english gcse exam papers & answers @ barnes method english a*
DESCRIPTION
Practise English GCSE Exams with Answers. Native British English TestTRANSCRIPT
bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb
péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=ïáíÜ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë
bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=áåbåÖäáëÜ=^=ENOMPF=~åÇ=_=ENOMQFcáêëí=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=OMMQ^ìÖìëí=OMMO
Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and throughout the world. Weprovide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specificprogrammes for employers.
Through a network of UK and overseas offices, Edexcel’s centres receive the support they need tohelp them deliver their education and training programmes to learners.
For further information please call Customer Services on 0870 240 9800, or visit our website atwww.edexcel.org.uk
Acknowledgements
This specification has been produced by Edexcel on the basis of consultation with teachers, examiners,consultants and other interested parties. Edexcel recognises and values all those who contributed their time andexpertise to the development of GCSE specifications.
Authorised by Peter Goff
Publications Code UG 011894
All the material in this publication is copyright© Edexcel Foundation 2002
`çåíÉåíë
j~êâáåÖ=íÜÉ=têáíáåÖ=nìÉëíáçåë N
têáíáåÖ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉ R
j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=~åÇ=qáÉêë=çÑ=båíêó S
péÉÅáãÉå=èìÉëíáçåë=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=^=ENOMPF T
2F U
3F NO
4H NR
5H NV
j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉ=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=^=ENOMPF OQ
Oc OR
Pc QR
Qe RP
Re TP
péÉÅáãÉå=èìÉëíáçåë=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=_=ENOMQF UN
2F UO
3F US
4H VN
5H VR
péÉÅáãÉå=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉ=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=_=ENOMQF NMM
Oc NMN
Pc NOM
Qe NOT
Re NQR
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N N
j~êâáåÖ=íÜÉ=têáíáåÖ=nìÉëíáçåë
qÜáë=ÖìáÇ~åÅÉ=~ééäáÉë=íç=íÜÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖ=èìÉëíáçåë=áå=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=^=~åÇ=_W
m~éÉêë=Oc=~åÇ=QenìÉëíáçå=PI=ïêáíáåÖ=íç=áåÑçêãI=Éñéä~áåI=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉK
m~éÉêë=Pc=~åÇ=RenìÉëíáçå=OI=ïêáíáåÖ=íç=~êÖìÉI=éÉêëì~ÇÉI=~ÇîáëÉnìÉëíáçå=PI=ïêáíáåÖ=íç=~å~äóëÉI=êÉîáÉïI=ÅçããÉåí
qÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=èìÉëíáçåë=áå=íÜÉ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåë=~êÉ=ã~êâÉÇ=~ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉîáëÉÇbåÖäáëÜ=pìÄàÉÅí=`êáíÉêá~=Ñçê=têáíáåÖW
^=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçå=ãìëí=áåÅäìÇÉ=çÄàÉÅíáîÉë=Ñçê=ïêáíáåÖ=ïÜáÅÜ=êÉèìáêÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=íçÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=íÜÉáê=~Äáäáíó=íçWEáF=ÅçããìåáÅ~íÉ=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=áã~Öáå~íáîÉäóI=ìëáåÖ=~åÇ=~Ç~éíáåÖ=Ñçêãë=Ñçê=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåíêÉ~ÇÉêë=~åÇ=éìêéçëÉëXEááF=çêÖ~åáëÉ=áÇÉ~ë=áåíç=ëÉåíÉåÅÉëI=é~ê~Öê~éÜë=~åÇ=ïÜçäÉ=íÉñíë=ìëáåÖ=~=î~êáÉíó=çÑäáåÖìáëíáÅ=~åÇ=ëíêìÅíìê~ä=ÑÉ~íìêÉëXEáááF=ìëÉ=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ëÉåíÉåÅÉ=ëíêìÅíìêÉë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=ïáíÜ=~ÅÅìê~íÉ=éìåÅíì~íáçå=~åÇëéÉääáåÖK
få=ã~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉë=Ñçê=ïêáíáåÖ=íÜÉ=ïÉáÖÜíáåÖ=çÑ=ã~êâë=Ñçê=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÄàÉÅíáîÉëEáF=~åÇ=EááF=ÅçãÄáåÉÇ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íïáÅÉ=íÜ~í=Ñçê=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÄàÉÅíáîÉ=EáááFK
kçíÉë• qÜÉ=âÉóïçêÇ=áå=EáF=áë=ÅçããìåáÅ~íÉK=qÜáë=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÄàÉÅíáîÉ=áåÅäìÇÉë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ
êÉ~ÇÉê=~åÇ=éìêéçëÉX=Åä~êáíó=çÑ=ÉñéêÉëëáçåX=~éí=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=îçÅ~Äìä~êóK• qÜÉ=âÉóïçêÇ=áå=EááF=áë=çêÖ~åáëÉK=qÜáë=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÄàÉÅíáîÉ=áåÅäìÇÉë=ëÉåíÉåÅÉI
é~ê~Öê~éÜ=~åÇ=ïÜçäÉJíÉñí=ëíêìÅíìêÉX=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=ÅçÜÉëáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éáÉÅÉX=ëìÅÜ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë~ë=çéÉåáåÖë=~åÇ=ÉåÇáåÖëX=~éí=ìëÉ=çÑ=áã~ÖÉêó=~åÇ=çíÜÉê=äáåÖìáëíáÅ=ÇÉîáÅÉëK
• qÜÉ=âÉóïçêÇë=áå=EáááF=~êÉ=ê~åÖÉ=~åÇ=~ÅÅìê~íÉK=qÜÉ=~ÅÅìê~Åó=çÑ=ëéÉääáåÖ=~åÇéìåÅíì~íáçå=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ëëÉëëÉÇ=áå=êÉä~íáçå=íç=íÜÉ=ê~åÖÉ=~åÇ=~ãÄáíáçå=ÉñÜáÄáíÉÇ=ÄóíÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉK=^=éáÉÅÉ=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖ=ïáíÜ=~=äáãáíÉÇ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ëÉåíÉåÅÉ=ëíêìÅíìêÉë=~åÇîçÅ~Äìä~êó=ã~ó=ÄÉ=ÑêÉÉ=çÑ=ÉêêçêëI=Äìí=ïáää=ÄÉ=êÉï~êÇÉÇ=äÉëë=íÜ~å=~=éáÉÅÉ=ïÜáÅÜÇÉãçåëíê~íÉë=~å=~ãÄáíáçìë=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ëÉåíÉåÅÉ=ëíêìÅíìêÉë=~åÇ=îçÅ~Äìä~êóI=~äÄÉáí=ïáíÜëçãÉ=ÉêêçêëK
mêçÅÉÇìêÉNF oÉ~Ç=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=Å~êÉÑìääóI=áåÇáÅ~íáåÖ=ëíêÉåÖíÜë=~åÇ=ïÉ~âåÉëëÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåë=~åÇ
íÜÉ=ÄçÇó=çÑ=íÜÉ=~åëïÉêKOF ^ééäó=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçåJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÅçåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêë=íç=äçÅ~íÉ=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=Äêç~Çäó
ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=äçïÉêI=ãáÇÇäÉ=çê=ìééÉê=äÉîÉä=çÑ=êÉëéçåëÉKPF oÉÑáåÉ=íÜáë=àìÇÖÉãÉåí=Äó=ÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖ=íç=ïÜ~í=ÉñíÉåí=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ãÉÉíë=íÜÉ=ÅêáíÉêá~
ëÉí=çìí=áå=É~ÅÜ=ëíê~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÖÉåÉêáÅ=ïêáíáåÖ=ÖêáÇ=çå=é~ÖÉë=P=~åÇ=QK=^åëïÉêëéêçîáëáçå~ääó=éä~ÅÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=äçïÉêI=ãáÇÇäÉ=~åÇ=ìééÉê=äÉîÉäë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=àìÇÖÉÇ=~Ö~áåëííÜÉ=Ñçìê=ëíê~åÇë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÖÉåÉêáÅ=ÅêáíÉêá~=~ë=ÑçääçïëW
içïÉê=iÉîÉäW _~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OjáÇÇäÉ=iÉîÉäW=_~åÇ=PrééÉê=iÉîÉäW Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=R
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NO
fÑ=åÉÅÉëë~êóI=Éñ~ãáåÉêë=ëÜçìäÇ=ãçîÉ=~Åêçëë=íÜÉëÉ=Ä~åÇ=ÄçìåÇ~êáÉë=áå=çêÇÉê=íçÇÉÅáÇÉ=çå=~=Ñáå~ä=ã~êâ=ïÜáÅÜ=~ÅÅìê~íÉäó=êÉÑäÉÅíë=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê~ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=^lPá=~åÇ=^lPááK=^=ÄÉëíJÑáí=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇÄÉ=~ééäáÉÇ=ëç=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=Ñáå~ä=ã~êâ=êÉÑäÉÅíë=íÜÉ=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=~Åêçëë=~ää=ëíê~åÇëçÑ=íÜÉëÉ=ÅêáíÉêá~K
QF====qÜÉ=^lPááá=ã~êâ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇ=~ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=ÖÉåÉêáÅ=ÅêáíÉêá~=çå=é~ÖÉ=RK
RF= qÜÉ=ã~êâ=Ñçê=^lPá=~åÇ=^lPáá=Eçìí=çÑ=NTF=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ïêáííÉå=ÄÉåÉ~íÜ=íÜÉ=ëìãã~íáîÉÅçããÉåí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=~åëïÉêK=qÜÉ=ã~êâ=Ñçê=^lPááá=Eçìí=çÑ=UF=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ïêáííÉåáããÉÇá~íÉäó=ÄÉåÉ~íÜ=íÜÉ=^lPáL^lPáá=ã~êâK=qÜÉëÉ=íïç=ã~êâë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íçí~ääÉÇ=~åÇíÜÉ=Ñáå~ä=ã~êâ=Eçìí=çÑ=ORF=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=éä~ÅÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=êáÖÜí=ã~êÖáå=~åÇ=ÅáêÅäÉÇK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N P
tofqfkd=j^oh=p`ebjb
^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉë=EáF=~åÇ=EááF
j~êâ_~åÇ
mìêéçëÉ=~åÇ=^ìÇáÉåÅÉ `çããìåáÅ~íáîÉbÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëë
lêÖ~åáë~íáçå dÉåêÉ=`Ü~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë
j~êâ_~åÇlåÉ
MJP
äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éìêéçëÉ=çÑíÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=áåíÉåÇÉÇêÉ~ÇÉê=áë=ëÜçïå
íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=ÅçããìåáÅ~íÉë~í=~=Ä~ëáÅ=äÉîÉäI=ìëáåÖ=~äáãáíÉÇ=îçÅ~Äìä~êó=~åÇëÜçïáåÖäáííäÉ=î~êáÉíó=çÑëÉåíÉåÅÉ=ëíêìÅíìêÉ
çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉã~íÉêá~ä=áë=ëáãéäÉ=ïáíÜäáãáíÉÇ=ëìÅÅÉëë=áå=çéÉåáåÖ~åÇ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí
íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=~ÅÜáÉîÉëäáãáíÉÇ=ëìÅÅÉëë=áå~ÇÇêÉëëáåÖ=~í=äÉ~ëí=çåÉ=çÑíÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉíêáéäÉí
j~êâ_~åÇqïç
QJT
~=Ä~ëáÅ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=éìêéçëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉïêáíáåÖ=~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉÉñéÉÅí~íáçåëLêÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉáåíÉåÇÉÇ=êÉ~ÇÉê=áë=ëÜçïå
íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=ÅçããìåáÅ~íÉë=áå~=Äêç~Çäó=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ï~óIïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑÅçåíêçä=áå=íÜÉ=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑîçÅ~Äìä~êó=~åÇ=ëÉåíÉåÅÉëíêìÅíìêÉëK
çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉã~íÉêá~ä=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=Öê~ëéçÑ=íÉñí=ëíêìÅíìêÉI=ïáíÜçéÉåáåÖ=~åÇ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíI~åÇ=Äêç~Çäó=~ééêçéêá~íÉé~ê~Öê~éÜáåÖ
íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=í~êÖÉíë=~í=äÉ~ëíçåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=ïáíÜáåíÜÉ=íêáéäÉí=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉëìÅÅÉëë
j~êâ_~åÇqÜêÉÉ
UJNN
~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ÅäÉ~ê=ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=éìêéçëÉ~åÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÉñéÉÅí~íáçåëLêÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉáåíÉåÇÉÇ=êÉ~ÇÉê=áë=ëÜçïå
íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=ÅçããìåáÅ~íÉëÅäÉ~êäóI=ïáíÜ=~=ïÉääJÅÜçëÉåîçÅ~Äìä~êóI=~åÇ=ëçãÉÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=Åê~ÑíáåÖ=áå=íÜÉÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=çÑ=ëÉåíÉåÅÉë
çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉã~íÉêá~ä=áë=ãçëíäó=ëçìåÇIïáíÜ=~=ÅäÉ~ê=íÉñí=ëíêìÅíìêÉIÅçåíêçääÉÇ=é~ê~Öê~éÜáåÖ=íçêÉÑäÉÅí=çéÉåáåÖIÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=~åÇ=ÅäçëìêÉIíçÖÉíÜÉê=ïáíÜ=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìäìëÉ=çÑ=ÅçÜÉëáîÉ=ÇÉîáÅÉë=EÉKÖKìëÉ=çÑ=ëóåçåóãëI=êÉéÉíáíáçåçÑ=ïçêÇë=~åÇ=ëíêìÅíìêÉëIìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíëF
íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=ëÜçïë=ëìëí~áåÉÇ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëíóäáëíáÅÅçåîÉåíáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖíêáéäÉí
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NQ
j~êâ_~åÇcçìê
NOJNR
~=ëÉÅìêÉ=êÉ~äáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖí~ëâ=~ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêDëéìêéçëÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉÉñéÉÅí~íáçåëLêÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉáåíÉåÇÉÇ=êÉ~ÇÉê=áë=ëÜçïå
íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=ÅçããìåáÅ~íÉëÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäóI=ïáíÜ=~å=~éíäóÅÜçëÉå=îçÅ~Äìä~êó=~åÇ=ïÉääÅçåíêçääÉÇ=î~êáÉíó=áå=íÜÉÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=çÑ=ëÉåíÉåÅÉë
çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉã~íÉêá~ä=áë=ëÉÅìêÉI=ïáíÜ=~ïÉääJàìÇÖÉÇ=íÉñí=ëíêìÅíìêÉIÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=é~ê~Öê~éÜáåÖ=~åÇ~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ÅçÜÉëáîÉ=ÇÉîáÅÉëÄÉíïÉÉå=~åÇ=ïáíÜáåé~ê~Öê~éÜë
íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó~ÇÇêÉëëÉë=íÜÉ=ëíóäáëíáÅÅçåîÉåíáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖíêáéäÉí
j~êâ_~åÇcáîÉ
NSJNT
~=ëíêçåÖ=ÑìäÑáäãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖí~ëâI=ëÜ~êéäó=ÑçÅìëÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêDëéìêéçëÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉÉñéÉÅí~íáçåëLêÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉáåíÉåÇÉÇ=êÉ~ÇÉê=áë=ëÜçïå
íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=áë=ÅçãéÉääáåÖ=áåáíë=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáîÉ=áãé~ÅíIïáíÜ=~å=ÉñíÉåëáîÉ=îçÅ~Äìä~êó~åÇ=ã~íìêÉ=Åçåíêçä=áå=íÜÉÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=çÑ=î~êáÉÇëÉåíÉåÅÉ=Ñçêãë
çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áë~ëëìêÉÇI=ïáíÜ=ëçéÜáëíáÅ~íÉÇÅçåíêçä=çÑ=íÉñí=ëíêìÅíìêÉIëâáäÑìääó=ëìëí~áåÉÇé~ê~Öê~éÜáåÖ=~åÇ=íÜÉÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑÅçÜÉëáîÉ=ÇÉîáÅÉë
íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=~ÅÜáÉîÉëéêÉÅáëáçå=~åÇ=Åä~êáíó=áå~ÇÇêÉëëáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëíóäáëíáÅÅçåîÉåíáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖíêáéäÉí
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N R
têáíáåÖ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉ
^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉ=EáááF
=============mìåÅíì~íáçå ====================dê~ãã~ê ====================péÉääáåÖ
j~êâ_~åÇlåÉ
MJN
_~ëáÅ=éìåÅíì~íáçå=áë=ìëÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉÅçåíêçä
dê~ãã~íáÅ~ä=ëíêìÅíìêáåÖ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉÅçåíêçä
péÉääáåÖ=çÑ=Åçããçå=ïçêÇë=áë=ìëì~ääóÅçêêÉÅíI=íÜçìÖÜ=áåÅçåëáëíÉåÅáÉë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåí
j~êâ_~åÇqïç
OJP
cìää=ëíçéëI=Å~éáí~ä=äÉííÉêëI=èìÉëíáçåã~êâë=~êÉ=ìëÉÇI=íçÖÉíÜÉê=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉçíÜÉê=ã~êâëI=ãçëíäó=ÅçêêÉÅíäó
dê~ãã~íáÅ~ä=ëíêìÅíìêáåÖ=çÑ=ëáãéäÉ=~åÇëçãÉ=ÅçãéäÉñ=ëÉåíÉåÅÉë=áë=ìëì~ääó=ÅçêêÉÅí
péÉääáåÖ=çÑ=ëáãéäÉ=ïçêÇë=~åÇ=ãçêÉÅçãéäÉñ=ïçêÇë=áë=ìëì~ääó=~ÅÅìê~íÉ
j~êâ_~åÇqÜêÉÉ
QJR
`çåíêçä=çÑ=éìåÅíì~íáçå=áë=ãçëíäó=ëÉÅìêÉIáåÅäìÇáåÖ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ëéÉÉÅÜ=ã~êâë=~åÇ~éçëíêçéÜÉë
dê~ãã~íáÅ~ä=ëíêìÅíìêÉë=~êÉ=~ÅÅìê~íÉ=~åÇìëÉÇ=íç=ÅçåîÉó=ãÉ~åáåÖë=ÅäÉ~êäóI=ïáíÜ=çåäóçÅÅ~ëáçå~ä=Éêêçêë
péÉääáåÖ=çÑ=~=ïáÇÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ïçêÇë=áë~ÅÅìê~íÉ
j~êâ_~åÇcçìê
SJT
mìåÅíì~íáçå=áë=~ÅÅìê~íÉI=ïáíÜ=~=ïáÇÉê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ã~êâë=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÉåÜ~åÅÉÅçããìåáÅ~íáçåI=~ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉé~êíáÅìä~ê=ÑçÅìë=ïáíÜáå=íÜáë=íêáéäÉí
^=ïáÇÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=Öê~ãã~íáÅ~ä=ëíêìÅíìêáåÖ=áëìëÉÇ=~ÅÅìê~íÉäó=~åÇ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=íç=Éñ~ãáåÉíÜÉ=ïêáíÉêÛë=ÅÜçëÉå=áëëìÉë
péÉääáåÖ=áë=~äãçëí=~äï~óë=~ÅÅìê~íÉI=ïáíÜçåäó=çÅÅ~ëáçå~ä=ëäáéë
j~êâ_~åÇcáîÉ
U
`çåíêçä=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñìää=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=éìåÅíì~íáçåã~êâë=áë=éêÉÅáëÉI=Éå~ÄäáåÖ=áåíÉåÇÉÇÉãéÜ~ëáë=~åÇ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=íç=ÄÉ=ÅçåîÉóÉÇEÉÖ=Äó=íÜÉ=ÇÉéäçóãÉåí=çÑ=ëÉãáJÅçäçåëIé~áêë=çÑ=Åçãã~ë=çê=Ç~ëÜÉë=íç=áåÇáÅ~íÉ~ééçëáíáçå=çê=áåíÉêéçä~íáçåF
dê~ãã~íáÅ~ä=ëíêìÅíìêáåÖ=áë=~ãÄáíáçìë=~åÇ~ëëìêÉÇI=ïáíÜ=ëçéÜáëíáÅ~íÉÇ=Åçåíêçä=çÑÉñéêÉëëáçå=~åÇ=ãÉ~åáåÖ
péÉääáåÖ=çÑ=~=ïáÇÉ=~åÇ=~ãÄáíáçìëîçÅ~Äìä~êó=áë=ÅçåëáëíÉåíäó=~ÅÅìê~íÉ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NS
j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=~åÇ=qáÉêë=çÑ=båíêó
cçìåÇ~íáçå=qáÉê=èìÉëíáçåë=EOc=~åÇ=PcF=~åÇ=eáÖÜÉê=qáÉê=èìÉëíáçåë=EQe=~åÇ=ReF=~êÉã~êâÉÇ=çìí=çÑ=ORK
qÜÉ=í~êÖÉí=ê~åÖÉ=Ñçê=eáÖÜÉê=qáÉê=áë=^G=íç=aI=íÜÉ=í~êÖÉí=ê~åÖÉ=Ñçê=cçìåÇ~íáçå=qáÉê=áë=`=íçdK
qÜÉ=êÉä~íáçå=çÑ=ã~êâë=íç=Öê~ÇÉë=áë=åçíáçå~ä=~åÇ=Ñçê=ÖìáÇ~åÅÉ=çåäóK=fí=ëÜçìäÇ=åçí=ÄÉí~âÉå=~ë=ÅçåÑáêã~íáçå=çÑ=~=Ñáå~ä=Öê~ÇÉK=pÉÉ=íÜÉ=~ååì~ä=`ÜáÉÑ=bñ~ãáåÉêÛë=oÉéçêí=Ñçê=íÜÉÖê~ÇÉ=ÄçìåÇ~êáÉë=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~ê=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=ëÉêáÉëK
dê~ÇÉ j~êâ=o~åÖÉr MJNd OJQc RJTb UJNMa NNJNP` NQJNS_ NTJNV^ OMJOO^G OPJOR
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N T
péÉÅáãÉå=èìÉëíáçåë
d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=^=ENOMPF
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NU
QCA approved specimen paper for examinations from June 2004
1203/2F
Edexcel GCSEEnglish APaper 2F – The Craft of the Writer
Foundation TierTime: 2 hours
Materials required for the Items included with these question papers:examination
Answer Book (AB12) Nil
The Edexcel Anthology.
Instructions to CandidatesYou need your copy of the Edexcel Anthology to answer the questions.In the boxes on the answer book, write the name of the Examining Body, (Edexcel) yourCentre Number, Candidate Number, the Subject Title, the Paper Reference, your Surname,Other names and Signature.Supplementary Answer Sheets may be used.
Answer one question from Section A, the question in Section B and one question fromSection C.
Information for Candidates
You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation in youranswers.
1203/2F
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N V
Section A: Modern Poetry
Answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER1.In Such a Time as ThisLook again at Hide and Seek and ONE other poem from In Such A Time As Thiswhich describes a memorable incident. How do the writers of these two poems helpyou to understand the events or incidents they describe?
For each poem, you should write about:• the details of the scene• the use of vivid language• the feelings of the people.
Support your answer with examples from the texts.
OR2.In Such a Time As ThisLook again at Half-Past Two and Electricity Comes to Cocoa Bottom. What do youlearn about the feelings of the children in these two poems?
For each poem, you should write about:• how the children feel at the start of the poem• how their feelings change through the poem• the use of language.
Support your answer with examples from the texts.
OR3.IdentityLook again at Warning and I Shall Paint My Nails Red. What impressions have youformed of the characters in these two poems?
For each poem, you should write about:• what you think of their views on life• the ways they show their independence• the use of language.
Support your answer with examples from the texts.
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNM
OR4.IdentityLook again at Digging and ONE other poem from Identity. Show how the descriptions enableyou to picture the scenes.
For each poem, you should write about:• particularly vivid language• use of detail in description• the way feelings or atmosphere are created.
Support your answer with examples from the texts.
OR5.NatureNature has often influenced writers. Write about The Thought-Fox and ONE otherpoem from Nature in which a writer has used nature as a starting-point for his or herideas.
For each poem, you should write about:• the scenes described• the writer’s thoughts and attitudes• the use of language.
Support your answer with examples from the texts.
OR6.NatureLook again at Nettles and Thistles. What do you learn from each poem about thewriter’s view of nature?
For each poem, you should write about:• what each writer finds interesting in nature• the writers’ descriptions of natural objects• the effects the natural scenes have on each writer.
Support your answer with examples from the texts.
Total for Section A: 25 marks
1203/2F
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NN
Section B: Non-fiction
You must answer the question in this SectionYou should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
7. Look again in the Edexcel Anthology at Gervase Phinn’s description of his visit to aschool in the Yorkshire Dales.What aspects of his visit would have pleased him as a school inspector?
You should consider:
• the setting and the atmosphere of the school• the quality of the teaching• the pupils’ achievements and their use of language.
Total for Section B: 25 marks
Section C: Writing to inform, explain, describe
Answer ONE question from this sectionYou should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER
8. Describe in clear detail a place that has played an important part in your life and explainfully why it means so much to you.
OR
9. Your school is going to have a new building and the School Governors have decided itwould be a good idea to bury a time capsule to be opened in the distant future. They haveasked pupils to suggest five objects that might be included in the capsule to represent lifein the twenty-first century.
Write a letter to the School Governors explaining which five objects that you thinkshould be put in the time capsule, giving fully your reasons for choosing them.
Total for Section C: 25 marks
END
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNO
QCA approved specimen paper for examinations from June 2004
1203/3F
Edexcel GCSEEnglish APaper 3F – Media (Unseen)
Foundation TierTime: 2 hours.Materials required for the Items included with these questions papers:examination :
Answer Book (AB12) One insert
Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes on the answer book, write the name of the Examining Body, (Edexcel),your Centre Number, Candidate Number, the Subject Title, the Paper Reference, yourSurname, Other names and Signature.Supplementary Answer Sheets may be used.
Answer the question in Section A, one question from Section B and one questionfrom Section C.
Information for CandidatesYou are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation in youranswers.
You should have a newspaper article from The Daily Mail before starting this paper.
1203/3F
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NP
Section A: Unseen Media
You must answer the question in this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
1. Read the article from the Daily Mail “800ft fall girl back on her feet in two weeks”.How successful is the article in explaining Sarah’s accident and making her recoveryseem remarkable? (Article included as an insert)
In your answer you should write about:
• the use of photographs and illustrations• the use of headlines and captions• the content of the article• the use of language.
Total for Section A: 25 marks
Section B: Writing to argue, persuade, advise
Answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER
2. Write an article for a newspaper arguing your point of view on the topic:
Should school pupils aged 14 years and above be made to take part in sport?
You may wish to consider:
• the amount of time available in school• the range of team and individual sports offered• possible health benefits• any other relevant aspects.
OR
3. Your school has introduced a charity week. During this week, money will be raised tosupport the work of a local or national charity. You are free to select a charity of yourown, for example a charity for the disabled or for disadvantaged children, or an animalcharity or a charity that supports a particular cause.
Write a speech to be given during a school assembly to persuade students to give moneyto your charity.
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNQ
You may wish to consider:
• the aim of your charity• the work it does• your reasons for supporting it.
Total for Section B: 25 marks
Section C: Writing to analyse, review, comment
Answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER
4. At the end of the article Sarah Woodroffe says, “I know some people think it’s selfishbut it’s something I just have to do”.
Write a letter to the Daily Mail, giving your views on whether it is selfish to take part indangerous sports.
OR
5. Most people have a sport or interest which they follow in their spare time. Write aboutone of your interests, giving your reasons for taking it up and commenting on thebenefits you have gained from it.
Total for Section C: 25 marks
END
1203/4H
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NR
QCA approved specimen paper for examinations from June 2004
1203/4H
Edexcel GCSEEnglish APaper 4H - The Craft of the Writer
Higher Tier
Time: 2 hours.Materials required for the: Items included with these question papers:examination
Answer Book (AB12) Nil
The Edexcel Anthology.
Instructions to Candidates
You need your copy of The Edexcel Anthology to answer the questions.In the boxes on the answer book, write the name of the Examining Body (Edexcel), yourCentre Number, Candidate Number, the Subject Title, the Paper Reference, your Surname,other names and Signature.Supplementary Answer Sheets may be used.
Answer one question from Section A, the question in Section B and one questionfrom Section C.
Information for Candidates
You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation in youranswers.
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNS
Section A: Reading Modern Poetry
Answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER1.In Such A Time As ThisLook again at the poems Dulce et Decorum Est and The Send-Off. How does the writer’schoice of words in these two poems convey the strength of his feelings about the atmosphereand events portrayed?
In your answer you should make close reference to the language.
OR2.In Such A Time As ThisLook again at Electricity Comes to Cocoa Bottom and ONE other poem from In Such a Timeas This which has a sense of drama and excitement. How does the writer in each poemconvey strongly the feelings about the events described?
In your answer you should make close reference to the language.
OR3.IdentityLook again at Miracle on St. David’s Day and at Old Man, Old Man. How do the writersshow the differences between the present and the past lives of the two old men?
In your answer you should make close reference to the language.
OR4.IdentityLook again at Still I Rise and ONE other poem from Identity. In what ways do the writersreveal an independent viewpoint?
In your answer you should make close reference to the language.
OR5.NatureLook again at Wind and AT LEAST ONE other poem from Nature to show how the wordsused create powerful imagery involving sight, sound or movement.
In your answer you should make close reference to the language.
1203/4H
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NT
OR
6.NatureLook again at Trout and The Stag. In what ways does the writers’ choice of words createpowerful feelings in the reader about the natural scenes described?
In your answer you should make close reference to the language.
Total for Section A: 25 marks
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNU
Section B: Non-fiction
You must answer the question in this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
7. Look again in the Edexcel Anthology at Stanley Stewart’s account of a Mongolianwedding (from In the Empire of Genghis Khan).
How does Stewart use language in an entertaining way to convey the strangeness of hisexperience?
Give evidence from the text to support your views.
Total for Section B: 25 marks
Section C: Writing to inform, explain, describe
You should answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER
8. Your school is to be visited by a group of overseas students who speak good English.
You have been asked to contribute to a presentation for these students, describing anaspect of your area, school or community which they are likely to find different fromtheir own. You can choose your own subject, for instance a sport, custom or activity.
Write the script for the talk that you are going to give.
OR
9. A new magazine is looking for feature articles for a section which will deal with strangeand unusual events. The Editor wants each article to be a balance between a descriptionof what happened, focusing on what was strange about the event, and an explanation ofwhat might have been the causes.
Write an article, following these strict guidelines, that could be submitted forpublication in this magazine.
Total for Section C: 25 marks
END
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NV
QCA approved specimen paper for examinations from June 2004
1203/5H
Edexcel GCSEEnglish APaper 5H – Media (Unseen)
HIGHER TIERTime: 2 hours.Materials required for the Items included with these question papers:examination
Answer Book (AB12). One insert
Instructions to CandidatesIn the boxes on the answer book, write the name of the Examining Body (Edexcel), yourCentre Number, Candidate Number, the Subject Title, the Paper Reference, your Surname,Other names and Signature.
Supplementary Answer Sheets may be used.
Answer the question in Section A, one question from Section B and one question fromSection C.
Information for Candidates
You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation in your answers.
You should have a newspaper article from The Mirror before starting this paper.
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NOM
Section A: Unseen Media
You must answer the question in this SectionYou should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
1. Read Clare Raymond’s article “Women in a Man’s World” which waspublished in The Mirror. (Article included as an insert)
What impression does this double page spread give of women at work in male-dominated jobs?
In your answer you should comment on:
• the content of the article• the use of headlines• the use of photographs• use of language in the first-hand accounts• any other features of layout and design.
Total for Section A: 25 marks
Section B: Writing to argue, persuade, advise
Answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER
2. “Work experience should be compulsory for 14-16 year olds.”
Write an article for a newspaper arguing either for or against work experience.
OR
3. “The school-leaving age should be raised from 16 to 18”
Write a speech to be given to members of your year group to persuade them to supportor oppose this idea.
Total for Section B: 25 marks
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N ON
Section C: Writing to analyse, review, comment
You should answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER
4. Write about the advantages and disadvantages of one occupation which you areconsidering as your future career.
OR
5. Consider a job which carries responsibility. What are the qualities a person would needto carry out the job effectively?
Total for Section C: 25 marks
END
Edexcel Foundation is grateful for the co-operation of The Mirror in permitting the use oftheir publication in this examination.
Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders. Edexcel Foundation apologisesfor any omission and will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the firstopportunity.
