english i & ii genre and literary elements
TRANSCRIPT
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The Genres & Literary Analysis
English I & II
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FictionNarrative: telling of a storyShort story: often focuses on a single event
or incident and usually can be read in one sitting
Novel: an extended work of fiction.- longer than short story, more complex plot, more characters
Novella: longer than short story, shorter than novel. - short time span, limited number of characters
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PoetryForm: arrangement on the pageComposed of lines and stanzas (groups of
lines)Rhythm and rhyme: way a poem soundsImagery: language that recreates sensory
experiences; helps reader see, hear, and feel what a poem describes
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DramaPlot is carried by dialogue and action (what
the actors say and do)Acts: groups of scenesStage directions: writer’s instructions for
the actors, director, and other people working on the play- often printed in italics
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Nonfiction and Informational Texts Literary nonfiction: biographies,
speeches, essays, etc. Informational texts: news articles,
train schedules- provide factual information
Types of nonfiction: - autobiography/biography: true story about a person’s life- essay: short work that focuses on a single subject
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Nonfiction and Informational Texts- speech: oral presentation of ideas,
beliefs, or proposals of the speaker - news/feature articles: newspapers, magazines
- feature articles focus on human-interest topics- functional documents: serves a practical purpose
- consumer documents, instruction manuals, workplace documents, memos, resumes
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MediaMedia literate: knowing the basics and thinking
critically about all messages Feature films: motion pictures that use narrative
elements to tell a storyNews media: accounts of current events
- TV, internet, radio, newspapers, and magazinesTV shows: dramas, sitcoms, and reality showsAdvertising: sponsor’s paid use of media to
promote products, services, or ideasWeb sites: collections of pages on the internet or
WWW
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Literary Analysis- Plot Stages and Conflict
Plot: series of events in a narrativeConflict: struggle between opposing forces
- internal conflict: struggle within a character’s mind- centers on a choice or decision the character must make- external conflict: clash between a character and an outside force (e.g., another character, society, or force of nature)- introduced at the beginning of a narrative
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Plot Stages1st- Exposition: introduces setting and
characters, introduces the conflict2nd – Rising Action: presents complications that
intensify conflict, builds suspense3rd – Climax: turning point and the moment of
greatest suspense, makes the outcome of the conflict clear
4th – Falling Action: eases the suspense, reveals the outcome of the story’s climax, shows how the main character resolves conflict
5th – Resolution: reveals the final outcome, ties up loose ends
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Sequence and TimeChronological order: events follow a linear structure
- a writer may manipulate time for a variety of reasons
Flashback: account of a conversation, episode, or event that happened before the beginning of the story
Foreshadowing: writer’s use of hints or clues in early scenes to suggest events that will occur later
These help you more closely follow a story and better understand characters and events
Suspense: Makes a reader want to know what will happen next.
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Character and Point of View (POV)POV: The perspective from which a story is
told.Narrator: The voice that tells you the story.First-Person POV:
The narrator:Is a main or minor character in the storyRefers to him/herself as I or mePresents his/her own thoughts and feelingsDoes not have direct access to the thoughts and
feelings of other characters
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Character and Point of View (POV)
Third-Person POV:The narrator
Is not a character in the storyMay not be an identifiable person but merely a
voice that tells the story Is called OMNISCENT if he/she knows the thoughts
and feelings of all the characters Is call LIMITED if he/she focuses on the thoughts
and feelings of one character
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Character Traits and MotivationCharacter Traits: qualities shown by
charactersPhysical appearanceSpeech, thoughts, and actionsOther characters
Reactions to the characterRelationships with the characterImpression of the character’s reputation
Motivation: reasons behind a character’s actionsHelps us understand the character better
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Setting, Mood, and ImagerySetting: the time and place of a story
Can influence charactersCan create conflictCan serve as a symbol
Represent an idea, or a character’s hopes, future, or predicament
Mood: feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for readers- e.g., ominous, uplifting, dark, brooding, joyful
Setting helps establish mood
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Setting, Mood, and ImageryImagery: words or phrases that recreate
sensory experiences for readersSensory details: words or phrases that
appeal the senses of sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touchHelps you “be” in the scene as a bystander
watching the action
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Theme and SymbolTheme: the meaning behind a story
It’s the underlying message or big idea that the writer wants you to remember.
Universal themes: themes that are common across virtually all time periods and cultures.Learning from mistakes and triumphs of past
generationsFamily, War, Love, Growing up, Death, Birth
The theme is NOT the subject or plot of the story.Clues to theme: title, plot and conflict, important
statements, characters, setting, and symbols
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Theme and SymbolSymbol: a person, place, object, or activity
that stands for something beyond itself.Examples:
A fork in the road ( an important decision)The color red (a character’s anger)A torrential rainstorm (an emotional upheaval)