread postpone support

An asterisk (*) denotes a verb that can also be followed by infinitive

Go + Gerund Combinations

Example:We go skiing whenever it

snows.

Go + Gerund

go birdwatching go fishing go shopping go snorkelinggo boating go hiking go sightseeing go swimminggo bowling go hunting go skating go tobogganing

go camping go jogging go skateboarding go window shopping

go canoeing go mountain climbing go skiing

go kayaking go running go skinnydipping go dancing go sailing go sledding