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NOO
1203/5H
Edexcel GCSEEnglish APaper 5H -Media (Unseen)HIGHER TIER
Insert: Article from The Mirror
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N OP
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NOQ
j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉ
d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=^=ENOMPF
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N OR
båÖäáëÜ=^=NOMP=Oc
pÉÅíáçå=^W=jçÇÉêå=mçÉíêó
NKfå=pìÅÜ=^=qáãÉ=^ë=qÜáë
iççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=eáÇÉ=~åÇ=pÉÉâ=~åÇ=lkb=çíÜÉê=éçÉã=Ñêçã=få=pìÅÜ=^=qáãÉ=^ë=qÜáë=ïÜáÅÜÇÉëÅêáÄÉë=~=ãÉãçê~ÄäÉ=áåÅáÇÉåíK
eçï=Çç=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêë=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=íïç=éçÉãë=ÜÉäé=óçì=íç=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÉîÉåíë=çê=áåÅáÇÉåíëíÜÉó=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ\
cçê=É~ÅÜ=éçÉãI=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ïêáíÉ=~ÄçìíW• íÜÉ=ÇÉí~áäë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÅÉåÉ• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=îáîáÇ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ• íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éÉçéäÉK
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíëK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçïW
• ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåë=áå=É~ÅÜ=éçÉã• ~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=êÉÑÉê=íç=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=îáîáÇ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ• ~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=ã~âÉ=~éí=Åçãé~êáëçåë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ
ÉîÉåíë=çê=áåÅáÇÉåíëK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçáåí=áå=íÜÉã~êÖáåK
oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=Üçï=íÜÉ=éçÉíë=ìëÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=íç=ÅêÉ~íÉ=íÜÉáê=ÉÑÑÉÅíëI~åÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜÉëÉ=ïáíÜ=~å=iK
^åëïÉêë=ã~ó=áåÅäìÇÉ=ëìÅÜ=éçáåíë=~ë=íÜÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖW
eáÇÉ=~åÇ=pÉÉâaÉí~áäë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÅÉåÉ qÉñíì~ä=bîáÇÉåÅÉN ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÜÉÇ=ë~Åâë ëãÉää=äáâÉ=íÜÉ=ëÉ~ëáÇÉOK Ç~êâåÉëë ë~äíó=Ç~êâPK ÄçóDë=ÜáÇáåÖJéä~ÅÉ ÜÉ=Ñäççê=áë=ÅçäÇQK ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëìêêçìåÇáåÖ=~êÉ~ ÄìëÜÉë=åÉ~ê=íÜÉ=ëïáåÖRK ÜÉ~êë=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=~ééêç~ÅÜáåÖ ïÜáëéÉêáåÖ=~í=íÜÉ=ÇççêSK ~äíÉêå~íáîÉ=éä~ÅÉë=íç=ëÉÉâ ä~åÉI=ÖêÉÉåÜçìëÉ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NOS
rëÉ=çÑ=îáîáÇ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ7. ãÉí~éÜçêë ÜáÇÉ=áå=óçìê=ÄäáåÇåÉëëUK ëáãáäÉë ëãÉää=äáâÉ=íÜÉ=ëÉ~ëáÇÉVK éÉêëçåáÑáÅ~íáçå ÅçäÇ=ÄáíÉë=íÜêçìÖÜ=óçìê
Åç~íI=Ç~êâÉåáåÖ=Ö~êÇÉåï~íÅÜÉëI=ÄìëÜÉë=ÜçäÇ=íÜÉáêÄêÉ~íÜ
NMK ~ääáíÉê~íáîÉ=îçÅ~Äìä~êó ëçìåÇ=ëç=ÜìëÜÉÇI=Ç~êâÇ~ãé=ëãÉää
NN ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÉåëÉë çÑ=ëãÉääI=ëçìåÇI=í~ëíÉI==ëáÖÜíI=íçìÅÜ
cÉÉäáåÖë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éÉçéäÉqÜÉ=ÄçóNOK ÉñÅáíÉÇL~åíáÅáé~íçêó `~ää=çìíNPK Å~ìíáçìë ÄÉ=Å~êÉÑìäI=ÇçåDí=ÄêÉ~íÜÉNQK ~åñáçìë íÜÉóDêÉ=ãçîáåÖ=ÅäçëÉêNRK ïçåÇÉêáåÖ=~Äçìí=íÜÉã áí=ëÉÉãë=~=äçåÖ=íáãÉNSK ÅçäÇ=~åÇ=ëíáÑÑ óçìê=äÉÖë=~êÉ=ëíáÑÑNTK íêáìãéÜ~åí fDîÉ=ïçå>=qÜÉó=ãìëí=ÄÉ
íÜáåâáåÖÁ
NUK ÅÜÉ~íÉÇLÇáë~ééçáåíÉÇ ïÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=íÜÉóÁ\qÜÉ=çíÜÉêëNVK ÉåàçóáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëÉ~êÅÜ ïçêÇë=~åÇ=ä~ìÖÜíÉê=ëÅìÑÑäÉOMK ÄÉÅçãáåÖ=éìòòäÉÇ ÖÉííáåÖ=ãçêÉ=éìòòäÉÇONK ~Ä~åÇçåÉÇ=íÜÉ=Ö~ãÉ ïÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=íÜÉó\
k_=cçê=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=éçÉãI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÅÜççëÉ=~åó=lkb=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ëÉÅíáçå=få=pìÅÜ=~qáãÉ=~ë=qÜáëK=oÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íáÅâÉÇ=Ñçê=É~ÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÜêÉÉ=ÄìääÉíëK=cçê=íÜÉÑáêëí=Éñ~ãéäÉ=çÑ=É~ÅÜI=ã~êâ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=äÉííÉêW=a=Ñçê=ÇÉí~áäëLÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑëÅÉåÉI=s=Ñçê=îáîáÇ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=c=Ñçê=éÉçéäÉDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖëK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N OT
j~êâ=o~åÖÉ aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉÉîÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=íïç=éçÉãëI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåíçê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉîÉåíë=~åÇÑÉÉäáåÖëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíëÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çêïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉîÉåíë=~åÇÑÉÉäáåÖëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉîÉåíë=~åÇ=ÑÉÉäáåÖëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíKpçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉîÉåíë=~åÇ=ÑÉÉäáåÖëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áêìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pÉîÉê~äÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=áå=~=ï~ó=ïÜáÅÜ=ã~âÉë=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ìëÉçÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=íç=áääìëíê~íÉ=îáîáÇ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉáãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉîÉåíë=~åÇ=ÑÉÉäáåÖëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~êìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=îáîáÇ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëIëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDïêáíáåÖK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉîÉåíë=~åÇ=ÑÉÉäáåÖëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~êçêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåçÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáîáÇ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉîÉåíë=~åÇ=ÑÉÉäáåÖëK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~äêÉëéçåëÉK==fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáîáÇ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíëÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçåÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉîÉåíë=~åÇ=ÑÉÉäáåÖëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåíéçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉéÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáîáÇä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇáåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NOU
OKfå=pìÅÜ=^=qáãÉ=^ë=qÜáë
iççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=e~äÑJm~ëí=qïç=~åÇ=bäÉÅíêáÅáíó=ÅçãÉë=íç=`çÅç~=_çííçãK=tÜ~í=Çç=ïÉ=äÉ~êå~Äçìí=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=áå=íÜÉëÉ=íïç=éçÉãë\
cçê=É~ÅÜ=éçÉãI=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ïêáíÉ=~ÄçìíW• Üçï=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=ÑÉÉä=~í=íÜÉ=ëí~êí=~í=íÜÉ=éçÉã• Üçï=íÜÉáê=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=éçÉã• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíëK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëD=ÑÉÉäáåÖë• íÜÉ=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=~ë=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=éêçÖêÉëë• íÜÉ=éçÉíDë=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
e~äÑJé~ëí=qïçqÜÉ=ÄçóDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖë
qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ
NK ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=çÑÑÉåÅÉLÄÉáåÖ=éìåáëÜÉÇ pçãÉíÜáåÖ=sÉêó=têçåÖOK Üáë=ÑÉ~ê=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëáíì~íáçå íçç=ëÅ~êÉÇPK ~Ñê~áÇ=çÑ=ëéÉ~âáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=íÉ~ÅÜÉê ÅçìäÇ=åçí=ë~ó=DpÜÉ=Ü~ÇåDí
í~ìÖÜí=Üáã=íáãÉDQK âåÉï=íÉ~ÅÜÉê=ï~ë=~åÖêó ÄÉáåÖ=ÅêçëëRK ÑÉÉäáåÖ=ÜÉ=ÇáÇ=åçí=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ=íáãÉ ÅçìäÇåDí=ÅäáÅâ=áíë=ä~åÖì~ÖÉSK ÑÉÉäë=íÜ~í=íáãÉ=áë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=Üáë
êçìíáåÉëÖÉííáåÖìéíáãÉI=ÉíÅ
TK êÉ~äáëÉë=ÜÉ=Å~å=ÉëÅ~éÉ ÅäçÅâäÉëë=ä~åÇ=çÑ=ÉîÉêUK ÜÉ=êÉ~äáëÉë=ÜÉ=áë=ÄÉáåÖ=âÉéí=áå=íáää=Ü~äÑJé~ëí
íïç=Ñçê=Üáë=çÑÑÉåÅÉãìëí=ëí~ó=áå=íÜÉ=ëÅÜççäJêççã
VK ÜÉ=Ü~ë=~=äçåÖ=ï~áí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=íÉ~ÅÜÉê ï~áíë=DÄÉóçåÇ=çåÅÉìéçå~DNMK ÜÉ=ÄÉÅçãÉë=~ÄëçêÄÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=ëáÖÜíë=~åÇ
ëãÉääëçäÇ=ÅÜêóë~åíÜÉãìãëÁëáäÉåí=åçáëÉ
NNK ÜÉ=áë=àçäíÉÇ=Ä~Åâ=áåíç=DêÉ~äD=ïçêäÇ=Äó=ÜÉêïçêÇë
ëäçííÉÇ=Üáã=Ä~Åâ=áåíç=íáãÉ
bäÉÅíêáÅáíó qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNOK ~ää=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=É~ÖÉêäó=~ï~áí=íÜÉ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅ=äáÖÜíë Å~ãéÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=Öê~ëëNPK íÜÉó=~êÉ=ï~áíáåÖ=Ñçê=~åÇ=ï~íÅÜáåÖ=ëìåëÉí ï~áíáåÖÁï~íÅÜáåÖÁ=íìêå
óÉääçïI=çê~åÖÉNQK íÜÉêÉ=áë=~ã~òÉãÉåí=~í=íÜÉ=ëáÖÜí ~êáëáåÖ=ëìÅÜ=~=Ö~ëé
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N OV
NRK ~=ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=~ïÉ=~åÇ=ïçåÇÉê iáÖÜí>=j~êîÉääçìë=äáÖÜí>NSK ÅÜáäÇêÉå=ÑÉäí=áí=ï~ë=~ää=çîÉê ~äêÉ~ÇóÁ=äáí=íÜÉáê=ä~ãéë
Ñçê=íÜÉ=àçìêåÉóNTK íÜÉó=ÑÉÉä=íÜÉ=ãçãÉåí=Ü~ë=ÖçåÉ=íçç=èìáÅâäó íÜÉ=ãçãÉåí=Ü~Ç=é~ëëÉÇ
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Å~éáí~äë=Ñçê=ÉãéÜ~ëáë=Ee~äÑJm~ëí=qïçFI=ïçêÇë=ÉîçâáåÖ=ÑÉ~êIÄÉïáäÇÉêãÉåí=Ee~äÑJm~ëí=qïçFI=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çÑ=~åíáÅáé~íáçåI=ìëÉ=çÑ=ÉñÅä~ã~íáçåëI=êÉéÉíáíáçåçÑ=DäáÖÜíD=EbäÉÅíêáÅáíóFI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉI=áã~ÖÉêóK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êÖê~ÇÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=Öê~ÇÉ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉK=qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉçîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK=táíÜáå=íÜÉ=Ä~åÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉI=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~ãáåçêáíó=çÑ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=éÉêí~áåáåÖ=íç=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉë=ïáää=ÜÉäé=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉíÜÉ=éêÉÅáëÉ=ã~êâ=íç=ÄÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉÅÜáäÇêÉåDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖëI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑä~åÖì~ÖÉK
=OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖëKqÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
=RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖëKqÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉIÄìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
=UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑíÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
=NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇÖê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåDë=ÅÜ~åÖáåÖ=ÑÉÉäáåÖëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖçÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=éçÉíëI=~åÇ=ëÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉçå=íÜáëK
=NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçåÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëD=îáÉïë=çÑ=äáÑÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=~ííáíìÇÉëKqÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíKqÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãI=ëÜçïáåÖÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=c~åíÜçêéÉDë=ïêáíáåÖK
=NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~ë=íÜÉó=ÅÜ~åÖÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~êçêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
=OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖçÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~ë=íÜÉó=ÅÜ~åÖÉK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~äêÉëéçåëÉK=fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NPM
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑíÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~ë=íÜÉó=ÅÜ~åÖÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåíéçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~äêÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ëÜçïÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N PN
PKfÇÉåíáíó
iççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=t~êåáåÖ=~åÇ=~í=f=pÜ~ää=m~áåí=jó=k~áäë=oÉÇK==tÜ~í=áãéêÉëëáçåë=Ü~îÉ=óçìÑçêãÉÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêë=áå=íÜÉëÉ=íïç=éçÉãë\
cçê=É~ÅÜ=éçÉãI=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ïêáíÉ=~ÄçìíW
• ïÜ~í=óçì=íÜáåâ=çÑ=íÜÉáê=îáÉïë=çå=äáÑÉ• íÜÉ=ï~ó=íÜÉó=ëÜçï=íÜÉáê=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíëK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW
• íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëD=îáÉïë=~Äçìí=äáÑÉ• íÜÉ=Ü~åÇäáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=áÇÉ~=çÑ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ• íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
t~êåáåÖ qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNK ìåÅçåîÉåíáçå~äLäáâÉë=íç=ëÜçÅâLêÉÄÉääáçìë ëÜ~ää=ïÉ~ê=éìêéäÉI=éáÅâ
íÜÉ=ÑäçïÉêëOK ÇÉÑá~åí f=ëÜ~ää=ëáí=ÇçïåPK ÑÉÉäë=íê~ééÉÇ=Äó
ÅçåÑçêãáíóLÉñéÉÅí~íáçåëLáã~ÖÉåçï=ïÉ=ãìëí=Ü~îÉÅäçíÜÉëÁ=ÑêáÉåÇë=íçÇáååÉê
QK ïáëÜÉë=íç=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=ÜÉê=äáÑÉ ã~âÉ=ìé=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ëçÄêáÉíóRK ï~åíë=íç=ÇçLïÉ~êLÉ~í=ïÜ~í=ëÜÉ=äáâÉë óçì=Å~å=ïÉ~êÁK=^åÇ=É~íSK åÉÉÇë=íç=éêÉé~êÉ=EçíÜÉêëF=Ñçê=íÜÉ
ÅÜ~åÖÉLã~âÉ=~=ëí~íÉãÉåíf=çìÖÜí=íç=éê~ÅíáëÉ
k~áäëTK ÇÉÑá~åíLã~âáåÖ=ëí~íÉãÉåíLêÉëáäáÉåí íÜÉ=íáíäÉI=~=ëìêîáîçêUK ÅÜÉÉê=ìé=äáÑÉLéÉçéäÉ éìÄäáÅ=ëÉêîáÅÉVK éêçìÇL=ïáëÜÉë=íç=ÅÉäÉÄê~íÉ=ïçãÉå éêçìÇ=çÑ=Ü~åÇëÁfDã=~
ïçã~åNMK ï~åíë=íç=ëÜçÅâ=Ç~ìÖÜíÉê ìÖÜNNK ï~åíë=íç=ëìêéêáëÉ=äçîÉê ãó=äçîÉê=ïáää=ÄÉ=ëìêéêáëÉÇNOK ï~åíë=èìáÅâ=Äìí=áãéÉêã~åÉåí=ÉÑÑÉÅí íÉåJãáåìíÉI=êÉîÉêëáÄäÉ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NPO
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉ=EÜìãçìêI=ÇÉÑá~åÅÉI=ÉíÅFI=îáîáÇ=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑîçÅ~Äìä~êóK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëD=îáÉïëKqÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉïêÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëÛ=íÜçìÖÜíë~åÇ=ÑÉÉäáåÖëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇáíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëD=îáÉïë=çÑ=äáÑÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ëìëí~áåÉÇÖê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëD=îáÉïë=çÑ=äáÑÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑíÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=éçÉíë=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíI=~åÇ=ëÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=çå=íÜáëK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçåÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëD=îáÉïë=çÑ=äáÑÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=~ííáíìÇÉëKqÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíKqÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëD=îáÉïë=çÑ=äáÑÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí~ííáíìÇÉëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìäáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖçÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëD=îáÉïë=çÑ=äáÑÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=~ííáíìÇÉëK=fÇÉ~ë~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇéÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉK==fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíëÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑíÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëD=îáÉïë=çÑ=äáÑÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=~ííáíìÇÉëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóKqÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇáíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N PP
QK
fÇÉåíáíóiççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=aáÖÖáåÖ=~åÇ=lkb=çíÜÉê=éçÉã=Ñêçã=fÇÉåíáíóK=pÜçï=Üçï=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåëÉå~ÄäÉ=óçì=íç=éáÅíìêÉ=íÜÉ=ëÅÉåÉëK
cçê=É~ÅÜ=éçÉãI=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ïêáíÉ=~ÄçìíW• é~êíáÅìä~êäó=îáîáÇ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ• ìëÉ=çÑ=ÇÉí~áä=áå=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå• íÜÉ=ï~ó=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=çê=~íãçëéÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=ÅêÉ~íÉÇK
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• qÜÉ=éçÉíëD=Ü~åÇäáåÖ=çÑ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå• qÜÉ=Öê~éÜáÅ=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ• qÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çå=íÜÉã=~ë=êÉ~ÇÉêëKqáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
aáÖÖáåÖ qÉñíì~ä=bîáÇÉåÅÉ1. éêÉëÉåíë=ÅäÉ~êI=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ãÉãçêáÉë=çÑ=Üáë
Ñ~íÜÉêïçêâÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~=ÜçêëÉJéäçìÖÜD=éäçìÖÜáåÖ
OK îáîáÇ=éáÅíìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=~Åíáçåë ëÜçìäÇÉêë=ÖäçÄÉÇ=äáâÉ=~Ñìää=ë~áä
PK îÉêó=éêçìÇ=Ñçê=Üáë=Ñ~íÜÉêDë=ëâáää ~å=ÉñéÉêíQK íÉÅÜåáÅ~ä=ÇÉí~áäë=ëíáää=áå=Üáë=ãáåÇ ëÉí=íÜÉ=ïáåÖI=Ñáí=íÜÉ
ÄêáÖÜíÁKI=ÉíÅRK ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=íçáäáåÖ=ÜçêëÉë=DëïÉ~íáåÖ
íÉ~ãDã~ééáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñìêêçï
SK ëçå=êÉãÉãÄÉêë=ïáëÜ=íç=Ñçääçï=Ñ~íÜÉê Ñçääçï=áå=Üáë=Äêç~ÇëÜ~Ççï
TK êÉÅçääÉÅíáçå=çÑ=ÇÉëáêÉ=íç=Éãìä~íÉ=Ñ~íÜÉê f=ï~åíÉÇ=íç=Öêçï=ìé=~åÇéäçìÖÜ
UK ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üáë=áå~Äáäáíó=íç=ÜÉäé ~=åìáë~åÅÉI=íêáééáåÖÁK
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=áã~ÖÉêóI=ÇáÅíáçåI=ëçìåÇ=EÉÖ=DÅäáÅâáåÖ=íçåÖìÉDFI=îáîáÇÇÉëÅêáéíáçåLãçîÉãÉåí=EÉÖ=DëíìãÄäÉÇDI=DíêáééáåÖDK=DÑ~ääáåÖDFI=íÉÅÜåáÅ~ä=ÇÉí~áä=çÑ=éäçìÖÜáåÖ~ÅíáçåK
cÉ~íìêÉ=ëéçííáåÖ=áë=åçí=ÉåçìÖÜ=íç=Ö~áå=ÜáÖÜ=ã~êâëW=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïáää=Éñéä~áå=íÜÉÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜçëÉå=Éñ~ãéäÉëKk_=cçê=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=éçÉãI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÅÜççëÉ=~åó=lkb=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ëÉÅíáçå=DfÇÉåíáíóDKoÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íáÅâÉÇ=Ñçê=É~ÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=qeobb=ÄìääÉíëK=cçê=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=Éñ~ãéäÉ=çÑ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NPQ
É~ÅÜI=ã~êâ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=äÉííÉêW=i=Ñçê=ä~åÖì~ÖÉI=a=Ñçê=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=~åÇ=c=ÑçêÑÉÉäáåÖë=çê=~íãçëéÜÉêÉK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êÖê~ÇÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=Öê~ÇÉ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉK=qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉçîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK=táíÜáå=íÜÉ=Ä~åÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉI=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~ãáåçêáíó=çÑ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=éÉêí~áåáåÖ=íç=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉë=ïáää=ÜÉäé=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉíÜÉ=éêÉÅáëÉ=ã~êâ=íç=ÄÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
=MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉÇÉëÅêáéíáçåëI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑä~åÖì~ÖÉK
=OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåëKqÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉïêÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
=RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåëKqÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíKmçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
=UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉêÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
=NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇÖê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=éçÉíë=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíI=~åÇ=ëÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=çå=íÜáëK
=NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉáãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖçÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉçÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~äêÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ïêáíáåÖK
=NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑíÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
=OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåëK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóIáå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉKfåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
=OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉåçÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçïÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N PR
RK
k~íìêÉk~íìêÉ=Ü~ë=çÑíÉå=áåÑäìÉåÅÉÇ=ïêáíÉêëK=têáíÉ=~Äçìí=qÜÉ=qÜçìÖÜíJcçñ==~åÇ=lkb=çíÜÉêéçÉã=Ñêçã=k~íìêÉ=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=~=ïêáíÉê=Ü~ë=ìëÉÇ=å~íìêÉ=~ë=~=ëí~êíáåÖJéçáåí=Ñçê=Üáë=çê=ÜÉêáÇÉ~ëK
cçê=É~ÅÜ=éçÉãI=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ïêáíÉ=~ÄçìíW• íÜÉ=ëÅÉåÉë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ• íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêDë=íÜçìÖÜíë=~åÇ=~ííáíìÇÉë• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåíI• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW
• íÜÉ=å~íìê~ä=ëÅÉåÉë=çê=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ• íÜÉ=áÇÉ~ë=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉ=íÜçìÖÜí=çÑ=k~íìêÉ=ÖáîÉ=êáëÉ=íç• íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
qÜÉ=qÜçìÖÜíJcçñqÜÉ=ëÅÉåÉë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNK ~íãçëéÜÉêÉ=áåáíá~ääóW=íáãÉ=çÑ=åáÖÜíI=ä~Åâ=çÑ
ëí~êëãáÇåáÖÜí=ãçãÉåíDëÑçêÉëíI=ëí~êäÉëë
OK áëçä~íáçå ÅäçÅâDë=äçåÉäáåÉëëPK ÅçäÇ=~åÇ=ëåçïó ÅçäÇI=ÇÉäáÅ~íÉäó=~ë=íÜÉ
Ç~êâ=ëåçïQK ~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑçñW=áíë=áãé~Åí åçëÉÁ=íïç=ÉóÉëI=ÉíÅRK ïççÇä~åÇ=ëÅÉåÉ ÄÉíïÉÉå=íêÉÉëI=ÉíÅSK Ñççíéêáåíë=áå=ëåçï ëÉíë=åÉ~í=éêáåíëÁqÜÉ=éçÉíDë=íÜçìÖÜíë=~åÇ=~ííáíìÇÉëTK ï~áíáåÖI=ï~íÅÜáåÖ=EÑçê=áåëéáê~íáçåF Ää~åâ=é~ÖÉUK ~ï~êÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ç~êâ f=ëÉÉ=åç=ëí~êVK ÄÉÅçãÉë=~ï~êÉ ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=ÉäëÉ=áë=~äáîÉNMK çÄëÉêîáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñçñ=ÅäçëÉäó EÇÉí~áä=çÑ=ÑçñFNNK ÇÉîÉäçéáåÖ=ÅêÉ~íáîÉ=íÜçìÖÜíëLáã~ÖÉ=çÑ=Ñçñ ~=ïáÇÉåáåÖ=ÇÉÉéÉåáåÖ
ÖêÉÉååÉëëNOK áÇÉ~ë=ÅçãÉ=áåíç=ÑçÅìë Äêáääá~åíäóI=ÅçåÅÉåíê~íÉÇäóNPK íÜÉ=éçÉã=áë=ÑáåáëÜÉÇLïêáíÉêDë=ÄäçÅâ=çîÉêÅçãÉ
Äó=Ñçñáí=ÉåíÉêë=íÜÉ=Ç~êâ=ÜçäÉ=çÑíÜÉ=ÜÉ~ÇI
NQK íÜÉ=ëçìêÅÉ=çÑ=áåëéáê~íáçå íÜÉ=é~ÖÉ=áë=éêáåíÉÇ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NPS
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉI=ãÉí~éÜçêëI=ëáãáäÉëI=ÇÉí~áäI=ìëÉ=çÑ=ëÉåëÉëEëáÖÜíI=ëçìåÇI=ëãÉääFI=çåçã~íçéçÉá~K
oÉï~êÇ=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~ó=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉ=ÑçñDë=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëóãÄçäáÅ~ääóêÉéêÉëÉåíë=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉëë=çÑ=äáíÉê~êó=ÅêÉ~íáîáíó=EíÜçìÖÜíJÑçñFK
k_=cçê=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=éçÉãI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÅÜççëÉ=~åó=lkb=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ëÉÅíáçå=Dk~íìêÉDKoÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íáÅâÉÇ=Ñçê=É~ÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÜêÉÉ=ÄìääÉíëK=cçê=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=Éñ~ãéäÉ=çÑÉ~ÅÜI=ã~êâ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=äÉííÉêW=a=Ñçê=ÇÉí~áäëLÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=ëÅÉåÉI=^=Ñçê=íÜÉéçÉíDë=~ííáíìÇÉëLíÜçìÖÜíë=íêáÖÖÉêÉÇ=Äó=k~íìêÉ=~åÇ=i=Ñçê=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
0-1 qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëIÄìí=ïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=~åÇ=áÇÉ~ëKqÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉïêÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=áÇÉ~ëÖÉåÉê~íÉÇ=Äó=k~íìêÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÜÉ=áÇÉ~ë=ÖÉåÉê~íÉÇ=Äó=k~íìêÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇÖê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áÇÉ~ë=ÖÉåÉê~íÉÇ=Äó=k~íìêÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖçÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=áå=~ï~ó=ïÜáÅÜ=ã~âÉë=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=íç=áääìëíê~íÉ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçåÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=áÇÉ~ë=ÖÉåÉê~íÉÇ=Äó=k~íìêÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~êìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉëëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=áÇÉ~ë=ÖÉåÉê~íÉÇ=Äó=k~íìêÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~êçêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖçÑ=íÜÉ=áÇÉ~ë=ÖÉåÉê~íÉÇ=Äó=k~íìêÉK==fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉKfåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N PT
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑíÜÉ=áÇÉ~ë=ÖÉåÉê~íÉÇ=Äó=k~íìêÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçïÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NPU
SK
k~íìêÉiççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=kÉííäÉë=~åÇ=qÜáëíäÉëK=tÜ~í=Çç=óçì=äÉ~êå=Ñêçã=É~ÅÜ=éçÉã=~Äçìí=íÜÉïêáíÉêÛë=îáÉï=çÑ=å~íìêÉ\
vçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅçããÉåí=çåW• ïÜ~í=É~ÅÜ=ïêáíÉê=ÑáåÇë=áåíÉêÉëíáåÖ=áå=å~íìêÉ• íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêëD=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=å~íìê~ä=çÄàÉÅíë• íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=íÜÉ=å~íìê~ä=ëÅÉåÉë=Ü~îÉ=çå=É~ÅÜ=éçÉíK
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=å~íìêÉ=~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=éä~åíë• íÜÉ=éçÉíDë=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=áå=ÅêÉ~íáåÖ=ìåìëì~ä=áã~ÖÉë• íÜÉ=ï~ó=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉ=ëÅÉåÉë=~ÑÑÉÅí=íÜÉ=éçÉíë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=îáÉï=çÑ=å~íìêÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
kÉííäÉë qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNK ÇáëÅìëëáçå=çÑ=DÄÉÇD=~ë=ëçãÉíÜáåÖ
åçí=ÅçãÑçêíáåÖDÄÉÇD=ëÉÉãÉÇ=~=Åìêáçìë=å~ãÉÁ
OK ãáäáí~êó=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=Ñçê=åÉííäÉëEëìëí~áåÉÇ=ãÉí~éÜçêF
ÖêÉÉå=ëéÉ~êë
PK Ü~êëÜ=ëáÇÉ=çÑ=å~íìêÉ êÉÖáãÉåí=çÑ=ëéáíÉQK ~åÖêó=~íí~Åâ=çå=íÜÉ=åÉííäÉë=~ë=íÜÉ
ÉåÉãó=ëçäÇáÉêëÑáÉêÅÉ=é~ê~ÇÉÁ=ëä~ëÜÉÇ=áå=Ñìêó
RK áÇÉ~=çÑ=ÄìêåáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÇÉ~ÇDëçäÇáÉêëD
ÑìåÉê~ä=éóêÉ
SK ÑçêÅÉ=çÑ=å~íìê~ä=ÅóÅäÉ íÜÉ=Äìëó=ëìå=~åÇ=ê~áåTKK åÉííäÉë=ïçìäÇ=ïçìåÇ=~Ö~áå êÉáåÑçêÅÉãÉåíëÁ=í~ää=êÉÅêìáíëqÜáëíäÉë qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉUK íÜÉ=ëíêÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÖêçïáåÖ
íÜáëíäÉëëéáâÉ=íÜÉ=ëìããÉê=~áêÁ=Åê~ÅâäÉçéÉå
VK íÜÉ=áÇÉ~=çÑ=êÉJÄáêíÜI=åÉï=äáÑÉ ~=êÉîÉåÖÉÑìä=Äìêëí=çÑ=êÉëìêêÉÅíáçåNMK ï~êäáâÉ=áã~ÖÉêó=íç=ëÜçï
DëÜ~êéåÉëëDëéäáåíÉêÉÇ=ïÉ~éçåëX=éäìãÉ=çÑÄäççÇI=ÉíÅ
NNK îáâáåÖ=áã~ÖÉêó=íç=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÖêçïíÜ=ëí~ÖÉë
ÇÉÅ~óÉÇ=sáâáåÖÁ=é~äÉ=Ü~áê
NOK ~ÖÉáåÖ=éêçÅÉëë Öêçï=ÖêÉó=äáâÉ=ãÉåNPK êÉëáäáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=å~íìê~ä=ÅóÅäÉ=J=~äï~óë
ëéêáåÖáåÖ=ìéÑáÖÜíáåÖ=Ä~Åâ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N PV
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=ëÜçï=~=ëçìåÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëáäáÉåÅÉ~åÇ=áãé~Åí=çÑ=å~íìêÉI=~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=~åÇ=ÉÑÑÉÅíëK=tÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áåíÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉIã~êâáåÖ=íÜÉëÉ=ïáíÜ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåK
k_=`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÄÉ=êÉï~êÇÉÇ=Ñçê=~=Åçãé~ê~íáîÉäó=ëã~ää=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=éçáåíë=áÑíÜÉëÉ=~êÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~åÇ=ëìééçêíÉÇ=Äó=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñí=~åÇ=áÑ=íÜÉêÉ=áëÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=èì~äáíóK=nìçí~íáçåë=çê=ÅäçëÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=EÉÖ=äáåÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áåÄê~ÅâÉíëF=~êÉ=Éèì~ääó=~ÅÅÉéí~ÄäÉK
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ìåìëì~ä=áã~ÖÉëIëìëí~áåÉÇ=ãÉí~éÜçêëI=ÇÉëÅêáéíáîÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ëÜçïáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÑçêÅÉ=çÑ=êÉÖêçïíÜLå~íìê~ä=ÅóÅäÉIíçåÉK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êÖê~ÇÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=Öê~ÇÉ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉK=qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉçîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK=táíÜáå=íÜÉ=Ä~åÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉI=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~ãáåçêáíó=çÑ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=éÉêí~áåáåÖ=íç=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉë=ïáää=ÜÉäé=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉíÜÉ=éêÉÅáëÉ=ã~êâ=íç=ÄÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇK
j~êâ=o~åÖÉ aÉëÅêáéíçê=MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ
éçÉãëI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑä~åÖì~ÖÉK
=OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=å~íìê~äçÄàÉÅíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíëÉÑÑÉÅíK==^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
=RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑíÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáÉïë=çÑ=å~íìêÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
=UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáÉïë=çÑ=å~íìêÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇéçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
=NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáÉïë=çÑ=å~íìêÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áêìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áå=ÅêÉ~íáåÖëíêáâáåÖ=áã~ÖÉëK=pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=áå=~=ï~ó=ïÜáÅÜã~âÉë=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=íç=áääìëíê~íÉ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ìëÉçÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
=NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉíêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáÉïë=çÑ=å~íìêÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~êìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áå=ÅêÉ~íáåÖëíêáâáåÖ=áã~ÖÉëK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áåíÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉéçÉíëD=ïêáíáåÖK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NQM
=NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáÉïë=çÑ=å~íìêÉKqÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìäáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áåéêÉëÉåíáåÖ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáÉïëK
=OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáÉïë=çÑ=å~íìêÉKfÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=ÑìääóÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉK=fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áå=éêÉëÉåíáåÖ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáÉïë=ëÜçïáåëáÖÜíK
=OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçåÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáÉïë=çÑ=å~íìêÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇçêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áå=éêÉëÉåíáåÖ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáÉïëëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N QN
pÉÅíáçå=_W=kçåJÑáÅíáçåTKiççâ=~Ö~áå=áå=íÜÉ=bÇÉñÅÉä=^åíÜçäçÖó=~í=dÉêî~ëÉ=mÜáååÛë=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=Üáë=îáëáí=íç=~ëÅÜççä=áå=íÜÉ=vçêâëÜáêÉ=a~äÉëK
tÜ~í=~ëéÉÅíë=çÑ=Üáë=îáëáí=ïçìäÇ=Ü~îÉ=éäÉ~ëÉÇ=Üáã=~ë=~=ëÅÜççä=áåëéÉÅíçê\
vçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅçåëáÇÉêW• íÜÉ=ëÉííáåÖ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=~íãçëéÜÉêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÅÜççä• íÜÉ=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÉ~ÅÜáåÖ• íÜÉ=éìéáäëÛ=~ÅÜáÉîÉãÉåíë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñí• Éî~äì~íÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=äáåÖìáëíáÅI=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇ=éêÉëÉåí~íáçå~ä=ÇÉîáÅÉë• ëÉäÉÅí=ã~íÉêá~ä=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=íç=éìêéçëÉK
^=êÉäÉî~åí=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ÑçÅìë=çåW
• íÜÉ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÅÜççä=íÜ~í=áãéêÉëëÉÇ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê• Éñéä~áåáåÖ=~åÇ=àìëíáÑóáåÖ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä• ìëáåÖ=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=íç=ëìÄëí~åíá~íÉ=éçáåíë=ã~ÇÉK
`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=ÑêÉÉ=íç=ëÉäÉÅí=~åÇ=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÉñíì~ä=ÇÉí~áäë=áå=~=î~êáÉíó=çÑ=ï~óëK=qÜÉÑçääçïáåÖ=ëÉÅíáçå=áääìëíê~íÉë=ëçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçëëáÄäÉ=éçáåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ã~âÉ=ÄìíÉñ~ãáåÉêë=ëÜçìäÇ=Éî~äì~íÉ=çíÜÉê=êÉëéçåëÉë=çå=íÜÉáê=ãÉêáíëK=fí=áë=áãéçêí~åí=íç=ÄÉ=~äÉêííç=ìåìëì~ä=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉ=ïÉää=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=~åÇ=ëìÄëí~åíá~íÉÇ=Äó=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉìëÉ=çÑ=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=ëÜçï=~=ëçìåÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÉñí=~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉèìÉëíáçåK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=éçáåíë=~åÇ=êÉäÉî~åí=ÅçããÉåíëK
qÜÉ=ëÉííáåÖ=~åÇ=~íãçëéÜÉêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÅÜççä• ÄÉ~ìíáÑìä=Äìí=ÄäÉ~â=ëÉííáåÖI=ÅäçëÉ=íç=å~íìêÉ• ÑêáÉåÇäóI=ïÉäÅçãáåÖ=íÉ~ÅÜÉêëX=ÖççÇ=íÉ~ÅÜÉêLéìéáä=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë• íÜÉ=?ÄìëáåÉëëJäáâÉ=åçáëÉ=~åÇ=ÄìëíäÉ?• ÅçåÑáÇÉåíI=ÉåíÜìëá~ëíáÅI=Ü~ééó=ÅÜáäÇêÉå• ~ííê~ÅíáîÉ=Åä~ëëêççãë
qÜÉ=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÉ~ÅÜáåÖ• ?ÅäÉ~ê=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=ÜáÖÜ=èì~äáíó=ïçêâ?I=íÜÉ=éìéáäë=êÉ~Ç=?ÅçåÑáÇÉåíäó?• ~åÇ=éêçÇìÅÉ=ÖççÇ=ïêáííÉå=ïçêâ• jêë=aìêÇÉå=áë=~=?îÉêó=ÖççÇ=íÉ~ÅÜÉê?• ~ÄäÉ=íç=ãçíáî~íÉ=éìéáäë=ÉKÖK=áå=ëíáãìä~íáåÖ=ÜáëíçêáÅ~ä=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=~åÇ=ÅçääÉÅíáåÖ
~êíÉÑ~ÅíëI• Äó=éêçîáÇáåÖ=~=ëíáãìä~íáåÖ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí• ÉåÅçìê~ÖÉ=~ää=éìéáäë=íç=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=Äìí=~ï~êÉ=çÑ=åÉÉÇë=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ÄäÉëí=äáâÉ=gçëÉéÜ• ÅçåëÅáçìëäó=ëÉÉâáåÖ=íç=áãéêçîÉ=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=~åÇ=éêçìÇ=çÑ=~ÅÜáÉîÉãÉåíë
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NQO
mìéáäëD=~ÅÜáÉîÉãÉåíë=~åÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ• gçëÉéÜ=_~êÅä~óDë=ÜáëíçêáÅ~ä=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=~åÇ=ÉñíÉåí=çÑ=êÉ~ÇáåÖ• íÜÉ=eáëíçêó=çÑ=_~êíçå=jççê=m~êçÅÜá~ä=pÅÜççä• éìéáäë=êÉ~Ç=~åÇ=ïêáíÉ=ïáíÜ=ÅçåÑáÇÉåÅÉ• ìëÉ=çÑ=ÅçãéìíÉê• gçëÉéÜDë=Åçãã~åÇ=çÑ=îçÅ~Äìä~êó=ÉKÖK=?éÉêáëÜÉÇ?=ÉíÅ• íÜÉ=?êáÅÜåÉëë?=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåDë=Çá~äÉÅí• íÜÉ=?éçÉíáÅ?=ìëÉ=çÑ==íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=áå=íÜÉ=Çáëéä~ó=éáÉÅÉ
`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=åçí=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=ÅçããÉåí=çå=~ää=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ÄçîÉ=~êÉ~ëK=qÜÉó=ã~ó=ÄÉêÉï~êÇÉÇ=Ñçê=~=Åçãé~ê~íáîÉäó=ëã~ää=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=éçáåíë=áÑ=íÜÉëÉ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäóÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~åÇ=ëìééçêíÉÇ=Äó=ïÉääJÅÜçëÉå=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉK
qÜÉ=Ú_Éëí=cáíÛ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN sÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáåÖ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖKbñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåíK
OJQ pÜçïë=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=î~äáÇéçáåíëK=pÜçïë=äáííäÉ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=áÇÉ~ëK=pÜçïë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=ïÜ~íïçìäÇ=Ü~îÉ=áãéêÉëëÉÇ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêK
RJT pÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=âÉó=áÇÉ~ëK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=î~äáÇéçáåíëK=mêÉëÉåíë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=ïáíÜ=é~êíá~ä=ëìÅÅÉëë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêëäáãáíÉÇ=Éî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=ïÜ~í=ïçìäÇÜ~îÉ=áãéêÉëëÉÇ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêK
UJNM pÜçïë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=âÉó=áÇÉ~ëK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíëKmêÉëÉåíë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ëíê~áÖÜíÑçêï~êÇ=Éî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=ïÜ~í=ïçìäÇ=Ü~îÉ=áãéêÉëëÉÇ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêK
NNJNP pÜçïë=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=êÉäÉî~åíéçáåíë=ÇÉîÉäçéë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=Éî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïëÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=ïÜ~í=ïçìäÇ=Ü~îÉ=áãéêÉëëÉÇ=íÜÉïêáíÉêK
NQJNS pÜçïë=ëçìåÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑêÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíëK=aÉîÉäçéë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=áå=ÇÉí~áä=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêëëÉÅìêÉ=Éî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=ëçìåÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=ïÜ~í=ïçìäÇ=Ü~îÉáãéêÉëëÉÇ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêK
NTJNV pÜçïë=ÖççÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=ÖççÇ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ïÉääJÑçÅìëÉÇéçáåíëK=aÉîÉäçéë=áÇÉ~ë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=íÜçìÖÜíÑìäÉî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=~=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÑçÅìë=çå=ïÜ~í=ïçìäÇ=Ü~îÉáãéêÉëëÉÇ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêK
OMJOO lÑÑÉêë=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=~å~äóëáëK=j~âÉë=~=ÖççÇ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=~éí=éçáåíëKaÉîÉäçéë=áÇÉ~ë=Ñìääó=~åÇ=éÉêëì~ëáîÉäóI=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ÅçåîáåÅáåÖÉî~äì~íáçåK=mêÉëÉåíë=~=ÅäÉ~êI=áåëáÖÜíÑìä=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=çÑ=ïÜ~íïçìäÇ=Ü~îÉ=áãéêÉëëÉÇ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêK
OPJOR lÑÑÉêë=~å=~ëíìíÉ=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=~å~äóëáëK=j~âÉë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=éçáåíë=ïáíÜÅä~êáíó=~åÇ=Ñä~áêK=bñéäçêÉë=áÇÉ~ë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉäó=~åÇ=çÑÑÉêë=áãéêÉëëáîÉäóíÜçêçìÖÜ=Éî~äì~íáçåK=aÉãçåëíê~íÉë=ÅçÖÉåí=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=áåëáÖÜíëáåíç=ïÜ~í=ïçìäÇ=Ü~îÉ=áãéêÉëëÉÇ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N QP
pÉÅíáçå=`W=têáíáåÖ=íç=áåÑçêãI=Éñéä~áåI=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ
UK
aÉëÅêáÄÉ=áå=ÅäÉ~ê=ÇÉí~áä=~=éä~ÅÉ=íÜ~í=Ü~ë=éä~óÉÇ=~å=áãéçêí~åí=é~êí=áå=óçìê=äáÑÉ=~åÇÉñéä~áå=Ñìääó=ïÜó=áí=ãÉ~åë=ëç=ãìÅÜ=íç=óçìK
j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉqÜáë=èìÉëíáçå=êÉèìáêÉë=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=íç=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ=~åÇ=íç=Éñéä~áåI=íÜçìÖÜ=áí=áë=åçí=åÉÅÉëë~êóÑçê=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=íç=ÇÉîçíÉ=Éèì~ä=ëé~ÅÉ=íç=É~ÅÜK
_ÉÅ~ìëÉ=åç=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=áë=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=åÉÉÇ=íç=àìÇÖÉ=Ñçê=íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=~å~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ëíóäÉ=Ñçê=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáåÖ=ïáíÜ=~å=ìåâåçïå=êÉ~ÇÉêëÜáéK=^å=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉêÉëéçåëÉ=áë=ìåäáâÉäó=íç=ÄÉ=~í=íÜÉ=ÉñíêÉãÉ=ÉåÇë=çÑ=~=ëÅ~äÉ=çÑ=Ñçêã~äáíóK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• fÇÉåíáÑáÉë=~=éä~ÅÉ• j~âÉë=ìåÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáîÉ=ëí~íÉãÉåíë• mÉêÜ~éë=åÉÖäÉÅíë=íÜÉ=“Éñéä~áåÒ=é~êí=çÑ=èìÉëíáçå• i~Åâë=~=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇLçê=áë=êÉéÉíáíáçìë=áå=áíë=~ééêç~ÅÜ• lÑÑÉêë=~=ëìéÉêÑáÅá~ä=êÉëéçåëÉI=ä~ÅâáåÖ=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ
èìÉëíáçå
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• aÉëÅêáÄÉë=éä~ÅÉ=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=áå=ëçãÉ=ÇÉí~áä• aÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ÅçããÉåíë=Éñéä~áåáåÖ=ïÜó=íÜÉ=éä~ÅÉ=áë=ëéÉÅá~ä• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ• mêçîáÇÉë=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ÅçããÉåí=ïÜáÅÜ=êÉÑäÉÅíë=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• rëÉë=Å~êÉÑìääó=ÅÜçëÉåI=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáîÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉI=éêçÄ~Ääó=~ééÉ~äáåÖ=íç=ëÉîÉê~ä
ëÉåëÉëK• båÖ~ÖÉë=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå=Äó=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=~åÇ=àìëíáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ
éä~ÅÉ• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=êÉÑäÉÅíáåÖ=ïêáíÉêÛë=çîÉê~ää=éìêéçëÉ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NQQ
VK
vçìê=ëÅÜççä=áë=ÖçáåÖ=íç=Ü~îÉ=~=åÉï=ÄìáäÇáåÖ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=pÅÜççä=dçîÉêåçêë=Ü~îÉ=ÇÉÅáÇÉÇíÜ~í=áí=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~=ÖççÇ=áÇÉ~=íç=Äìêó=~=íáãÉ=Å~éëìäÉ=íç=ÄÉ=çéÉåÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=Çáëí~åí=ÑìíìêÉK
qÜÉó=Ü~îÉ=~ëâÉÇ=éìéáäë=íç=ëìÖÖÉëí=ÑáîÉ=çÄàÉÅíë=íÜ~í=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=áåÅäìÇÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=Å~éëìäÉ=íçêÉéêÉëÉåí=äáÑÉ=áå=íÜÉ=É~êäó=íïÉåíóJÑáêëí=ÅÉåíìêóK
têáíÉ=~=äÉííÉê=íç=íÜÉ=pÅÜççä=dçîÉêåçêë=Éñéä~áåáåÖ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÑáîÉ=çÄàÉÅíë=íÜ~í=óçì=íÜáåâëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=éìí=áå=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=Å~éëìäÉI=ÖáîáåÖ=Ñìääó=óçìê=êÉ~ëçåë=Ñçê=ÅÜççëáåÖ=íÜÉãK
j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉqÜáë=áë=~å=Éñéä~å~íçêó=í~ëâ=ïáíÜ=~=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉK=^äíÜçìÖÜ=åç=ã~êâë=~êÉ~ï~êÇÉÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ëÉííáåÖ=çìí=çÑ=~ÇÇêÉëëÉëI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=åÉÉÇ=íç=ÅÜççëÉ=~å=~ééêçéêá~íÉë~äìí~íáçå=~åÇ=ÉåÇáåÖI=~åÇ=íç=~Ççéí=~=ëíóäÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=íç=~=Ñçêã~ä=äÉííÉêK=mäÉ~ëÉ=êÉÑÉêíç=é~ÖÉ=RK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• ^Ççéíë=~=äÉííÉê=Ñçêã~í• iáëíë=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=çÄàÉÅíë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Å~éëìäÉ• mÉêÜ~éë=åÉÖäÉÅíë=Ñìää=àìëíáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=çÄàÉÅíë=ÅÜçëÉå• mêçÄäÉãë=ïáíÜ=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ëíóäÉ• lÑÑÉêë=~=ëìéÉêÑáÅá~ä=êÉëéçåëÉI=ä~ÅâáåÖ=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ
èìÉëíáçå
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• bñéä~áåë=áå=ëçãÉ=ÇÉí~áä=êÉ~ëçåë=Ñçê=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=çÄàÉÅíë• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=ëÜçïáåÖ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=~=Ñçêã~ä=äÉííÉê=ëíóäÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=áåíÉåÇÉÇ
~ìÇáÉåÅÉ• mêçîáÇÉë=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ÅçããÉåí=ïÜáÅÜ=êÉÑäÉÅíë=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• rëÉë=Å~êÉÑìääó=ÅÜçëÉå=Éñéä~å~íçêó=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ• båÖ~ÖÉë=Ñìääó=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå=Äó=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=~åÇ=àìëíáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ÅÜçáÅÉ
çÑ=çÄàÉÅíë• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=ëÜçïáåÖ=Åçåíêçä=çÑ=êÉÖáëíÉê=~åÇ=~=ÑçÅìë=çå=íÜÉ=áåíÉåÇÉÇ
~ìÇáÉåÅÉ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N QR
båÖäáëÜ=^=NOMP=Pc
pÉÅíáçå=^W=råëÉÉå=jÉÇá~
NK
oÉ~Ç=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=a~áäó=j~áä=“UMMÑí=Ñ~ää=Öáêä=Ä~Åâ=çå=ÜÉê=ÑÉÉí=áå=íïç=ïÉÉâëÒK=eçïëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=áë=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉ=áå=Éñéä~áåáåÖ=p~ê~ÜÛë=~ÅÅáÇÉåí=~åÇ=ã~âáåÖ=ÜÉê=êÉÅçîÉêó=ëÉÉãêÉã~êâ~ÄäÉ\
få=óçìê=~åëïÉê=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ïêáíÉ=~ÄçìíW
• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=éÜçíçÖê~éÜë=~åÇ=áääìëíê~íáçåë• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ÜÉ~ÇäáåÉë=~åÇ=Å~éíáçåë• íÜÉ=ÅçåíÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉ• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• Éî~äì~íÉ=Üçï=áåÑçêã~íáçå=áë=éêÉëÉåíÉÇK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• Éî~äì~íÉ=Üçï=áåÑçêã~íáçå=áë=êÉëÉåíÉÇ• áÇÉåíáÑó=áãéäáÅ~íáçåëX=ëÉäÉÅí=ã~íÉêá~ä=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=íç=éìêéçëÉK
^=êÉäÉî~åí=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ÑçÅìë=çåW
• Éî~äì~íáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëìÅÅÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉ=áå=Éñéä~áåáåÖ=p~ê~ÜÛë=~ÅÅáÇÉåí=~åÇ=ã~âáåÖ=ÜÉêêÉÅçîÉêó=ëÉÉã=êÉã~êâ~ÄäÉ
• ÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖ=íÜÉ=ï~óë=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=ÜÉ~ÇäáåÉëI=éÜçíçÖê~éÜëI=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=~åó=çíÜÉêÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ä~óçìí=~åÇ=ÇÉëáÖå=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=é~êíáÅìä~ê=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=~åÇ=áãéêÉëëáçåë
• Éñéä~áåáåÖ=~åÇ=àìëíáÑóáåÖ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä• ìëáåÖ=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=íç=ëìÄëí~åíá~íÉ=éçáåíë=ã~ÇÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=ëÜçï=~=ëçìåÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÉñí=~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉèìÉëíáçåK==oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=éçáåíë=~åÇ=êÉäÉî~åí=ÅçããÉåíëK=`çîÉê~ÖÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÄìääÉíéçáåí=ÜÉ~ÇáåÖë=áå=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉëÛ=~åëïÉêë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=áÇÉåíáÑáÉÇ=Äó=éä~ÅáåÖ=Å~éáí~ä=äÉííÉêë=áåíÜÉ=ã~êÖáåW
• m=Ó=éÜçíçÖê~éÜë=~åÇ=áääìëíê~íáçåë• e=Ó=ìëÉ=çÑ=ÜÉ~ÇäáåÉë=~åÇ=Å~éíáçåë• `=Ó=ÅçåíÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉ• i=Ó=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ
`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=ÑêÉÉ=íç=áåíÉêéêÉí=íÉñíì~ä=ÇÉí~áäë=áå=~=î~êáÉíó=çÑ=ï~óëK==qÜÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖëÉÅíáçå=áääìëíê~íÉë=ëçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçëëáÄäÉ=éçáåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ã~âÉ=ÄìíÉñ~ãáåÉêë=ëÜçìäÇ=Éî~äì~íÉ=çíÜÉê=êÉëéçåëÉë=çå=íÜÉáê=ãÉêáíëK==fí=áë=áãéçêí~åí=íç=ÄÉ~äÉêí=íç=ìåìëì~ä=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉ=ïÉää=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=~åÇ=ëìÄëí~åíá~íÉÇ=ÄóÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NQS
qÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=éÜçíçÖê~éÜë=~åÇ=áääìëíê~íáçåëqÜÉ=äÉÑí=ëáÇÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉéçêí=Åçåëáëíë=çÑ=~=ãçåí~ÖÉ=çÑW• ~=éÜçíçÖê~éÜ=çÑ=p~ê~Ü=tççÇêçÑÑÉ=ï~äâáåÖ=ïáíÜ=~=ëíáÅâ• ~=ÜÉ~ÇJ~åÇJëÜçìäÇÉêë=éÜçíçÖê~éÜ=çÑ=p~ê~Ü=ïÉ~êáåÖ=~=åÉÅâ=Äê~ÅÉ• uJê~ó=éÜçíçÖê~éÜë=çÑ=p~ê~ÜÛë=åÉÅâ=ÄçåÉë=ïáíÜ=íáí~åáìã=éä~íÉ=~åÇ=ëÅêÉïë=~åÇ=ÜÉê
Ç~ã~ÖÉÇ=âåÉÉ=Å~é• ~=éÜçíçÖê~éÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=_áÇÉ~å=å~ã=_á~å=êáÇÖÉ=ïáíÜ=~=ëìéÉêáãéçëÉÇ=UMMÑí=ëÅ~äÉ
ëÜçïáåÖ=ïÜÉêÉ=p~ê~Ü=ÑÉää
eÉ~ÇäáåÉë=~åÇ=Å~éíáçåë• íÜÉ=ÄçäÇ=ÜÉ~ÇäáåÉ=Åçåíê~ëíë=íÜÉ=UMMÑí=Ñ~ää==ïáíÜ=p~ê~ÜÛë=ê~éáÇ=êÉÅçîÉêóW=Ä~Åâ=çå=ÜÉê
ÑÉÉí=áå=íïç=ïÉÉâë• ~=Ää~ÅâJçåJïÜáíÉ=ÜÉ~ÇäáåÉ=áåíêçÇìÅÉë=íÜÉ=éÜçíçJãçåí~ÖÉ=çå=íÜÉ=äÉÑí=ëáÇÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ
~êíáÅäÉ• Å~éíáçåë=~äçåÖëáÇÉ=íÜÉ=éÜçíçÖê~éÜë=Éñéä~áå=íÜÉ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=p~ê~ÜÛë=áåàìêáÉë=~åÇ
êÉÅçîÉêó• ~=èìçí~íáçå=Ñêçã=p~ê~Ü=áë=ëÉí=çìí=éêçãáåÉåíäó=áå=Åçäìãå=NW=mäÉ~ëÉ=äÉí=ãÉ=ëíçé=ëççå
`çåíÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉ• èìçí~íáçåë=Ñêçã=p~ê~ÜÛë=ÇçÅíçêë=Éî~äì~íÉ=ÜÉê=êÉÅçîÉêó=~ë=åçíÜáåÖ=ëÜçêí=çÑ
ãáê~Åìäçìë=~åÇ=èìáíÉ=êÉã~êâ~ÄäÉ• p~ê~Ü=ÜÉêëÉäÑ=áë=èìçíÉÇ=EÑççí=çÑ=Åçäìãå=N=~åÇ=é~ê~Öê~éÜë=PI=Q=~åÇ=çÑ=Åçäìãå=OF=íç
ÜÉäé=Çê~ã~íáëÉ=íÜÉ=~ÅÅáÇÉåí• qÜÉ=ëÅ~äÉ=çÑ=p~ê~ÜÛë=Ñ~ää=áë=ÉãéÜ~ëáëÉÇ=Äó=~=Åçãé~êáëçå=ïáíÜ=`~å~êó=tÜ~êÑI=_êáí~áåÛë
í~ääÉëí=ÄìáäÇáåÖ• iÉëäÉó=oçÄÉêíëI=íÜÉ=àçìêå~äáëíI=ëìééäáÉë=Éñéä~å~íçêó=Ä~ÅâÖêçìåÇ=~Äçìí=ïÜ~í
Ü~ééÉåÉÇ=íç=p~ê~Ü• ëÜÉ=~äëç=ëìééäáÉë=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=ã~íÉêá~ä=íç=äáåâ=íÜÉ=é~êíáÅáé~åíëÛ=ÑáêëíJéÉêëçå=~ÅÅçìåíëW
eÉê=Åçãé~åáçå=^äÉñ=_çïÇÉåI=ONI=ï~ë=ÜìåÇêÉÇë=çÑ=ÑÉÉí=ìé=íÜÉ=ãçìåí~áåÁ
rëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ• Åçåíê~ëíáåÖ=é~áêëWqïç=ïÉÉâë=~Öç=ëÜÉ=ÄêçâÉ=ÜÉê=åÉÅâÁ• vÉëíÉêÇ~ó=xëÜÉz=ï~äâÉÇ=çìí=çÑ=Üçëéáí~äÁ• Åçåíê~ÅíÉÇ=ëíêìÅíìêÉë=ìëÉÇ=áå=Å~éíáçåëW=jçêÉ=é~áåÑìä=íÜ~å=åÉÅâ=çéÉê~íáçå• ìëÉ=çÑ=ÇáêÉÅí=èìçí~íáçå=ÜÉäéë=êÉ~ÇÉêë=íç=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=íÜÉ=Çê~ã~=~åÇ=áããÉÇá~Åó=çÑ=íÜÉ
Ñ~ää=~åÇ=p~ê~ÜÛë=êÉÅçîÉêó• ëáåÖäÉJïçêÇ=ä~ÄÉäë=Åä~êáÑó=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ=çÑ=uJê~óëW=pqo^mpI=mfkp
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëíÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N QT
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN sÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáåÖ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=bñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇÅçåíÉåíK
O=J=Q pÜçïë=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=î~äáÇ=éçáåíëKpÜçïë=äáííäÉ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=áÇÉ~ëK=pÜçïë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉéêÉëÉåíë=áíë=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=p~ê~ÜÛë=~ÅÅáÇÉåíK
R=J=T pÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=âÉó=áÇÉ~ëK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíëKmêÉëÉåíë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=ïáíÜ=é~êíá~ä=ëìÅÅÉëë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=äáãáíÉÇÉî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉ=éêÉëÉåíë=áíë~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=p~ê~ÜÛë=~ÅÅáÇÉåíK
UJNM pÜçïë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=âÉó=áÇÉ~ëK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíëKmêÉëÉåíë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ëíê~áÖÜíÑçêï~êÇ=Éî~äì~íáçåKpÜçïë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉ=éêÉëÉåíë=áíë=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=p~ê~ÜÛë~ÅÅáÇÉåí
NNJNP pÜçïë=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑêÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíëK=aÉîÉäçéë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=Éî~äì~íáçåKpÜçïë=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉ=éêÉëÉåíë=áíë~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=p~ê~ÜÛë=~ÅÅáÇÉåíK
NQJNS pÜçïë=ëçìåÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíëKaÉîÉäçéë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=áå=ÇÉí~áä=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ëÉÅìêÉ=Éî~äì~íáçåKpÜçïë=ëçìåÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉ=éêÉëÉåíë=áíë=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑp~ê~ÜÛë=~ÅÅáÇÉåíK
NTJNV pÜçïë=ÖççÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=ÖççÇ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ïÉääJÑçÅìëÉÇéçáåíëK=aÉîÉäçéë=áÇÉ~ë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=Éî~äì~íáçåKpÜçïë=~=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÑçÅìë=çå=Üçï=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉ=éêÉëÉåíë=áíë=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑp~ê~ÜÛë=~ÅÅáÇÉåíK
OMJOO lÑÑÉêë=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=~å~äóëáëK=j~âÉë=~=ÖççÇ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=~éí=éçáåíëKaÉîÉäçéë=áÇÉ~ë=Ñìääó=~åÇ=éÉêëì~ëáîÉäóI=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ÅçåîáåÅáåÖÉî~äì~íáçåK=mêÉëÉåíë=~=ÅäÉ~êI=áåëáÖÜíÑìä=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=çÑ=Üçï=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉéêÉëÉåíë=áíë=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=p~ê~ÜÛë=~ÅÅáÇÉåíK
OPJOR lÑÑÉêë=~å=~ëíìíÉ=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=~å~äóëáëK=j~âÉë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=éçáåíë=ïáíÜÅä~êáíó=~åÇ=Ñä~áêK=bñéäçêÉë=áÇÉ~ë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉäó=~åÇ=çÑÑÉêë=áãéêÉëëáîÉäóíÜçêçìÖÜ=Éî~äì~íáçåK=aÉãçåëíê~íÉë=ÅçÖÉåí=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=áåëáÖÜíë=áåíçÜçï=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉ=éêÉëÉåíë=áíë=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=p~ê~ÜÛë=~ÅÅáÇÉåíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NQU
pÉÅíáçå=_W=têáíáåÖ=íç=~êÖìÉI=éÉêëì~ÇÉI=~ÇîáëÉ
OK
têáíÉ=~å=~êíáÅäÉ=Ñçê=~=åÉïëé~éÉê=~êÖìáåÖ=óçìê=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=çå=íÜÉ=íçéáÅW
pÜçìäÇ=ëÅÜççä=éìéáäë=~ÖÉÇ=NQ=óÉ~êë=~åÇ=~ÄçîÉ=ÄÉ=ã~ÇÉ=íç=í~âÉ=é~êí=áå=ëéçêí\
vçì=ã~ó=ïáëÜ=íç=ÅçåëáÇÉêW• íÜÉ=~ãçìåí=çÑ=íáãÉ=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=áå=ëÅÜççä• íÜÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=íÉ~ã=~åÇ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ëéçêíë=çÑÑÉêÉÇ• éçëëáÄäÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=ÄÉåÉÑáíë• ~åó=çíÜÉê=êÉäÉî~åí=~ëéÉÅíëK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉ`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=~êÖìÉ=~=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=ïáíÜ=~=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉKqÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=åç=ã~êâë=Ñçê=îáëì~ä=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=~=åÉïëé~éÉê=~êíáÅäÉ=ëìÅÜ=~ë=Åçäìãåë=~åÇ=Ñçåíî~êáÉíáÉëI=Äìí=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ëÜçï=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñçêã=íÜêçìÖÜ=~=ÜÉ~ÇäáåÉK=pçãÉÅ~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÅÜççëÉ=íç=ëéÉÅáÑó=~=åÉïëé~éÉê=Äó=íáíäÉ=çê=íóéÉX=ã~êâÉêë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉëÉåëáíáîÉ=íç=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉëÛ=~ííÉãéíë=íç=áãáí~íÉ=~=ÅÉêí~áå=àçìêå~äáëíáÅ=ëíóäÉK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• j~ó=Ü~îÉ=ÜÉ~ÇäáåÉ=çê=çíÜÉê=ÑÉ~íìêÉ=çÑ=åÉïëé~éÉê=~êíáÅäÉ=Ñçêã~í• dáîÉë=ëíê~áÖÜíÑçêï~êÇ=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=çå=íçéáÅ• j~ó=ÄêáÉÑäó=~ÇÇêÉëë=íÜÉ=éêçãéíë• mÉêÜ~éë=éêçÄäÉãë=ïáíÜ=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ëíóäÉ• lÑÑÉêë=~=ëìéÉêÑáÅá~ä=êÉëéçåëÉI=ä~ÅâáåÖ=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=íÉêãë=áÑ=íÜÉ
èìÉëíáçå
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• pçãÉ=~ííÉãéí=íç=ïêáíÉ=áå=ëíóäÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=íç=åÉïëé~éÉê=~êíáÅäÉ• lÑÑÉêë=~=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=~êÖìãÉåíI=éêçÄ~Ääó=ëìééçêíÉÇ=Äó=~åÉÅÇçíÉ=çê=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=ïáíÜ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=áåíÉåÇÉÇ=êÉ~ÇÉêëÜáé
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• ^êÖìãÉåíë=~êÉ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇI=ïáíÜ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÜÉíçêáÅ~ä=ÇÉîáÅÉë• båÖ~ÖÉë=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçåI=ïáíÜ=Ñìää=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Ñçêã=~åÇ
áåíÉåÇÉÇ=êÉ~ÇÉêëÜáé• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N QV
PK
vçìê=ëÅÜççä=Ü~ë=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=~=ÅÜ~êáíó=ïÉÉâK==aìêáåÖ=íÜáë=ïÉÉâI=ãçåÉó=ïáää=ÄÉ=ê~áëÉÇ=íçëìééçêí=íÜÉ=ïçêâ=çÑ=~=äçÅ~ä=çê=å~íáçå~ä=ÅÜ~êáíóK==vçì=~êÉ=ÑêÉÉ=íç=ëÉäÉÅí=~=ÅÜ~êáíó=çÑ=óçìêçïåI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉ=~=ÅÜ~êáíó=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Çáë~ÄäÉÇ=çê=Ñçê=Çáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉÇ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåI=çê=~å=~åáã~äÅÜ~êáíó=çê=~=ÅÜ~êáíó=íÜ~í=ëìééçêíë=~=é~êíáÅìä~ê=Å~ìëÉK
têáíÉ=~=ëéÉÉÅÜ=íç=ÄÉ=ÖáîÉå=ÇìêáåÖ=~=ëÅÜççä=~ëëÉãÄäó=íç=éÉêëì~ÇÉ=ëíìÇÉåíë=íç=ÖáîÉãçåÉó=íç=óçìê=ÅÜ~êáíóK
vçì=ã~ó=ïáëÜ=íç=ÅçåëáÇÉêW
• íÜÉ=~áã=çÑ=óçìê=ÅÜ~êáíó• íÜÉ=ïçêâ=áí=ÇçÉë• óçìê=êÉ~ëçåë=Ñçê=ëìééçêíáåÖ=áíK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉ`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=ïêáíÉ=éÉêëì~ëáîÉäó=ïáíÜ=~=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉKpìÅÅÉëëÑìä=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïáää=ëÜçï=~ï~êÉåÉëë=íÜ~í=ïÜ~í=íÜÉó=~êÉ=éêçÇìÅáåÖ=áë=~=ïêáííÉåíê~åëÅêáéí=çÑ=~=ëéÉÉÅÜ=íç=ÄÉ=ÇÉäáîÉêÉÇ=íç=~å=~ìÇáÉåÅÉK=_ÉííÉê=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïáää=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=áåîçäîÉ=íÜÉ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=íÜêçìÖÜ=éÉêëì~ëáîÉ=íÉÅÜåáèìÉëK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• fÇÉåíáÑáÉë=~=ÅÜ~êáíó• dáîÉë=~í=äÉ~ëí=çåÉ=êÉ~ëçå=Ñçê=ëìééçêíáåÖ=íÜ~í=ÅÜ~êáíó• j~ó=ÖáîÉ=ÄêáÉÑ=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=É~ÅÜ=éêçãéíI=Äìí=áÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=ìåÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ• mÉêÜ~éë=ä~Åâë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëéÉÉÅÜ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=íÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=íç=ÉåÖ~ÖÉ=~=äáîÉ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• dáîÉë=ëçãÉ=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=êÉ~ëçåë=Ñçê=ëìééçêíáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÅÜçëÉå=ÅÜ~êáíó• pÜçïë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ• bãéäçóë=ëçãÉ=éÉêëì~ëáîÉ=ÇÉîáÅÉë
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• rëÉë=Å~êÉÑìääó=ÅÜçëÉå=éÉêëì~ëáîÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ• båÖ~ÖÉë=Ñìääó=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçåI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ëÉåëáíáîÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ
Ñçêã=~åÇ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=êÉÑäÉÅíáåÖ=ïêáíÉêÛë=çîÉê~ää=éìêéçëÉ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NRM
pÉÅíáçå=`W=têáíáåÖ=íç=~å~äóëÉI=êÉîáÉïI=ÅçããÉåí
QK
^í=íÜÉ=ÉåÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉ=p~ê~Ü=tççÇêçÑÑÉ=ë~óëI=“f=âåçï=ëçãÉ=éÉçéäÉ=íÜáåâ=áíÛë=ëÉäÑáëÜ=Äìí=áíÛëëçãÉíÜáåÖ=f=àìëí=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÇçKÒ
têáíÉ=~=äÉííÉê=íç=íÜÉ=a~áäó=j~áä=ÅçããÉåíáåÖ=çå=ïÜÉíÜÉê=óçì=íÜáåâ=áí=áë=ëÉäÑáëÜ=íç=í~âÉ=é~êí=áåÇ~åÖÉêçìë=ëéçêíëK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉqÜáë=èìÉëíáçå=êÉèìáêÉë=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=íç=ÅçããÉåí=ïáíÜ=~=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉK==^äíÜçìÖÜåç=ã~êâë=~êÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ëÉííáåÖ=çìí=çÑ=~ÇÇêÉëëÉëI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=åÉÉÇ=íç=ÅÜççëÉ=~å~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ë~äìí~íáçå=~åÇ=ÉåÇáåÖI=~åÇ=íç=~Ççéí=~=ëíóäÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=íç=~=Ñçêã~ä=äÉííÉêK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• ^Ççéíë=~=äÉííÉê=Ñçêã~í• mêÉëÉåíë=çåÉ=çê=ãçêÉ=ëíê~áÖÜíÑçêï~êÇ=îáÉï=çå=“ëÉäÑáëÜÒI=Äìí=ä~Åâë=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí• mÉêÜ~éë=éêçÄäÉãë=ïáíÜ=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ëíóäÉ• lÑÑÉêë=~=ëìéÉêÑáÅá~ä=êÉëéçåëÉI=ä~ÅâáåÖ=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ
èìÉëíáçå
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• ^å~äóëÉë=íÜÉ=áëëìÉ=çÑ=Ç~åÖÉêçìë=ëéçêíëI=~ÇÇêÉëëáåÖ=áãé~Åí=çå=çíÜÉêë=~åÇ=çÑÑÉêë=îáÉïë
çå=“ëÉäÑáëÜÒ• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=ëÜçïáåÖ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=éìÄäáÅ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ• mêçîáÇÉë=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ÅçããÉåí=ïÜáÅÜ=êÉÑäÉÅíë=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• rëÉë=Å~êÉÑìääó=ÅÜçëÉå=~å~äóíáÅ~ä=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ• båÖ~ÖÉë=Ñìääó=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=í~ëâ=Äó=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=~å~äóëáë=çÑ=Ç~åÖÉêçìë=ëéçêíë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê
éçëëáÄäÉ=áãé~Åí=çå=é~êíáÅáé~åíë=~åÇ=çíÜÉêëK• `çãÉë=íç=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=ÅçåÅäìëáçå=çå=“ëÉäÑáëÜÒ• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=ëÜçïáåÖ=Åçåíêçä=çÑ=êÉÖáëíÉê=~åÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=åÉïëé~éÉê
êÉ~ÇÉêëÜáé
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N RN
RK
jçëí=éÉçéäÉ=Ü~îÉ=~=ëéçêí=çê=áåíÉêÉëí=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉó=Ñçääçï=áå=íÜÉáê=ëé~êÉ=íáãÉK=têáíÉ=~ÄçìíçåÉ=çÑ=óçìê=áåíÉêÉëíëI=ÖáîáåÖ=óçìê=êÉ~ëçåë=Ñçê=í~âáåÖ=áí=ìé=~åÇ=ÅçããÉåíáåÖ=çå=íÜÉÄÉåÉÑáíë=óçì=Ü~îÉ=Ö~áåÉÇ=Ñêçã=áíK
j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉqÜáë=áë=~=í~ëâ=êÉèìáêáåÖ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=íç=~å~äóëÉ=~åÇ=ÅçããÉåíI=ïáíÜ=åç=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=Ñçêã=çê~ìÇáÉåÅÉK=tÉ~âÉê=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïáää=íÉåÇ=íç=ÄÉ=å~êê~íáîÉX=ÄÉííÉê=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïáää=~ÇÇêÉëë=íÜÉÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëÉÅíáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçåK
`çåíÉåíëLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• fÇÉåíáÑáÉë=~=ëéçêí=çê=áåíÉêÉëí• j~âÉë=ìåÇÉîÉäçéÉÇI=ãçëíäó=Ñ~Åíì~ä=çê=å~êê~íáîÉ=ëí~íÉãÉåíë• mÉêÜ~éë=åÉÖäÉÅíë=íÜÉ=“ÄÉåÉÑáíëÒ=ëÉÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå• i~Åâë=~=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇLçê=áë=êÉéÉíáíáçìë=áå=~ééêç~ÅÜ• lÑÑÉêë=~=ëìéÉêÑáÅá~ä=êÉëéçåëÉI=ä~ÅâáåÖ=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ
èìÉëíáçå
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• dáîÉë=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ÅçããÉåíë=çå=íÜÉ=“êÉ~ëçåëÒ=~åÇ=“ÄÉåÉÑáíëÒ=ëÉÅíáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ• mêçîáÇÉë=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ÅçããÉåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=êÉÑäÉÅí=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• rëÉë=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=“êÉ~ëçåëÒ=~åÇ=íç=éêçîáÇÉ=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÅçããÉåí
çå=“ÄÉåÉÑáíëÒ• båÖ~ÖÉë=Ñìääó=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=êÉÑäÉÅíáåÖ=ïêáíÉêÛë=çîÉê~ää=éìêéçëÉ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NRO
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N RP
båÖäáëÜ=^=NOMP=Qe
pÉÅíáçå=^W=jçÇÉêå=mçÉíêó
NKfå=pìÅÜ=^=qáãÉ=^ë=qÜáëiççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=aìäÅÉ=Éí=aÉÅçêìã=bëí=~åÇ=qÜÉ=pÉåÇJçÑÑK
eçï=ÇçÉë=íÜÉ=éçÉíDë=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=ïçêÇë=áå=íÜÉëÉ=íïç=éçÉãë=ÅçåîÉó=íÜÉ=ëíêÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=ÜáëÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=~íãçëéÜÉêÉ=~åÇ=ÉîÉåíë=éçêíê~óÉÇ\
få=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉ=ÅäçëÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=~íãçëéÜÉêÉ=~åÇ=ÉîÉåíë• íÜÉ=ëíêÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖë• íÜÉ=éçÉíDë=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=ïçêÇëK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
aìäÅÉ=Éí=aÉÅçêìã=bëí qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNK ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=ÉñÜ~ìëíáçåI=Ñ~íáÖìÉ Ü~ÖëI=ÄÉÖÖ~êëI=íêìÇÖÉÇOK ÇêÉ~ãäáâÉ=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~êÅÜáåÖ=ãÉå ÇÉ~Ñ=ÉîÉå=íç=íÜÉ=ÜççíëPK áããÉÇá~Åó=çÑ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=ëçäÇáÉêëD=é~áå ÄäççÇëÜçÇQK é~åáÅ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ö~ë=~íí~Åâ ÉÅëí~ëó=çÑ=ÑìãÄäáåÖRK éçêíê~ó~ä=çÑ=ÑêáÉåÇëD=ÜÉäéäÉëëåÉëë=EÇêçïåáåÖ=áå
Ö~ëFÑäçìåÇÉêáåÖI=äáâÉ=~=ã~å=áåÑáêÉ=çê=äáãÉ
SK åáÖÜíã~êáëÜ=áã~ÖÉë ~ë=ìåÇÉê=~=ÖêÉÉå=ëÉ~I=fë~ï
TK Öê~éÜáÅ=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=ÇÉ~íÜ ï~íÅÜ=íÜÉ=ïÜáíÉ=ÉóÉëïêáíÜáåÖI=ÉíÅ
UK ÄáííÉêäó=áêçåáÅ=ëí~íÉãÉåí=~Äçìí=é~íêáçíáëã íÜÉ=çäÇ=äáÉqÜÉ=pÉåÇJçÑÑ qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉVK ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=åáÖÜíJíáãÉL~íãçëéÜÉêÉ ÅäçëÉI=Ç~êâÉåáåÖ=ä~åÉëNMK ~íãçëéÜÉêÉ=çÑ=ëÉÅêÉÅó=çÑ=ÇÉé~êíìêÉ ëáÇáåÖJëÜÉÇI=ëÉÅêÉíäóI=äáâÉ
ïêçåÖë=ÜìëÜÉÇ=ìéNNK ëçäÇáÉêëD=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉL=áã~ÖÉêó=çÑ=ÇÉ~íÜ ÄêÉ~ëíë=ïÉêÉ=ëíêìÅâÁ
ïÜáíÉ=ïáíÜ=ïêÉ~íÜëÁNOK ëçäÇáÉêëD=ÇÉëéÉê~íÉ=~ííÉãéíë=íç=ÄÉ=Äê~îÉ ë~åÖ=íÜÉáê=ï~óÁÖêáãäó
Ö~óNPK ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=~äãçëí=ÇÉëÉêíÉÇ=ëÅÉåÉ Çìää=éçêíÉêëÁ=Å~ëì~ä
íê~ãéë
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NRQ
NQK éÉçéäÉDë=ä~Åâ=çÑ=Å~êÉ ëíççÇ=ëí~êáåÖ=Ü~êÇNRK ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=ëáÖå~äë=~åÇ=ä~ãé=EïáíÜ
éÉêëçåáÑáÅ~íáçåFìåãçîÉÇI=ëáÖå~äëåçÇÇÉÇÁ=ä~ãé=ïáåâÉÇ
NSK ëÅÉåÉ=çÑ=ëã~ää=åìãÄÉêë=êÉíìêåáåÖ ^=ÑÉïI=íçç=ÑÉïEêÉéÉíáíáçåF
NTK ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=ëçäÇáÉêëD=Öìáäíó=ÑÉÉäáåÖë ÅêÉÉé=Ä~ÅâI=ëáäÉåíNUK ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉáê=~êêáîáåÖ=áå=~=ëíê~åÖÉ=éä~ÅÉ ré=Ü~äÑJâåçïå=êç~ÇëNVK åç=ÅÉäÉÄê~íáçå=íç=~ÅÅçãé~åó=íÜÉáê=êÉíìêå kç=ïáäÇ=íê~áåJäç~ÇëI=åç
ÖêÉ~í=ÄÉääë
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉ=EáêçåáÅLë~êÅ~ëíáÅLéÉëëáãáëíáÅFI=ãÉí~éÜçêëK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëIÄìí=ïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíDë=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖëK=qÜÉêÉáë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üáë=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉIÄìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üáëä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëéçÑ=íÜÉ=ëíêÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=~íãçëéÜÉêÉ=~åÇÉîÉåíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖI=~åÇ=ëÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉáå=~=ï~ó=ïÜáÅÜ=ã~âÉë=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=íç=áääìëíê~íÉ=lïÉåDëìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=íç=ëÜçï=Üáë=ÑÉÉäáåÖëK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëíêÉåÖíÜ=çÑíÜÉ=éçÉíDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=~íãçëéÜÉêÉ=~åÇ=ÉîÉåíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~êìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉëëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~äêÉëéçåëÉ=íç=lïÉåDë=ïêáíáåÖK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖçÑ=íÜÉ=ëíêÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=~íãçëéÜÉêÉ=~åÇÉîÉåíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìäáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíÛë=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
20-22 qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑíÜÉ=ëíêÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=~íãçëéÜÉêÉ=~åÇ=ÉîÉåíëKfÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇéÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉK=fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíÛë=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=Üçï=áíëÜçïë=Üáë=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N RR
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëíêÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíDëÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=~íãçëéÜÉêÉ=~åÇ=ÉîÉåíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íçéêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~äêÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíÛë=ä~åÖì~ÖÉI=~åÇ=Üçï=áí=ëÜçïëÜáë=ÑÉÉäáåÖëI=êÉîÉ~ä=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NRS
OK
få=pìÅÜ=^=qáãÉ=^ë=qÜáëiççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=bäÉÅíêáÅáíó=ÅçãÉë=íç=`çÅç~=_çííçã=~åÇ=lkb=çíÜÉê=éçÉã=Ñêçã=få=pìÅÜ=~qáãÉ=~ë=qÜáë=ïÜáÅÜ=Ü~ë=~=ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=Çê~ã~=~åÇ=ÉñÅáíÉãÉåíK=eçï=ÇçÉë=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=áå=É~ÅÜéçÉã=ÅçåîÉó=ëíêçåÖäó=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=ÉîÉåíë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ\
få=óçìê=~åëïÉê=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ã~âÉ=ÅäçëÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=Çê~ã~=~åÇ=ÉñÅáíÉãÉåí• íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=áå=ÅêÉ~íáåÖ=ëíêçåÖ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë
bäÉÅíêáÅáíó qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNK ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=~ää=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=ï~áíáåÖ Å~ãéÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=Öê~ëëOK ÇÉí~áäë=çÑ=íÜÉ=çáä=ä~ãéë ä~ãéë=ÑáääÉÇ=ïáíÜ=çáäPK íÜÉ=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=ï~áíáåÖ=Ñçê=~åÇ=ï~íÅÜáåÖ=ëìåëÉí ï~áíáåÖÁï~íÅÜáåÖÁ
íìêå=óÉääçïI=çê~åÖÉQK ÉîÉå=dê~ååáÉ=m~ííÉêëçå=áë=äççâáåÖ=çìí=íÜêçìÖÜ
ÇççêéÉÉéÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=Åê~ÅâEåçí=ï~åíáåÖ=íç=ÄÉ=ëÉÉåF
RK jê=p~ãìÉäDë=éêáÇÉ=~í=íÜÉ=äáÖÜíë jê=p~ãìÉä=ëãáäáåÖSK ~ã~òÉãÉåí=~í=íÜÉ=ëáÖÜí ~êáëáåÖ=ëìÅÜ=~=Ö~ëéTK íÜÉ=ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=~ïÉ=~åÇ=ïçåÇÉê iáÖÜí>=j~êîÉääçìë=äáÖÜí>UK qÜÉ=~åíáJÅäáã~ÅíáÅ=ÉåÇáåÖ äáí=íÜÉáê=ä~ãéë=Ñçê=íÜÉ
Ç~êâ=àçìêåÉóI=íÜÉ=ãçãÉåí=Ü~Ç=é~ëëÉÇ
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=íçåÉI=ãÉí~éÜçêëI=ÉñÅä~ã~íáçåëI=ïçêÇë=ëÜçïáåÖ=äáÖÜíI=ãçîÉãÉåíIÅçäçìêK
k_=cçê=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=éçÉãI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÅÜççëÉ=~åó=lkb=éçÉã=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ëÉÅíáçå=Dfå=pìÅÜ~=qáãÉ=~ë=qÜáëDK=oÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íáÅâÉÇ=Ñçê=Çê~ã~LÉñÅáíÉãÉåí=~åÇ=Ñçêä~åÖì~ÖÉK=cçê=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=Éñ~ãéäÉI=ã~êâ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=äÉííÉêW=ab=ÑçêÇê~ã~LÉñÅáíÉãÉåí=~åÇ=i=Ñçê=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êÖê~ÇÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=Öê~ÇÉ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉK=qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉçîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK=táíÜáå=íÜÉ=Ä~åÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉI=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~ãáåçêáíó=çÑ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=éÉêí~áåáåÖ=íç=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉë=ïáää=ÜÉäé=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉíÜÉ=éêÉÅáëÉ=ã~êâ=íç=ÄÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N RT
j~êâ=o~åÖÉ aÉëÅêáéíçê=MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ
éçÉãëI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑä~åÖì~ÖÉK
=OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÉîÉåíëLÑÉÉäáåÖëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉçê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çêïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
=RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=çÑÇê~ã~=~åÇ=ÉñÅáíÉãÉåíK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
=UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=çÑ=Çê~ã~=~åÇ=ÉñÅáíÉãÉåíÅçåí~áåÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
=NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=çÑ=Çê~ã~=~åÇ=ÉñÅáíÉãÉåíÅçåí~áåÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=éçÉíë=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíI=~åÇ=ëÉîÉê~äÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=çå=íÜáëK
=NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉáãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=çÑ=Çê~ã~=~åÇ=ÉñÅáíÉãÉåíÅçåí~áåÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑíÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~äêÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ïêáíáåÖK
=NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=çÑ=Çê~ã~=~åÇ=ÉñÅáíÉãÉåíÅçåí~áåÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
=OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=çÑ=Çê~ã~=~åÇ=ÉñÅáíÉãÉåíÅçåí~áåÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉKfåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçïáåëáÖÜíK
=OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçåÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=çÑ=Çê~ã~=~åÇ=ÉñÅáíÉãÉåí=Åçåí~áåÉÇ=áå=íÜÉéçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜÅä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåçÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉéÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NRU
PK
fÇÉåíáíóiççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=jáê~ÅäÉ=çå=pí=a~îáÇDë=a~ó=~åÇ=~í=läÇ=j~åI=läÇ=j~åK=eçï=Çç=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêëëÜçï=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåí=~åÇ=íÜÉ=é~ëí=äáîÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=íïç=çäÇ=ãÉå\
få=óçìê=~åëïÉêI=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ã~âÉ=ÅäçëÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑ• íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåí=~åÇ=é~ëí=äáîÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=çäÇ=ãÉå• íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉã• íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=ïçêÇëK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
jáê~ÅäÉ=çå=pí=a~îáÇDë=a~ómêÉëÉåí=äáÑÉ
qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ
NK åÉÉÇë=íç=ÄÉ=ÖìáÇÉÇ=íç=Üáë=ÅÜ~áê íÉåÇÉêäó=äÉÇÁ=ÅÜ~áêOK ÅçãéäÉíÉäó=ëáäÉåí=Eìëì~ääóF ÜÉ=Ü~ë=åÉîÉê=ëéçâÉåPK äáëíÉåë=íç=éçÉãëI=êçÅâáåÖ=Eáå=~=ïçêäÇ=çÑ=Üáë
çïåFÜÉ=êçÅâë=ÖÉåíäó=íç=íÜÉêÜóíÜãë
QK ëíáää=êÉëÉãÄäÉë=~=ëíêçåÖ=ä~ÄçìêÉê=éÜóëáÅ~ääó ä~ÄçìêÉêDë=Ü~åÇë=çå=ÜáëâåÉÉë
RK ëÜçïë=ÜÉ=Å~å=ëíáää=êÉÅáíÉ=éçÉãë íÜÉ=ä~ÄçìêÉêDë=îçáÅÉêÉÅáíÉë
m~ëí=iáÑÉSK ï~ë=~=ä~ÄçìêÉê ÄáÖÁä~ÄçìêáåÖ=ã~åTK ï~ë=~í=ëÅÜççä=Ñçêíó=óÉ~êë=~Öç áå=~=s~ääÉóë=ëÅÜççäUK äÉ~êåí=íç=êÉÅáíÉ=éçÉíêó=Äó=êçíÉ íÜÉ=Åä~ëë=êÉÅáíÉÇVK äáâÉÇ=íç=ëéÉ~âLÑÉäí=ÜÉ=Ü~Ç=ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=íç=ë~ó çåÅÉ=ÜÉ=Ü~Ç=ëçãÉíÜáåÖläÇ=j~åI=läÇ=j~åmêÉëÉåí=äáÑÉNMK Üáë=ïçêäÇ=áë=çåÉ=çÑ=çÄàÉÅíë ïçêäÇ=çÑ=ëã~ääÁ=íÜáåÖëNNK áë=äçëáåÖ=Üáë=ëáÖÜí ïÜÉå=ÜÉ=ë~ï=ÄÉííÉêNOK ÑçêÖÉíÑìäI=ÅçåÑìëÉÇ DfDîÉ=äçëí=íÜÉ=Ü~ããÉêDK
tÜÉêÉ=áë=aêìêó=i~åÉ\NPK Ü~ë=íç=Çç=~ää=àçÄë=ÜáãëÉäÑ ëÉäÑJÇÉãçíÉÇÁ=íç
ï~ëÜáåÖ=ìéNQK ìåáåíÉêÉëíÉÇL~é~íÜÉíáÅ íÉäÉîáëáçå=Ü~ë=åç=éçïÉêÁ
ëìêäáåÉëëNRK ÇáëÅçååÉÅíÉÇ=Ñêçã=Ñ~ãáäó éáÅíìêÉë=çÑ=ÇáëáåÜÉêáíÉÇ
ÅÜáäÇêÉåNSK Üáë=ìåáîÉêëÉ=Ü~ë=ëÜêìåâ Åçåíê~ÅíÉÇ=ïçêäÇ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N RV
NTK ÜÉäéäÉëë=EïÜáÅÜ=ÜÉ=Ü~íÉëF óçìê=ÜÉäéäÉëëåÉëëNUK åçí=Ñìää=Åçåíêçä=çÑ=Ü~åÇë Üáë=Ü~åÇë=ëÜ~ãÄäÉm~ëí=äáÑÉNVK ï~ë=~å=ÉñéÉêí=~í=afv ïçêäÇ=~ìíÜçêáíóÁ
ÅçååçáëëÉìêÁÇ~ÄÜ~åÇÁ
OMK ï~ë=îÉêó=ëÉäÑJêÉäá~åí ~=ã~å=ïÜç=ÇáÇ=áí=ÜáãëÉäÑONK ÇáÇ=åçí=ÖÉí=çå=ïÉää=ïáíÜ=Üáë=Ç~ìÖÜíÉêë åçí=ÖççÇ=ïáíÜ=Ç~ìÖÜíÉêëOOK Öçí=Åêçëë=ïáíÜLÇáÇ=åçí=äáâÉ=íÉäÉîáëáçå ëìêäáåÉëëÁ=EïáíÜ
íÉäÉîáëáçåF
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉI=áã~ÖÉêóK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëIÄìí=ïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=çäÇ=ãÉåDë=äáîÉëKqÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíKmçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=çäÇ=ãÉåDë=éêÉëÉåí=~åÇ=é~ëí=äáîÉëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëéçÑ=íÜÉ=Åçåíê~ëí=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=çäÇ=ãÉåDë=éêÉëÉåí=~åÇ=é~ëí=äáîÉëK=qÜÉêÉ=áëÑ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~êéçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉK
14-16 qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=Åçåíê~ëíÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=çäÇ=ãÉåDë=éêÉëÉåí=~åÇ=é~ëí=äáîÉëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~êìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉëëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ïêáíáåÖK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖçÑ=íÜÉ=Åçåíê~ëí=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=çäÇ=ãÉåDë=éêÉëÉåí=~åÇ=é~ëí=äáîÉëK=qÜÉêÉ=áëÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑíÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑíÜÉ=Åçåíê~ëí=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=çäÇ=ãÉåDë=éêÉëÉåí=~åÇ=é~ëí=äáîÉëK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉéêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~äêÉëéçåëÉK=fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçïáåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NSM
23-25 qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑíÜÉ=Åçåíê~ëí=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=çäÇ=ãÉåDë=éêÉëÉåí=~åÇ=é~ëí=äáîÉëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉéÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíëÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N SN
QK
fÇÉåíáíóiççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=píáää=f=oáëÉ=~åÇ=lkb=çíÜÉê=éçÉã=Ñêçã=fÇÉåíáíóK=få=ïÜ~í=ï~óë=Çç=íÜÉ=éçÉíëêÉîÉ~ä=~å=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=îáÉïéçáåí\
få=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉ=ÅäçëÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=ï~óë=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=áë=ÉñéäçêÉÇ• íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=áå=ÅçåîÉóáåÖ=íÜáë=~ííáíìÇÉK
píáää=f=oáëÉ qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉN ~ÄäÉ=íç=êáëÉ=~ÄçîÉLíê~åëÅÉåÇ=çééêÉëëáîÉ
ÜáëíçêóíêçÇ=ãÉÁ=ëíáääÁ=fDää=êáëÉ
O ÑêÉÉÇçã=çÑ=ãçîÉãÉåí f=ï~äâ=äáâÉÁ=éìãéáåÖPK ÑáåÇë=ÜçéÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ëÉ~ëçå~ä=ÅóÅäÉ äáâÉ=ãççåëÁ=ÅÉêí~áåíó=çÑ
íáÇÉëQK êÉÑìëÉë=íç=~ÅÅÉéí=~=DîáÅíáãD=êçäÉ ÄêçâÉåL_çïÉÇ=ÜÉ~ÇRK áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=ëéáêáí ä~ìÖÜ=äáâÉ=fDîÉ=Öçí=ÖçäÇÁSK ÇÉÑá~åíLáãéÉêîáçìë=íç=Üçëíáäáíó ëÜççí=ãÉ=ïáíÜ=óçìê
ïçêÇëÁ=Åìí=ãÉÁ=âáääTK ~ÄäÉ=íç=ÉñéêÉëë=ÜÉêëÉäÑ=áå=ìåáåÜáÄáíÉÇ
ãçîÉãÉåí ëÉñáåÉëëIÇ~åÅÉ=äáâÉ=Á=Çá~ãçåÇë
UK Å~å=íêáìãéÜ=çîÉê=~=é~ëí=çÑ=ëä~îÉêó Ää~Åâ=çÅÉ~åÁ=ïÉääáåÖ=~åÇëïÉääáåÖ
VK ãçîÉãÉåí=Ñêçã=åáÖÜí=íç=Ç~ó äÉ~îáåÖ=ÄÉÜáåÇ=åáÖÜíë=çÑíÉêêçê=~åÇ=ÑÉ~ê=Ç~óÄêÉ~âïçåÇêçìëäó=ÅäÉ~ê
NMK ÜÉê=Üáëíçêó=Ü~ë=ÖáîÉå=ÜÉê=~=ëéáêáí=çÑ=ÜçéÉ ÇêÉ~ã=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÜçéÉ
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉI=áã~ÖÉêóI=Çá~äÉÅíI=êÉéÉíáíáçåI=êÜÉíçêáÅ~äèìÉëíáçåëK
k_=cçê=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=éçÉãI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÅÜççëÉ=~åó=lkb=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ëÉÅíáçå=Dfå=pìÅÜ=~qáãÉ=~ë=qÜáëDK=oÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íáÅâÉÇ=Ñçê=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=îáÉïéçáåí=~åÇ=Ñçêä~åÖì~ÖÉK=cçê=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=Éñ~ãéäÉI=ã~êâ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=äÉííÉêW=f=Ñçê=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåíîáÉïéçáåíI=~åÇ=i=Ñçê=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êÖê~ÇÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=Öê~ÇÉ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉK=qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉçîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK=táíÜáå=íÜÉ=Ä~åÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉI=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NSO
ãáåçêáíó=çÑ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=éÉêí~áåáåÖ=íç=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉë=ïáää=ÜÉäé=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉíÜÉ=éêÉÅáëÉ=ã~êâ=íç=ÄÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
=MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëIÄìí=ïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
=OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=îáÉïë=çÑáåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíëÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
=RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑáåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
=UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
=NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇÖê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖçÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=éçÉíë=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíI=~åÇ=ëÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~êéçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=çå=íÜáëK
=NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçåÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~êìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉëëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ïêáíáåÖK
=NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~êçêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
=OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖçÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉKfåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑíÜÉ=ÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçïÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N SP
RK
k~íìêÉiççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=táåÇ=~åÇ=^q=ib^pq=lkb=çíÜÉê=éçÉã=Ñêçã=k~íìêÉI=íç=ëÜçï=Üçï=íÜÉïçêÇë=ìëÉÇ=ÅêÉ~íÉ=éçïÉêÑìä=áã~ÖÉêó=áåîçäîáåÖ=ëáÖÜíI=ëçìåÇ=çê=ãçîÉãÉåíK
få=óçìê=~åëïÉêI=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ã~âÉ=ÅäçëÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=áã~ÖÉêó=áåîçäîáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëÉåëÉë• ~éí=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=k~íìêÉ• íÜÉ=ï~ó=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ÅêÉ~íÉë=áã~ÖÉëK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
táåÇpáÖÜí=áã~ÖÉêóNK lìí=~í=ëÉ~=~ää=åáÖÜí=EãÉí~éÜçêFÁ=íÜêçìÖÜ=Ç~êâåÉëëOK cäçìåÇÉêáåÖ=Ää~Åâ=~ëíêáÇÉÁPK råÇÉê=~å=çê~åÖÉ=ëâó=íÜÉ=Üáääë=Ü~Ç=åÉï=éä~ÅÉë=EãÉí~éÜçêFQK _ä~ÇÉJäáÖÜí=EãÉí~éÜçêFI=äìãáåçìë=Ää~Åâ=~åÇ=ÉãÉê~äÇRK cäÉñáåÖ=äáâÉ=íÜÉ=äÉåë=çÑ=~=ã~Ç=ÉóÉ=EÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=ëáãáäÉFSK pâóäáåÉ=~=Öêáã~ÅÉ=EãÉí~éÜçêFpçìåÇ=áã~ÖÉêóTK tççÇë=Åê~ëÜáåÖ=Eçåçã~íçéçÉá~FUK _ççãáåÖ=Üáääë=Eçåçã~íçéçÉá~FVK qÜÉ=íÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=Üáääë=ÇêìããÉÇ=EãÉí~éÜçê=H=çåçã~íçéçÉá~FNMK qç=Ä~åÖ=~åÇ=î~åáëÜNNK eçìëÉ=ê~åÖ=äáâÉ=ëçãÉ=ÑáåÉ=ÖêÉÉå=ÖçÄäÉí=EëáãáäÉFNOK qÜÉ=ëíçåÉë=Åêó=çìí=EéÉêëçåáÑáÅ~íáçåFjçîÉãÉåí=áã~ÖÉêóNPK táåÇë=ëí~ãéÉÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÑáÉäÇë=EãÉí~éÜçêFNQK táåÇ=ÇÉåíÉÇ=íÜÉ=Ä~ääë=çÑ=ãó=ÉóÉëNRK qÜÉ=íÉåíÁ=ëíê~áåÉÇ=áíë=ÖìóêçéÉNSK cáÉäÇë=èìáîÉêáåÖNTK qÜÉ=ïáåÇ=ÑäìåÖ=~=ã~ÖéáÉ=~ï~óNUK ^=Ää~ÅâJÄ~Åâ=Öìää=ÄÉåí=äáâÉ=~å=áêçå=Ä~ê=ëäçïäó=E~ääáíÉê~íáçåI=~ëëçå~åÅÉI
ëáãáäÉFNVK cÉÉä=íÜÉ=êççíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉ=ãçîÉ=EãÉí~éÜçêFOMK qÜÉ=ïáåÇ=íêÉãÄäÉ=íç=ÅçãÉ=áå
k_=cçê=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=éçÉãI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÅÜççëÉ=~åó=lkb=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ëÉÅíáçå=Dk~íìêÉDKoÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=çå=ëáÖÜíI=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåí=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íáÅâÉÇK=lå=É~ÅÜ=éçÉãI=ã~êâ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NSQ
íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=Éñ~ãéäÉ=çÑ=É~ÅÜ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=äÉííÉêëW=pf=Ñçê=ëáÖÜíI=pl=Ñçê=ëçìåÇë=~åÇ=jÑçê=ãçîÉãÉåíK
k_• `~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=klq=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=DÑÉ~íìêÉJëéçíD=ÇÉîáÅÉëI=ìëáåÖ=íÉÅÜåáÅ~ä
ä~ÄÉäë=ïáíÜçìí=Éñéä~å~íáçåK=qÜÉó=~êÉ=~ëâÉÇ=íç=ë~ó=elt=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ïçêÇëÅêÉ~íÉë=áã~ÖÉêó=çÑ=ëáÖÜíI=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåíK
• ^äíÜçìÖÜ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=äáëíÉÇ=ìåÇÉê=çåÉ=ÜÉ~ÇáåÖI=ëçãÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=Åçåí~áåëãçêÉ=íÜ~å=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÜêÉÉ=ÉäÉãÉåíë=EëçìåÇI=ëáÖÜíI=ãçîÉãÉåíFI=ëç=ã~ó=ÄÉ~ÅÅÉéíÉÇ=áå=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=çåÉ=éä~ÅÉK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëIÄìí=ïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=áã~ÖÉêó=áåîçäîáåÖ=íÜÉëÉåëÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=áã~ÖÉêó=áåîçäîáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëÉåëÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉáë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇéçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëéçÑ=íÜÉ=áã~ÖÉêó=áåîçäîáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëÉåëÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áêìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë~êÉ=ã~ÇÉK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=áã~ÖÉêó=áåîçäîáåÖíÜÉ=ëÉåëÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉéçÉíëD=ïêáíáåÖK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖçÑ=áã~ÖÉêó=áåîçäîáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëÉåëÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~êçêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑáã~ÖÉêó=áåîçäîáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëÉåëÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉKfåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑáã~ÖÉêó=áåîçäîáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëÉåëÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íçéêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~äêÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçïÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N SR
SK
k~íìêÉiççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=qêçìí=~åÇ=qÜÉ=pí~ÖK=få=ïÜ~í=ï~óë=ÇçÉë=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêëÛ=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=ïçêÇë=ÅêÉ~íÉéçïÉêÑìä=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉê=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=å~íìê~ä=ëÅÉåÉë=ÇÉéáÅíÉÇ\
få=óçìê=~åëïÉê=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ã~âÉ=ÅäçëÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=å~íìê~ä=ëÅÉåÉë• íÜÉ=ëíêçåÖ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~êçìëÉÇ• íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=áå=ÅêÉ~íáåÖ=íÜÉëÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
qêçìí qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉpíêáâáåÖ=ÅäçëÉ=ÇÉí~áäë=çÑ=íÜÉ=íêçìíDë=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉWNK ÜÉ~îóI=ëçäáÇ Ñ~í=ÖìåJÄ~êêÉäOK ëãççíÜ=ëâáå ëãççíÜJëâáååÉÇ=~ë=éäìãëPK Åçäçìê ïÜáíÉ=ÄÉääóqÜÉ=ÅçåÅÉåíê~íáçå=çå=íÜÉ=íêçìíDë=~Åíáçåë=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=ï~íÉêWQK ~Çãáê~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=É~ëÉ=çÑ=ãçîÉãÉåí ëäáéë=äáâÉ=ÄìííÉêRK ëâáääÉÇ=Å~íÅÜáåÖ=çÑ=éêÉó ÄìääDë=ÉóÉX=éáÅâë=çÑÑSK äáâÉ=ÇÉ~Çäó=ïÉ~éçå íçêéÉÇçÉÇI=ÑáêÉÇI=íê~ÅÉêJÄìääÉíI
îçääÉóTK íáêÉäÉëëI=ìåëíçéé~ÄäÉ åÉîÉê=Äìêåí=çìíUK êìíÜäÉëë=å~íìêÉLÅäáåáÅ~ä=âáääáåÖ ÅçäÇ=ÄäççÇqÜÉ=pí~Ö^Çãáê~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëí~ÖDë=ã~àÉëíó=áå=áíë=ëÉííáåÖWVK ÅçäÇI=ïÉí=~ìíìãå=ëÅÉåÉ ê~áåÁ=kçîÉãÄÉê=ïççÇä~åÇÁ=çÑ
bñãççêNMK ëÉÉë=ëí~Ö=~ë=çïåÉê=çÑ=íÉêêáíçêó ê~å=íÜêçìÖÜ=Üáë=éêáî~íÉ=ÑçêÉëíNNK ~ÇãáêÉë=Üáë=ÑêÉÉÇçã=çÑ=ãçîÉãÉåí äçéÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜ=Üáë=Ñ~îçìêáíÉ
î~ääÉóNOK Åçåíê~ëíë=Üáë=áëçä~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ
ÅêçïÇëLåçáëÉíê~ÑÑáÅ=à~ãI=é~êâÉÇ=Å~êëI=ãÉåIÜçìåÇëI=ÉíÅ
NPK ïçåÇÉêë=Üçï=ÜÉ=ïáää=ÅçéÉ=ïÜÉå=çìí=çÑÜáë=ÜçãÉ=íÉêêáíçêó
ÇêçééÉÇ=áå=íç=ëíê~åÖÉ=Åçìåíêó
NQK Åçåíê~ëíë=íÜÉ=ëí~ÖDë=ãçîÉãÉåí=ïáíÜíÜ~í=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜçìåÇë=EêÉäÉåíäÉëëI=ÇçÖÖÉÇIìåëíçéé~ÄäÉF
íÜÉ=ÜçìåÇJé~Åâ=ëã~ëÜÉÇ=íÜÉìåÇÉêÖêçïíÜ
NRK ìå~ÄäÉ=íç=ãçîÉ=~ë=ÜÉ=ïçìäÇ=äáâÉ äáãÄë=~ää=ÅêáÉÇ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåíÇáêÉÅíáçåë=íç=Üáë=äìåÖë
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NSS
NSK ëóãé~íÜó=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÅçêåÉêÉÇI=ÉñÜ~ìëíÉÇÅêÉ~íìêÉ
çåäó=ï~åíÉÇ=íç=êÉëí
NTK çÄëÉêîÉë=ïáíÜ=Üçêêçê=Üáë=ãçìåíáåÖÇÉëéÉê~íáçå
ïÉÉéáåÖ=~åÇ=äççâáåÖ=Ñçê=ÜçãÉ
NUK ëÉÉë=Üáã=íê~ééÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ìåÑ~ãáäá~êïççÇë
ëíê~åÖÉ=íêÉÉëÁ=Äê~ãÄäÉë=ä~ëÜÉÇ
NVK ëï~ãéÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=ÜçìåÇë äçääJíçåÖìÉÇ=ÜçìåÇëÁ=ÑäáåÖ=~ääçîÉê=Üáã
OMK çÄëÉêîÉë=Üáë=ÄçÇóDë=Ñ~áäìêÉ=~í=íÜÉ=âáää~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÅêçïÇÛë=Å~ääçìë=êÉ~Åíáçå
ÜÉ~êí=ÄÉÅ~ãÉ=àìëí=~=ÅäìÄÁ=íÜÉÅêçïÇÁÇáë~ééÉ~êÉÇ
lå=E=i=FI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=å~íìêÉ=~åÇ=ëíêÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=áã~ÖÉëI=~Äáäáíó=íç=é~áåí=îáîáÇ=ïçêÇJéáÅíìêÉëIïçêÇë=ÅçåîÉóáåÖ=áåíÉåëáíó=çÑ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=å~íìê~ä=ëÅÉåÉë=ÇÉéáÅíÉÇI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíIíçåÉK=cÉ~íìêÉ=ëéçííáåÖ=áë=åçí=ÉåçìÖÜ=íç=Ö~áå=ÜáÖÜ=ã~êâëW=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïáääÉñéä~áå=íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜçëÉå=Éñ~ãéäÉëK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êÖê~ÇÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=Öê~ÇÉ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉK=qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉçîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK=xtáíÜáå=íÜÉ=Ä~åÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉI=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~ãáåçêáíó=çÑ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=éÉêí~áåáåÖ=íç=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉë=ïáää=ÜÉäé=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉíÜÉ=éêÉÅáëÉ=ã~êâ=íç=ÄÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇKz
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëIÄìí=ïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëíêÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=å~íìê~ä=ëÅÉåÉë=ÇÉéáÅíÉÇK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=ÄìíïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=å~íìê~ä=ëÅÉåÉë=ÇÉéáÅíÉÇKqÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíKpçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëéçÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=å~íìê~ä=ëÅÉåÉë=ÇÉéáÅíÉÇK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áêìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=éçÉíë=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíI=~åÇëÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=çå=íÜáëK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçåÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=å~íìê~ä=ëÅÉåÉë=ÇÉéáÅíÉÇKqÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíKqÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãI=ëÜçïáåÖÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ïêáíáåÖK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N ST
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖçÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=å~íìê~ä=ëÅÉåÉë=ÇÉéáÅíÉÇKqÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìäáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑíÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=å~íìê~ä=ëÅÉåÉë=ÇÉéáÅíÉÇK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉéêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~äêÉëéçåëÉK=fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçïáåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑíÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=å~íìê~ä=ëÅÉåÉë=ÇÉéáÅíÉÇK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóKqÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇáíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NSU
pÉÅíáçå=_W=kçåJÑáÅíáçå
TK
iççâ=~Ö~áå=áå=íÜÉ=bÇÉñÅÉä=^åíÜçäçÖó=~í=pí~åäÉó=píÉï~êíDë=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=~=jçåÖçäá~åïÉÇÇáåÖ=EÑêçã=få=íÜÉ=bãéáêÉ=çÑ=dÉåÖáë=hÜ~åFK
eçï=ÇçÉë=píÉï~êí=ìëÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=áå=~å=ÉåíÉêí~áåáåÖ=ï~ó=íç=ÅçåîÉó=íÜÉ=ëíê~åÖÉåÉëë=çÑ=ÜáëÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ\
dáîÉ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñí=íç=ëìééçêí=óçìê=îáÉïëK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñí• Éî~äì~íÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=äáåÖìáëíáÅI=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇ=éêÉëÉåí~íáçå~ä=ÇÉîáÅÉëX• ÇÉîáÅÉë• ëÉäÉÅí=ã~íÉêá~ä=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=íç=éìêéçëÉK
^=êÉäÉî~åí=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ÑçÅìë=çåW• íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêÛë=áåíÉåí=íç=ÉåÖ~ÖÉ=~åÇ=ÉåíÉêí~áå=íÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉê• íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=~åÇ=áãéêÉëëáçåë=ÅçåîÉóÉÇ=Äó=é~êíáÅìä~ê=~ëéÉÅíë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=Éñéä~áåáåÖ
~åÇ• àìëíáÑóáåÖ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=íç=ëìÄëí~åíá~íÉ=éçáåíë=ã~ÇÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=ëÜçï=~=ëçìåÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÉñí=~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉèìÉëíáçåK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=éçáåíë=~åÇ=êÉäÉî~åí=ÅçããÉåíëK
`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=ÑêÉÉ=íç=ëÉäÉÅí=~åÇ=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÉñíì~ä=ÇÉí~áäë=áå=~=î~êáÉíó=çÑ=ï~óëK=qÜÉÑçääçïáåÖ=ëÉÅíáçå=áääìëíê~íÉë=ëçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçëëáÄäÉ=éçáåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ã~âÉ=ÄìíÉñ~ãáåÉêë=ëÜçìäÇ=Éî~äì~íÉ=çíÜÉê=êÉëéçåëÉë=çå=íÜÉáê=ãÉêáíëK=fí=áë=áãéçêí~åí=íç=ÄÉ=~äÉêííç=ìåìëì~ä=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉ=ïÉää=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=~åÇ=ëìÄëí~åíá~íÉÇ=Äó=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉìëÉ=çÑ=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉK
iÉñáë• ãáñíìêÉ=çÑ=Ñçêã~ä=~åÇ=áåÑçêã~ä=ïçêÇë==ÉKÖK=?Å~ã~ê~ÇÉêáÉ?==~åÇ=?íÜìãéáåÖ?=Eé~ê~
OOF• ïçêÇë=~åÇ=éÜê~ëÉë=åçí=ìëì~ääó=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ïÉÇÇáåÖë=ÉKÖK=ãáäáí~êó=áã~ÖÉêó=J=íÜÉ
ÄêáÇÉ=~åÇ=Öêççã=~êÉ=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ=~ë=ÅçãáåÖ=Ñêçã=êáî~ä=?Å~ãéEëF?=íÜ~í=êÉèìáêÉ?äççâçìíë?=Eé~ê~=QFX=íÜÉáê=Ñ~ãáäáÉë=~êÉ=?äáâÉ=çééçëáåÖ=~êãáÉë?=Fé~ê~=UFX=~äëç=çíÜÉêé~ê~ÇçñáÅ~ä=éÜê~ëáåÖ=ÉKÖK==?jçåÖçäá~å=ïÉÇÇáåÖë=ëìÑÑÉê=Ñêçã=~å=ÉñÅÉëë=çÑÜçëéáí~äáíó?=Eé~ê~=NMF
• ìëÉ=çÑ=jçåÖçäá~å=ïçêÇë=íç=ÖáîÉ=~=ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ìåáèìÉ=ÅçåíÉñí=~åÇ=éä~ÅÉ=ÉKÖK=?ÖÉê?Eé~ê~=OFI=?~êâÜá?=Eé~ê~=RF
• ìëÉ=çÑ=Öêçìéë=çÑ=ïçêÇ=Eìëì~ääó=åçìåëF=ëçãÉíáãÉë=ïáíÜ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=Ñçêã~äÅçååçí~íáçåë=Ó=ÉKÖK=çÑ=ïÉÇÇáåÖ=é~êíáÉë=ÉKÖK=?ïÉÇÇáåÖ=ÄêÉ~âÑ~ëí?=Eé~ê~=RFI?êÉÅÉéíáçå?=Eé~ê~=OOFI=ëçãÉíáãÉë=ïáíÜ=Üìãçêçìë=çîÉêíçåÉë=J=ÉKÖK=ïçêÇë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇïáíÜ=ÑççÇ=~åÇ=Çêáåâ=ÉKÖK=?ÉñÅÉëë=çÑ=Üçëéáí~äáíó?I=?Ääçïçìí?=?ä~êÖÉëëÉ?=Eé~ê~=NMF=J
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N SV
~åÇ=çÑíÉå=ïáíÜ=ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉ=áåÅçåÖêìáíóX==ÉKÖK=íÜÉ=ïáÇÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ïçêÇë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜÑáÖÜíáåÖI=?Äê~ïä?=Eé~ê~=NUFI=?ä~áÇ=áåíçKKKKÑäççêÉÇKKKÑÉääáåÖ?=Eé~ê~=NVFI=?ï~êÑ~êÉ?=Eé~ê~ONFI=?éìåÅÜJìé?I=?íÜìãéáåÖ?=Eé~ê~=OOF
• ÇÉëÅêáéíáîÉ=~ÇàÉÅíáîÉëI=çÑíÉå=Éñ~ÖÖÉê~íáåÖ=ëáòÉ=ÉKÖK=?~=ãçìåí~áåçìë=éä~íÉKKKKKíÜÉÑ~îçìêÉÇ=ÅìíI=íÜÉ=ÖêÉ~í=Ñ~ííó=í~áäKK?=Eé~ê~=PF
• ÖáîáåÖ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêë=áÇÉåíáíó=Äó=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=åáÅâå~ãÉë=ÉKÖK==íÜÉ=ÖêççãDë=ÄêçíÜÉêÄÉÅçãÉë=iÉåáå=Eé~ê~=NQFI=íÜÉ=ÄêáÇÉDë=ÄêçíÜÉêI=tó~íí=b~êé=Eé~ê~=NMF
péÉÉÅÜ• ÇáêÉÅí=ëéÉÉÅÜ=áë=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÅçåîÉó=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉê=Ñçê=ÅçãáÅ=ÇÉí~áä=ÉKÖK=?e~îÉ=óçì=~
ïáÑÉ\KKKKKKKtÉDää=ëçêí=ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=çìí=áå=íÜÉ=ãçêåáåÖ?=~åÇ=íç=ÉãéÜ~ëáëÉ=íê~áíë=?tÉ=ïáääÇêáåâ>=tÉ=ïáää=ÑÉ~ëí>=tÉ=ïáää=ëáåÖ>?
• áåÇáêÉÅí=ëéÉÉÅÜ=áë=çÅÅ~ëáçå~ääó=ìëÉÇ=Ñçê=ëáãáä~ê=êÉ~ëçåë=ÉKÖK=íÜÉ=ÅçãáÅ=Åçåíê~ëí=áå=“pÜÉéÉêÑçêãÉÇ=~Çãáê~ÄäóI=éêçÇìÅáåÖ=~=ëíçêó=~Äçìí=~=Äçó=äççâáåÖ=Ñçê=Üáë=Ñ~îçìêáíÉÜçêëÉK?=Eé~ê~=NOF
• píÉï~êíDë=çïå=íÜçìÖÜíë=éêçîáÇÉ=~å=çÑíÉå=ïêó=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáîÉ=ÅçããÉåí~êó=ÉKÖK=íÜÉÑáå~ä=é~ê~Öê~éÜ
jÉí~éÜçêáÅ~ä=i~åÖì~ÖÉ• áåÅçåÖêìçìë=áã~ÖÉêóI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ãÉí~éÜçê==ÉKÖK=çÑ=ï~êÑ~êÉ=~åÇ=ÑáÖÜíáåÖ=EéêÉîáçìëäó
åçíÉÇF• çÑ=êÉäáÖáçìë=ÅçåÑÉëëáçå=ÉKÖK=?ìåÄìêÇÉåáåÖ=íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=ïáíÜ=éêÉJÉãéíáîÉ=ÅçåÑÉëëáçåë?
Eé~ê~=NF=~åÇ=ëáãáäÉ=ÉKÖK=íÜÉ=?Ñ~îçìêÉÇ=Åìí?=çÑ=ä~ãÄ=áë=?äáâÉ=~=ÖêÉó=Öä~ÅáÉê?Eé~ê~=PFIíÜÉ=ÖêççãDë=ÄêçíÜÉêDë=ëéÉÉÅÜ=ëçìåÇë=?äáâÉ=~=é~êíó=ÇáêÉÅíáîÉK?=Eé~ê~=NPF
• ~åíáíÜÉëáë=ÉKÖK=?íÜáë=ãáñíìêÉ=çÑ=Å~ã~ê~ÇÉêáÉ=çÑ=Å~ã~ê~ÇÉêáÉ=~åÇ=îáçäÉåÅÉ?=Eé~ê~=OOF?qÜêçìÖÜçìí=íÜÉ=Ü~ééó=Ç~ó=íÜÉó=ÄÉÜ~îÉÇ=äáâÉ=Çáë~ééçáåíÉÇ=é~êíáÉë=çå=~=ÄäáåÇÇ~íÉK?
• ÉìéÜÉãáëã==ÉKÖK=?~=ëí~íÉ=çÑ=ÇáëÜÉîÉääÉÇ=ãÉêêáãÉåí?=EáKÉK=ÇêìåâÉååÉëëF=Eé~ê~=SF• Ä~íÜçë=ÉKÖK=?_ìí=åç=çåÉ=ï~ë=äáëíÉåáåÖK?=Eé~ê~=NVF• é~ííÉêåáåÖ=çÑ=îáçäÉåí=~åÇ=ëçÑíÉåáåÖ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=íç=ÉãéÜ~ëáëÉ=íÜÉ=äáÖÜíJÜÉ~êíÉÇ=íçåÉ
ÉKÖK=?=låÉ=çÑ=íÜÉKKK~ìåíë=KKÜ~Ç=í~âÉå=ìé=~=ÜçêëÉïÜáé=~åÇ=ï~ë=ãÉêêáäó=Ñä~áäáåÖ=áå=íÜÉÇáêÉÅíáçå=çÑ=ÜÉê=åÉï=áåJä~ïëK?=Eé~ê~=OMFI=?qÜÉ=ÉäÇÉëí=ëáëíÉêKKKÑÉää=ÜÉ~ÇÑáêëíKKKÄçìåÅÉÇíïáÅÉ=~åÇ=Å~ãÉ=íç=êÉëíI=ëãáäáåÖI=~Ö~áåëí=~=Çççê=éçëíK?=Eé~ê~=SF
`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=åçí=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=ÅçããÉåí=çå=~ää=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ÄçîÉ=~êÉ~ëK=qÜÉó=ã~óÄÉ=êÉï~êÇÉÇ=Ñçê=~=Åçãé~ê~íáîÉäó=ëã~ää=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=éçáåíë=áÑ=íÜÉëÉ=éçáåíë=~êÉÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~åÇ=ëìééçêíÉÇ=Äó=ïÉääJÅÜçëÉå=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NTM
qÜÉ=Ú_ÉëíJÑáíÛ=^ééêç~ÅÜ
^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëíÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN sÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáåÖ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=bñíêÉãÉäóäáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåíK
OJQ pÜçïë=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=î~äáÇéçáåíëK=pÜçïë=äáííäÉ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=áÇÉ~ëK=pÜçïë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=ÜçïpíÉï~êí=ÉåÖ~ÖÉë=~åÇ=ÉåíÉêí~áåë=íÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉê
RJT pÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=âÉó=áÇÉ~ëK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíëKmêÉëÉåíë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=ïáíÜ=é~êíá~ä=ëìÅÅÉëë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=äáãáíÉÇÉî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=píÉï~êí=ÉåÖ~ÖÉë~åÇ=ÉåíÉêí~áåë=íÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉêK
UJNM pÜçïë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=âÉó=áÇÉ~ëK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíëKmêÉëÉåíë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ëíê~áÖÜíÑçêï~êÇ=Éî~äì~íáçåKpÜçïë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=píÉï~êí=ÉåÖ~ÖÉë=~åÇ=ÉåíÉêí~áåë=íÜÉêÉ~ÇÉêK
NNJNP pÜçïë=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=êÉäÉî~åíéçáåíëK=aÉîÉäçéë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=Éî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïëÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=píÉï~êí=ÉåÖ~ÖÉë=~åÇÉåíÉêí~áåë=íÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉêK
NQJNS pÜçïë=ëçìåÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑêÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíëK=aÉîÉäçéë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=áå=ÇÉí~áä=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêëëÉÅìêÉ=Éî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=ëçìåÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=píÉï~êíÉåÖ~ÖÉë=~åÇ=ÉåíÉêí~áåë=íÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉêK
NTJNV pÜçïë=ÖççÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=ÖççÇ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ïÉääJÑçÅìëÉÇéçáåíëK=aÉîÉäçéë=áÇÉ~ë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=íÜçìÖÜíÑìäÉî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=~=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÑçÅìë=çå=Üçï=píÉï~êí=ÉåÖ~ÖÉë=~åÇÉåíÉêí~áåë=íÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉêK
OMJOO lÑÑÉêë=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=~å~äóëáëK=j~âÉë=~=ÖççÇ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=~éí=éçáåíëKaÉîÉäçéë=áÇÉ~ë=Ñìääó=~åÇ=éÉêëì~ëáîÉäóI=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ÅçåîáåÅáåÖÉî~äì~íáçåK=mêÉëÉåíë=~=ÅäÉ~êI=áåëáÖÜíÑìä=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=çÑ=ÜçïpíÉï~êí=ÉåÖ~ÖÉë=~åÇ=ÉåíÉêí~áåë=íÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉêK
OPJOR lÑÑÉêë=~å=~ëíìíÉ=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=~å~äóëáëK=j~âÉë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=éçáåíë=ïáíÜÅä~êáíó=~åÇ=Ñä~áêK=bñéäçêÉë=áÇÉ~ë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉäó=~åÇ=çÑÑÉêë=áãéêÉëëáîÉäóíÜçêçìÖÜ=Éî~äì~íáçåK=aÉãçåëíê~íÉë=ÅçÖÉåí=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=áåëáÖÜíëáåíç=Üçï=píÉï~êí=ÉåÖ~ÖÉë=~åÇ=ÉåíÉêí~áåë=íÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉêK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N TN
pÉÅíáçå=`W=têáíáåÖ=íç=áåÑçêãI=Éñéä~áåI=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ
UK
vçìê=ëÅÜççä=áë=íç=ÄÉ=îáëáíÉÇ=Äó=~=Öêçìé=çÑ=çîÉêëÉ~ë=ëíìÇÉåíë=ïÜç=ëéÉ~â=ÖççÇ=båÖäáëÜKvçì=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=~ëâÉÇ=íç=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=~=éêÉëÉåí~íáçå=Ñçê=íÜÉëÉ=ëíìÇÉåíëI=ÇÉëÅêáÄáåÖ=~å~ëéÉÅí=çÑ=óçìê=~êÉ~I=ëÅÜççä=çê=Åçããìåáíó=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉó=~êÉ=äáâÉäó=íç=ÑáåÇ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ÑêçãíÜÉáê=çïåK=vçì=Å~å=ÅÜççëÉ=óçìê=çïå=ëìÄàÉÅíI=Ñçê=áåëí~åÅÉ=~=ëéçêíI=Åìëíçã=çê=~ÅíáîáíóK
têáíÉ=íÜÉ=ëÅêáéí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=í~äâ=íÜ~í=óçì=~êÉ=ÖçáåÖ=íç=ÖáîÉK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉ`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=ïêáíÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáîÉäó=ïáíÜ=~=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉKpìÅÅÉëëÑìä=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïáää=ëÜçï=~ï~êÉåÉëë=íÜ~í=íÜÉó=~êÉ=éêçÇìÅáåÖ=~=ïêáííÉå=íê~åëÅêáéí=çÑ~=í~äâ=íç=ÄÉ=ÇÉäáîÉêÉÇ=íç=~=äáîÉ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉK=_ÉííÉê=êÉëéçåëÉë=ã~ó=ëâáäÑìääó=áåîçäîÉ=íÜÉ~ìÇáÉåÅÉK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=ÇÉëÅêáéíçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• fÇÉåíáÑáÉë=~=íçéáÅ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=í~äâ• aÉëÅêáéíáçå=áë=ãçëíäó=Ñ~Åíì~ä=çê=å~êê~íáîÉ• mÉêÜ~éë=ä~Åâë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=íÜ~í=íÜáë=áë=~=í~äâ=íç=~=äáîÉ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ• qÜÉ=ëìÄàÉÅí=ÅÜçëÉå=áë=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=~åÇ=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖáåÖäó• pÜçïë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=íÜêçìÖÜ=ÇÉëÅêáÄáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäá~ê=Ñçê=~
ÑçêÉáÖå=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ• rëÉë=Å~êÉÑìääó=ÅÜçëÉå=ÇÉëÅêáéíáîÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ• båÖ~ÖÉë=Ñìääó=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçåI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ëÉåëáíáîÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ
Ñçêã=~åÇ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NTO
VK
^=åÉï=ã~Ö~òáåÉ=áë=äççâáåÖ=Ñçê=ÑÉ~íìêÉ=~êíáÅäÉë=Ñçê=~=ëÉÅíáçå=ïÜáÅÜ=ïáää=ÇÉ~ä=ïáíÜ=ëíê~åÖÉ~åÇ=ìåìëì~ä=ÉîÉåíëK=qÜÉ=bÇáíçê=ï~åíë=É~ÅÜ=~êíáÅäÉ=íç=ÄÉ=~=Ä~ä~åÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=~=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåçÑ=ïÜ~í=Ü~ééÉåÉÇI=ÑçÅìëáåÖ=çå=ïÜ~í=ï~ë=ëíê~åÖÉ=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=ÉîÉåíI=~åÇ=~å=Éñéä~å~íáçåçÑ=ïÜ~í=ãáÖÜí=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=íÜÉ=Å~ìëÉëK
têáíÉ=~å=~êíáÅäÉI=ÑçääçïáåÖ=íÜÉëÉ=ëíêáÅí=ÖìáÇÉäáåÉëI=íÜ~í=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ëìÄãáííÉÇ=ÑçêéìÄäáÅ~íáçå=áå=íÜáë=ã~Ö~òáåÉK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉ`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ=~åÇ=Éñéä~áå=áå=~=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=Ñçêã=Ñçê=~å=ìåëéÉÅáÑáÉÇã~Ö~òáåÉ=êÉ~ÇÉêëÜáéK=pçãÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ëí~íÉ=~=íóéÉ=çÑ=ã~Ö~òáåÉK=pìÅÅÉëëÑìä~åëïÉêë=ïáää=~Ççéí=~=Äêç~Çäó=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ëíóäÉ=Ñçê=~=ã~Ö~òáåÉI=íÜçìÖÜ=Éñ~ãáåÉêëëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ï~êÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïáÇÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ã~Ö~òáåÉ=ëíóäÉë=ïÜáÅÜ=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÅÅÉéí~ÄäÉK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=ÇÉëÅêáéíçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• fÇÉåíáÑáÉë=~å=ÉîÉåí=~ë=~=íçéáÅ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Éñ~ãéäÉ• j~ó=åÉÖäÉÅí=~=âÉó=~êÉ~=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçåI=ÅçåÅÉåíê~íáåÖ=éÉêÜ~éë=çå=~=å~êê~íáîÉ
êÉëéçåëÉ=çåäó• mÉêÜ~éë=ä~Åâë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ëíóäÉ=~åÇ=åçíáçå~ä=êÉ~ÇÉêëÜáé
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• dáîÉë=~=Ä~ä~åÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåLå~êê~íáîÉ=~åÇ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=çÑ=éçëëáÄäÉ=Å~ìëÉë• pÜçïë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=ã~Ö~òáåÉ=ëíóäÉ=~åÇ=êÉ~ÇÉêëÜáé• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• ^Ççéíë=~=ÅçåîáåÅáåÖ=ã~Ö~òáåÉ=ëíóäÉI=ïáíÜ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=íç=ëÜ~éÉ=íÜÉ=êÉ~Åíáçå=çÑ
~å=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ• båÖ~ÖÉë=Ñìääó=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå• j~ó=Éãéäçó=íçåÉë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=ÜìãçìêLáêçåóLëÅÉéíáÅáëã=áå=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N TP
båÖäáëÜ=^=NOMP=Re
pÉÅíáçå=^W=råëÉÉå=jÉÇá~
N
oÉ~Ç=`ä~êÉ=o~óãçåÇÛë=~êíáÅäÉ=“tçãÉå=áå=~=j~åÛë=tçêäÇÒ=ïÜáÅÜ=ï~ë=éìÄäáëÜÉÇ=áå=qÜÉjáêêçêK
tÜ~í=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÇçÉë=íÜáë=ÇçìÄäÉ=é~ÖÉ=ëéêÉ~Ç=ÖáîÉ=çÑ=ïçãÉå=~í=ïçêâ=áå=ã~äÉJÇçãáå~íÉÇ=àçÄë\
få=óçìê=~åëïÉê=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅçããÉåí=çåW
• íÜÉ=ÅçåíÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉ• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ÜÉ~ÇäáåÉë• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=éÜçíçÖê~éÜë• ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ÑáêëíJÜ~åÇ=~ÅÅçìåíë• ~åó=çíÜÉê=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ä~óçìí=~åÇ=ÇÉëáÖå
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• Éî~äì~íÉ=Üçï=áåÑçêã~íáçå=áë=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• Éî~äì~íÉ=Üçï=áåÑçêã~íáçå=áë=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ• áÇÉåíáÑó=áãéäáÅ~íáçåë• ëÉäÉÅí=ã~íÉêá~ä=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=íç=éìêéçëÉK
^=êÉäÉî~åí=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ÑçÅìë=çåW• íÜÉ=êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=ïçãÉå=áå=ã~äÉJÇçãáå~íÉÇ=àçÄë• íÜÉ=ï~óë=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=ÜÉ~ÇäáåÉëI=éÜçíçÖê~éÜëI=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=~åó=çíÜÉê=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ
ä~óçìí=~åÇ=ÇÉëáÖå=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=é~êíáÅìä~ê=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=~åÇ=áãéêÉëëáçåë• Éñéä~áåáåÖ=~åÇ=àìëíáÑóáåÖ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä• ìëáåÖ=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=íç=ëìÄëí~åíá~íÉ=éçáåíë=ã~ÇÉ
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=ëÜçï=~=ëçìåÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÉñí=~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉèìÉëíáçåK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=éçáåíë=~åÇ=êÉäÉî~åí=ÅçããÉåíëK=`çîÉê~ÖÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÄìääÉíéçáåí=ÜÉ~ÇáåÖë=áå=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉëÛ=~åëïÉêë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=áÇÉåíáÑáÉÇ=Äó=éä~ÅáåÖ=Å~éáí~ä=äÉííÉêë=áåíÜÉ=ã~êÖáåW
e=Ó=ÜÉ~ÇäáåÉëm=Ó=éÜçíçÖê~éÜë`=Ó=ÅçåíÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=~êíáÅäÉi=Ó=ä~åÖì~ÖÉa=Ó=ÇÉëáÖå=~åÇ=ä~óçìí
`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=ÑêÉÉ=íç=ëÉäÉÅí=~åÇ=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÉñíì~ä=ÇÉí~áäë=áå=~=î~êáÉíó=çÑ=ï~óëK==qÜÉÑçääçïáåÖ=ëÉÅíáçå=áääìëíê~íÉë=ëçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçëëáÄäÉ=éçáåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ã~âÉ=ÄìíÉñ~ãáåÉêë=ëÜçìäÇ=Éî~äì~íÉ=çíÜÉê=êÉëéçåëÉë=çå=íÜÉáê=ãÉêáíëK==fí=áë=áãéçêí~åí=íç=ÄÉ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NTQ
~äÉêí=íç=ìåìëì~ä=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉ=ïÉää=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=~åÇ=ëìÄëí~åíá~íÉÇ=ÄóÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉK
fãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=ïçãÉå=~í=ïçêâ=áå=ã~äÉJÇçãáå~íÉÇ=àçÄëqÜÉ=àçìêå~äáëí=éêçîáÇÉë=~=ÄêáÉÑ=ÖÉåÉê~ä=áåíêçÇìÅíáçå=ïÜáÅÜ=ÑçÅìëÉë=çå=m~íêáÅá~=mìêîÉë=~ë~å=Éñ~ãéäÉ=çÑ=~=ïçã~å=“ÇÉíÉêãáåÉÇ=íç=ëìÅÅÉÉÇ=áå=íê~Çáíáçå~ääó=ã~äÉ=áåÇìëíêáÉëÒK=cçìêáåÇáîáÇì~ä=áåíêçÇìÅíáçåë=íÜÉå=éêçîáÇÉ=~=ÅçåíÉñí=Ñçê=É~ÅÜ=ïçã~åÛë=ÑáêëíJéÉêëçå=~ÅÅçìåíKqÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=áåíêçÇìÅíáçå=Ñçê=m~íêáÅá~=mìêîÉë=áë=äçåÖÉê=íÜ~å=íÜçëÉ=ìëÉÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=çíÜÉêïçãÉåK
qÜÉ=ÑáêëíJéÉêëçå=~ÅÅçìåíë=ÑçÅìë=çåW• íÜÉ=ïçãÉåÛë=Ä~ÅâÖêçìåÇë=~åÇ=~ííáíìÇÉë=íç=íÜÉáê=ÅÜçëÉå=àçÄë• íÜÉ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉáê=ïçêâ• íÜÉáê=é~êíáÅìä~ê=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë=~ë=ïçãÉå=áå=íê~Çáíáçå~ääó=ã~äÉ=áåÇìëíêáÉëI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ
íÜÉáê=ï~óë=çÑ=ÅçéáåÖ=ïáíÜ=Ä~åíÉê=~åÇ=çíÜÉê=éÉçéäÉÛë=ëÉñáëí=~ííáíìÇÉëK
qÜÉ=ÄÉëí=~åëïÉêë=ã~ó=~ÇÇêÉëë=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ìåëí~íÉÇ=î~äìÉë=~åÇ=~ëëìãéíáçåëÄÉÜáåÇ=íÜÉ=ÇÉÅáëáçå=íç=ÖáîÉ=éêçãáåÉåÅÉ=íç=qêáÅá~=mìêîÉëI=íç=íÉää=ìë=ÜÉê=ë~ä~êóI=íÜ~í=ëÜÉ“ÇêáîÉë=~=içíìë=bäáëÉ=~åÇ=çìíê~åâë=ÜÉê=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=gçÜåI=~=dìêâÜ~=äáÉìíÉå~åíJÅçäçåÉäÒK
qÜÉ=ÄÉëí=~åëïÉêë=ã~ó=~äëç=ÅçããÉåí=çå=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=Äó=àìñí~éçëáíáçåë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉã~áå=ÄçÇó=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÉñí=~åÇ=íÜÉ=îáëì~ä=ã~íÉêá~äëLÜÉ~ÇäáåÉëLëìÄJÜÉ~ÇäáåÉëK
eÉ~ÇäáåÉë_çäÇ=ÜÉ~ÇäáåÉI=ëìÄJÜÉ~ÇäáåÉë=~åÇ=Å~éíáçåë=ÑçÅìë=êÉ~ÇÉêëÛ=áåáíá~ä=éÉêÅÉéíáçåë=ÄóÑçêÉÖêçìåÇáåÖ=é~êíáÅìä~ê=î~äìÉë=~åÇ=áÇÉ~ëW• tljbk=fk=^=j^kÛp=tloia• tÜÉíÜÉê=áíÛë=~=íçé=àçÄ=áå=íÜÉ=~êãó=çê=ÖÉííáåÖ=~=Å~ê=Ä~Åâ=çå=íÜÉ=êç~Ç=óçì=`^k=ëíáää=ÄÉ
ÑÉãáåáåÉ=~åÇ=ëìÅÅÉÉÇ• qÉ~ëáåÖ=ï~ë=Ü~êÇ=íç=í~âÉ• qêìëí=ãÉI=f=íÉää=íÜÉã• vçì=ÖÉí=ìëÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=Ä~åíÉê• f=ÇçåÛí=ï~åí=~åó=Ñ~îçìêë• `^m=qe^qW=qêáÅá~Ûë=ã~ÇÉ=áí• fÛj=fk=`e^odbW=qêáÅá~=mìêîÉë=ë~óë=ëÜÉ=Ü~ë=åç=éêçÄäÉãë=ÖáîáåÖ=çêÇÉêë=Ó=~åÇ=Ü~îáåÖ
íÜÉã=çÄÉóÉÇK
mÜçíçÖê~éÜëpíêçåÖ=Äìí=î~êáÉÇ=Üìã~åJáåíÉêÉëí=éÜçíçë=çÑ=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=ìëÉÇI=ïáíÜ=qêáÅá~=mìêîÉë=~äçåÉëÜçïå=Ñìää=äÉåÖíÜ=áå=Åáîáäá~å=ÅäçíÜÉë=~åÇ=áå=ÅäçëÉJìé=ïÉ~êáåÖ=ÜÉê=ÄêáÖ~ÇáÉêÛë=Å~éK
qÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=áå=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=Ü~åÇ=~ÅÅçìåíëqÜÉ=Ñçìê=ïçãÉåÛë=ëíçêáÉë=~êÉ=íçäÇ=áå=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=éÉêëçåI=áå=~=êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=ëéçâÉåä~åÖì~ÖÉ=Äìí=ÜÉëáí~íáçåëI=Ñ~äëÉ=ëí~êíëI=ÉíÅ=~êÉ=ÉÇáíÉÇ=çìíK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~äÇáÑÑÉêÉåíá~íáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=Ñçìê=ëéÉ~âÉêë=Äìí=~ää=áåÅäìÇÉ=Åçääçèìá~ä=ä~åÖì~ÖÉW
qêáÅá~=mìêîÉëjó=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=ÖÉíë=Üáë=äÉÖ=éìääÉÇKoìÄÄáëÜ>eÉ=íÜáåâë=ãó=éêçãçíáçå=áë=ÖêÉ~íK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N TR
j~êó=`~êêçää_ìí=ãó=ÑêáÉåÇë=~åÇ=Ñ~ãáäó=ÉåÅçìê~ÖÉ=ãÉ=íç=ëíáÅâ=~í=áíKqÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=éêÉëëìêÉ=íç=ÄÉ=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Öìóë=~åÇ=f=~ã=~ÅÅÉéíÉÇ=Ñçê=ïÜç=f=~ã=Ó=~=ïçã~åïÜç=Ü~ééÉåë=íç=ÄÉ=~=ãÉÅÜ~åáÅK
iìÅó=mìÖÜqÜÉ=ãÉå=Çç=ã~âÉ=~å=ÉÑÑçêí=íç=ÖÉí=íç=âåçï=ìë=~äíÜçìÖÜ=åçí=~äï~óë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=êáÖÜíêÉ~ëçåëK
aÉÄ=réÜ~ãf=ä~ìÖÜ=çÑÑ=~åó=Ñìååó=êÉã~êâë
jçêÉ=Ñçêã~ä=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçåë=~åÇ=îçÅ~Äìä~êó=~êÉ=~äëç=ëçãÉíáãÉë=ìëÉÇWfå=çìê=~êãó=íÜÉ=áåíÉÖê~íáçå=çÑ=ïçãÉå=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=Öê~Çì~äK=EqêáÅá~=mìêîÉëF_ìí=ÄÉáåÖ=~=ïçã~å=Ü~ë=áíë=çïå=~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=áå=íÜ~í=çÑíÉå=ïÉ=~êÉ=ãçêÉ=é~íáÉåí=~í=ëçäîáåÖ~=éêçÄäÉã=~åÇ=äáëíÉåáåÖ=íç=ïÜ~íÛë=åÉÉÇÉÇK=EiìÅó=mìÖÜF
fíÛë=Äêáääá~åí=íç=Çç=ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=åçêãK=EaÉÄ=réÜ~ãF
i~óçìí=~åÇ=ÇÉëáÖåtÜáíÉJçåJÄä~Åâ=é~åÉäë=~êÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÖáîÉ=éêçãáåÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=å~ãÉë=~åÇ=çÅÅìé~íáçåë=çÑíÜÉ=Ñçìê=ïçãÉå=ÑÉ~íìêÉÇK
qÜêÉÉ=ëáãáä~ê=êÉÅí~åÖìä~ê=é~åÉäë=ÖáîÉ=Éèì~ä=éêçãáåÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜêÉÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçãÉå=ÑÉ~íìêÉÇÄìí=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=éêçãáåÉåÅÉ=áë=ÖáîÉå=íç=íÜÉ=ÑçìêíÜK
`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=åçí=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=ÅçããÉåí=çå=~ää=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ÄçîÉ=~êÉ~ëK==qÜÉó=ã~óÄÉ=êÉï~êÇÉÇ=Ñçê=~=Åçãé~ê~íáîÉäó=ëã~ää=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=éçáåíë=áÑ=íÜÉëÉ=éçáåíë=~êÉÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~åÇ=ëìééçêíÉÇ=Äó=ïÉääJÅÜçëÉå=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉK
^=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN sÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáåÖ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖKbñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåíK
OJQ pÜçïë=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖKj~âÉë=ëçãÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=î~äáÇ=éçáåíëKpÜçïë=äáííäÉ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=áÇÉ~ëKpÜçïë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=êÉéêÉëÉåíÉÇK
RJT pÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=âÉó=áÇÉ~ëKj~âÉë=ëçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíëKmêÉëÉåíë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=ïáíÜ=é~êíá~ä=ëìÅÅÉëë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=äáãáíÉÇÉî~äì~íáçåKpÜçïë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=êÉéêÉëÉåíÉÇK
UJNM pÜçïë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=âÉó=áÇÉ~ëKj~âÉë=ëçãÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíëKmêÉëÉåíë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ëíê~áÖÜíÑçêï~êÇ=Éî~äì~íáçåKpÜçïë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=êÉéêÉëÉåíÉÇK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NTS
NNJNP pÜçïë=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖKj~âÉë=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíëKaÉîÉäçéë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=Éî~äì~íáçåKpÜçïë=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=êÉéêÉëÉåíÉÇK
NQJNS pÜçïë=ëçìåÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖKj~âÉë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíëKaÉîÉäçéë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=áå=ÇÉí~áä=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ëÉÅìêÉ=Éî~äì~íáçåKpÜçïë=ëçìåÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=êÉéêÉëÉåíÉÇK
NTJNV pÜçïë=ÖççÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖKj~âÉë=~=ÖççÇ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ïÉääJÑçÅìëÉÇ=éçáåíëKaÉîÉäçéë=áÇÉ~ë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=Éî~äì~íáçåKpÜçïë=~=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÑçÅìë=çå=Üçï=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=êÉéêÉëÉåíÉÇK
OMJOO lÑÑÉêë=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=~å~äóëáë=Kj~âÉë=~=ÖççÇ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=~éí=éçáåíëKaÉîÉäçéë=áÇÉ~ë=Ñìääó=~åÇ=éÉêëì~ëáîÉäóI=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ÅçåîáåÅáåÖÉî~äì~íáçåKmêÉëÉåíë=~=ÅäÉ~êI=áåëáÖÜíÑìä=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=çÑ=Üçï=ïçãÉå=~êÉêÉéêÉëÉåíÉÇKlÑÑÉêë=~å=~ëíìíÉ=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=~å~äóëáëKj~âÉë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=éçáåíë=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=Ñä~áêK
OPJOR bñéäçêÉë=áÇÉ~ë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉäó=~åÇ=çÑÑÉêë=áãéêÉëëáîÉäó=íÜçêçìÖÜÉî~äì~íáçåK==aÉãçåëíê~íÉë=ÅçÖÉåí=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=áåëáÖÜíë=áåíç=ÜçïïçãÉå=~êÉ=êÉéêÉëÉåíÉÇK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N TT
pÉÅíáçå=_W=têáíáåÖ=íç=~êÖìÉI=éÉêëì~ÇÉI=~ÇîáëÉ
OK
“tçêâ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=Åçãéìäëçêó=Ñçê=NQ=Ó=NS=óÉ~ê=çäÇëKÒ
têáíÉ=~å=~êíáÅäÉ=Ñçê=~=åÉïëé~éÉê=~êÖìáåÖ=ÉáíÜÉê=Ñçê=çê=~Ö~áåëí=ïçêâ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉ`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=~êÖìÉ=áå=~=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=Ñçêã=Ñçê=~=åçíáçå~ä=êÉ~ÇÉêëÜáéK=pçãÉã~ó=ÅÜççëÉ=íç=ëéÉÅáÑó=~=åÉïëé~éÉê=çê=~ííÉãéí=íç=ïêáíÉ=áå=~=é~êíáÅìä~ê=àçìêå~äáëíáÅ=ëíóäÉKpìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉêë=ïáää=~Ççéí=~å=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ëíóäÉ=~åÇ=íçåÉ=Ñçê=~=éáÉÅÉ=çÑ=éÉêëçå~äîáÉïéçáåí=ïêáíáåÖ=Ñçê=~=åÉïëé~éÉê=êÉ~ÇÉêëÜáéK
`çåíÉåíLpâáääë=ÇÉëÅêáéíçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• bñéêÉëëÉë=ëíê~áÖÜíÑçêï~êÇ=îáÉï=~Äçìí=ïçêâ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ• ^êÖìãÉåíë=~êÉ=ìåÇÉîÉäçéÉÇI=~åÇ=éÉêÜ~éë=äáëíÉÇ=ïáíÜçìí=~=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=íÜêÉ~Ç• i~Åâë=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=ëíêìÅíìêÉ• mÉêÜ~éë=åÉÖäÉÅíë=íÜÉ=åÉïëé~éÉê=Ñçêã=~åÇ=ëíóäÉ
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• ^ëëÉãÄäÉë=ëÉîÉê~ä=~êÖìãÉåíë=íç=ã~âÉ=~=Å~ëÉI=ëíêÉëëáåÖ=ÄÉåÉÑáíë=çê=Çê~ïÄ~Åâë• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ• pÜçïë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=åÉïëé~éÉê=Ñçêã=~åÇ=ëíóäÉ
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• ^êÖìãÉåíë=~êÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇI=ëìééçêíÉÇ=~åÇ=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ• oÜÉíçêáÅ~ä=ÇÉîáÅÉë=~êÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÇ=ëâáäÑìääó• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=ïáíÜI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=çéÉåáåÖ=~åÇ=ÉåÇáåÖ• ^=ÅçåîáåÅáåÖ=Å~ëÉ=áë=ã~ÇÉI=ÑìäÑáääáåÖ=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå
kçï=äççâ=íç=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=R
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NTU
PK
“qÜÉ=ëÅÜççäJäÉ~îáåÖ=~ÖÉ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ê~áëÉÇ=Ñêçã=NS=íç=NUKÒ
têáíÉ=~=ëéÉÉÅÜ=íç=ÄÉ=ÖáîÉå=íç=ãÉãÄÉêë=çÑ=óçìê=óÉ~ê=Öêçìé=íç=éÉêëì~ÇÉ=íÜÉã=íçëìééçêí=çê=çééçëÉ=íÜáë=áÇÉ~K
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉ`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=ïêáíÉ=éÉêëì~ëáîÉäó=áå=~=ÖáîÉå=Ñçêã=Ñçê=~å=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=íÜÉáêóÉ~ê=ÖêçìéK=pìÅÅÉëëÑìä=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=ëÉÉ=íÜÉ=í~ëâ=~ë=íÜÉ=íê~åëÅêáéí=çÑ=~=ëéÉÉÅÜ=íç=ÄÉÇÉäáîÉêÉÇ=íç=~=äáîÉ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉI=~åÇ=ïáää=ëÜçï=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜ~í=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=íÜêçìÖÜçìíIëÜ~éáåÖ=íÜÉáê=êÉ~ÅíáçåK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=fåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• j~âÉë=~å=ìåÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~êÖìãÉåí=Ñçê=çê=~Ö~áåëí=íÜÉ=éêçéçëáíáçå• i~Åâë=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇLçê=áë=êÉéÉíáíáçìë• mÉêÜ~éë=ä~Åâë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=ëéÉÉÅÜ=Ñçêã~í=~åÇ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ëíóäÉ
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• ^ëëÉãÄäÉë=áÇÉ~ë=éÉêëì~ëáîÉäóI=ìëáåÖ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉL~åÉÅÇçíÉ=áå=ëìééçêí• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ• pÜçïë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=ïáíÜI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=çéÉåáåÖ=~åÇ=ÉåÇáåÖ• pÜçïë=Ñìää=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçåíÉñíI=~ééÉ~äáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=ïáíÜ=~=î~êáÉíó=çÑ
êÜÉíçêáÅ~ä=ÇÉîáÅÉë• ^ëëÉãÄäÉë=~=ÅçåîáåÅáåÖ=Å~ëÉI=ÑìäÑáääáåÖ=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N TV
pÉÅíáçå=`W=têáíáåÖ=íç=~å~äóëÉI=êÉîáÉïI=ÅçããÉåí
QK
têáíÉ=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=~åÇ=Çáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=çÑ=çåÉ=çÅÅìé~íáçå=ïÜáÅÜ=óçì=~êÉÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖ=~ë=óçìê=ÑìíìêÉ=Å~êÉÉêK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉqÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå=êÉèìáêÉë=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=íç=ïêáíÉ=~Äçìí=~=Å~êÉÉê=Äìí=ÇçÉë=åçí=áåÅäìÇÉ=~ë=~íêáÖÖÉê=~åó=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçêÇë=ïáíÜáå=íÜáë=íêáéäÉíK=bñ~ãáåÉêë=ãìëí=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=~ÅÅÉéí=~ë=î~äáÇêÉëéçåëÉë=~åëïÉêë=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçåîÉó=ëìÄàÉÅíáîÉ=ÅçããÉåí=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=íÜçëÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=~ííÉãéíçÄàÉÅíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=çÑ=íÜÉ=~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=~åÇ=Çáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=çÑ=~=é~êíáÅìä~ê=Å~êÉÉêK
_ÉÅ~ìëÉ=åç=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=Ñçê=íÜáë=ïêáíáåÖ=í~ëâ=áë=áÇÉåíáÑáÉÇI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=åÉÉÇ=íç=àìÇÖÉÑçê=íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=~å=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ëíóäÉ=Ñçê=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáåÖ=ïáíÜ=~å=ìåâåçïå=êÉ~ÇÉêëÜáéK=^ÜáÖÜäó=Åçääçèìá~ä=ëíóäÉ=ïçìäÇ=åçí=ÄÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=Äìí=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=ïáíÜáå=íÜáë=íêáéäÉíÇçÉë=åçí=åÉÉÇ=íç=ÄÉ=~í=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=ÉñíêÉãÉ=çÑ=~=ëÅ~äÉ=çÑ=Ñçêã~äáíóK
fí=áë=åçí=åÉÅÉëë~êó=Ñçê=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=íç=ÇÉîçíÉ=Éèì~ä=ëé~ÅÉ=íç=~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=~åÇÇáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉëK=jçëí=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáääI=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ~ÄäóI=Ü~îÉ=ãçêÉ=íç=ë~ó=~Äçìí=íÜÉ~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=çÑ=íÜÉáê=éêçëéÉÅíáîÉ=Å~êÉÉê=Äìí=Çáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=êÉÑÉêêÉÇ=íçI=ÉîÉå=áÑçåäó=íç=Éñéä~áå=íÜ~íI=áå=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêÛë=îáÉïI=íÜÉó=~êÉ=ÑÉï=áå=åìãÄÉê=çê=áåëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=fåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉEj~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• fÇÉåíáÑáÉë=àçÄ• j~âÉë=ìåÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ÅçããÉåíë=~Äçìí=~Çî~åí~ÖÉëLÇáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉë• mêçîáÇÉë=çåäó=~=ëìéÉêÑáÅá~ä=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=ïêáíÉêÛë=êÉ~ëçåë=Ñçê=ÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖ=íÜáë=Å~êÉÉê• i~Åâë=~=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇLçê=áë=êÉéÉíáíáçìë=áå=áë=~ééêç~ÅÜ• lÑÑÉêë=~=ëìéÉêÑáÅá~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=I=ä~ÅâáåÖ=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ
íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå
jáÇ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• bñéä~áåë=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=àçÄ• j~âÉë=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ÅçããÉåíë=~Äçìí=áíë=~Çî~åí~ÖÉëLÇáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉë• pÜçïë=áå=ëçãÉ=ÇÉí~áä=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêÛë=êÉ~ëçåë=Ñçê=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=Å~êÉÉê• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ• mêçîáÇÉë=ëçãÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ÅçããÉåí=~åÇLçê=~å~äóëáë=ïÜáÅÜ=êÉÑäÉÅíë=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ
íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Eã~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• mêçîáÇÉë=áåëáÖÜíë=áåíç=íÜÉ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=àçÄ• båÖ~ÖÉë=áå=ëÜ~êéäó=ÑçÅìëÉÇ=ÅçããÉåí=~Äçìí=~åÇLçê=~å~äóëáë=çÑ
~Çî~åí~ÖÉëLÇáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉë• båÖ~ÖÉë=Ñìääó=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå=Äó=éêçîáÇáåÖ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=~åÇ=éÉåÉíê~íáåÖ
ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêÛë=êÉ~ëçåë=Ñçê=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=Å~êÉÉê• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=êÉÑäÉÅíáåÖ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêÛë=çîÉê~ää=éìêéçëÉ• mêçîáÇÉë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=ÅçããÉåí=~åÇLçê=~å~äóëáë=ïÜáÅÜ=ÑìäÑáäë=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉ
èìÉëíáçå
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NUM
RK
`çåëáÇÉê=~=àçÄ=ïÜáÅÜ=Å~êêáÉë=êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíóK=tÜ~í=~êÉ=íÜÉ=èì~äáíáÉë=~=éÉêëçå=ïçìäÇ=åÉÉÇíç=Å~êêó=çìí=íÜÉ=àçÄ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó\
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉ`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=íÜÉ=ÇÉã~åÇë=çÑ=~=ÅÜçëÉå=àçÄ=~åÇ=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉèì~äáíáÉë=åÉÉÇÉÇK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=Ñçêã=çê=~ìÇáÉåÅÉX=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=åÉÉÇ=íç=ÅÜççëÉ~å=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ëíóäÉ=~åÇ=íçåÉ=Ñçê=~å~äóíáÅ~ä=ïêáíáåÖK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=fåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• fÇÉåíáÑáÉë=~=àçÄ• j~âÉë=ìåÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ÅçããÉåíë=~Äçìí=“êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíóÒ=~åÇLçê=“èì~äáíáÉëÒ• i~Åâë=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇLçê=áë=êÉéÉíáíáçìë• lÑÑÉêë=~=ëìéÉêÑáÅá~ä=êÉëéçåëÉI=ä~ÅâáåÖ=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ
èìÉëíáçå
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• ^å~äóëÉë=íÜÉ=“êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíóÒ=~íí~ÅÜÉÇ=íç=ÅÜçëÉå=àçÄ• j~âÉë=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ÅçããÉåíë=çå=íÜÉ=“èì~äáíáÉëÒ=êÉèìáêÉÇ• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ• ^ÇÇêÉëëÉë=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• mêçîáÇÉë=áåëáÖÜíë=áåíç=íÜÉ=“êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíóÒ=~íí~ÅÜáåÖ=íç=~=àçÄ• j~âÉë=ëÜ~êéäó=ÑçÅìëÉÇ=ÅçããÉåíë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=èì~äáíáÉë=êÉèìáêÉÇ• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=ïáíÜI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=çéÉåáåÖ=~åÇ=ÉåÇáåÖ• mêçîáÇÉë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=ÅçããÉåí=~åÇ=~å~äóëáë=ïÜáÅÜ=ÑìäÑáäë=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉ
èìÉëíáçå
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=NJRK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N UN
péÉÅáãÉå=èìÉëíáçåë
d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=_=ENOMQF
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NUO
QCA approved specimen paper for examinations from June 2004
1204/2F
Edexcel GCSEEnglish BPaper 2F - The Craft of the Writer
Foundation Tier
Time: 2 hoursMaterials required for the Items included with these question papersexamination
Answer Booklet (AB12) NIL
Instructions to CandidatesYou need your copy of the Edexcel Anthology to answer the questions.
In the boxes on the answer book, write your centre number, candidate number,subject titles, the paper reference, your signature, your surname and other names.
Answer ONE question from Section A, the question from Section B and ONEquestion from Section C.
Information for CandidatesEach question will be marked out of 25.
You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentationfor your answers. Supplementary answer sheets may be used.
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N UP
Section A: Modern Poetry
Answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER
1.In Such a Time as ThisLook again at Half Past Two and ONE other poem from In Such a Time as This.
Write about how each writer has used language to help you to understand:
• the characters’ feelings• the events described.
Support your answer with examples from the text.
OR
2.In Such A Time As ThisLook again at Hide and Seek and Electricity Comes to Cocoa Bottom. How does each writerenable us to share in the experiences described?
For each poem, you should comment on:• the way in which the story unfolds• the use of words which help you to imagine the events• the use of the senses, especially sight and sound.
Support your answer with examples from the texts.
OR
3.IdentityLook again at Digging and ONE other poem from Identity in which the writer presents ideason the past.
In these two poems, how do the writer(s):• present their views of the past• use language to express their ideas?
Support your answer with examples from the texts.(The two poems can be by the same writer)
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NUQ
OR
4.IdentityLook again at Warning and I Shall Paint My Nails Red.
How does each writer surprise the reader?
You should comment on:• how the women’s attitudes differ from those which might be expected• surprising choices of words• the pictures that are created by the words.
Support your answer with examples from the texts.
OR
5.NatureLook again at Nettles and Thistles.
How effectively do the writers use these everyday plants to present their ideas?
You should comment on:• how each writer describes the plants• the writers’ thoughts about the plants.
Support your answer with examples from the texts.
OR
6.NatureLook again at The Thought-Fox and ONE other poem from Nature where the writer has takena living creature as the starting-point of the poem.
How clear a picture is given of the appearance and movements of the creature in each poem?
You should comment on:• the use of vivid language• the detail in the description.
Support your answer with examples from the texts.
Total for Section A: 25 marks
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N UR
Section B: Different Cultures and Traditions
You must answer the question in this sectionYou should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
Veronica and Country Lovers
7. The stories Veronica and Country Lovers look at relationships between men andwomen in Africa.
How are the women presented in these stories?
You may wish to consider:• the women’s backgrounds and education• their relationships with men• their relationships with children• words and phrases used to describe the women and their lives.
Support your answer with examples from the texts.
Total for Section B: 25 marks
Section C: Writing to inform, explain, describe
Answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER
8. Consider a situation when you felt you were treated unfairly. Explain fully whyyou felt your treatment was unfair.
OR
9. You have been wrongly accused by a teacher of damaging equipment in a Sciencelaboratory.
Write a letter to your headteacher explaining why you should not have to do adetention and what you know about the incident.
Total for Section C: 25 marks
END
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NUS
QCA approved specimen paper for examinations from June 2004
1204/3F
Edexcel GCSEEnglish BPaper 3F – Non-fiction (unseen)Foundation Tier
Time: 2 Hours
Materials required for the Items included with these Question papersexamination
Answer Booklet (AB12) NIL
Instructions to CandidatesIn the boxes on the answer book, write your centre number, candidate number,subject titles, the paper reference, your signature, your surname and other names.
This paper contains three sections: Section A: Non-fiction, Section B: Write to argue,persuade, advise and Section C: Write to analyse, review, comment.
Answer the question in Section A, one question from Section B and one questionform Section C.
Information for CandidatesEach question will be marked out of 25.
You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentationfor your answers.
1204 3F
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N UT
Section A: Unprepared Non-fiction
You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
1.Read the passage called Kidnapped. What impression does Terry Waite give of the experienceof being kidnapped?
You should write about:• how Terry Waite begins to realise that he may himself become a kidnap victim• the dialogue between Waite and the kidnappers• the conditions in which Waite is held• what Waite tells us about his own thoughts and feelings.
Support your answer with examples from the text.
Total marks for Section A: 25 marks
Section B: Writing to argue, persuade, advise
Answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER
2.Your friend has been offered the chance to attend a school abroad for a year. He is undecidedabout what to do.
Write a letter to your friend advising him whether to accept or turn down this opportunity.
OR
3.“It’s better to have a job that’s safe, secure but boring, rather than one which appears moreexciting and glamorous”.
Write a speech for a classroom debate arguing either for or against this point of view.
Total marks for Section B: 25 marks
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NUU
Section C: Writing to analyse, review, comment
Answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER
4.It has been suggested that for their safety, under seventeen year olds should be in their ownhomes by 9pm.
Consider the arguments for and against this suggestion.
OR
5.Think about situations which have upset or embarrassed you. What do you think you learnfrom such experiences?
Total marks for Section C: 25 marks
END
1204 3F
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N UV
Unprepared passage printed on the examination paper
Terry Waite was sent from England on missions to persuade kidnappers to set their hostagesfree. On his final mission, Terry Waite became aware that this meeting was not going to plan.
Kidnapped
Suddenly, without warning, the driver pulled the car to the side of the road.“Why do we stop here?”“You must get out – we have a puncture.”I knew he was lying. It was obvious that we would change cars at some point.Why tell such a stupid and pointless lie? There was another car in front of us now, with twomen in police uniforms sitting inside.“Get into the back quickly.”The man in the suit sat beside me. “Now, I am sorry, I must blindfold you.”It wasn’t the change of car that worried me or the blindfold. I had expectedboth. It was the lie. From that point on I began to prepare myself for capture.We drove for half an hour or so. My companions exchanged words. I said nothing. It was asthough I had walked on to a track and all I could do now was to follow it wherever it led. Ihave no memory at all of my thoughts and feelings during that half-hour of darkness.Suddenly the car slowed. We turned into a side road, lurched through water-filled potholesand stopped. The door opened. “Get out please.”I stepped out of the car, guided by one of the party. From under my blindfold I could see anold apartment block. The southern suburbs? We walked a few paces towards the buildingand began to climb a flight of stairs. At the second floor, we stopped. A door was unlocked,and I was led through. I was conscious of other people in the room into which I was taken.“Mr Waite, I must ask you to change your clothes.”Again, I had expected this. It would probably be followed by another body search – even anexamination of each of my teeth. They were looking for locator devices, minute electronicinstruments which, I am told, can be implanted in the body to enable an individual to betracked. I removed my clothes and subjected myself to a search. A long gown and a pair ofslippers were then handed to me.“You must now wait some time. You can sleep. You must not speak.”Someone brought me a blanket. I slept fitfully. Throughout the night I was conscious ofpeople coming and going. I spent the whole of the next day blindfolded, sitting or lying on thecouch. In the evening the man in the suit returned.“Mr Waite, how are you?” “I am well. When will you take me to see the hostages?”“Later.”“How much later?”“Not long now.”He handed me a sandwich bought from a street trader.“Eat, Mr Waite. It’s good.”It was good. Pieces of chicken wrapped in bread. I ate it all.“Now, Mr Waite, we must go. Please stand up.”I stood.“You must do exactly what I tell you. You must not speak – understand?”“Yes.”
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NVM
Several people surrounded me, and someone tightened my blindfold and pulled it down overmy nose. People on either side of me took hold of my arms and led me across the room. Theapartment door was opened. I felt a cool draught of night air. It was very still – so still that Icould hear the breathing of the people around me. We waited – one minute, two, longer.Someone whispered. I was guided forward, at first slowly and then faster as we crossed acorridor.
Within a moment we had entered another apartment. I was led to a couch and told to sit.“You can sleep, Mr Waite.”“How long do I wait here?”“Not long.”
During the whole of the next day I dozed. More sandwiches were brought. Once I was givensome hot tea. I tried to assess my position. When I had agreed to visit the hostages I knewthat I was taking a very high risk. I took it because I felt I must do everything within mypower to help them and their families. If anything went wrong, I would have to carry the fullresponsibility. Up to now everyone had been polite. I had suffered no violence. I had beenblindfolded for a couple of days but had not been chained or secured in any other way.However, something was amiss.
12044H
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N VN
QCA approved specimen paper for examinations from June 2004
1204/4H
Edexcel GCSEEnglish BPaper 4H – The Craft of the WriterHigher Tier
Time: 2 hours
Materials required for the Items included with these question papers:examination:Answer Book (AB12) Nil
Instructions to Candidates
You need your copy of the Edexcel Anthology to answer the questions.In the boxes on the answer book, write your centre number, candidate number, subjecttitles, the paper reference, your signature, your surname and other names.
Answer ONE question from Section A, the question from Section B and ONE questionfrom Section C.
Information for Candidates
Each question will be marked out of 25.
You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation foryour answers.
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NVO
Section A: Modern Poetry
Answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER
1.In a Time Such as ThisLook again at Electricity comes to Cocoa Bottom and at The Darkling Thrush.
Comment on the ways the poets convey the feelings and attitudes of the people involved asnight approaches.
In your answer you should make close reference to the language.
OR
2.In a Time Such as ThisLook again at Dulce et Decorum Est and ONE OTHER WAR POEM from In Such a Timeas This. In what ways does the choice of words by the writer or writers suggest the tensionscreated in times of war?
In your answer you should make close reference to the language.
OR
3.IdentityLook again at Still I Rise. Consider how this poem and ONE OTHER from Identity exploreideas of freedom or the lack of it.
In your answer you should make close reference to the language.
OR
4.IdentityLook again at Miracle on St David’s Day and Old Man, Old Man.
In what ways do the writers present the problems of old age, and how sympathetic do you findtheir portrayals?
In your answer you should make close reference to the language.
12044H
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N VP
OR
5.NatureLook again at Trout and The Stag. How do the writers reveal a fascination with theappearance, action and movements of the subjects of their poems?
In your answer you should make close reference to the language.
OR
6.NatureLook again at Wind and AT LEAST ONE other poem from Nature.In what ways do the writers show the force of nature and its effect on human lives?
In your answer you should make close reference to the language.
Total marks for Section A: 25 marks
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NVQ
Section B: Different Cultures and Traditions
You must answer the question in this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
7. Country Lovers and Veronica
Relationships can be destroyed by circumstances and laws. How do the writers show theforces that lead to destruction in the two stories?
In your response you should refer closely to the texts.
Total for Section B: 25 marks
Section C: Writing to inform, explain, describe
Answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER
8.Your school’s careers adviser has asked for information about your achievements, yourambitions and your immediate plans. Write a series of paragraphs that the adviser will finduseful in guiding your future decisions.
OR
9.The magazine section of a national newspaper is planning a series of articles under the title“Memorable Events”. Write an article describing an event which has made a lastingimpression on you, and explain how you were affected by it.
Total for Section C: 25 marks
END
1204 5H
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N VR
QCA approved specimen paper for examinations from June 2004
1204/5H
Edexcel GCSEEnglish B
Paper 5H– Non-fiction (unseen)
Higher Tier
Time: 2 hoursMaterials required for the Items included with theseexamination: question papers:
Answer Booklet (AB12) Oneinsert
Instructions to CandidatesIn the boxes on the answer book, write your centre number, candidate number, subjecttitles, the paper reference, your signature, your surname and other names.
This paper contains three sections: Section A: Non-fiction, Section B: Write to argue,persuade, advise and Section C: Write to analyse, review, comment.
Answer the question in Section A, one question from Section B and one question formSection C.
Information for CandidatesEach question will be marked out of 25.
You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation foryour answers.
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NVS
Section A: Unprepared Non-fiction
You must answer the question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
1.Read The Conquest of Everest. How does the writer convey the importance of whatthe two climbers achieved?
You should comment on:• the writer’s choice of detail and language• the actions and feelings of those waiting for news• the reactions of Hillary and Tensing.
Support your answer with examples from the text.
Total for Section A: 25 marks
Section B: Writing to argue, persuade, advise
Answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER
2.Write a letter inviting a friend to join you on a physically demanding holiday orexpedition. Your letter should convince your friend of the appeal of the trip.
OR
3.“Taking part in dangerous activities is selfish and irresponsible.”Write a speech for a classroom discussion for or against this point of view.
Total for Section B: 25 marks
Section C: Writing to analyse, review, comment
Answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.
EITHER
4.Think of an occasion when you felt a sense of achievement. Comment on theimportance of this occasion, reflecting on the lessons you learnt from it.
OR
1204 5H
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N VT
5.It has been suggested that your school should offer a wider range of sports such ascanoeing, rollerblading or horse-riding. Write an article for a school magazine in whichyou examine the advantages and disadvantages of broadening the curriculum in thisway.
Total for Section C: 25 marksEND
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NVU
Unprepared passage printed on the examination paperThe Conquest of Everest, 29 May 1953
James (Jan) Morris
The successful 1953 Everest expedition was led by Sir John Hunt and approachedthe 29,002-feet-high peak from Nepal. Previous climbers had approached fromTibet.
It was a day for great news. Here in the camp on the north side of the Cwm there wasalready yesterday morning a tension, nerve-racking and yet deliciously exciting. At 9a.m. on the previous day, 29 May, the two summit climbers had been seen by theirsupport group, Gregory, Lowe, and a Sherpa, already crossing the South Summit atabout 28,500 feet, and going strongly up the final ridge.
The weather had been perfect, the gales of the preceding days which had so ravagedCam VII on the South Col had died down. Hillary and Tensing were known to be twoof the most powerful climbers in the world, and were using the well-tested open-circuitoxygen equipment.
Because of these several encouraging factors, hopes at Camp IV were dangerously high,and the feeling of taut nerves and suppressed wild convictions was immeasurablystrengthened when, just before lunch, five tiny figures were seen making their wayacross the traverse at the top of the face of Lhotse. They could only be the summit teamand their supporters from the South Col. They were moving fast, and in three hours theywould be in the Cwm. The map was now alive with stinging expectation. Here in thecamp Colonel Hunt sat on a wooden packing case, physically immobile, his waterproofhat jammed hard over his head, his face white with plastered glacier cream. Four orfive of the climbers vacantly fingered newspapers in the big pyramid tent. One man satoutside with binoculars reporting the progress of the descending party.
“They must be getting to Camp VI,” the watchers said. “They are hidden behind thatserac (ice-pinnacle) with the vertical crack in it – you know the one.” “Two of themare sitting down; now they are up again.” “Only another hour to wait. What are theodds?” At last, soon after 1.30, just as the radio was announcing the reported failure ofthe assault, the party emerged above a rise in the ground 300 yards or so above thecamp, their blue windproof jackets sharp and cheerful against the glistening snow.Hillary and Tensing were leading. All at once it was through the camp by the magicwireless of excitement that Everest had been climbed.
There was a sudden rush up the snow slope in the sunshine to meet the assault party.Hillary, looking extraordinarily fresh, raised his ice axe in greeting. Tensing slippedsideways in the snow and smiled, and in a trice they were surrounded. Hands werewrung ecstatically, photographs taken, there was the whirr of the cine camera, andlaughter interrupted congratulations.
Hillary and Tensing, by now old climbing colleagues, posed with arms interlocked,Hillary’s face aglow but controlled, Tensing’s split with a brilliant smile of pleasure.As the group moved down the hill into the camp a band of Sherpas cam diffidentlyforward to pay tribute to the greatest climber of them all. Like a modest monarch,
1204 5H
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N VV
Tensing received their greeting. Some bent their bodies forward, their hands clasped asin prayer. Some shook hands lightly and delicately, the fingers scarcely touching. Oneveteran, his pigtail flowing, bowed to touch Tensing’s hand with his forehead.
In the pyramid tent, over an omelette served on an aluminium plate, Hillary told thestory of the final climb. It was at 11.30 a.m., 29 May 1953, that they stepped at last onto the snow-covered final eminence of Everest.
Hillary describes this as “a symmetrical, beautiful snow-cone summit” – very differentfrom the harsh rock ridge which is all that can be seen from below. The view was notspectacular. They were too high for good landscape, and all below looked flat andmonotonous.
To the north the route to the summit on which pre-war Everest expeditions pinned theirhopes looked in its upper reaches prohibitively steep. Tensing spent the fifteen minuteson the summit eating mint cake and taking photographs, for which purpose Hillaryremoved his oxygen mask without ill effects. Tensing produced a string ofmiscellaneous flags and held them high, while Hillary photographed them. Theyincluded the Union Jack, the Nepal flag, and that of the United Nations. Tensing, whois a devout Buddhist, also laid on the ground in offering some sweets, bars of chocolate,and packets of biscuits.
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNMM
péÉÅáãÉå=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉd`pb=båÖäáëÜ=_=ENOMQF
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NMN
båÖäáëÜ=_=NOMQ=Oc
pÉÅíáçå=^W=jçÇÉêå=mçÉíêó
NK
få=pìÅÜ=^=qáãÉ=^ë=qÜáëiççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=De~äÑ=é~ëí=qïçD=~åÇ=lkb=çíÜÉê=éçÉã=Ñêçã=få=pìÅÜ=^=qáãÉ=^ë=qÜáëK
têáíÉ=~Äçìí=Üçï=É~ÅÜ=ïêáíÉê=Ü~ë=ÜÉäéÉÇ=óçì=íç=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇW
• íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëD=ÑÉÉäáåÖë• íÜÉ=ÉîÉåíë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇK
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíëK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëD=ÑÉÉäáåÖë• íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=ÉîÉåíë• íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
e~äÑJé~ëí=qïçqÜÉ=ÄçóDë=ÑÉÉäáåÖë qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNK ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=çÑÑÉåÅÉLÄÉáåÖ=éìåáëÜÉÇ pçãÉíÜáåÖ=sÉêó=têçåÖOK Üáë=ÑÉ~ê=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëáíì~íáçå íçç=ëÅ~êÉÇÁPK ~Ñê~áÇ=çÑ=ëéÉ~âáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=íÉ~ÅÜÉê ÅçìäÇ=åçí=ë~ó=DpÜÉ=Ü~ÇåDí
í~ìÖÜí=Üáã=íáãÉDQK âåÉï=íÉ~ÅÜÉê=ï~ë=~åÖêó ÄÉáåÖ=ÅêçëëRK ÑÉÉäáåÖ=ÜÉ=ÇáÇ=åçí=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ=íáãÉ ÅçìäÇåDí=ÅäáÅâ=áíë=ä~åÖì~ÖÉSK ÑÉÉäë=íÜ~í=íáãÉ=áë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=Üáë=êçìíáåÉë ÖÉííáåÖìéíáãÉI=ÉíÅTK êÉ~äáëÉë=ÜÉ=Å~å=ÉëÅ~éÉ äçÅâäÉëë=ä~åÇ=çÑ=ÉîÉêqÜÉ=ÉîÉåíë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇUK ÜÉ=áë=âÉéí=áå=íáää=Ü~äÑJé~ëí=íïç=Ñçê=Üáë=çÑÑÉåÅÉ ãìëí=ëí~ó=áå=íÜÉ=ëÅÜççäJêççãÁVK ÜÉ=Ü~ë=~=äçåÖ=ï~áí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=íÉ~ÅÜÉê ï~áíë=DÄÉóçåÇ=çåÅÉìéçå~DNMK ÜÉ=ÄÉÅçãÉë=~ÄëçêÄÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=ëáÖÜíë=~åÇ=ëãÉääë çäÇ=ÅÜêóë~åíÜÉãìãëÁ=ëáäÉåí
åçáëÉNNK íÉ~ÅÜÉêDë=êÉíìêåI=ïáíÜ=ëìêéêáëÉ Djó=ÖççÇåÉëëÁ=f=ÑçêÖçíÁDNOK íÉääë=Üáã=íç=Öç=ÜçãÉ êìå=~äçåÖ=çê=óçìDää=ÄÉ=ä~íÉNPK ÄêáåÖë=Üáã=Ä~Åâ=áåíç=DêÉ~äD=ïçêäÇ ëäçííÉÇ=Üáã=Ä~Åâ=áåíç=íáãÉ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNMO
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=Déçêíã~åíÉ~ìD=ïçêÇëI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉI=áã~ÖÉêóKk_=cçê=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=éçÉãI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÅÜççëÉ=~åó=lkb=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ëÉÅíáçå=Dfå=pìÅÜ=~qáãÉ=~ë=qÜáëDK=oÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íáÅâÉÇ=Ñçê=É~ÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íïç=ÄìääÉíëK=cçê=íÜÉ=ÑáêëíÉñ~ãéäÉ=çÑ=É~ÅÜI=ã~êâ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=äÉííÉêW=c=Ñçê=ÑÉÉäáåÖëI=~åÇ=b=Ñçê=ÉîÉåíëK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ÄìíïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=~êÉã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=ÉîÉåíë=áåíÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíKmçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑíÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=ÉîÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëéçÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=ÉîÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=áå=~=ï~ó=ïÜáÅÜã~âÉë=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=íç=áääìëíê~íÉ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=ÉîÉåíëáå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíëÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ëÜçïáåÖÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ïêáíáåÖK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑíÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=ÉîÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíëÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=ÉîÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉK=fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=ÉîÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåçÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇáåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NMP
OK
få=pìÅÜ=^=qáãÉ=^ë=qÜáë
iççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=eáÇÉ=~åÇ=pÉÉâ=~åÇ=bäÉÅíêáÅáíó=ÅçãÉë=íç=`çÅç~=_çííçãK=eçï=ÇçÉë=É~ÅÜïêáíÉê=Éå~ÄäÉ=ìë=íç=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ\
cçê=É~ÅÜ=éçÉãI=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅçããÉåí=çåW• íÜÉ=ï~ó=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉ=ëíçêó=ìåÑçäÇë• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=ÜÉäé=óçì=íç=áã~ÖáåÉ=íÜÉ=ÉîÉåíë• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÉåëÉëI=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=ëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ëçìåÇK
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíëK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçïW• ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=å~êê~íáîÉ=áå=É~ÅÜ=éçÉã• ~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=êÉÑÉê=íç=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=îáîáÇ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=íç=áåîçäîÉ=íÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉê• ~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=ã~âÉ=~éí=Åçãé~êáëçåë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ
ÉîÉåíë=çê=áåÅáÇÉåíëK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçáåí=áå=íÜÉã~êÖáåK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=Üçï=íÜÉ=éçÉíë=ìëÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=íç=ÅêÉ~íÉ=íÜÉáêÉÑÑÉÅíëI=~åÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜÉëÉ=ïáíÜ=~å=iK
^åëïÉêë=ã~ó=áåÅäìÇÉ=ëìÅÜ=éçáåíë=~ë=íÜÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖW
eáÇÉ=~åÇ=pÉÉâ_çóëD=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~ë=íÜÉ=Ö~ãÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéë
qÉñíì~ä=bîáÇÉåÅÉ
NK ÉñÅáíÉÇ=~í=ÜáÇáåÖ `~ää=çìíÁOK Å~ìíáçìë ÄÉ=Å~êÉÑìäÁ=ÇçåDí=ÄêÉ~íÜÉPK ~åñáçìë íÜÉóDêÉ=ãçîáåÖ=ÅäçëÉêQK ïçåÇÉêáåÖ=ïÜÉíÜÉê=ÜÉ=ïáää=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ áí=ëÉÉãë=~=äçåÖ=íáãÉRK ÅçäÇ=~åÇ=ëíáÑÑ óçìê=äÉÖë=~êÉ=ëíáÑÑSK íêáìãéÜ~åí=~ë=ÜÉ=ÉãÉêÖÉë fDîÉ=ïçå>=qÜÉó=ãìëí=ÄÉ
íÜáåâáåÖTK ÅÜÉ~íÉÇLÇáë~ééçáåíÉÇ=~í=íÜÉáê=î~åáëÜáåÖ ïÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=íÜÉóÁ\i~åÖì~ÖÉ=ÉîçâáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëÅÉåÉ=~åÇ=~íãçëéÜÉêÉUK ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÜÉÇ ë~ÅâëÁK=ëãÉää=äáâÉ=íÜÉ=ëÉ~ëáÇÉVK Ç~êâåÉëë ë~äíó=Ç~êâNMK ~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÄçóDë=ÜáÇáåÖJéä~ÅÉ íÜÉ=Ñäççê=áë=ÅçäÇNNK ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëìêêçìåÇáåÖ=~êÉ~ ÄìëÜÉë=åÉ~ê=íÜÉ=ëïáåÖNOK íÜÉ=ëçìåÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=~ééêç~ÅÜáåÖ ïÜáëéÉêáåÖ=~í=íÜÉ=ÇççêNPK ÅÜáäÇêÉå=Öç=çÑÑ=íç=çíÜÉê=éä~ÅÉë=íç=ëÉÉâ ä~åÉI=ÖêÉÉåÜçìëÉ^ééÉ~ä=íç=íÜÉ=ëÉåëÉë=çÑ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=íóéÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉNQK ãÉí~éÜçêë ÜáÇÉ=áå=óçìê=ÄäáåÇåÉëë
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNMQ
NRK ëáãáäÉë ëãÉää=äáâÉ=íÜÉ=ëÉ~ëáÇÉNSK éÉêëçåáÑáÅ~íáçå ÅçäÇ=ÄáíÉë=íÜêçìÖÜ=óçìê=Åç~íI
Ç~êâÉåáåÖ=Ö~êÇÉå=ï~íÅÜÉëIÄìëÜÉë=ÜçäÇ=íÜÉáê=ÄêÉ~íÜ
NTK ~ääáíÉê~íáîÉ=îçÅ~Äìä~êó ëçìåÇ=ëç=ÜìëÜÉÇII=Ç~êâ=Ç~ãéëãÉää
NUK ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÉåëÉë EÉÖë=çÑ=ëãÉääI=ëçìåÇI=í~ëíÉIëáÖÜíI=íçìÅÜF
bäÉÅíêáÅáíóqÜÉ=å~êê~íáîÉ=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇ=ëÉèìÉåÅÉ=çÑ=ÉîÉåíë
qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ
NVK ÅÜáäÇêÉå=ï~áíáåÖ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=äáÖÜíë Å~ãéÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=Öê~ëëOMK ïáíÜ=çáä=ä~ãéë ä~ãéë=ÑáääÉÇ=ïáíÜ=çáäONK ï~áíáåÖ=Ñçê=~åÇ=ï~íÅÜáåÖ=ëìåëÉí ï~áíáåÖÁï~íÅÜáåÖÁ=íìêå
óÉääçïI=çê~åÖÉOOK dê~ååáÉ=m~ííÉêëçå=äççâáåÖ=çìí=íÜêçìÖÜ=Çççê éÉÉéÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=Åê~Åâ
Eåçí=ï~åíáåÖ=íç=ÄÉ=ëÉÉåFOPK jê=p~ãìÉä=Ü~ééó=~í=íÜÉ=äáÖÜíë jê=p~ãìÉä=ëãáäáåÖÁOQK ~ã~òÉãÉåí=~í=íÜÉ=ëáÖÜí ~êáëáåÖ=ëìÅÜ=~=Ö~ëéORK ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=~ïÉ=~åÇ=ïçåÇÉê iáÖÜí>=j~êîÉääçìë=äáÖÜí>OSK íÜÉ=ãçãÉåí=é~ëëÉÇI=ìåêÉÅçêÇÉÇ áë=íÜÉêÉ=çåÉ=~ãçåÖ=ìëÁ\=áë
íÜÉêÉ=çåÉ=~ãçåÖ=ìëÁ\OTK ÅÜáäÇêÉå=êÉíìêåÉÇ=ÜçãÉ=áããÉÇá~íÉäó äáí=íÜÉáê=ä~ãéë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Ç~êâ
àçìêåÉóI=íÜÉ=ãçãÉåí=Ü~Çé~ëëÉÇ
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ëÉåëÉëW=ëãÉääI=ëçìåÇI=í~ëíÉI=ëáÖÜíI=íçìÅÜI=ãçîÉãÉåíI=ìëÉçÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉI=îáîáÇ=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=îçÅ~Äìä~êóK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êÖê~ÇÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=Öê~ÇÉ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉK=qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉçîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK=táíÜáå=íÜÉ=Ä~åÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉI=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~ãáåçêáíó=çÑ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=éÉêí~áåáåÖ=íç=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉë=ïáää=ÜÉäé=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉíÜÉ=éêÉÅáëÉ=ã~êâ=íç=ÄÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ÄìíïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇKqÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åíéçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇKqÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑíÜÉ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NMR
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ=~åÇ=ëçãÉ=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉáê=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíKqÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=éçÉíë=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíI~åÇ=ëÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=çå=íÜáëK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑíÜÉ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~êìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑíÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíëÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóIáå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉK=fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑíÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåíéçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóKqÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉéÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNMS
PK=
fÇÉåíáíó
iççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=aáÖÖáåÖ=~åÇ=lkb=çíÜÉê=éçÉã=Ñêçã=fÇÉåíáíó=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=éêÉëÉåíëáÇÉ~ë=çå=íÜÉ=é~ëíK
få=íÜÉëÉ=íïç=éçÉãëI=Üçï=Çç=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêEëFW• éêÉëÉåí=íÜÉáê=îáÉïë=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~ëí• ìëÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=íç=ÉñéêÉëë=íÜÉáê=áÇÉ~ë\
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíëK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=îáÉïë=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~ëí• íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=áå=éìííáåÖ=íÜÉëÉ=îáÉïë=~ÅêçëëK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
aáÖÖáåÖ qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNK ãÉãçêáÉë=çÑ=Üáë=Ñ~íÜÉê=ÇáÖÖáåÖ=éçí~íçÉë píççéáåÖ=áå=êÜóíÜãÁOK îáîáÇ=êÉÅçääÉÅíáçåë=çÑ==íÜÉ=ëé~ÇÉDë=~Åíáçå ëÜ~Ñí=~Ö~áåëí=íÜÉ=áåëáÇÉ=âåÉÉPK Ñ~ãáäó=íê~Çáíáçåë=EÑ~íÜÉêLÖê~åÇÑ~íÜÉêF àìëí=äáâÉ=Üáë=çäÇ=ã~åQK éêáÇÉ=áå=Üáë=~åÅÉëíçêëD=~ÅÜáÉîÉãÉåíë jó=Öê~åÇÑ~íÜÉê=Åìí=ãçêÉ
íìêÑÁRK Öê~éÜáÅ=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=êìê~ä=äáÑÉ=EëçÅá~ä=ÜáëíçêóF káÅâáåÖ=~åÇ=ëäáÅáåÖ=åÉ~íäóSK ÇáÖÖáåÖ=êÉãáåÇë=Üáã=çÑ=ÅÜáäÇÜççÇ ÅçãÉë=ìé=íïÉåíó=óÉ~êë=~ï~óTK ÇáÖÖáåÖ=áë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ÅêÉ~íáîáíó äáîáåÖ=êççíë=~ï~âÉå=áå=ãó
ÜÉ~ÇUK Ñ~ãáäó=Åçåíáåìáíó Á=íç=Ñçääçï=ãÉå=äáâÉ=íÜÉã
lå=E=i=FI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI==áã~ÖÉêóI=ÇáÅíáçåI=ëçìåÇ=EÉÖI=DëèìÉäÅÜ=~åÇ=ëä~é=çÑ=ëçÖÖó=éÉ~íDIDÅäáÅâáåÖ=íçåÖìÉDFI=îáîáÇ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåLãçîÉãÉåíI=íÉÅÜåáÅ~ä=ÇÉí~áäKcÉ~íìêÉ=ëéçííáåÖ=áë=åçí=ÉåçìÖÜ=íç=Ö~áå=ÜáÖÜ=ã~êâëW=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïáää=Éñéä~áå=íÜÉÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜçëÉå=Éñ~ãéäÉëK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NMT
ÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ÄìíïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK==qÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëëçÑ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçíÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=éêÉëÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=îáÉïë=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~ëíKqÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉIÄìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑîáÉïë=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~ëíK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíKpçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëéçÑ=îáÉïë=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~ëíK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíëÉÑÑÉÅíK=pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=áå=~=ï~ó=ïÜáÅÜ=ã~âÉë=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉãë=íç=áääìëíê~íÉ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=îáÉïë=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~ëíK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉéçÉíëÛ=ïêáíáåÖK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑîáÉïë=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~ëíK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìäáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ==îáÉïë=çÑíÜÉ=é~ëíK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇéÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉK=fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçïáåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=îáÉïë=çÑ=íÜÉé~ëíK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇçêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇáíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNMU
QK
fÇÉåíáíó
iççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=t~êåáåÖ=~åÇ=f=ëÜ~ää=é~áåí=ãó=å~áäë=êÉÇK==eçï=ÇçÉë=É~ÅÜ=éçÉí=ëìêéêáëÉ=íÜÉêÉ~ÇÉê\
vçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅçããÉåí=çåW• Üçï=íÜÉ=ïçãÉåDë=~ííáíìÇÉë=ÇáÑÑÉê=Ñêçã=íÜçëÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ• ëìêéêáëáåÖ=ÅÜçáÅÉë=çÑ=ïçêÇë• íÜÉ=éáÅíìêÉë=íÜ~í=~êÉ=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=ïçêÇëK
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíëK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=ëìêéêáëáåÖ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëD=îáÉïë=~Äçìí=äáÑÉ• íÜÉ=ï~ó=íÜÉáê=~ííáíìÇÉë=~êÉ=ÉñéäçêÉÇ• íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
t~êåáåÖ qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNK äáâÉë=íç=ëÜçÅâLêÉÄÉääáçìë ëÜ~ää=ïÉ~ê=éìêéäÉI=éáÅâ=íÜÉ
ÑäçïÉêëOK ÇÉÑá~åí ÉÖI=f=ëÜ~ää=ëáí=ÇçïåPK ÑÉÉäë=ÜÉããÉÇ=áå=Äó=ëçÅáÉíóDë=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë åçï=ïÉ=ãìëí=Ü~îÉ=ÅäçíÜÉëÁ
ÑêáÉåÇë=íç=ÇáååÉêQK ÇçÉë=åçí=ï~åí=íç=ÄÉ=ëÉåëáÄäÉ ã~âÉ=ìé=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ëçÄêáÉíóÁRK ï~åíë=íç=ÇçLïÉ~êLÉ~í=ïÜ~í=ëÜÉ=äáâÉë óçì=Å~å=ïÉ~êÁK=^åÇ=É~íSK ï~åíë=íç=ëí~êí=ÅÜ~åÖáåÖ=åçï=áå=éêÉé~ê~íáçå f=çìÖÜí=íç=éê~ÅíáëÉf=pÜ~ää=m~áåí=jó=k~áäë=oÉÇTK ÇÉÑá~åíLã~âáåÖ=~=ëíêçåÖ=ëí~íÉãÉåí íÜÉ=íáíäÉI=~=ëìêîáîçêUK ÅÜÉÉê=ìé=äáÑÉLéÉçéäÉ éìÄäáÅ=ëÉêîáÅÉVK éêçìÇ=çÑ=ÄÉáåÖ=~=ïçã~å éêçìÇ=çÑ=Ü~åÇëÁfDã=~=ïçã~åNMK ï~åíë=íç=ëÜçÅâ=Ç~ìÖÜíÉê ìÖÜNNK ï~åíë=íç=ëÜçÅâ=äçîÉê ãó=äçîÉê=ïáää=ÄÉ=ëìêéêáëÉÇNOK ï~åíë=~=èìáÅâ=Äìí=íÉãéçê~êó=ÅÜ~åÖÉ íÉåJãáåìíÉI=êÉîÉêëáÄäÉ
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉ=EÜìãçìêI=ÇÉÑá~åÅÉI=ÉíÅFI=îáîáÇ=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑîçÅ~Äìä~êóK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NMV
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êÖê~ÇÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=Öê~ÇÉ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉK=qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉçîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK=táíÜáå=íÜÉ=Ä~åÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉI=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~ãáåçêáíó=çÑ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=éÉêí~áåáåÖ=íç=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉë=ïáää=ÜÉäé=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉíÜÉ=éêÉÅáëÉ=ã~êâ=íç=ÄÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ÄìíïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=áÇÉ~ë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëKqÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ü~åÇäáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉäÉãÉåí=çÑëìêéêáëÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíKmçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÜ~åÇäáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉäÉãÉåí=çÑ=ëìêéêáëÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉÜ~åÇäáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉäÉãÉåí=çÑ=ëìêéêáëÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉìëÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=éçÉíë=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíI=~åÇ=ëÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=çå=íÜáëK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉÜ~åÇäáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉäÉãÉåí=çÑ=ëìêéêáëÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉéçÉãK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÜ~åÇäáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉäÉãÉåí=çÑ=ëìêéêáëÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äIïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÜ~åÇäáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉäÉãÉåí=çÑ=ëìêéêáëÉK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉK=fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉÜ~åÇäáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉäÉãÉåí=çÑ=ëìêéêáëÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑíÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNNM
RK
k~íìêÉ
iççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=kÉííäÉë=~åÇ=qÜáëíäÉëK=eçï=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=Çç=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêë=ìëÉ=íÜÉëÉ=ÉîÉêóÇ~óéä~åíë=íç=éêÉëÉåí=íÜÉáê=áÇÉ~ë\
vçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅçããÉåí=çåW• Üçï=É~ÅÜ=ïêáíÉê=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉë=íÜÉ=éä~åíë• íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêëÛ=íÜçìÖÜíë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=éä~åíëK
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíëK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=éä~åíë• ìåìëì~ä=~ëéÉÅíë=çÑ=íÜáë• íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=áå=ÅêÉ~íáåÖ=ëíêáâáåÖ=áã~ÖÉëK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
kÉííäÉë qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNK ÇáëÅìëëáçå=çÑ=DÄÉÇD=~ë=ëçãÉíÜáåÖ==åçí=ÅçãÑçêíáåÖ DÄÉÇD=ëÉÉãÉÇ=~=Åìêáçìë=å~ãÉÁOK ãáäáí~êó=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=Ñçê=åÉííäÉë=Eëìëí~áåÉÇ
ãÉí~éÜçêFÖêÉÉå=ëéÉ~êëÁ=êÉÖáãÉåíI=ÉíÅ
PK ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=åÉííäÉë=çå=Äçó ïÜáíÉ=ÄäáëíÉêë=ÄÉ~ÇÉÇ=E~ääáíKFQK ~åÖêó=~íí~Åâ=çå=íÜÉ=åÉííäÉë=~ë=íÜÉ=ÉåÉãó pçäÇáÉêë=ëä~ëÜÉÇ=áå=ÑìêóÁ=ÑáÉêÅÉ
é~ê~ÇÉRK áÇÉ~=çÑ=ÄìêåáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÇÉ~Ç=DëçäÇáÉêëD ÑìåÉê~ä=éóêÉSK ÇáëÅçîÉêó=çÑ=DêÉáåÑçêÅÉãÉåíëD í~ää=êÉÅêìáíëqÜáëíäÉë qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉTK íÜÉ=ëíêÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÖêçïáåÖ=íÜáëíäÉë ëéáâÉ=íÜÉ=ëìããÉê=~áêÁ=Åê~ÅâäÉ
çéÉåÁUK íÜÉ=áÇÉ~=çÑ=êÉJÄáêíÜI=åÉï=äáÑÉ ~=êÉîÉåÖÉÑìä=Äìêëí=çÑ
êÉëìêêÉÅíáçåVK íÜÉ=ï~êäáâÉ=áã~ÖÉêó ëéäáåíÉêÉÇ=ïÉ~éçåëX=éäìãÉ=çÑ
ÄäççÇI=ÉíÅNMK îáâáåÖ=áã~ÖÉêó ÇÉÅ~óÉÇ=sáâáåÖÁ=é~äÉ=Ü~áêNNK ~ÖÉáåÖ=éêçÅÉëë Öêçï=ÖêÉó=äáâÉ=ãÉåNOK êÉëáäáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=å~íìê~ä=ÅóÅäÉ ÑáÖÜíáåÖ=Ä~ÅâÁ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NNN
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=ëÜçï=~=ëçìåÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=îáëì~ä=~åÇ=çíÜÉê=áã~ÖÉëKtÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åíÉñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉI=ã~êâáåÖ=íÜÉëÉ=ïáíÜ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåK
k_ `~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÄÉ=êÉï~êÇÉÇ=Ñçê=~=Åçãé~ê~íáîÉäó=ëã~ää=åìãÄÉê=çÑéçáåíë=áÑ=íÜÉëÉ=~êÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~åÇ=ëìééçêíÉÇ=Äó=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñí=~åÇ=áÑíÜÉêÉ=áë=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=èì~äáíóK=nìçí~íáçåë=çê=ÅäçëÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=EÉÖ=äáåÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉëáå=Äê~ÅâÉíëF=~êÉ=Éèì~ääó=~ÅÅÉéí~ÄäÉK
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=áã~ÖÉë=ïÜáÅÜ~êÉ=é~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=ÇÉëÅêáéíáîÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=áå=êÉä~íáçå=íç=íÜÉ=éä~åíëI=íçåÉK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=Äìí=ïáíÜÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëëçÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçíÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=éä~åíëáå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíKmçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉíêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=éä~åíë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëéçÑ=íÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=éä~åíë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áå=ÅêÉ~íáåÖ=ëíêáâáåÖ=áã~ÖÉëK=pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉã~ÇÉ=áå=~=ï~ó=ïÜáÅÜ=ã~âÉë=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=íç=áääìëíê~íÉ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=éä~åíëáå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áåÅêÉ~íáåÖ=ëíêáâáåÖ=áã~ÖÉëK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉéçÉãëI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ïêáíáåÖK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑíÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=éä~åíë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áåÅêÉ~íáåÖ=ëíêáâáåÖ=áã~ÖÉëK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑíÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=éä~åíë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉK=fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áå=ÅêÉ~íáåÖ=ëíêáâáåÖ=áã~ÖÉë=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNNO
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåíçÑ=íÜÉ=éä~åíë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜÅä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áå=ÅêÉ~íáåÖ=ëíêáâáåÖ=áã~ÖÉë=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NNP
SK
k~íìêÉ
iççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=qÜÉ=qÜçìÖÜíJcçñ=~åÇ=lkb=çíÜÉê=éçÉã=Ñêçã=k~íìêÉ=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉ=éçÉí=Ü~ëí~âÉå=~=äáîáåÖ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉ=~ë=íÜÉ=ëí~êíáåÖJéçáåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãK
eçï=ÅäÉ~ê=~=éáÅíìêÉ=áë=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉ=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉ=áå=É~ÅÜéçÉã\
vçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅçããÉåí=çåW• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=îáîáÇ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ• íÜÉ=ÇÉí~áä=áå=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåK
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíëK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=îáîáÇ=ÇÉí~áä=áå=íÜÉ=éáÅíìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉëD=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉ• íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=îáîáÇ=ÇÉí~áä=áå=íÜÉ=éáÅíìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉëD=ãçîÉãÉåíë• íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
qÜÉ=qÜçìÖÜíJcçñ qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNK ÅäçëÉ=ìé=çå=ÑáåÉ=ãçîÉãÉåíë=çÑ=ÑçñDë
åçëÉÇÉäáÅ~íÉäóÁ=íçìÅÜÉë=íïáÖI=äÉ~Ñ
OK éêÉÅáëÉ=ãçîÉãÉåí=çÑ==Ñçñ=áå=ëåçï ëÉíë=åÉ~í=éêáåíëÁPK áåáíá~ääó=Å~ìíáçìë ï~êáäóÁKQK ãçîÉë=ïáíÜ=áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ
~ìÇ~ÅáíóLÅçåÑáÇÉåÅÉ~=ÄçÇó=íÜ~í=áë=ÄçäÇÁ
RK ÑçÅìëÉë=çå=ÑçñDë=ÉóÉë ~=ïáÇÉåáåÖI=ÇÉÉéÉåáåÖ=ÖêÉÉååÉëë
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉI=ãÉí~éÜçêëI=ëáãáäÉëI=ÇÉí~áäI=ìëÉ=çÑ=ëÉåëÉëEëáÖÜíI=ëçìåÇI=ëãÉääFI=çåçã~íçéçÉá~KoÉï~êÇ=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~ó=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉ=ÑçñDë=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëóãÄçäáÅ~ääóêÉéêÉëÉåíë=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉëë=çÑ=äáíÉê~êó=ÅêÉ~íáîáíó=EíÜçìÖÜíJÑçñFK
k_=cçê=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=éçÉãI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÅÜççëÉ=~åó=lkb=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ëÉÅíáçå=Dk~íìêÉDKoÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íáÅâÉÇ=Ñçê=É~ÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÜêÉÉ=ÄìääÉíëK=cçê=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=Éñ~ãéäÉ=çÑÉ~ÅÜI=ã~êâ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=äÉííÉêW=^=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉëD=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉI=j=Ñçê=íÜÉÅêÉ~íìêÉëD=ãçîÉãÉåíë=~åÇ=i=Ñçê=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNNQ
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êÖê~ÇÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=Öê~ÇÉ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉK=qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉçîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK=táíÜáå=íÜÉ=Ä~åÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉI=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~ãáåçêáíó=çÑ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=éÉêí~áåáåÖ=íç=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉë=ïáää=ÜÉäé=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉíÜÉ=éêÉÅáëÉ=ã~êâ=íç=ÄÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ÄìíïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉëKqÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=~åÇ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉÅêÉ~íìêÉëD=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉ=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉëD=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉ=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëëçÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉëD=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉ=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áêìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉáå=~=ï~ó=ïÜáÅÜ=ã~âÉë=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=íç=áääìëíê~íÉ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ìëÉ=çÑä~åÖì~ÖÉK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉëD=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉ=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~êìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑíÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉëD=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉ=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~êçêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=ÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉëD=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉ=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåíëK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉKfåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉëD=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉ=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íçéêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉéÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NNR
pÉÅíáçå=_W=aáÑÑÉêÉåí=ÅìäíìêÉë=~åÇ=íê~Çáíáçåë
OKqÜÉ=ëíçêáÉë=sÉêçåáÅ~=~åÇ=`çìåíêó=içîÉêë=äççâ=~í=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉåáå=^ÑêáÅ~K
eçï=~êÉ=íÜÉ=ïçãÉå=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ëíçêáÉë\
vçì=ã~ó=ÅçåëáÇÉê=íÜÉáêW• íÜÉ=ïçãÉåÛë=Ä~ÅâÖêçìåÇë=~åÇ=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå• íÜÉáê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïáíÜ=ãÉå• íÜÉáê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïáíÜ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå• ïçêÇë=~åÇ=éÜê~ëÉë=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ=íÜÉ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=äáîÉëK
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíëK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñí• Éî~äì~íÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=äáåÖìáëíáÅI=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇ=éêÉëÉåí~íáçå~ä=ÇÉîáÅÉëK
`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=ÄÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íçW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÉñíë• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíëK
qÜÉó=ïáää=~äëç=ÄÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ=~åÇ=Éî~äì~íÉ=Üçï=ïêáíÉêë=ìëÉW• äáåÖìáëíáÅ=ÇÉîáÅÉë• ëíêìÅíìê~ä=ÇÉîáÅÉë
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ÑçÅìë=ÅäÉ~êäó=çå=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ëÜçï=ëçãÉìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅìäíìêÉ=íÜ~í=Ü~ë=ÜÉäéÉÇ=íç=ÅêÉ~íÉ=íÜÉãK=dççÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éêçãéíëïáää=ÄÉ=ã~ÇÉK==qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ïáää=~ÅâåçïäÉÇÖÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=íçí~ä=éáÅíìêÉ=çÑ=É~ÅÜ=ïçã~å=ïáääÅçãÉ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=ëÜçïáåÖ=ïÜ~í=íÜÉó=ë~óI=ïÜ~í=íÜÉó=ÇçI=Üçï=íÜÉó=êÉëéçåÇ=íç=çíÜÉêë~åÇ=Üçï=íÜÉó=ÇÉ~ä=ïáíÜ=ÉîÉåíëK===fí=ïáää=êÉîÉ~ä=Üçï=íÜÉ=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=ÇÉÉéäó=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ=ÄóíÜÉ=Åçåëíê~áåíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëçÅáÉíó=íÜ~í=íÜÉó=~êÉ=Äçêå=áåíçK==qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ïáää=Çê~ï=ÅçåÅäìëáçåëÑêçã=ÄçíÜ=íÜÉ=ëáãáä~êáíáÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=íïç=ëíçêáÉëK==fí=ïáää=~äëç=äççâ=~í=ÜçïíÜÉáê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïáíÜ=ãÉå=~ÑÑÉÅí=íÜÉáê=äáîÉëK
sÉêçåáÅ~
`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=êÉÅçÖåáëÉ=íÜ~í=íÜáë=ëíçêó=äÉ~îÉë=ãìÅÜ=ìåÉãÄÉääáëÜÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêëçåäó=ëâÉíÅÜÉÇ=áåK==qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=Ç~åÖÉê=íÜ~í=ëçãÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=~ÅÅÉéí=íÜÉ=ãçê~ä=éçáåíë=çÑíÜÉ=å~êê~íçêK=pçãÉ=ïáää=íêó=íç=ÇáîáåÉ=íÜÉ=áåíÉåíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêK
bÇìÅ~íáçåWsÉêçåáÅ~=áë=äÉÑí=áå=íÜÉ=îáää~ÖÉI=íÜÉ=çåäó=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå=ëÜÉ=áë=ÖáîÉå=áë=àìëí=ÉåçìÖÜ=íç=ÑìäÑáä=ÜÉêÇìíáÉë=áå=íÜ~í=ëçÅáÉíóK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNNS
oÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïáíÜ=ãÉåWeÉê=Ñ~íÜÉê=~ÄìëÉë=ÜÉêKlâÉâÉ=~Ä~åÇçåë=ÜÉê=~åÇ=áë=åçí=ëÉåëáíáîÉ=ÉåçìÖÜ=íç=ëÉÉ=ÜÉê=åÉÉÇëKeÉê=ÜìëÄ~åÇI=~=ëÜ~Ççïó=ÑáÖìêÉI=ÇáÉë=~åÇ=éä~óë=äáííäÉ=é~êí=áå=ÜÉê=äáÑÉK
oÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïáíÜ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåWíÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇ=ÇáÉë=~åÇ=ÇçÉë=åçí=ëÉÉã=íç=Ü~îÉ=~å=áãé~Åí=çå=sÉêçåáÅ~K
_~ÅâÖêçìåÇëWsÉêçåáÅ~=Öêçïë=çìí=çÑ=ÜÉê=Ä~ÅâÖêçìåÇ=~åÇ=áë=ãçìäÇÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=ÅÉåíìêáÉë=çÑ=íê~ÇáíáçåKpÜÉ=áë=ÜÉäÇ=áå=éä~ÅÉ=Äó=íÜÉ=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜçëÉ=~êçìåÇ=ÜÉê=~åÇ=ÜÉê=ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=Çìíó=íçÑ~ãáäóK
`çìåíêó=içîÉêë
qÜÉ=ëíçêó=áë=äçåÖÉê=~åÇ=ãçêÉ=ÅçãéêÉÜÉåëáîÉ=íÜ~å=sÉêçåáÅ~K=qÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=ÖáîÉë=ãçêÉ=ÇÉí~áä~åÇ=íÜÉ=pçìíÜ=^ÑêáÅ~å=Ä~ÅâÖêçìåÇ=áë=Çê~ïå=ãçêÉ=ÅäÉ~êäóK=qÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉê=Ü~ë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=áÇÉ~=çÑíÜÉ=Ñäçê~=~åÇ=Ñ~ìå~=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=Åáíó=äáÑÉK=qÜÉ=ëíçêó=áë=ã~âáåÖ=~=éçäÉãáÅ~ä=éçáåí=~Äçìí=íÜÉÅçêêçëáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=ê~ÅÉ=êÉä~íáçåë=Äìí=áí=ÇçÉë=áí=íÜêçìÖÜ=~=ëáãéäÉ=ëíçêóI=ëáãéäó=íçäÇK=pçãÉÅ~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=êÉÅçÖåáëÉ=íÜÉ=çãåáëÅáÉåí=ëí~åÅÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëíçêó=íÉääÉêK
bÇìÅ~íáçåWqÜÉÄÉÇá=áë=çééêÉëëÉÇ=~åÇ=ÖáîÉå=àìëí=ÉåçìÖÜ=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå=ëç=íÜ~í=ëÜÉ=Å~å=ÑìåÅíáçå=áå=íÜÉîáää~ÖÉ=ëçÅáÉíó=~åÇ=áå=íÜÉ=âê~~äK
oÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïáíÜ=ãÉåWqÜÉÄÉÇá==áë=ìå~ÄäÉ=íç=ÄÉ=éêç~ÅíáîÉ=áå=ÜÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ïáíÜ=m~ìäìë=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=çÑ=Üáë“ëìéÉêáçêáíóÒKqÜÉÄÉÇáÛë=êÉ~Åíáçå=íç=íÜÉ=ÇÉ~íÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ä~Äó=Å~å=äÉ~Ç=íç=ëçãÉ=ëéÉÅìä~íáçåK==fë=ëÜÉÅçãéäáÅáí\qÜÉÄÉÇá=áë=Ñ~í~äáëíáÅK
oÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïáíÜ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåWqÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇ=áë=ÅÉåíê~ä=íç=íÜÉ=ëíçêó=ÜÉêÉK
_~ÅâÖêçìåÇëWqÜÉ=êáÅÜ=ïÜáíÉ=Ñ~êã=Åçããìåáíó=~åÇ=íÜÉ=éêáîáäÉÖÉ=çÑ=íÜçëÉ=ïÜç=äáîÉ=íÜÉêÉI=íÜÉ=áÇóääáÅÅçìåíêóëáÇÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ê=~ï~ó=Åáíó=~åÇ=ÅçääÉÖÉëK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NNT
qÜÉ=Ú_Éëí=cáíÛ=^ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçêë
MJN qÜÉêÉ=ïáää=ÄÉ=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáåÖ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖKO=Ó=Q qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëìÄàÉÅí=ã~ííÉê=çÑ=íÜÉ=íïç=ëíçêáÉëK
pçãÉ=ÉãÄêóçåáÅ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=Äìí=ïáíÜçìí=ÉñÉãéäáÑáÅ~íáçåK=qÜÉ=éêçãéíë=ïáää=ÄÉÇÉ~äí=ïáíÜ=~í=íÜÉ=ãçëí=Ä~ëáÅ=äÉîÉäK
RJT qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=ëçãÉ=êìÇáãÉåí~êó=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=ÅêÉ~íÉíÜÉ=éáÅíìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçãÉåK==^=ÑÉï=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=çå=íÜÉ=éêçãéíë=ïáää=ÄÉ=ã~ÇÉKqÜÉÄÉÇá=~åÇ=sÉêçåáÅ~=ïáää=ÄÉ=ïêáííÉå=~Äçìí=éêáã~êáäó=~ë=îáÅíáãëK==qÜÉó=ïáää=ÄÉ=ëÉÉå~äãçëí=~é~êí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ïçêäÇ=íÜÉó=áåÜ~ÄáíK
UJNM qÜÉêÉ=ïáää=ÄÉ=~=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=Äìí=åçí=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~ííÉãéí=íç=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ=ëçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉÑ~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=ÜÉäé=íç=ÖáîÉ=~=éáÅíìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçãÉåW=qÜÉÄÉÇá=~åÇ=sáÅíçêá~K==pçãÉ=î~äáÇéçáåíë=çå=É~ÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éêçãéíë=ïáää=ÄÉ=ã~ÇÉK==jçëí=éçáåíë=ã~ÇÉ=ïáää=éêçÄ~Ääó=ÄÉ~ëëÉêíáçåëI=ã~áåäó=ÅçêêÉÅíI=åçí=Ä~ÅâÉÇ=Äó=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉK
NNJNP qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ïáää=Ü~îÉ=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ïÉääJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉéçêíê~ó~ä=çÑ=íÜÉ=íïç=ïçãÉåK==pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=éçêíê~ó~äë=ïáää=ÄÉã~ÇÉ=áå=~=ï~ó=íÜ~í=ã~âÉë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìëÉ=çÑ=Éñ~ãéäÉëK==qÜÉ=éêçãéíë=ïáää=ÄÉ=ïÉää=ìëÉÇK
NQJNS qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ïáää=Ü~îÉ=~=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=ïÉääJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçêíê~ó~ä=çÑ=íÜÉ=íïçïçãÉåK==pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~Äçìí=qÜÉÄÉÇá=~åÇ=sáÅíçêá~=ïáää=ÄÉ=ã~ÇÉ=áå=~=ï~óíÜ~í=ã~âÉë=~=ÖççÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=Éñ~ãéäÉëK==qÜÉ=éêçãéíë=ïáää=ÄÉ=ïÉää=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK==`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=ÄÉ=~ííÉãéíáåÖ=íç=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ=íÜÉ=“ÜçïÒ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêìëÉë=íÜÉ=ëÉííáåÖ=íç=ÄêáåÖ=çìí=~ëéÉÅíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçãÉåÛë=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=íÜÉáêÑ~í~äáëã=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=é~ëëáîáíóK==k~êê~íáîÉ=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=íçìÅÜÉÇ=ìéçåK
NTJNV ^åëïÉêë=ïáää=êÉîÉ~ä=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçêíê~ó~ä=çÑíÜÉ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ïáää=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ=åì~åÅÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íçåÉK=qÜÉêÉ=ïáää=ÄÉ=~=ÅäÉ~êìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êçäÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëçÅáÉíó=~åÇ=áíë=áãé~Åí=çå=íÜÉ=ïçãÉåK=píêìÅíìêÉã~ó=ïÉää=ÄÉ=ÅçããÉåíÉÇ=çåK==qÜÉêÉ=ïáää=ÄÉ=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=ã~íÉêá~äK
OMJ=OO qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ïáää=çÑÑÉê=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉéçêíê~ó~ä=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇíçåÉK==qÜÉêÉ=ïáää=ÄÉ=ã~íìêÉ=ÅçããÉåíë=çå=É~ÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éêçãéíëK===^åëïÉêë=~í=íÜáëäÉîÉä=ã~ó=ïÉää=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=å~êê~íáîÉ=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=~ÑÑÉÅíë=Üçï=íÜÉêÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=~êÉ=éçêíê~óÉÇK==qÜÉêÉ=ã~ó=ÄÉ=~=ÑçÅìë=çå=íÜÉ=ãÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ“êÉä~íáçåëÜáéÒK==`çìäÇ=ÄÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=íç=îáää~ÖÉI=íç=Ñ~ãáäóI=íç=íê~Çáíáçå=íç=íÜÉéçäáíáÅ~ä=ëáíì~íáçåK==`çåíê~ëí=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=Üìã~å=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïáää=ÄÉ=åçíÉÇ=~åÇÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇK
OPJOR ^åëïÉêë=ïáää=ÄÉ=áåëáÖÜíÑìä=~åÇ=ëìêéêáëÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ÇÉéíÜ=çÑ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉêÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK==qÜÉó=ïáää=ÑçÅìë=çå=Üçï=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêë=ÅêÉ~íÉ=íÜçëÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK`çåíê~ëí=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïáää=ÄÉ=åçíÉÇ=~åÇ=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇK==qÜÉ=ÉñíÉåí=çÑÅçêêçëáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=éêÉàìÇáÅÉ=ã~ó=ÄÉ=ÅçããÉåíÉÇK==`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=äççâ=~í=íÜÉáå~Äáäáíó=çÑ=ëçãÉ=ïçãÉå=íç=ÉñéêÉëë=íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=~åÇ=íç=ÄÉ=éêç~ÅíáîÉK==qÜÉ=Åçåíê~ëíÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=ëí~êí=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ïÉ~êáåÉëë=~åÇ=ÇÉëé~áê=çÑ=íÜÉÉåÇáåÖë=ã~ó=ÄÉ=åçíÉÇK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNNU
pÉÅíáçå=`W=têáíáåÖ=íç=áåÑçêãI=Éñéä~áåI=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ
UK
`çåëáÇÉê=~=ëáíì~íáçå=ïÜÉå=óçì=ÑÉäí=óçì=ïÉêÉ=íêÉ~íÉÇ=ìåÑ~áêäóK=bñéä~áå=Ñìääó=ïÜó=óçìÑÉäí=óçìê=íêÉ~íãÉåí=ï~ë=ìåÑ~áêK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉ`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=Éñéä~áå=íÜÉáê=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=éÉêëçå~ä=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉK=kç=Ñçêãçê=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=áë=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇK=tÉ~âÉê=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïáää=ÑçÅìë=çå=~=å~êê~íáîÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåíX=ãçêÉëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïáää=~ÇÇêÉëë=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=“Éñéä~áåÒ=~åÇ=“ïÜóÒK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• fÇÉåíáÑáÉë=~=êÉäÉî~åí=ëáíì~íáçå• dáîÉë=~=å~êê~íáîÉ=~ÅÅçìåí• mÉêÜ~éë=åÉÖäÉÅíë=íÜÉ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=çÑ=“ìåÑ~áêÒ• i~Åâë=~=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=ëíêìÅíìêÉ• lÑÑÉêë=~=ëìéÉêÑáÅá~ä=êÉëéçåëÉI=ä~ÅâáåÖ=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ
íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• ^ÅÜáÉîÉë=~=Ä~ä~åÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=å~êê~íáîÉ=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=ëáíì~íáçå=~åÇ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=çÑ
“ìåÑ~áêÒ• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ• mêçîáÇÉë=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=ïÜáÅÜ=êÉÑäÉÅíë=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• rëÉë=Å~êÉÑìääó=ÅÜçëÉå=Éñéä~å~íçêó=ä~åÖì~ÖÉI=ÑçÅìëáåÖ=çå=íÜÉ=“ïÜóÒ=çÑ=íÜÉ
èìÉëíáçå• pÜçïë=áåëáÖÜí=áåíç=íÜÉ=ëáíì~íáçåX=áë=éÉêÜ~éë=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÅçåëáÇÉê=çíÜÉêëÛ=îáÉïéçáåíë• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=ïáíÜ=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉ=~å=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=çéÉåáåÖ=~åÇ=ÉåÇáåÖ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=NJRK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NNV
VK
vçì=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=ïêçåÖäó=~ÅÅìëÉÇ=Äó=~=íÉ~ÅÜÉê=çÑ=Ç~ã~ÖáåÖ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=áå=~=pÅáÉåÅÉä~Äçê~íçêóK
têáíÉ=~=äÉííÉê=íç=óçìê=ÜÉ~ÇíÉ~ÅÜÉê=Éñéä~áåáåÖ=ïÜó=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=åçí=Ü~îÉ=íç=Çç=~ÇÉíÉåíáçå=~åÇ=ïÜ~í=óçì=âåçï=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=áåÅáÇÉåíK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉ`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=Éñéä~áå=~åÇ=áåÑçêãI=~ÇçéíáåÖ=~=ëíóäÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=íç=~Ñçêã~ä=äÉííÉê=íç=~=ÜÉ~ÇíÉ~ÅÜÉêK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• dáîÉë=ëíê~áÖÜíÑçêï~êÇ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=çÑ=êçäÉ=áå=íÜÉ=áåÅáÇÉåíK• i~Åâë=~=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=ëíêìÅíìêÉ• mÉêÜ~éë=ïêáííÉå=áå=áå~ééêçéêá~íÉäó=áåÑçêã~ä=ëíóäÉ• lÑÑÉêë=~=ëìéÉêÑáÅá~ä=êÉëéçåëÉI=ä~ÅâáåÖ=ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=éìêéçëÉ
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• aÉëÅêáÄÉë=ÅäÉ~êäó=êçäÉ=áå=íÜÉ=~ääÉÖÉÇ=áåÅáÇÉåí• dáîÉë=Ñìää=Éñéä~å~íáçå=~ë=íç=ïÜó=~=éìåáëÜãÉåí=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=áå~ééêçéêá~íÉ• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ• mêçîáÇÉë=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=áå=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ëíóäÉ=~åÇ=íçåÉ
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=R=~åÇ=SF• rëÉë=Å~êÉÑìääó=ÅÜçëÉå=Éñéä~å~íçêó=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ• ^Ççéíë=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=íçåÉ=~åÇ=ëíóäÉ=Ñçê=ëìÅÜ=~=äÉííÉêI=éÉêÜ~éë=ÉãéäçóáåÖ
ÜìãçìêLáêçåó• bñéä~áåë=ÅçåîáåÅáåÖäó=ïÜó=~=éìåáëÜãÉåí=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìåÑ~áê• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=ïáíÜ=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=çéÉåáåÖ=~åÇ=ÉåÇáåÖ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=NJRK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNOM
båÖäáëÜ=_=NOMQ=Pc
pÉÅíáçå=^W=råéêÉé~êÉÇ=kçåJÑáÅíáçå
NoÉ~Ç=íÜÉ=é~ëë~ÖÉ=Å~ääÉÇ=háÇå~ééÉÇK=tÜ~í=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÇçÉë=qÉêêó=t~áíÉ=ÖáîÉ=çÑ=íÜÉÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=ÄÉáåÖ=âáÇå~ééÉÇ\
vçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ïêáíÉ=~ÄçìíW• Üçï=qÉêêó=t~áíÉ=ÄÉÖáåë=íç=êÉ~äáëÉ=íÜ~í=ÜÉ=ã~ó=ÜáãëÉäÑ=ÄÉÅçãÉ=~=âáÇå~é=îáÅíáã• íÜÉ=Çá~äçÖìÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=t~áíÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=âáÇå~ééÉêë• íÜÉ=ÅçåÇáíáçåë=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=t~áíÉ=áë=ÜÉäÇ• ïÜ~í=t~áíÉ=íÉääë=ìë=~Äçìí=Üáë=çïå=íÜçìÖÜíë=~åÇ=ÑÉÉäáåÖëK
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• Éî~äì~íÉ=Üçï=áåÑçêã~íáçå=áë=éêÉëÉåíÉÇK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• áÇÉåíáÑó=áãéäáÅ~íáçåë• ëÉäÉÅí=ã~íÉêá~ä=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=íç=éìêéçëÉK
^=êÉäÉî~åí=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ÑçÅìë=çåW• íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêDë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=âáÇå~ééáåÖ=~ë=êÉîÉ~äÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=é~ëë~ÖÉ• íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=~åÇ=áãéêÉëëáçåë=ÅçåîÉóÉÇ=Äó=é~êíáÅìä~ê=~ëéÉÅíë=çÑ=ÅçåíÉåí=~åÇ
ä~åÖì~ÖÉ• Éñéä~áåáåÖ=~åÇ=àìëíáÑóáåÖ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä• ìëáåÖ=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=íç=ëìÄëí~åíá~íÉ=éçáåíë=ã~ÇÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=ëÜçï=~=ëçìåÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÉñí=~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉèìÉëíáçåK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=éçáåíë=~åÇ=êÉäÉî~åí=ÅçããÉåíëK=`çîÉê~ÖÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÄìääÉíéçáåí=ÜÉ~ÇáåÖë=áå=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉëD=~åëïÉêë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=áÇÉåíáÑáÉÇ=Äó=éä~ÅáåÖ=Å~éáí~ä=äÉííÉêë=áåíÜÉ=ã~êÖáåW
hs= qtDë=êÉ~äáë~íáçå=íÜ~í=ÜÉ=ã~ó=ÜáãëÉäÑ=ÄÉÅçãÉ=~=âáÇå~é=îáÅíáãa= Çá~äçÖìÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=qt=~åÇ=íÜÉ=âáÇå~ééÉêë`= ÅçåÇáíáçåë=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=qt=áë=ÜÉäÇqfc qtDë=íÜçìÖÜíë=~åÇ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë
`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=ÑêÉÉ=íç=ëÉäÉÅí=~åÇ=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÉñíì~ä=ÇÉí~áäë=áå=~=î~êáÉíó=çÑ=ï~óëKqÜÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖ=ëÉÅíáçå=áääìëíê~íÉë=ëçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçëëáÄäÉ=éçáåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~óã~âÉI=Äìí=Éñ~ãáåÉêë=ëÜçìäÇ=Éî~äì~íÉ=çíÜÉê=êÉëéçåëÉë=çå=íÜÉáê=ãÉêáíëK=fí=áëáãéçêí~åí=íç=ÄÉ=~äÉêí=íç=ìåìëì~ä=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉ=ïÉää=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=~åÇëìÄëí~åíá~íÉÇ=Äó=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉK=`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íçÅçããÉåí=çå=~ää=Ñçìê=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÄìääÉí=éçáåí=íçéáÅë=Äìí=íÜÉó=ã~ó=ÄÉ=êÉï~êÇÉÇ=Ñçê=~Åçãé~ê~íáîÉäó=ëã~ää=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=éçáåíë=áÑ=íÜÉëÉ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~åÇëìééçêíÉÇ=Äó=ïÉääJÅÜçëÉå=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NON
eçï=qt=ÄÉÖáåë=íç=êÉ~äáëÉ=íÜ~í=ÜÉ=ã~ó=ÜáãëÉäÑ=ÄÉÅçãÉ=~=âáÇå~é=îáÅíáã• íÜÉ=ìåÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íìêå=çÑ=ÉîÉåíë=~ë=íÜÉ=Å~ê=ëíçéë• íÜÉ=Ñ~Åí=íÜ~í=qt=êÉ~äáëÉë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÇêáîÉê=äáÉë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=êÉ~ëçå=Ñçê=ëíçééáåÖ• íÜÉ=ìåÉñéä~áåÉÇ=çêÇÉê=íç=?dÉí=áåíç=íÜÉ=Ä~Åâ=EçÑ=íÜÉ=éçäáÅÉ=Å~êF=èìáÅâäó?• íÜÉ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=äáÉ=ï~ë=ãçêÉ=ïçêêóáåÖ=íÜ~å=ÉáíÜÉê=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=çÑ=Å~ê=çê
íÜÉ=ÄäáåÇÑçäÇ=• qtDë=ÖêçïáåÖ=êÉ~äáë~íáçå=íÜ~í=ÜÉ=Ü~Ç=ÄÉÉå=Å~éíìêÉÇ=• qtDë=é~ëëáîáíó=áå=íÜÉ=Å~ê=E?f=ë~áÇ=åçíÜáåÖ?F=~åÇ=Üáë=Ü~îáåÖ=åç=çéíáçå=Äìí=íç=~ääçï
ÉîÉåíë=íç=ìåÑçäÇ=ÄÉÑçêÉ=Üáã• qtDë=áå~Äáäáíó=íç=êÉÅ~ää=Üáë=íÜçìÖÜíë=~åÇ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=ÇìêáåÖ=?íÜ~í=Ü~äÑ=Üçìê=çÑ
Ç~êâåÉëë?=• íÜÉ=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=çÑ=é~ÅÉ=~ë=íÜÉ=Å~ê=íìêåÉÇ=áåíç=~=éçíJÜçäÉÇ=ëáÇÉ=êç~Ç=~åÇ=qt=ï~ë=í~âÉåI
ëíáää=ÄäáåÇÑçäÇÉÇI=áåíç=~å=çäÇ=~é~êíãÉåí=ÄäçÅâ=
qÜÉ=Çá~äçÖìÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=t~áíÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=âáÇå~ééÉêë• íÜÉ=ÅçìêíÉçìë=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=âáÇå~ééÉêëW=ÉKÖK
?jê=t~áíÉI=f=ãìëí=~ëâ=óçì=íç=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=óçìê=ÅäçíÜÉëK??jê=t~áíÉI=Üçï=~êÉ=óçì\??kçïI=jê=t~áíÉI=ïÉ=ãìëí=ÖçK=mäÉ~ëÉ=ëí~åÇ=ìéK?
• íÜÉ=âáÇå~ééÉêëD=î~ÖìÉ=êÉëéçåëÉë=íç=qtDë=èìÉëíáçåëW=ÉKÖK?i~íÉêK??kçí=äçåÖ=åçïK??kçí=äçåÖK?
• =íÜÉ=âáÇå~ééÉêëD=éêÉÅáëÉ=áåëíêìÅíáçåëW=ÉKÖK?b~íI=jê=t~áíÉK??vçì=ãìëí=Çç=Éñ~Åíäó=ïÜ~í=f=íÉää=óçìK=vçì=ãìëí=åçí=ëéÉ~âK??vçì=Å~å=ëäÉÉéI=jê=t~áíÉK=vçì=ãìëí=åçí=ëéÉ~âK?
qÜÉ=ÅçåÇáíáçåë=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=t~áíÉ=áë=ÜÉäÇ• ÄäáåÇÑçäÇÉÇI=í~âÉå=íç=~åÇ=ÜÉäÇ=áå=~å=çäÇ=~é~êíãÉåí=ÄäçÅâ=áå=~=ëÉÅçåÇ
Ñäççê=êççã• ëíêáéJëÉ~êÅÜÉÇ=~åÇ=íÜÉå=ÖáîÉå=çåäó=~=Öçïå=~åÇ=ëäáééÉêë• âÉéí=ÄäáåÇÑçäÇÉÇ=~åÇ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=ëáí=çê=äáÉ=çå=~=ÅçìÅÜ• ãçîÉÇ=íç=~åçíÜÉê=~é~êíãÉåí=ïáíÜçìí=Éñéä~å~íáçå• ÖáîÉå=Ä~ëáÅ=ÑççÇ=~åÇ=Çêáåâ
tÜ~í=t~áíÉ=íÉääë=ìë=~Äçìí=Üáë=çïå=íÜçìÖÜíë=~åÇ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë• ëÜçïë=ÅçåÅÉêå=íÜ~í=Üáë=ÇêáîÉê=íÉääë=~=?ëíìéáÇ=éçáåíäÉëë=äáÉ?• ÄÉÅçãÉë=~åñáçìë=íç=íÜÉ=ÉñíÉåí=íÜ~í=ÜÉ=Ü~Ç=?åç=ãÉãçêó=~í=~ää=çÑ=ãó=íÜçìÖÜíë=~åÇ
ÑÉÉäáåÖë=ÇìêáåÖ=íÜ~í=Ü~äÑJÜçìê=çÑ=Ç~êâåÉëë?• ëìÄàÉÅíë=ÜáãëÉäÑ=íç=~å=áåíáã~íÉ=ÄçÇó=ëÉ~êÅÜ=ïáíÜ=~å=~áê=çÑ=êÉëáÖå~íáçå• ëÜçïë=ÅçãéçëìêÉ=~åÇ=ëÉäÑJÅçåíêçäI=~ééÉ~êáåÖ=íç=~ÅÅÉéí=Üáë=ÉåÑçêÅÉÇ=áåÅ~êÅÉê~íáçå
ïáíÜçìí=éêçíÉëíI=ëáåÅÉ=éêçíÉëí=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ÑìíáäÉ• ~ëâë=èìÉëíáçåë=Äìí=ÇçÉë=åçí=éêçíÉëí=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=Éî~ëáîÉ=~åëïÉêëX• ï~ë=~ÄäÉ=íç=ëäÉÉé=?ÑáíÑìääó?• êÉÅçÖåáòÉë=íÜÉ=Ç~åÖÉê=ÜÉ=áë=áå• åçíÉë=íÜ~í=~äíÜçìÖÜ=ÜÉ=Ü~ë=åçí=ëìÑÑÉêÉÇ=îáçäÉåÅÉ=ëç=Ñ~êI=íÜÉ=ëáíì~íáçå=ëÉÉãë=íç=ÄÉ
ÇÉíÉêáçê~íáåÖ=J?ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=ï~ë=~ãáëë?K
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNOO
qÜÉ=Ú_Éëí=cáíÛ=^ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN sÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáåÖ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=bñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåíKOJQ pÜçïë=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=î~äáÇ=éçáåíëK
pÜçïë=äáííäÉ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=áÇÉ~ëK=pÜçïë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÉêêó=ï~áíÉDë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=çÑÄÉáåÖ=âáÇå~ééÉÇK
RJT pÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=âÉó=áÇÉ~ëK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíëK=mêÉëÉåíë=ëçãÉáÇÉ~ë=ïáíÜ=é~êíá~ä=ëìÅÅÉëë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=äáãáíÉÇ=Éî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=~=äáãáíÉÇ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÉêêó=ï~áíÉDë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=ÄÉáåÖ=âáÇå~ééÉÇK
UJNM pÜçïë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=âÉó=áÇÉ~ëK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíëK=mêÉëÉåíë=ëçãÉáÇÉ~ë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ëíê~áÖÜíÑçêï~êÇ=Éî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÉêêó=ï~áíÉDëÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=ÄÉáåÖ=âáÇå~ééÉÇK
NNJNP pÜçïë=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíëKaÉîÉäçéë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=Éî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑíÉêêó=ï~áíÉDë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=ÄÉáåÖ=âáÇå~ééÉÇK
NQJNS pÜçïë=ëçìåÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíëKaÉîÉäçéë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=áå=ÇÉí~áä=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ëÉÅìêÉ=Éî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=ëçìåÇ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÉêêó=ï~áíÉDë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=ÄÉáåÖ=âáÇå~ééÉÇK
NTJNV pÜçïë=ÖççÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=ÖççÇ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ïÉääJÑçÅìëÉÇ=éçáåíëKaÉîÉäçéë=áÇÉ~ë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=Éî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=~=ÇÉí~áäÉÇÑçÅìë=çå=íÉêêó=ï~áíÉDë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=ÄÉáåÖ=âáÇå~ééÉÇK
OMJOO lÑÑÉêë=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=~å~äóëáë=ã~âÉë=~=ÖççÇ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=~éí=éçáåíëK=aÉîÉäçéë=áÇÉ~ë=Ñìääó~åÇ=éÉêëì~ëáîÉäóI=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ÅçåîáåÅáåÖ=Éî~äì~íáçåK=mêÉëÉåíë=~=ÅäÉ~êI=áåëáÖÜíÑìäÉñ~ãáå~íáçå=çÑ=íÉêêó=ï~áíÉDë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=ÄÉáåÖ=âáÇå~ééÉÇK
OPJOR= lÑÑÉêë=~å=~ëíìíÉ=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=~å~äóëáëK=j~âÉë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=éçáåíë=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇÑä~áêK=bñéäçêÉë=áÇÉ~ë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉäó=~åÇ=çÑÑÉêë=áãéêÉëëáîÉäó=íÜçêçìÖÜ=Éî~äì~íáçåKaÉãçåëíê~íÉë=ÅçÖÉåí=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=áåëáÖÜíë=áåíç=íÉêêó=ï~áíÉDë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=ÄÉáåÖâáÇå~ééÉÇK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NOP
pÉÅíáçå=_W=têáíáåÖ=íç=~êÖìÉI=éÉêëì~ÇÉI=~ÇîáëÉ
OK
vçìê=ÑêáÉåÇ=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=çÑÑÉêÉÇ=~å=çééçêíìåáíó=íç=~ííÉåÇ=~=ëÅÜççä=~Äêç~Ç=Ñçê=~=óÉ~êK==eÉ=áëìåÇÉÅáÇÉÇ=~Äçìí=ïÜ~í=íç=ÇçK=têáíÉ=~=äÉííÉê=íç=óçìê=ÑêáÉåÇ=~ÇîáëáåÖ=Üáã=ïÜÉíÜÉê=íç~ÅÅÉéí=çê=íìêå=Ççïå=íÜáë=çééçêíìåáíóK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉ`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=éêçîáÇÉ=~ÇîáÅÉ=Ñçê=~=ÑêáÉåÇ=áå=~å=áåÑçêã~ä=äÉííÉêK=`~åÇáÇ~íÉëã~ó=ÇÉîáëÉ=ìåäáâÉäó=çê=~ÄëìêÇ=ëáíì~íáçåë=íç=ÑäÉëÜ=çìí=íÜÉ=ÇÉí~áäëI=~åÇ=íÜÉëÉ=ëÜçìäÇ=åçíÄÉ=~ääçïÉÇ=íç=Çáëíê~Åí=íÜÉ=ã~êâÉê=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïêáíáåÖK=qÜÉ=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìäêÉëéçåëÉë=ïáää=~Ççéí=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=íÜÉ=êçäÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäóI=çÑÑÉêáåÖ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=~ÇîáÅÉK
^äíÜçìÖÜ=~ÇÇêÉëëÉë=~êÉ=åçí=êÉèìáêÉÇI=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=äÉííÉê=Ñçêã=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ëÜçïå=áåíÜÉ=ë~äìí~íáçå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÉåÇáåÖK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• lÑÑÉêë=ìåÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=êÉ~ëçåEëF=Ñçê=~ÅÅÉéíáåÖLêÉàÉÅíáåÖ=íÜÉ=çééçêíìåáíó• mÉêÜ~éë=ä~Åâë=Ä~ä~åÅÉX=çÑÑÉêë=~=ëáåÖäÉ=îáÉï=çê=äáëíë=ëÉîÉê~ä• i~Åâë=~=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=ëíêìÅíìêÉ• lÑÑÉêë=~=ëìéÉêÑáÅá~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• mêçîáÇÉë=~=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ëÅÉå~êáç=~ë=~=ÅçåíÉñí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÇÉÅáëáçå• lÑÑÉêë=ëÉåëáíáîÉI=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~ÇîáÅÉI=éÉêÜ~éë=Ä~ä~åÅáåÖ=éêçë=~åÇ=Åçåë=ÄÉÑçêÉ=~êêáîáåÖ
~í=~=ÅçåÅäìëáçå• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ=áå=äÉííÉê=Ñçêã
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• ^ÇîáÅÉ=áë=Ä~ä~åÅÉÇ=~åÇ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìäI=ëÜçïáåÖ=Ñìää=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=åÉÉÇë=~åÇ
ÅçåÅÉêåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑêáÉåÇ• i~åÖì~ÖÉ=áë=áåÑçêã~ä=áå=íçåÉI=Äìí=ÑäÉñáÄäÉ=ÉåçìÖÜ=íç=Ä~ä~åÅÉ=éêçë=~åÇ=Åçåë• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=êÉÑäÉÅíáåÖ=~å=çîÉê~ää=ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=éìêéçëÉ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNOQ
PK
“fíÛë=ÄÉííÉê=íç=í~âÉ=~=àçÄ=íÜ~íÛë=ë~ÑÉI=ëÉÅìêÉ=Äìí=ÄçêáåÖI=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=çåÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=~ééÉ~êëãçêÉ=ÉñÅáíáåÖ=~åÇ=Öä~ãçêçìëÒK
têáíÉ=~=ëéÉÉÅÜ=Ñçê=~=Åä~ëëêççã=ÇÉÄ~íÉ=~êÖìáåÖ=ÉáíÜÉê=Ñçê=çê=~Ö~áåëí=íÜáë=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉïK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉ`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=~êÖìÉ=áå=~=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=Ñçêã=Ñçê=~=âåçïå=~ìÇáÉåÅÉK=pìÅÅÉëëÑìäêÉëéçåëÉë=ïáää=ëÜçï=~ï~êÉåÉëë=íÜ~í=íÜáë=áë=íÜÉ=íê~åëÅêáéí=çÑ=~=ëéÉÉÅÜ=íç=ÄÉ=ÇÉäáîÉêÉÇ=äáîÉI~åÇ=ïáää=~ííÉãéí=íç=ëÜ~éÉ=íÜÉ=êÉ~Åíáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• bñéêÉëëÉë=ëíê~áÖÜíÑçêï~êÇ=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=~Äçìí=~í=äÉ~ëí=çåÉ=àçÄ• ^êÖìãÉåíë=~êÉ=ìåÇÉîÉäçéÉÇI=~åÇ=~êÉ=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=~=Ä~ëáÅ=êÉ~ÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå• i~Åâë=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=áå=ëéÉÉÅÜ=Ñçêã~í• lÑÑÉêë=~=ëìéÉêÑáÅá~ä=êÉëéçåëÉI=ä~ÅâáåÖ=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ
èìÉëíáçå
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• lÑÑÉêë=~Äëíê~Åí=~êÖìãÉåíëI=ìëáåÖ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=àçÄë=~ë=áääìëíê~íáçå• ^êÖìãÉåíë=~êÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇI=ïáíÜ=~=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=íÜêÉ~Ç=~åÇ=ÅçåÅäìëáçå• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ=~ë=ëéÉÉÅÜ• ^ÇÇêÉëëÉë=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• båÖ~ÖÉë=Ñìääó=ïáíÜ=èìÉëíáçå=Äó=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=~êÖìãÉåíI=éÉêÜ~éë=êÉÅçÖåáëáåÖ=íÜÉ
áãéäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=“~ééÉ~êëÒ• mêçîáÇÉë=~=éÉêëçå~ä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=ëìÅÜ=íÉêãë=~ë=“ÄçêáåÖÒ=~åÇ=“Öä~ãçêçìëÒ• pÜçïë=Ñìää=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=ëéÉÉÅÜ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=çÑ=êÉ~Åíáçå=çÑ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ• fë=ëâáäÑìääó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=êÉÑäÉÅíáåÖ=ïêáíÉêÛë=çîÉê~ää=éìêéçëÉ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NOR
pÉÅíáçå=`W=têáíáåÖ=íç=~å~äóëÉI=êÉîáÉïI=ÅçããÉåí
QK
fí=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=ëìÖÖÉëíÉÇ=íÜ~í=Ñçê=íÜÉáê=ë~ÑÉíóI=ìåÇÉê=ëÉîÉåíÉÉå=óÉ~ê=çäÇë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=áå=íÜÉáêçïå=ÜçãÉë=Äó=V=éKãK
`çåëáÇÉê=íÜÉ=~êÖìãÉåíë=Ñçê=~åÇ=~Ö~áåëí=íÜáë=ëìÖÖÉëíáçåK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉkç=Ñçêã=çê=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=áë=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=Ñçê=íÜáë=~å~äóíáÅ~ä=í~ëâK=pìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉêë=ïáää=éêçîáÇÉ~=Ä~ä~åÅÉÇ=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=~êÖìãÉåíë=Ñçê=~åÇ=~Ö~áåëí=íÜÉ=ëìÖÖÉëíáçåK=`~åÇáÇ~íÉëã~ó=~êêáîÉ=~í=~=ÅçåÅäìëáçåI=íÜçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå=ÇçÉë=åçí=êÉèìáêÉ=çåÉK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=ÇÉëÅêáéíçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=O• mêÉëÉåíë=~å=~êÖìãÉåí=Ñçê=çê=~Ö~áåëíX=ä~Åâë=Ä~ä~åÅÉ=çê=~å~äóëáë• ^êÖìãÉåíë=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ã~ó=ÄÉ=~åÉÅÇçí~ä=~åÇ=å~êêçï=áå=ÑçÅìëX=ä~Åâë=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçå=çÑ
çíÜÉêëÛ=éçáåíë=çÑ=îáÉï• fë=éççêäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• mêÉëÉåíë=~=Ä~ä~åÅÉÇ=~å~äóëáë=çÑ=ëçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=áëëìÉë• ^Ççéíë=~å=áãéÉêëçå~äI=ÇÉí~ÅÜÉÇ=íçåÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=íç=“ÅçåëáÇÉêÒ• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• ^êÖìãÉåíë=~êÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇI=ëÜçïáåÖ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçëëáÄäÉ=ÅçåíÉñí=Ñçê=ëìÅÜ=~
ëìÖÖÉëíáçå• ^ÅÜáÉîÉë=Ä~ä~åÅÉ=áå=~å~äóëáåÖ=íÜÉ=áëëìÉ• píêìÅíìêÉ=êÉÑäÉÅíë=çîÉê~ää=éìêéçëÉI=ïáíÜ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=çéÉåáåÖ=~åÇ=ÉåÇáåÖ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNOS
RK
qÜáåâ=~Äçìí=ëáíì~íáçåë=ïÜáÅÜ=Ü~îÉ=ìéëÉí=çê=ÉãÄ~êê~ëëÉÇ=óçìK=tÜ~í=Çç=óçì=íÜáåâ=óçìäÉ~êå=Ñêçã=ëìÅÜ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë\
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉkç=Ñçêã=çê=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=áë=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=Ñçê=íÜáë=í~ëâK=`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=åÉÉÇ=íç=~Ççéí=~=ëìáí~ÄäÉ=ëíóäÉÑçê=~å~äóëáåÖ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉK=pìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉêë=ïáää=~ÇÇêÉëë=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåí=íÉåëÉ=îÉêÄ=“äÉ~êåÒIïÜáÅÜ=ëÉÉãë=íç=êÉèìáêÉ=~=ÖÉåÉê~äáëáåÖ=êÉëéçåëÉI=íÜçìÖÜ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=àìëí=~ëëìÅÅÉëëÑìääó=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=äÉëëçåë=äÉ~êåí=Ñêçã=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉëK=mäÉ~ëÉ=êÉÑÉê=íçé~ÖÉ=RK
içïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• fÇÉåíáÑáÉë=~=ëáíì~íáçåI=çê=äáëíë=ëÉîÉê~ä• qÉåÇë=íç=ÄÉ=å~êê~íáîÉ=áå=~ééêç~ÅÜX=éêçÄ~Ääó=åÉÖäÉÅíë=íÜÉ=“äÉ~êåÒ=~ëéÉÅí• fë=éççêäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• `çããÉåíë=çå=íïç=çê=ãçêÉ=ëáíì~íáçåë• ^å~äóëÉë=íÜÉ=äÉëëçåë=ëìÅÜ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë=ãáÖÜí=ëìÖÖÉëí• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• ^Ççéíë=~å=~å~äóíáÅ~ä=íçåÉ=ïÜÉå=ÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖ=éÉêëçå~ä=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉK=mÉêÜ~éë=ìëÉë
Üìãçìê=áå=êÉÑäÉÅíáåÖ=çå=ëáíì~íáçåë• pÜçïë=áåëáÖÜí=áåíç=ëáíì~íáçåëX=ëÉÉë=íÜÉã=Ñêçã=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=îáÉïéçáåíë• ëíêìÅíìêÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=äáåâë=íÜÉ=ëáíì~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=“äÉëëçåÒ=íç=ÄÉ=äÉ~êåí
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NOT
båÖäáëÜ=_=NOMQ=Qe
pÉÅíáçå=^W=jçÇÉêå=mçÉíêó
NK
få=pìÅÜ=^=qáãÉ=^ë=qÜáë
iççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=bäÉÅíêáÅáíó=`çãÉë=qç=`çÅç~=_çííçã=~åÇ=~í=qÜÉ=a~êâäáåÖ=qÜêìëÜK`çããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=ï~óë=íÜÉ=éçÉíë=ÅçåîÉó=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=~ííáíìÇÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éÉçéäÉáåîçäîÉÇ=~ë=åáÖÜí=~ééêç~ÅÜÉëK
få=óçìê=~åëïÉê=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ã~âÉ=ÅäçëÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=~ííáíìÇÉë=éçêíê~óÉÇ• íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
bäÉÅíêáÅáíó qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNK ÅÜáäÇêÉå=ï~áíáåÖ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=äáÖÜíë Å~ãéÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=Öê~ëëOK ïáíÜ=çáä=ä~ãéë ä~ãéë=ÑáääÉÇ=ïáíÜ=çáäPK ï~áíáåÖ=Ñçê=~åÇ=ï~íÅÜáåÖ=ëìåëÉí ï~áíáåÖÁï~íÅÜáåÖÁ=íìêå=óÉääçïI=çê~åÖÉQK dê~ååáÉ=m~ííÉêëçå=äççâáåÖ=çìí
íÜêçìÖÜ=ÇççêéÉÉéÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=Åê~Åâ=Eåçí=ï~åíáåÖ=íç=ÄÉëÉÉåF
RK jê=p~ãìÉä=Ü~ééó=~í=íÜÉ=äáÖÜíë jê=p~ãìÉä=ëãáäáåÖSK ~ã~òÉãÉåí=~í=íÜÉ=ëáÖÜí ~êáëáåÖ=ëìÅÜ=~=Ö~ëéTK ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=~ïÉ=~åÇ=ïçåÇÉê iáÖÜí>=j~êîÉääçìë=äáÖÜí>UK íÜÉ=ãçãÉåí=é~ëëÉÇI=ìåêÉÅçêÇÉÇ áë=íÜÉêÉ=çåÉ=~ãçåÖ=ìëÁ\VK ÅÜáäÇêÉå=êÉíìêåÉÇ=ÜçãÉ
áããÉÇá~íÉäóäáí=íÜÉáê=ä~ãéë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Ç~êâ=àçìêåÉóI=íÜÉãçãÉåí=Ü~Ç=é~ëëÉÇ
qÜÉ=a~êâäáåÖ=qÜêìëÜ qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNMK ÜÉ=ÑáåÇë=íÜÉ=ïáåíêó=Çìëâ==ÄäÉ~â ïáåíÉêDë=ÇêÉÖë=ã~ÇÉ=ÇÉëçä~íÉNNK ìåäáâÉ=ÉîÉêóçåÉ=ÉäëÉI=ÜÉ=ï~ë=çìí=áå
íÜÉ=ÅçäÇ~ää=ã~åâáåÇÁ=ëçìÖÜí=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇÑáêÉë
NOK ÜÉ=ÑÉÉäë=ä~ÅâáåÖ=áå=ÉåÉêÖóI=äáÑÉ ÉîÉêó=ëéáêáí=ìéçå=É~êíÜ=ëÉÉãÉÇ=ÑÉêîçìêäÉëë=~ëNPK ÜÉ=áë=ëí~êíäÉÇ=~åÇ=~ã~òÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ
íÜêìëÜDë=êáÅÜ=ëçåÖáå=~=ÑìääJÜÉ~êíÉÇ=ÉîÉåëçåÖLçÑ=àçó
NQK ÜÉ=áë=é~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëìêéêáëÉÇ=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉçÑ=íÜÉ=ÄáêÇDë=ÅçåÇáíáçå
~ÖÉÇ=íÜêìëÜI=Ñê~áäI=Ö~ìåíI=~åÇëã~ää
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNOU
NRK ÜÉ=ÑÉÉäë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=íÜêìëÜ=áë=ÇÉÑóáåÖíÜÉ=íáãÉ=çÑ=Öäççã
ÑäáåÖ=Üáë=ëçìä=ìéçå=íÜÉ=ÖêçïáåÖ=óÉ~êLÇ~ó
NSK íÜçìÖÜ=ÜÉ=ÑÉäí=ÜçéÉäÉëëI=íÜáë=ï~ë=~åçíÉ=çÑ=ÜçéÉ
ëçãÉ=ÄäÉëëÉÇ=eçéÉI=ïÜÉêÉçÑÁf=ï~ë=ìå~ï~êÉ
NTK Üáë=ÑÉ~êëLéÉëëáãáëã=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÑìíìêÉ PN=aÉÅÉãÄÉê=NUVVI=ÉåÇ=çÑ=óÉ~ê=~åÇ=ÅÉåíìêóKmÉëëáãáëã=åçí=ëÜ~êÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=íÜêìëÜ
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=îáîáÇ=éáÅíçêá~ä=ä~åÖì~ÖÉI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=áã~ÖÉêó=çÑ=ãìëáÅLÇÉ~íÜEqÜêìëÜFI=äáÖÜíLãçîÉãÉåíLÅçäçìê=EbäÉÅíêáÅáíóFI=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çÑ=å~íìêÉ=EÄçíÜFI=ãççÇ=~åÇ~íãçëéÜÉêÉ=çÑ=åáÖÜíÑ~ääI=ÅçãáåÖ=çÑ=äáÖÜí=EbäÉÅíêáÅáíóF=~åÇ=ëçåÖ=EqÜêìëÜFK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ÄìíïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉIÄìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=~ííáíìÇÉë=áå=íÜÉéçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑíÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=~ííáíìÇÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=~ííáíìÇÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=áå=~=ï~ó=ïÜáÅÜ=ã~âÉëêÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=íç=áääìëíê~íÉ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ~ííáíìÇÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇáíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ëÜçïáåÖÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ïêáíáåÖK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=~ííáíìÇÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äIïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=~ííáíìÇÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉK=fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉÑÉÉäáåÖë=~åÇ=~ííáíìÇÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑíÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NOV
OK
få=pìÅÜ=^=qáãÉ=^ë=qÜáë
iççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=DaìäÅÉ=Éí=aÉÅçêìã=bëíD=~åÇ=~åó=lkb=lqebo=t^o=mlbj=Ñêçã=få=pìÅÜ=~qáãÉ=~ë=qÜáëK=få=ïÜ~í=ï~óë=ÇçÉë=íÜÉ=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=ïçêÇë=Äó=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=çê=ïêáíÉêë=ëìÖÖÉëí=íÜÉíÉåëáçåë=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=áå=íáãÉë=çÑ=ï~ê\
få=óçìê=~åëïÉê=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ã~âÉ=ÅäçëÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=ï~êíáãÉ=ëÉííáåÖ• íÜÉ=ï~ó=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÉåëáçå=áë=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ• íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=ïçêÇëK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
aìäÅÉ=Éí=aÉÅçêìã qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNK ÉñÜ~ìëíáçåI=Ñ~íáÖìÉ=ëÜçï=ëíê~áå=çå
ãÉåÜ~ÖëI=ÄÉÖÖ~êëI=íêìÇÖÉÇ
OK ã~êÅÜáåÖ=ãÉå=Å~ååçí=êÉÖáëíÉêëçìåÇëI=ÉîÉåíë
ÇÉ~Ñ=ÉîÉå=íç=íÜÉ=ÜççíëÁ
PK ÜçêêáÑóáåÖ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=ëçäÇáÉêëDé~áå
ÄäççÇëÜçÇ
QK é~åáÅ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ìåÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=Ö~ë=~íí~Åâ ÉÅëí~ëó=çÑ=ÑìãÄäáåÖRK Üçêêçê=~í=ÑêáÉåÇëD=ÜÉäéäÉëëåÉëë
EÇêçïåáåÖ=áå=Ö~ëFÑäçìåÇÉêáåÖI=äáâÉ=~=ã~å=áå=ÑáêÉ=çê=äáãÉ
SK åáÖÜíã~êáëÜ=áã~ÖÉë ~ë=ìåÇÉê=~=ÖêÉÉå=ëÉ~I=f=ë~ïÁTK éçïÉêÑìä=Éãçíáçå~ä=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=ëÉÉáåÖ
ÑêáÉåÇ=ÇáÉï~íÅÜ=íÜÉ=ïÜáíÉ=ÉóÉë=ïêáíÜáåÖI=ÉíÅ
UK êÉÅìêêáåÖ=åáÖÜíã~êÉë pãçíÜÉêáåÖ=ÇêÉ~ãëVK Ö~é=ÄÉíïÉÉå=éêçé~Ö~åÇ~=~åÇ=êÉ~äáíó íÜÉ=çäÇ=äáÉ
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉ=EáêçåáÅLë~êÅ~ëíáÅLéÉëëáãáëíáÅFI=ãÉí~éÜçêëK
k_=cçê=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=éçÉãI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÅÜççëÉ=~åó=lkb=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ëÉÅíáçå=Dfå=pìÅÜ=~qáãÉ=~ë=qÜáëD=ïÜáÅÜ=ÇÉ~äë=ïáíÜ=~=éÉêáçÇ=çÑ=ï~êI=EÉÖI=qÜÉ=pÉåÇJlÑÑI=cêçã=t~ê=jìëáÅIoÉÑìÖÉÉ=_äìÉë=~åÇ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=êÉï~êÇÉÇ=Ñçê=éçáåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=ìëÉ=íÜÉ=íÉñí=íç=ÉñéäçêÉ=íÜÉ=áÇÉ~çÑ=íÉåëáçåK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNPM
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êÖê~ÇÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=Öê~ÇÉ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉK=qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉçîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK=táíÜáå=íÜÉ=Ä~åÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉI=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~ãáåçêáíó=çÑ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=éÉêí~áåáåÖ=íç=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉë=ïáää=ÜÉäé=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉíÜÉ=éêÉÅáëÉ=ã~êâ=íç=ÄÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ÄìíïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãëD=ï~êíáãÉ=ëÉííáåÖëqÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~ó=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÉåëáçå=áë=ÅêÉ~íÉÇKqÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉIÄìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉï~ó=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÉåëáçå=áë=ÅêÉ~íÉÇK==qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~óáå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÉåëáçå=áë=ÅêÉ~íÉÇK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=ÄóíÜÉ=éçÉíë=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíI=~åÇ=ëÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=çå=íÜáëK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉï~ó=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÉåëáçå=áë=ÅêÉ~íÉÇK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~óáå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÉåëáçå=áë=ÅêÉ~íÉÇK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜíÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~ó=áåïÜáÅÜ=íÉåëáçå=áë=ÅêÉ~íÉÇK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇÑìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉK=fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíëÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~ó=áåïÜáÅÜ=íÉåëáçå=áë=ÅêÉ~íÉÇK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜÅä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NPN
PK
fÇÉåíáíó
iççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=píáää=f=oáëÉK=`çåëáÇÉê=Üçï=íÜáë=éçÉã=~åÇ=lkb=lqebo=Ñêçã=fÇÉåíáíó=ÉñéäçêÉáÇÉ~ë=çÑ=ÑêÉÉÇçã=çê=íÜÉ=ä~Åâ=çÑ=áíK
få=óçìê=~åëïÉê=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ã~âÉ=ÅäçëÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=áÇÉ~ë=~Äçìí=ÑêÉÉÇçã=çê=íÜÉ=ä~Åâ=çÑ=ÑêÉÉÇçã• íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
tÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åíÉñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉI=ã~êâáåÖ=íÜÉëÉ=ïáíÜ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåK
píáää=f=oáëÉ qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNK ~ÄäÉ=íç=íê~åëÅÉåÇ=çééêÉëëáîÉ=Üáëíçêó íêçÇ=ãÉÁ=ëíáääÁ=fDää=êáëÉOK ÑêÉÉÇçã=çÑ=ãçîÉãÉåí f=ï~äâ=äáâÉÁ=éìãéáåÖPK ÑáåÇë=ÜçéÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ëÉ~ëçå~ä=ÅóÅäÉ äáâÉ=ãççåëÁ=ÅÉêí~áåíó=çÑ=íáÇÉëQK êÉÑìëÉë=íç=~ÅÅÉéí=~=DîáÅíáãD=êçäÉ ÄêçâÉåL_çïÉÇ=ÜÉ~ÇRK ÑêÉÉÇçã=çÑ=ëéáêáí ä~ìÖÜ=äáâÉ=fDîÉ=Öçí=ÖçäÇÁSK áãéÉêîáçìë=íç=Üçëíáäáíó ëÜççí=ãÉ=ïáíÜ=óçìê=ïçêÇëÁ=Åìí
ãÉÁ=âáääTK ÑêÉÉ=íç=ÉñéêÉëë=ÜÉêëÉäÑ ëÉñáåÉëëI=Ç~åÅÉ=äáâÉ=Á
Çá~ãçåÇëUK Å~å=íêáìãéÜ=çîÉê=~=é~ëí=çÑ=ëä~îÉêó Ää~Åâ=çÅÉ~åÁ=ïÉääáåÖ=~åÇ
ëïÉääáåÖVK ÜÉê=Üáëíçêó=Ü~ë=ÖáîÉå=ÜÉê=~=ëéáêáí=çÑ=ÜçéÉ ÇêÉ~ã=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÜçéÉ
k_=cçê=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=éçÉãI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÅÜççëÉ=~åó=lkb=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ëÉÅíáçå=Dfå=pìÅÜ=~qáãÉ=~ë=qÜáëDK=oÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íáÅâÉÇ=Ñçê=ÑêÉÉÇçã=çê=áíë=ä~Åâ=~åÇ=Ñçê=ä~åÖì~ÖÉKcçê=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=Éñ~ãéäÉI=ã~êâ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=äÉííÉêW=c=Ñçê=ÑêÉÉÇçãI=~åÇ=i=Ñçêä~åÖì~ÖÉK
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉI=áã~ÖÉêóI=Çá~äÉÅíI=êÉéÉíáíáçåI=êÜÉíçêáÅ~äèìÉëíáçåëK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNPO
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=Äìí=ïáíÜÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=áÇÉ~ë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëKqÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åíéçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=áÇÉ~ë=~Äçìí=ÑêÉÉÇçã=áå=íÜÉéçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉáÇÉ~ë=çÑ=ÑêÉÉÇçã=çê=íÜÉ=ä~Åâ=çÑ=ÑêÉÉÇçã=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëëçÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉáÇÉ~ë=çÑ=ÑêÉÉÇçã=çê=íÜÉ=ä~Åâ=çÑ=ÑêÉÉÇçã=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áêìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉáå=~=ï~ó=ïÜáÅÜ=ã~âÉë=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=íç=áääìëíê~íÉ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ìëÉ=çÑä~åÖì~ÖÉK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áÇÉ~ë=çÑ=ÑêÉÉÇçã=çê=íÜÉä~Åâ=çÑ=ÑêÉÉÇçã=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=éä~åíë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~êìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áå=ÅêÉ~íáåÖ=ëíêáâáåÖ=áã~ÖÉëKqÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ïêáíáåÖK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉáÇÉ~ë=çÑ=ÑêÉÉÇçã=çê=íÜÉ=ä~Åâ=çÑ=ÑêÉÉÇçã=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåçÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíëÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉáÇÉ~ë=çÑ=ÑêÉÉÇçã=çê=íÜÉ=ä~Åâ=çÑ=ÑêÉÉÇçã=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉKfåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉáÇÉ~ë=çÑ=ÑêÉÉÇçã=çê=íÜÉ=ä~Åâ=çÑ=ÑêÉÉÇçã=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íçéêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NPP
QK=
fÇÉåíáíó
iççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=jáê~ÅäÉ=çå=pí=a~îáÇDë=a~ó=~åÇ=läÇ=j~åI=läÇ=j~åK=få=ïÜ~í=ï~óë=Çç=íÜÉïêáíÉêë=éêÉëÉåí=íÜÉ=éêçÄäÉãë=çÑ=çäÇ=~ÖÉI=~åÇ=Üçï=ëóãé~íÜÉíáÅ=Çç=óçì=ÑáåÇ=íÜÉáêéçêíê~ó~äë\
få=óçìê=~åëïÉê=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ã~âÉ=ÅäçëÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=çäÇ=~ÖÉ• íÜÉ=ï~ó=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉ=íïç=éçÉíë=éçêíê~ó=íÜÉáê=ëìÄàÉÅíë• íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
jáê~ÅäÉ=çå=pí=a~îáÇDë=a~ó qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉNK åÉÉÇë=íç=ÄÉ=ÖìáÇÉÇ=íç=Üáë=ÅÜ~áê íÉåÇÉêäó=äÉÇÁ=ÅÜ~áêOK áëçä~íáçå ÜÉ=Ü~ë=åÉîÉê=ëéçâÉåPK êçÅâáåÖ=Eáå=~=ïçêäÇ=çÑ=Üáë=çïåF ÜÉ=êçÅâë=ÖÉåíäó=íç=íÜÉ=êÜóíÜãëÁKQK ëíêçåÖ=éÜóëáÅ~ääóI=íÜçìÖÜ=ïÉ~â=ãÉåí~ääó ä~ÄçìêÉêDë=Ü~åÇë=çå=Üáë=âåÉÉëRK áå=~=é~ëí=ïçêäÇI=åçí=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåí íÜÉ=ä~ÄçìêÉêDë=îçáÅÉ=êÉÅáíÉëÁSK áë=~ï~êÉ=íÜ~í=ÜÉ=Ü~ë=äçëí=éçïÉêë=çÑ=ëéÉÉÅÜ çåÅÉ=ÜÉ=Ü~Ç=ëçãÉíÜáåÖÁläÇ=j~åI=läÇ=j~åTK áë=äçëáåÖ=Üáë=ëáÖÜí ïÜÉå=ÜÉ=ë~ï=ÄÉííÉêUK ÑçêÖÉíÑìäI=ÅçåÑìëÉÇ DfDîÉ=äçëí=íÜÉ=Ü~ããÉêDK=tÜÉêÉ=áë=aêìêó
i~åÉ\VK e~ë=åçJçåÉ=ÉäëÉ=íç=ÑÉåÇ=Ñçê=Üáã ëÉäÑJÇÉãçíÉÇÁ=íç=ï~ëÜáåÖ=ìéNMK ìåáåíÉêÉëíÉÇL~é~íÜÉíáÅ íÉäÉîáëáçå=Ü~ë=åç=éçïÉêÁ=ëìêäáåÉëëNNK ÇáëÅçååÉÅíÉÇ=Ñêçã=Ñ~ãáäó éáÅíìêÉë=çÑ=ÇáëáåÜÉêáíÉÇ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåNOK Üáë=ìåáîÉêëÉ=Ü~ë=ëÜêìåâ Åçåíê~ÅíÉÇ=ïçêäÇNPK ÜÉäéäÉëë=EïÜáÅÜ=ÜÉ=Ü~íÉëF óçìê=ÜÉäéäÉëëåÉëëNQK åçí=Ñìää=Åçåíêçä=çÑ=Ü~åÇë Üáë=Ü~åÇë=ëÜ~ãÄäÉ
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉI=áã~ÖÉêóK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êÖê~ÇÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=Öê~ÇÉ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉK=qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNPQ
çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK=táíÜáå=íÜÉ=Ä~åÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉI=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~ãáåçêáíó=çÑ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=éÉêí~áåáåÖ=íç=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉë=ïáää=ÜÉäé=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉíÜÉ=éêÉÅáëÉ=ã~êâ=íç=ÄÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=Äìí=ïáíÜÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãëD=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=çäÇ=~ÖÉKqÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=çäÇ=~ÖÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜäáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉíêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=çäÇ=~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ëóãé~íÜó=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçêíê~áíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëëçÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉíêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=çäÇ=~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ëóãé~íÜó=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçêíê~áíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áêìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=çäÇ=~ÖÉ=~åÇíÜÉ=ëóãé~íÜó=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçêíê~áíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ëÜçïáåÖÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ïêáíáåÖK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉíêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=çäÇ=~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ëóãé~íÜó=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçêíê~áíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåçÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíëÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉíêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=çäÇ=~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ëóãé~íÜó=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçêíê~áíëK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉKfåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=çäÇ=~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉëóãé~íÜó=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçêíê~áíëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜÅä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NPR
RK
k~íìêÉ
iççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=qêçìí=~åÇ=qÜÉ=pí~ÖK=eçï=Çç=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêë=êÉîÉ~ä=~=Ñ~ëÅáå~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉI=~Åíáçå=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëìÄàÉÅíë=çÑ=íÜÉáê=éçÉãë\
få=óçìê=~åëïÉêë=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ã~âÉ=ÅäçëÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåíX• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW
• íÜÉ=íêÉ~íãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉëD=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉI=~Åíáçå=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåí• íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=Ñ~ëÅáå~íáçå• íÜÉ=éçÉíëÛ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=áå=ëÜçïáåÖ=íÜáëK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
qêçìíeÉ=ÇïÉääë=çå=íÜÉ=ÇÉí~áäë=çÑ=íÜÉ=íêçìíDë=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉW
qÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ
NK ÜÉ~îóI=ëçäáÇ Ñ~í=ÖìåJÄ~êêÉäOK ëãççíÜ=ëâáå ëãççíÜJëâáååÉÇ=~ë=éäìãëPK Åçäçìê ïÜáíÉ=ÄÉääóeÉ=~ÇãáêÉë=íÜÉ=íêçìíDë=~Åíáçåë=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåíëQK É~ëÉ=çÑ=ãçîÉãÉåí ëäáéë=äáâÉ=ÄìííÉêRK ëâáääÉÇ=Å~íÅÜáåÖ=çÑ=éêÉó ÄìääDë=ÉóÉX=éáÅâë=çÑÑSK äáâÉ=ÇÉ~Çäó=ïÉ~éçå íçêéÉÇçÉÇI=ÑáêÉÇI=íê~ÅÉêJ
ÄìääÉíI=îçääÉóTK íáêÉäÉëëI=ìåëíçéé~ÄäÉ åÉîÉê=Äìêåí=çìíUK ÅäáåáÅ~ä=âáääáåÖ ÅçäÇ=ÄäççÇqÜÉ=pí~ÖVK ëÉÉë=ëí~Ö=~ë=çïåÉê=çÑ=íÉêêáíçêó ê~å=íÜêçìÖÜ=Üáë=éêáî~íÉ=ÑçêÉëíNMK ~ÇãáêÉë=Üáë=ÑêÉÉÇçã=çÑ=ãçîÉãÉåí äçéÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜ=Üáë=Ñ~îçìêáíÉ
î~ääÉóNNK Åçåíê~ëíë=Üáë=áëçä~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ÅêçïÇë íê~ÑÑáÅ=à~ãI=é~êâÉÇ=Å~êëI=ãÉåI
ÜçìåÇëI=ÉíÅNOK ïçåÇÉêë=Üçï=ÜÉ=ïáää=ÅçéÉ=ïÜÉå=çìí=çÑ=Üáë=ÜçãÉ
íÉêêáíçêóÇêçééÉÇ=áå=íç=ëíê~åÖÉ=Åçìåíêó
NPK Åçåíê~ëíë=íÜÉ=ëí~ÖDë=ãçîÉãÉåí=ïáíÜ=íÜ~í=çÑ=íÜÉÜçìåÇë
íÜÉ=ÜçìåÇJé~Åâ=ëã~ëÜÉÇ=íÜÉìåÇÉêÖêçïíÜ
NQK ìå~ÄäÉ=íç=ãçîÉ=~ë=ÜÉ=ïçìäÇ=äáâÉ äáãÄë=~ää=ÅêáÉÇ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåíÇáêÉÅíáçåë=íç=Üáë=äìåÖë
NRK ëóãé~íÜó=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÅçêåÉêÉÇI=ÉñÜ~ìëíÉÇ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉ çåäó=ï~åíÉÇ=íç=êÉëí
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNPS
NSK çÄëÉêîÉë=ïáíÜ=Üçêêçê=Üáë=ãçìåíáåÖ=ÇÉëéÉê~íáçå ïÉÉéáåÖ=~åÇ=äççâáåÖ=ÑçêÜçãÉ
NTK ëÉÉë=Üáã=íê~ééÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê=ïççÇë ëíê~åÖÉ=íêÉÉëÁ=Äê~ãÄäÉëä~ëÜÉÇ
NUK ëï~ãéÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=ÜçìåÇë äçääJíçåÖìÉÇ=ÜçìåÇëÁ=ÑäáåÖ~ää=çîÉê=Üáã
NVK çÄëÉêîÉë=Üáë=ÄçÇóDë=Ñ~áäìêÉ=~í=íÜÉ=âáää=~åÇ=íÜÉÅ~ääçìë=êÉ~Åíáçå
ÜÉ~êí=ÄÉÅ~ãÉ=àìëí=~=ÅäìÄKK=íÜÉÅêçïÇ=Çáë~ééÉ~êÉÇ
lå=E=i=FI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=å~íìêÉ=~åÇ=ëíêÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=áã~ÖÉëI=~Äáäáíó=íç=é~áåí=îáîáÇ=ïçêÇJéáÅíìêÉëIïçêÇë=ÅçåîÉóáåÖ=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåíI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉKcÉ~íìêÉ=ëéçííáåÖ=áë=åçí=ÉåçìÖÜ=íç=Ö~áå=ÜáÖÜ=ã~êâëW=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïáää=Éñéä~áå=íÜÉÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜçëÉå=Éñ~ãéäÉëK
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ÄìíïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëìÄàÉÅíJã~ííÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åíéçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=Ñ~ëÅáå~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉÅêÉ~íìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíëÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=Ñ~ëÅáå~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=Ñ~ëÅáå~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑíÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=áå=~=ï~ó=ïÜáÅÜã~âÉë=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉãë=íç=áääìëíê~íÉ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ìëÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=Ñ~ëÅáå~íáçå=ïáíÜíÜÉ=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉI=~Åíáçåë=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëKqÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉêã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~äêÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ïêáíáåÖK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=Ñ~ëÅáå~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉI=~Åíáçåë=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉë=áåíÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìäáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NPT
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=Ñ~ëÅáå~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉI=~Åíáçåë=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉë=áåíÜÉ=éçÉãëK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇéÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉK=fåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçïáåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉéçÉíëD=Ñ~ëÅáå~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ééÉ~ê~åÅÉI=~Åíáçåë=~åÇ=ãçîÉãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íìêÉë=áåíÜÉ=éçÉãëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåí=éçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇçêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇáíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNPU
SK
k~íìêÉ
iççâ=~Ö~áå=~í=táåÇ=~åÇ=~í=äÉ~ëí=lkb=çíÜÉê=éçÉã=Ñêçã=k~íìêÉK=få=ïÜ~í=ï~óë=Çç=íÜÉéçÉíë=ëÜçï=íÜÉ=ÑçêÅÉ=çÑ=å~íìêÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çå=Üìã~å=äáîÉë\
få=óçìê=~åëïÉê=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ã~âÉ=ÅäçëÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñíK
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=~å=~ééêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑW• íÜÉ=ÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑ=å~íìêÉDë=ÑçêÅÉÑìä=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë• Üçï=k~íìêÉ=~ÑÑÉÅíë=Üìã~å=äáîÉë• íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~åÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÜÉéçáåíK=oÉï~êÇ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=EéìííáåÖ=~å=i=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåF=~åÇÅçããÉåí=çå=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK
táåÇ qÉñíì~ä=bîáÇÉåÅÉNK eìã~å=ÜçìëÉ=äáâÉåÉÇ=íç=~=Äç~í=çå=íÜÉ=ï~îÉë çìí=~í=ëÉ~=~ää=åáÖÜíOK sáçäÉåíI=ìåí~ãÉ~ÄäÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïáåÇ ïççÇë=Åê~ëÜáåÖI=ïáåÇë
ëí~ãéÉÇáåÖPK pçìåÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïáåÇI=äáâÉ=Öìåë ÄççãáåÖ=ÜáääëQK táåÇ=ÄìÑÑÉíë=íÜÉ=ã~å ëÅ~äÉÇ=~äçåÖ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉJëáÇÉI
ÇÉåíÉÇ=íÜÉ=Ä~ääë=çÑ=ãó=ÉóÉëRK ^äëç=Çê~ã~íáÅ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çå=ÄáêÇë ÑäìåÖ=~=ã~ÖéáÉÁ=Ää~ÅâJÄ~Åâ=Öìää
ÄÉåíÁSK eçìëÉDë=Ñê~ÖáäÉI=îìäåÉê~ÄäÉ=ëí~íÉ ê~åÖÉ=äáâÉ=ëçãÉ=ÑáåÉ=ÖêÉÉå
ÖçÄäÉíÁÑÉÉä=íÜÉ=êççíëÁ=ãçîÉTK bÑÑÉÅíë=ÉãéÜ~ëáëÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜ=éÉêëçåáÑáÅ~íáçå íÜÉ=ïáåÇë=íêÉãÄäÉÁ=íÜÉ=ëíçåÉë
Åêó=çìíUK `~ìëÉë=ÑÉ~ê=~åÇ=ïáëÜ=Ñçê=ëÉÅìêáíó ÇÉÉé=áå=ÅÜ~áêëÁëÉÉâáåÖ
ëÉÅìêáíóÁïÉ=Öêáé=çìê=ÜÉ~êíëVK få~Äáäáíó=íç=ÑçÅìë=çå=åçêã~ä=äáÑÉ Å~ååçí=ÉåíÉêí~áå=ÄççâÁK
lå=EiFI=~ÅÅÉéí=~åó=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=ïêáíáåÖW=ÉÖI=ïçêÇë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉé~êíáÅìä~êäó=ëíêáâáåÖI=ìëÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ëíI=íçåÉI=ãÉí~éÜçêëI=ëáãáäÉëI=ÇÉí~áäI=ìëÉ=çÑ=ëÉåëÉëEëáÖÜíI=ëçìåÇI=ëãÉääFI=çåçã~íçéçÉá~I=~ääáíÉê~íáçåI=~ëëçå~åÅÉI=éÉêëçåáÑáÅ~íáçåK
k_=cçê=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=éçÉãI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÅÜççëÉ=~åó=lkb=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ëÉÅíáçå=Dk~íìêÉDKoÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë=çå=íÜÉ=ÑçêÅÉ=çÑ=å~íìêÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çå=Üìã~å=äáîÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íáÅâÉÇKlå=É~ÅÜ=éçÉãI=ã~êâ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=Éñ~ãéäÉ=çÑ=É~ÅÜ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=äÉííÉêëW=c=Ñçê=ÑçêÅÉçÑ=å~íìêÉ=~åÇ=b=Ñçê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíëK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NPV
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êÖê~ÇÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=Öê~ÇÉ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉK=qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉçîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK=xtáíÜáå=íÜÉ=Ä~åÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Öê~ÇÉI=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~ãáåçêáíó=çÑ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=éÉêí~áåáåÖ=íç=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=Öê~ÇÉë=ïáää=ÜÉäé=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉíÜÉ=éêÉÅáëÉ=ã~êâ=íç=ÄÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇKz
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=éçÉãëI=ÄìíïáíÜ=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çê=Öê~ëé=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉK
OJQ qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑ=å~íìêÉKqÜÉêÉ=áë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=çê=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=^=ÑÉï=êÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíë~êÉ=ã~ÇÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=çê=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
RJT qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑçêÅÉ=çÑ=å~íìêÉKqÜÉêÉ=áë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=mçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉIÄìí=ïáíÜ=äáííäÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíK
UJNM qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉI=Äìí=åçí=ÑìääóJÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑçêÅÉ=çÑ=å~íìêÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ÅäÉ~êäó=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåK
NNJNP qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäóJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑçêÅÉ=çÑ=å~íìêÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çå=Üìã~å=äáîÉëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=Ñ~áêìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉK
NQJNS qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=ëÉÅìêÉ=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑçêÅÉ=çÑå~íìêÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çå=Üìã~å=äáîÉëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~âÉë=ëçìåÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~ä=áå=íÜÉéçÉãëI=ëÜçïáåÖ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ïêáíáåÖK
NTJNV qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑçêÅÉ=çÑ=å~íìêÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çå=Üìã~åK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÅäÉ~êçêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ïáíÜ=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëDä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíK
OMJOO qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=çÑÑÉêë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÇÉéáÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑçêÅÉ=çÑ=å~íìêÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çå=Üìã~å=äáîÉëK=fÇÉ~ë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇÅçÜÉêÉåíäóI=áå=~=ïÉääJçêÖ~åáëÉÇ=~åÇ=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉKfåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=áåëáÖÜíK
OPJOR qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÜçïë=~=îÉêó=~ëëìêÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéêÉëëáçå=ÖáîÉå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉéáÅíáçåçÑ=íÜÉ=ÑçêÅÉ=çÑ=å~íìêÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çå=Üìã~å=äáîÉëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç=éêÉëÉåíéçáåíë=~åÇ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=çêáÖáå~äáíóK=qÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçÉíëD=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ëÜçï=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éÉåÉíê~íáçå~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNQM
pÉÅíáçå=_W=aáÑÑÉêÉåí=`ìäíìêÉë=~åÇ=qê~Çáíáçåë
OK
`çìåíêó=içîÉêë=~åÇ=sÉêçåáÅ~
oÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÇÉëíêçóÉÇ=Äó=ÅáêÅìãëí~åÅÉë=~åÇ=ä~ïëK=eçï=Çç=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêë=ëÜçï=íÜÉÑçêÅÉë=íÜ~í=äÉ~Ç=íç=ÇÉëíêìÅíáçå=áå=íÜÉ=íïç=ëíçêáÉë\
få=óçìê=êÉëéçåëÉ=óçì=ëÜçìäÇ=êÉÑÉê=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=íÉñíëK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåíK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=íÉñí• Éî~äì~íÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=äáåÖìáëíáÅI=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇ=éêÉëÉåí~íáçå~ä=ÇÉîáÅÉëK
`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=ÄÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íçW• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• ã~âÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÉñíë• ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=ëìëí~áå=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÉñíëK
qÜÉó=ïáää=~äëç=ÄÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ=~åÇ=Éî~äì~íÉ=Üçï=ïêáíÉêë=ìëÉW• äáåÖìáëíáÅ=ÇÉîáÅÉë• ëíêìÅíìê~ä=ÇÉîáÅÉë• éêÉëÉåí~íáçå~ä=ÇÉîáÅÉë=íç=~ÅÜáÉîÉ=íÜÉáê=ÉÑÑÉÅíë
^=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ÑçÅìë=ÅäÉ~êäó=çå=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=~åÇ=ïáääíêó=íç=áÇÉåíáÑó=Üçï=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=ëÜçïë=íÜÉ=ÇÉëíêìÅíáîÉ=ÑçêÅÉë=çÑ=êÉéêÉëëáîÉ=~åÇ=ê~ÅáëíëçÅáÉíáÉë=~åÇ=ëÜçï=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅìäíìêÉ=íÜ~í=áë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ïáää~ÅâåçïäÉÇÖÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=íçí~ä=éáÅíìêÉ=çÑ=É~ÅÜ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ïáää=ÅçãÉ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêëÜçïáåÖ=ïÜ~í=íÜÉó=ë~óI=ïÜ~í=íÜÉó=ÇçI=Üçï=íÜÉó=êÉëéçåÇ=íç=çíÜÉêë=~åÇ=Üçï=íÜÉó=ÇÉ~äïáíÜ=ÉîÉåíëK===fí=ïáää=êÉîÉ~ä=Üçï=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=~êÉ=ÇÉÉéäó=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=Åçåëíê~áåíëçÑ=íÜÉ=ëçÅáÉíóK==qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ïáää=Çê~ï=ÅçåÅäìëáçåë=Ñêçã=ÄçíÜ=íÜÉ=ëáãáä~êáíáÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=íïç=ëíçêáÉëK==fí=ïáää=~äëç=äççâ=~í=Üçï=íÜÉáê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïáíÜ=ãÉå~ÑÑÉÅí=íÜÉáê=äáîÉëK==pçãÉ=~åëïÉêë=ïáää=äççâ=~í=íÜÉ=å~êê~íáîÉ=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=~åÇ=Üçï=íÜ~í~ÑÑÉÅíë=íÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉêK==qÜÉ=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ïáää=ÄÉ=åçíÉÇ
sÉêçåáÅ~`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=êÉÅçÖåáòÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=áåíÉåíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=áë=Çáëéä~óÉÇ==Äó=íÜÉ=ï~óíÜ~í=íÜÉ=ëíçêó=áë=äÉÑí=~ë=~=ëâÉíÅÜK==qÜÉ=ëé~êëÉ=ÇÉí~áä=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ìå~ÇçêåÉÇ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉëíêÉåÖíÜÉåë=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=ïÉ~âÉåë=íÜÉ=ÅÉåíê~ä=íê~ÖÉÇóK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=Ç~åÖÉê=íÜ~í=ëçãÉÅ~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=~ÅÅÉéí=íÜÉ=ãçê~ä=éçáåíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=å~êê~íçêK==pçãÉ=ïáää=íêó=íç=ÇáîáåÉ=íÜÉáåíÉåíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêK
• qê~Çáíáçå=ë~óë=íÜ~í=ïçãÉå=áå=íÜáë=ëçÅáÉíó=~êÉ=ëìÄëÉêîáÉåíK• eÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ïáíÜ=ÜÉê=Ñ~íÜÉê=äÉ~Çë=Üáã=íç=~ÄìëÉ=ÜÉêK• lâÉâÉ=~Ä~åÇçåë=ÜÉê=~åÇ=áë=åçí=ëÉåëáíáîÉ=ÉåçìÖÜ=íç=ëÉÉ=ÜÉê=åÉÉÇëK• eÉê=ÜìëÄ~åÇI=~=ëÜ~Ççïó=ÑáÖìêÉI=ÇáÉë=~åÇ=éä~óë=äáííäÉ=é~êí=áå=ÜÉê=äáÑÉK• eÉê=ÅÜáäÇ=ÇáÉë=~åÇ=ÇçÉë=åçí=ëÉÉã=íç=Ü~îÉ=~å=áãé~Åí=çå=sÉêçåáÅ~
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NQN
• sÉêçåáÅ~=Öêçïë=çìí=çÑ=ÜÉê=Ä~ÅâÖêçìåÇ=~åÇ=áë=ãçìäÇÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=ÅÉåíìêáÉë=çÑ=íê~ÇáíáçåK• pÜÉ=áë=ÜÉäÇ=áå=éä~ÅÉ=Äó=íÜÉ=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜçëÉ=~êçìåÇ=ÜÉê=~åÇ=ÜÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé
ïáíÜ=~åÇ=ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=Çìíó=íç=Ñ~ãáäóK
pçãÉ=~åëïÉêë=ïáää=ÅçåëáÇÉê=sÉêçåáÅ~Ûë=Ñ~í~äáëãKpçãÉ=ïáää=ïêáíÉ=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=ÇáëêìéíáîÉ=ÑçêÅÉ=çÑ=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå=ÄêáåÖáåÖ=~Äçìí=ÅÜ~åÖÉpçãÉ=ïáää=ÅçåëáÇÉê=íÜÉ=Åçåíê~ëí=ÄÉíïÉÉå=äáÑÉ=áå=íÜÉ=Åáíó=~åÇ=äáÑÉ=áå=íÜÉ=îáää~ÖÉK
`çìåíêó=içîÉêëqÜÉ=ëíçêó=áë=äçåÖÉê=~åÇ=ãçêÉ=ÅçãéêÉÜÉåëáîÉ=íÜ~å=sÉêçåáÅ~K==qÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=ÖáîÉë=ãçêÉÇÉí~áä=~åÇ=íÜÉ=pçìíÜ=^ÑêáÅ~å=Ä~ÅâÖêçìåÇ=áë=Çê~ïå=ãçêÉ=ÅäÉ~êäóK==qÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉê=Ü~ë=~=ÅäÉ~êáÇÉ~=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñäçê~=~åÇ=Ñ~ìå~=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=Åáíó=äáÑÉK==qÜÉ=ëíçêó=áë=ã~âáåÖ=~=éçäÉãáÅ~ä=éçáåí~Äçìí=íÜÉ=ÅçêêçëáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=ê~ÅÉ=êÉä~íáçåë=Äìí=áí=ÇçÉë=áí=íÜêçìÖÜ=~=ëáãéäÉ=ëíçêó=ëáãéäóíçäÇK==pçãÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=êÉÅçÖåáëÉ=íÜÉ=çãåáëÅáÉåí=ëí~åÅÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëíçêó=íÉääÉêK
• qÜÉÄÉÇá=áë=çééêÉëëÉÇ=~åÇ=ÖáîÉå=àìëí=ÉåçìÖÜ=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå=ëç=íÜ~í=ëÜÉ=Å~å=ÑìåÅíáçå=áåíÜÉ=îáää~ÖÉ=ëçÅáÉíó=~åÇ=áå=íÜÉ=âê~~äK
• qÜÉÄÉÇá==áë=ìå~ÄäÉ=íç=ÄÉ=éêç~ÅíáîÉ=áå=ÜÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ïáíÜ=m~ìäìë=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=çÑ=Üáë“ëìéÉêáçêáíóÒK
• qÜÉÄÉÇáÛë=êÉ~Åíáçå=íç=íÜÉ=ÇÉ~íÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ä~Äó=Å~å=äÉ~Ç=íç=ëçãÉ=ëéÉÅìä~íáçåK==fë=ëÜÉÅçãéäáÅáí\
• qÜÉÄÉÇá=áë=~äëç=Ñ~í~äáëíáÅK• m~ìäìë=áë=àìëí=~ë=ãìÅÜ=~=éêáëçåÉê=~ë=qÜÉÄÉÇá=áëK• kà~Äìäç=áë=~=ëÜ~Ççïó=ÑáÖìêÉ=ïáíÜ=ÖêÉ~í=ÇáÖåáíó=~åÇ=áåíÉÖêáíóK=qÜÉ=éìêÅÜ~ëÉ=çÑ=ÅäçíÜÉë
Ñçê=íÜÉ=Ä~Äó=áë=~=íÉääáåÖ=ÇÉí~áäK• qÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇ=áë=ÅÉåíê~ä=íç=íÜÉ=ëíçêó=ÜÉêÉK• qÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=íç=íÜÉ=êáÅÜ=ïÜáíÉ=Ñ~êã=Åçããìåáíó=~åÇ=íÜÉ=éêáîáäÉÖÉ=çÑ=íÜçëÉ=ï=Üç
äáîÉ=íÜÉêÉI=ïáää=~ääçï=ëçãÉ=íç=Öêçï=~åÇ=çíÜÉêë=íç=ïáíÜÉêK
qÜÉ=_Éëí=cáí=^ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇëãçëí=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN qÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ã~âÉë=~å=~ííÉãéí=~í=êÉëéçåÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=ëíçêáÉë=ÄìíïáíÜ=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=~åÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ
O=Ó=Q qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ëÜçïë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëìÄàÉÅí=ã~ííÉê=çÑíÜÉ=íïç=ëíçêáÉëK==pçãÉ=ÉãÄêóçåáÅ=éçáåíë=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=~Äçìí=ÇÉëíêìÅíáçå~åÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïáíÜçìí=ÉñÉãéäáÑáÅ~íáçåK
RJT qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ëÜçï=ëçãÉ=êìÇáãÉåí~êó=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉÑ~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=ÅêÉ~íÉ=íÜÉ=Åêáëáë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK==qÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëïáää=ÄÉ=ëÉÉå=~äãçëí=~é~êí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ïçêäÇ=íÜÉó=áåÜ~ÄáíK
UJNM qÜÉêÉ=ïáää=ÄÉ=~å=ìåÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~ííÉãéí=íç=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ=ëçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉÑ~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=ÜÉäé=íç=ÇÉëíêçó=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK=pçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíë=ïáääÄÉ=ã~ÇÉK==jçëí=éçáåíë=ã~ÇÉ=ïáää=éêçÄ~Ääó=ÄÉ=~ëëÉêíáçåëI=ã~áåäóÅçêêÉÅíI=åçí=Ä~ÅâÉÇ=Äó=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉK
NNJNP qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ïáää=Ü~îÉ=~=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=êÉ~ëçå~Ääó=ïÉääJ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNQO
ëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçêíê~ó~ä=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=Å~å=ïÉ~âÉåêÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK==pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=éçêíê~ó~äë=ïáää=ÄÉ=ã~ÇÉáå=~=ï~ó=íÜ~í=ã~âÉë=~=Ä~ëáÅ=ìëÉ=çÑ=Éñ~ãéäÉëK
NQJNS qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ïáää=Ü~îÉ=~=ëçìåÇ=~åÇ=ïÉääJëìëí~áåÉÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ÅíçêëíÜ~í=Å~ìëÉÇ=ÄêÉ~âÇçïåK==pÉîÉê~ä=ÅäÉ~ê=éçáåíë=~Äçìí=qÜÉÄÉÇá=~åÇsáÅíçêá~=ïáää=ÄÉ=ã~ÇÉ=áå=~=ï~ó=íÜ~í=ã~âÉë=~=ÖççÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=Éñ~ãéäÉëK`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=ÄÉ=~ííÉãéíáåÖ=íç=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ=íÜÉ=“ÜçïÒ=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=ìëÉëíÜÉ=ëÉííáåÖ=íç=ÄêáåÖ=çìí=~ëéÉÅíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ëìÅÜ=~ëáåÉèì~äáíó=~åÇ=íÜÉ=é~ëëáîáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=áåëÉåëáíáîáíó=çÑíÜÉ=ãÉåK==k~êê~íáîÉ=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=íçìÅÜÉÇ=ìéçåK
NTJNV ^åëïÉêë=ïáää=êÉîÉ~ä=ÖççÇ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=íÜçêçìÖÜ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑíÜÉ=ÅçãéäÉñáíáÉë=çÑ=íêóáåÖ=íç=ÄìáäÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=áå=ëìÅÜ=~=ëçÅáÉíóKqÜÉó=ã~ó=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ=åì~åÅÉ=çÑ==ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íçåÉK=qÜÉêÉ=ïáää=ÄÉÅäÉ~ê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êçäÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëçÅáÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=ÄêÉ~âÇçïåëKpíêìÅíìêÉ=ã~ó=ïÉää=ÄÉ=ÅçããÉåíÉÇ=çåK==qÜÉêÉ=ïáää=ÄÉ=ÅäÉ~êçêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çÑ=ã~íÉêá~äK
OMJ=OO qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ïáää=çÑÑÉê=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåÉÇìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~ó=íÜ~í=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=~êÉ=ÇÉëíêçóÉÇK====qÜÉêÉïáää=ÄÉ=ã~íìêÉ=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜíÑìä=ÅçããÉåíë=çå=É~ÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãé~Åí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëçÅáÉíóK===^åëïÉêë=~í=íÜÉ=äÉîÉä=ã~ó=ïÉääáåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=å~êê~íáîÉ=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=~ÑÑÉÅíë=Üçï=íÜÉêÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=~êÉ=éçêíê~óÉÇK==^åëïÉêë=ã~ó=ÑçÅìë=çå=íÜÉ=ãÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ“êÉä~íáçåëÜáéÒK==`çìäÇ=ÄÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=íç=îáää~ÖÉI=íç=Ñ~ãáäóI=íçíê~Çáíáçå=íç=íÜÉ=éçäáíáÅ~ä=ëáíì~íáçåK==`çåíê~ëí=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=Üìã~åêÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïáää=ÄÉ=åçíÉÇ=~åÇ=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇK
OPJOR ^åëïÉêë=ïáää=ÄÉ=áåëáÖÜíÑìä=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇK==qÜÉó=ïáää=ëìêéêáëÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉÇÉéíÜ=çÑ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~ó=íÜ~í=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=~êÉ=ÇÉëíêçóÉÇKqÜÉó=ïáää=ÑçÅìë=çå=Üçï=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêë=ÅêÉ~íÉ=íÜçëÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK`çåíê~ëí=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=ï~óë=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=~êÉ=ÇÉëíêçóÉÇ=ïáää=ÄÉåçíÉÇ=~åÇ=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇK==qÜÉ=ÉñíÉåí=çÑ=ÅçêêçëáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=éêÉàìÇáÅÉã~ó=ÄÉ=ÅçããÉåíÉÇK==qÜÉ=Éîçäìíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïáää=ÄÉ~å~äóëÉÇK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NQP
pÉÅíáçå=`W=têáíáåÖ=íç=áåÑçêãI=Éñéä~áåI=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ
UK
vçìê=ëÅÜççäÛë=Å~êÉÉêë=~ÇîáëÉê=Ü~ë=~ëâÉÇ=Ñçê=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~Äçìí=óçìê=~ÅÜáÉîÉãÉåíëI=óçìê~ãÄáíáçåë=~åÇ=óçìê=áããÉÇá~íÉ=éä~åëK=têáíÉ=~=ëÉêáÉë=çÑ=é~ê~Öê~éÜë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=~ÇîáëÉê=ïáääÑáåÇ=ìëÉÑìä=áå=ÖìáÇáåÖ=óçìê=ÑìíìêÉ=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉ`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=ïêáíÉ=áåÑçêã~íáîÉäó=~åÇ=Ñçêã~ääó=~Äçìí=íÜÉãëÉäîÉëK=j~åóïáää=ìëÉ=íÜÉ=íÜêÉÉ=~êÉ~ë=áå=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå=~ë=~=é~ê~Öê~éÜ=éä~åI=íÜçìÖÜ=íÜáë=áë=åçí=~åÉñÅäìëáîÉ=äáëí=çÑ=éçëëáÄäÉ=íçéáÅëK
`çåíÉåíëLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• mêçîáÇÉë=Ñ~Åíì~ä=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=~í=äÉ~ëí=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ÄçîÉ=~êÉ~ë=E~ÅÜáÉîÉãÉåíëX
~ãÄáíáçåëX=áããÉÇá~íÉ==éä~åëF• pí~íÉãÉåíë=~êÉ=ìåÇÉîÉäçéÉÇI=ä~ÅâáåÖ=ÇÉí~áä=~åÇ=áåëáÖÜí• i~Åâë=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=ëíêìÅíìêÉ
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• ^ÇÇêÉëëÉë=~ää=íÜÉ=âÉó=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå• mêçîáÇÉë=áåÑçêã~íáîÉI=êÉäÉî~åí=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Ñçê=íÜÉ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=Å~êÉÉêë=~ÇîáëÉê• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• mêçîáÇÉë=~=ÇÉí~áäÉÇI=ÑçÅìëÉÇ=êÉëéçåëÉ=íç=~ää=~êÉ~ë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå• pÜçïë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éìêéçëÉ=~åÇ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~ê~Öê~éÜë• fë=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ=íç=éêçîáÇÉ=~å=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ëìãã~êó=çÑ=~ÅÜáÉîÉãÉåíë=~åÇ=êÉ~äáëíáÅ=ÜçéÉëK
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNQQ
VK
qÜÉ=ã~Ö~òáåÉ=ëÉÅíáçå=çÑ=~=å~íáçå~ä=åÉïëé~éÉê=áë=éä~ååáåÖ=~=ëÉêáÉë=çÑ=~êíáÅäÉë=ìåÇÉê=íÜÉíáíäÉ=“jÉãçê~ÄäÉ=bîÉåíëÒK=têáíÉ=~å=~êíáÅäÉ=ÇÉëÅêáÄáåÖ=~å=ÉîÉåí=ïÜáÅÜ=Ü~ë=ã~ÇÉ=~=ä~ëíáåÖáãéêÉëëáçå=çå=óçìI=~åÇ=Éñéä~áå=Üçï=óçì=ïÉêÉ=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=áíK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉ`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=ïêáíÉ=áå=~=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=Ñçêã=Ñçê=~=åÉïëé~éÉê=êÉ~ÇÉêëÜáéKpìÅÅÉëëÑìä=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïáää=êÉÅçÖåáëÉ=íÜÉ=ÅçåîÉåíáçåë=çÑ=íÜáë=íóéÉ=çÑ=“fí=Ü~ééÉåÉÇ=íç=ãÉÒåÉïëé~éÉê=ÑÉ~íìêÉI=~åÇ=ïáää=~ÇÇêÉëë=~ää=~ëéÉÅíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçåK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• fÇÉåíáÑáÉë=~=êÉäÉî~åí=íçéáÅ• mêçîáÇÉë=~=ä~êÖÉäó=å~êê~íáîÉ=êÉëéçåëÉI=åÉÖäÉÅíáåÖ=íÜÉ=“Éñéä~áåÒ=é~êí=çÑ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå• mÉêÜ~éë=áÖåçêÉë=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=åÉïëé~éÉê=~êíáÅäÉ=Ñçêã• fë=éççêäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• aÉëÅêáÄÉë=Ñìääó=~=êÉäÉî~åí=ÉîÉåí• bñéä~áåë=íÜÉ=“áãéêÉëëáçåÒ=ã~ÇÉ=áå=ëìáí~Ääó=êÉÑäÉÅíáîÉ=íÉêãë• fåÅäìÇÉë=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=~=åÉïëé~éÉê=~êíáÅäÉI=ëìÅÜ=~ë=ÜÉ~ÇäáåÉI=áåíÉêîáÉïë• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• _~ä~åÅÉë=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=~åÇ=Éñéä~å~íáçåI=éêçîáÇáåÖ=áåëáÖÜíë=áåíç=éÉêëçå~ä=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ• ^Ççéíë=íÜÉ=ÅçåîÉåíáçåë=çÑ=~=åÉïëé~éÉê=~êíáÅäÉ• fë=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ=íç=ÖáîÉ=ëÜ~éÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉ=íÜÉ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NQR
båÖäáëÜ=_=NOMQ=Re
pÉÅíáçå=^W=råéêÉé~êÉÇ=kçåJÑáÅíáçå
NK
oÉ~Ç=qÜÉ=`çåèìÉëí=çÑ=bîÉêÉëíK=eçï=ÇçÉë=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=ÅçåîÉó=íÜÉ=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑ=ïÜ~ííÜÉ=íïç=ÅäáãÄÉêë=~ÅÜáÉîÉÇ\
vçì=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅçããÉåí=çåW• íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêÛë=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=ÇÉí~áä=~åÇ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ• íÜÉ=~Åíáçåë=~åÇ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=çÑ=íÜçëÉ=ï~áíáåÖ=Ñçê=åÉïë• íÜÉ=êÉ~Åíáçåë=çÑ=eáää~êó=~åÇ=qÉåëáåÖK
pìééçêí=óçìê=~åëïÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉñíK
j~áå=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉW• Éî~äì~íÉ=Üçï=áåÑçêã~íáçå=áë=éêÉëÉåíÉÇK
pìééçêíáåÖ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=lÄàÉÅíáîÉëW=• êÉ~Ç=ïáíÜ=áåëáÖÜí=~åÇ=ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåí• áÇÉåíáÑó=áãéäáÅ~íáçåë• ëÉäÉÅí=ã~íÉêá~ä=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=íç=éìêéçëÉK
^=êÉäÉî~åí=~åëïÉê=ïáää=ÑçÅìë=çåW• ÅçããÉåíáåÖ=çå=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉêÛë=~ééêç~ÅÜ=~åÇ=íÉÅÜåáèìÉë• ëÜçïáåÖ=Üçï=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=ÅêÉ~íÉë=ÉÑÑÉÅíë• ëÉäÉÅíáåÖ=êÉäÉî~åí=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=íç=ëìééçêí=íÜÉ=éçáåíë=ã~ÇÉ
qáÅâ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíëI=ïÜáÅÜ=ëÜçï=~=ëçìåÇ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÉñí=~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉèìÉëíáçåK=`çîÉê~ÖÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÄìääÉí=éçáåí=ÜÉ~ÇáåÖë=áå=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉëÛ=~åëïÉêë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉáÇÉåíáÑáÉÇ=Äó=éä~ÅáåÖ=Å~éáí~ä=äÉííÉêë=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáåëW
a= ïêáíÉêÛë=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=ÇÉí~áäi= ïêáíÉêÛë=ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=ä~åÖì~ÖÉ^Lc= ~ÅíáçåëLÑÉÉäáåÖë=çÑ=íÜçëÉ=ï~áíáåÖ=Ñçê=åÉïëeLq êÉ~Åíáçåë=çÑ=eáää~êó=~åÇ=qÉåëáåÖ
`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=ÑêÉÉ=íç=áåíÉêéêÉí=íÉñíì~ä=ÇÉí~áäë=áå=~=î~êáÉíó=çÑ=ï~óëK==qÜÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖëÉÅíáçå=êÉéêÉëÉåíë=~=äáâÉäó=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÉñí=Äìí=Éñ~ãáåÉêë=ãìëí=Éî~äì~íÉ=çíÜÉêêÉëéçåëÉë=çå=íÜÉáê=ãÉêáíëK==fí=áë=áãéçêí~åí=íç=ÄÉ=~äÉêí=íç=ìåìëì~ä=êÉëéçåëÉë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉïÉää=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=~åÇ=ëìÄëí~åíá~íÉÇ=Äó=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÉñíì~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉK
têáíÉêÛë=`ÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=aÉí~áäë=~åÇ=i~åÖì~ÖÉW• ~åíáÅáé~íçêó=Éî~äì~íáçå=çÑ=çéÉåáåÖ=äáåÉW=“fí=ï~ë=~=Ç~ó=Ñçê=ÖêÉ~í=åÉïëKÒ• áãéäáÅ~íáçåë=çÑ=ÉîÉåíì~ä=ëìÅÅÉëëW= “ÖçáåÖ=ëíêçåÖäó=ìé=íÜÉ=Ñáå~ä=êáÇÖÉÒX
“ïÉ~íÜÉê=Ü~Ç=ÄÉÉå=éÉêÑÉÅíÒX=“Ö~äÉë=ÇáÉÇ=ÇçïåÒX=eCq=“ãçëí=éçïÉêÑìä=ÅäáãÄÉêë=áåíÜÉ=ïçêäÇÒX=eCq=“ìëáåÖ=íÜÉ=ïÉääJíÉëíÉÇ=çéÉåJÅáêÅìáí=çñóÖÉå=ÉèìáéãÉåíÒK
• “ëíáåÖáåÖ=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåKÒ• áããÉÇá~Åó=~åÇ=ÉñÅáíÉãÉåí=ÖÉåÉê~íÉÇ=Äó=ÇáêÉÅí=ëéÉÉÅÜ=êìååáåÖ=ÅçããÉåí~êó=áå
é~ê~Öê~éÜ=QK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNQS
• ê~éáÇ=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=çÑ=ãççÇ=~ÅÜáÉîÉÇ=Äó=äáåâáåÖ=“êÉéçêíÉÇ=Ñ~áäìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëë~ìäíÒ=ïáíÜ“ã~ÖáÅ=ïáêÉäÉëë=çÑ=ÉñÅáíÉãÉåí=íÜ~í=bîÉêÉëí=Ü~Ç=ÄÉÉå=ÅäáãÄÉÇKÒ
• îáîáÇ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=ÅÉäÉÄê~íáçåë=“ëìÇÇÉå=êìëÜ=íç=ãÉÉíÒX=“Ü~åÇë=ïêìåÖ=ÉñÅáíÉÇäóÒXä~ìÖÜíÉêLÅçåÖê~íìä~íáçåëK
^Åíáçåë=~åÇ=cÉÉäáåÖë=çÑ=qÜçëÉ=t~áíáåÖ• íÉåëáçåX=Åçåíê~ÇáÅíçêó=Éãçíáçåë=“åÉêîÉJê~ÅâáåÖ=óÉí=ÇÉäáÅáçìëäó=ÉñÅáíáåÖÒX=“ÜçéÉ
Ç~åÖÉêçìëäó=ÜáÖÜÒX=“í~ìí=åÉêîÉëÒX=“ëìééêÉëëÉÇ=ïáäÇ=ÅçåîáÅíáçåëÒK• “ëíáää=éÜçíçÖê~éÜÒ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=ï~áíáåÖ=é~êíó=áå=Ñáå~ä=äáåÉë=çÑ=é~ê~Öê~éÜ=PK• ÅÉäÉÄê~íáçåë=çÑ=é~êíó=“Ü~åÇë=ïêìåÖ=ÉÅëí~íáÅ~ääóÒX=“ä~ìÖÜíÉê=áåíÉêêìéíÉÇ
ÅçåÖê~íìä~íáçåëÒK• êÉäáÖáçìë=çîÉêíçåÉë=çÑ=pÜÉêé~ëÛ=êÉ~ÅíáçåëI=ÄçÇáÉë=“ÄÉåíÁÑçêï~êÇI=íÜÉáê=Ü~åÇë
Åä~ëéÉÇ=~ë=áå=éê~óÉêÒX=“çåÉ=îÉíÉê~åÁÄçïÉÇ=íç=íçìÅÜ=qÉåëáåÖÛë=Ü~åÇ=ïáíÜ=ÜáëÑçêÉÜÉ~ÇKÒ
oÉ~Åíáçåë=çÑ=eáää~êó=~åÇ=qÉåëáåÖW• ïÜÉå=åÉïë=çÑ=ëìÅÅÉëë=áë=êÉîÉ~äÉÇI=é~ëë~ÖÉ=ÑçÅìëÉë=çå=eCq=ãçêÉ=ÅäçëÉäóI=e
“Éñíê~çêÇáå~êáäó=ÑêÉëÜÒX=q=“ëãáäÉÇÒX=eLq=“éçëÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~êãë=áåíÉêäçÅâÉÇÒX=e=“Ñ~ÅÉ~Öäçï=Äìí=ÅçåíêçääÉÇÒX=q=“Äêáääá~åí=ëãáäÉ=çÑ=éäÉ~ëìêÉÒX==“äáâÉ=~=ãçÇÉëí=ãçå~êÅÜIqÉåëáåÖ=êÉÅÉáîÉÇ=íÜÉáê=ÖêÉÉíáåÖKÒ
qÜÉ=ÚÄÉëí=ÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ^å=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=åçí=~äï~óë=ë~íáëÑó=ÉîÉêó=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê=~=é~êíáÅìä~êã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ã~êâ=ïáíÜáå=íÜ~í=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉI=ëáåÅÉ=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~äÅêáíÉêá~=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=ã~ó=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíçê=Ñçê=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=çê=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉK==qÜÉÚÄÉëíJÑáíÛ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êâ=ê~åÖÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇë=ãçëíÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉK
j~êâo~åÖÉ
aÉëÅêáéíçê
MJN sÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=~ííÉãéí=~í=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáåÖ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖKbñíêÉãÉäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÅçåíÉåíK
OJQ pÜçïë=îÉêó=Ä~ëáÅ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=î~äáÇéçáåíëK=pÜçïë=äáííäÉ=Öê~ëé=çÑ=áÇÉ~ëK=pÜçïë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=ÜçïíÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=ÅçåîÉóë=ïÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÅäáãÄÉêë=~ÅÜáÉîÉÇK
RJT pÜçïë=ëçãÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=âÉó=áÇÉ~ëK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=î~äáÇ=éçáåíëKmêÉëÉåíë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=ïáíÜ=é~êíá~ä=ëìÅÅÉëë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=äáãáíÉÇÉî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=~=äáãáíÉÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=ÅçåîÉóëïÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÅäáãÄÉêë=~ÅÜáÉîÉÇK
UJNM pÜçïë=Ñ~áê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=âÉó=áÇÉ~ëK=j~âÉë=ëçãÉ=êÉäÉî~åíéçáåíëK=mêÉëÉåíë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ëíê~áÖÜíÑçêï~êÇÉî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=ÅçåîÉóë=ïÜ~í=íÜÉÅäáãÄÉêë=~ÅÜáÉîÉÇK
NNJNP pÜçïë=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=êÉäÉî~åíéçáåíëK=aÉîÉäçéë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=Éî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïëÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëçìåÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=ÅçåîÉóë=ïÜ~í=íÜÉÅäáãÄÉêë=~ÅÜáÉîÉÇK
NQJNS pÜçïë=ëçìåÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑêÉäÉî~åí=éçáåíëK=aÉîÉäçéë=ëçãÉ=áÇÉ~ë=áå=ÇÉí~áä=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ëÉÅìêÉÉî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=ëçìåÇ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Üçï=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=ÅçåîÉóëïÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÅäáãÄÉêë=~ÅÜáÉîÉÇK
NTJNV pÜçïë=ÖççÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖK=j~âÉë=~=ÖççÇ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ïÉääJÑçÅìëÉÇ
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NQT
éçáåíëK=aÉîÉäçéë=áÇÉ~ë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=íÜçìÖÜíÑìäÉî~äì~íáçåK=pÜçïë=~=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ÑçÅìë=çå=Üçï=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=ÅçåîÉóëïÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÅäáãÄÉêë=~ÅÜáÉîÉÇK
OMJOO lÑÑÉêë=íÜçìÖÜíÑìä=~å~äóëáëK=j~âÉë=~=ÖççÇ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=~éí=éçáåíëKaÉîÉäçéë=áÇÉ~ë=Ñìääó=~åÇ=éÉêëì~ëáîÉäóI=~åÇLçê=çÑÑÉêë=ÅçåîáåÅáåÖÉî~äì~íáçåK=mêÉëÉåíë=~=ÅäÉ~êI=áåëáÖÜíÑìä=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=çÑ=Üçï=íÜÉïêáíÉê=ÅçåîÉóë=ïÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÅäáãÄÉêë=~ÅÜáÉîÉÇK
OPJOR lÑÑÉêë=~å=~ëíìíÉ=~åÇ=~ëëìêÉÇ=~å~äóëáëK=j~âÉë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉ=éçáåíëïáíÜ=Åä~êáíó=~åÇ=Ñä~áêK=bñéäçêÉë=áÇÉ~ë=éÉêÅÉéíáîÉäó=~åÇ=çÑÑÉêëáãéêÉëëáîÉäó=íÜçêçìÖÜ=Éî~äì~íáçåK==aÉãçåëíê~íÉë=ÅçÖÉåí=~åÇëìëí~áåÉÇ=áåëáÖÜíë=áåíç=Üçï=íÜÉ=ïêáíÉê=ÅçåîÉóë=ïÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÅäáãÄÉêë~ÅÜáÉîÉÇK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNQU
pÉÅíáçå=_W=têáíáåÖ=íç=~êÖìÉI=éÉêëì~ÇÉI=~ÇîáëÉ
OK
têáíÉ=~=äÉííÉê=áåîáíáåÖ=~=ÑêáÉåÇ=íç=àçáå=óçì=çå=~=éÜóëáÅ~ääó=ÇÉã~åÇáåÖ=ÜçäáÇ~ó=çêÉñéÉÇáíáçåK=vçìê=äÉííÉê=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅçåîáåÅÉ=óçìê=ÑêáÉåÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ééÉ~ä=çÑ=íÜÉ=íêáéK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉ`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=ïêáíÉ=~å=áåÑçêã~ä=äÉííÉê=çÑ=éÉêëì~ëáçåK=pìÅÅÉëëÑìä=êÉëéçåëÉëïáää=ÅçãÄáåÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=êÉ~ÇÉêI=ïáíÜ=~=ÅçåîáåÅáåÖ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ~ééÉ~ä=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜçäáÇ~óK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• têáíÉë=~=äÉííÉê=çÑ=áåîáí~íáçå• i~Åâë=ÇÉí~áä=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=éêçéçëÉÇ=ÜçäáÇ~óX=åÉÖäÉÅíë=“~ééÉ~äÒ=~ëéÉÅí• fë=éççêäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• têáíÉë=äÉííÉê=áå=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ëíóäÉ=~åÇ=íçåÉ• aÉëÅêáÄÉë=íÜÉ=íóéÉ=çÑ=ÜçäáÇ~ó=áå=ëçãÉ=ÇÉí~áä• aÉëÅêáÄÉë=íÜÉ=~ééÉ~ä=ÅçåîáåÅáåÖäó• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• mêçÇìÅÉë=~=ÅçåîáåÅáåÖ=~åÇ=éÉêëì~ëáîÉ=äÉííÉê• pÜçïë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=åçíáçå~ä=êÉ~ÇÉê=íÜêçìÖÜI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=ÜìãçìêI=~åÇ=Äó=êÉä~íáåÖ
~ëéÉÅíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜçäáÇ~ó=íç=íÜÉ=ÑêáÉåÇÛë=éÉêëçå~äáíó• píêìÅíìêÉë=íÜÉ=äÉííÉê=íç=ëÜ~éÉ=íÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉêÛë=êÉëéçåëÉ=íÜêçìÖÜI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ
çéÉåáåÖ=~åÇ=ÉåÇáåÖ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NQV
PK
“q~âáåÖ=é~êí=áå=Ç~åÖÉêçìë=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=áë=ëÉäÑáëÜ=~åÇ=áêêÉëéçåëáÄäÉKÒ=têáíÉ=~=ëéÉÉÅÜ=Ñçê=~Åä~ëëêççã=ÇáëÅìëëáçå=Ñçê=çê=~Ö~áåëí=íÜáë=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉïK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉqÜáë=í~ëâ=êÉèìáêÉë=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=éÉêëì~ëáîÉ=íÉÅÜåáèìÉë=áå=~=ëéÉÉÅÜ=íç=éÉÉêëK=pìÅÅÉëëÑìäÅ~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=êÉÅçÖåáëÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉó=~êÉ=ïêáíáåÖ=íÜÉ=íê~åëÅêáéí=çÑ=~=ëéÉÉÅÜ=íç=ÄÉ=ÇÉäáîÉêÉÇíç=~=äáîÉ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• mêçîáÇÉë=çåÉ=ëíê~áÖÜíÑçêï~êÇ=~êÖìãÉåíI=çê=~=äáëí=çÑ=ìåÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~êÖìãÉåíë• pÜçïë=äáííäÉ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Ñçêã=çê=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ• fë=éççêäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• mêçîáÇÉë=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~êÖìãÉåíë=áå=ëìééçêí=çÑ=~=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï• pÜçïë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉI=íÜêçìÖÜI=éÉêÜ~éëI=ÇÉîáÅÉë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=êÜÉíçêáÅ~ä
èìÉëíáçåë• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ=íç=~êêáîÉ=~í=~=ëíêçåÖ=ÅçåÅäìëáçå
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• bñéäçêÉë=íÜÉ=áãéäáÅ~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÉêãë=“ëÉäÑáëÜÒ=~åÇ=“áêêÉëéçåëáÄäÉÒ• mêçÇìÅÉë=~=ÅçåîáåÅáåÖ=~êÖìãÉåí=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=éÉêëì~ëáîÉ=íÉÅÜåáèìÉë• pÜçïë=Åçåëí~åí=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëéÉÉÅÜ=çå=íÜÉ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ• píêìÅíìêÉë=íÜÉ=ëéÉÉÅÜ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=NNRM
pÉÅíáçå=`W=têáíáåÖ=íç=~å~äóëÉI=êÉîáÉïI=ÅçããÉåí
QK
qÜáåâ=çÑ=~å=çÅÅ~ëáçå=ïÜÉå=óçì=ÑÉäí=~=ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=~ÅÜáÉîÉãÉåíK=`çããÉåí=çå=íÜÉáãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑ=íÜáë=çÅÅ~ëáçåI=êÉÑäÉÅíáåÖ=çå=íÜÉ=äÉëëçåë=óçì=äÉ~êåí=Ñêçã=áíK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉqÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=Ñçêã=çê=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=Ñçê=íÜáë=èìÉëíáçåK=pìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉêë=ïáää=ÖçÄÉóçåÇ=~=å~êê~íáîÉ=êÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=ÑçÅìë=çå=íÜÉ=“êÉÑäÉÅíáåÖÒ=~ëéÉÅíI=ëÜçïáåÖ=~å=~Äáäáíó=íç~å~äóëÉ=íÜÉ=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ=çÑ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• fÇÉåíáÑáÉë=~å=çÅÅ~ëáçå• mêçîáÇÉë=~=ä~êÖÉäó=Ñ~Åíì~ä=å~êê~íáîÉ=êÉëéçåëÉ• mÉêÜ~éë=ãÉåíáçåë=ëÉåëÉ=çÑ=~ÅÜáÉîÉãÉåíI=Äìí=åÉÖäÉÅíë=“äÉëëçåë=óçì=äÉ~êåíÒ• fë=éççêäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• mêçîáÇÉë=~=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=çÅÅ~ëáçå=~åÇ=~å=~ííÉãéí=íç=êÉÑäÉÅí=çå=íÜÉ
ãÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• _~ä~åÅÉë=å~êê~íáîÉ=~åÇ=~å~äóëáë• mêçîáÇÉë=~=Ñìääó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ÅçããÉåí~êó=çå=íÜÉ=çÅÅ~ëáçå• fë=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ=íç=ëÜ~éÉ=íÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉêÛë=êÉëéçåëÉI=éÉêÜ~éë=Äó=ìëáåÖ=ëìëéÉåëÉI=çê=~=åçåJ
ÅÜêçåçäçÖáÅ~ä=ëÉèìÉåÅÉ
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
rdMNNUVQ==bÇÉñÅÉä=d`pb=båÖäáëÜ=NOMPLNOMQ=péÉÅáãÉå=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=m~éÉêë=~åÇ=j~êâ=pÅÜÉãÉë=fëëìÉ=N NRN
RK
fí=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=ëìÖÖÉëíÉÇ=íÜ~í=óçìê=ëÅÜççä=ëÜçìäÇ=çÑÑÉê=~=ïáÇÉê=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ëéçêíë=ëìÅÜ=~ëÅ~åçÉáåÖI=êçääÉêÄä~ÇáåÖ=çê=ÜçêëÉJêáÇáåÖK=têáíÉ=~å=~êíáÅäÉ=Ñçê=~=ëÅÜççä=ã~Ö~òáåÉ=áå=ïÜáÅÜóçì=Éñ~ãáåÉ=íÜÉ=~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=~åÇ=Çáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=çÑ=Äêç~ÇÉåáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÅìêêáÅìäìã=áå=íÜáëï~óK
j~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉqÜáë=èìÉëíáçå=éêçîáÇÉë=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=~åÇ=Ñçêã=Ñçê=~=í~ëâ=êÉèìáêáåÖ=íÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=çÑ=~ëìÖÖÉëíáçå=áå=~=Ñ~ãáäá~ê=ëÉííáåÖK=pìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~åëïÉêë=ïáää=ëÜçï=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÅÜççäã~Ö~òáåÉ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=êÉ~ÇÉêëÜáéI=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=éêçîáÇáåÖ=~=Ä~ä~åÅÉÇ=îáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=éêçéçë~äK
`çåíÉåíLëâáääë=áåÇáÅ~íçêëiçïÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=N=~åÇ=OF• mêÉëÉåíë=ëçãÉ=ëíê~áÖÜíÑçêï~êÇ=~êÖìãÉåíë=Ñçê=~åÇLçê=~Ö~áåëí=íÜÉ=ëìÖÖÉëíáçå• mÉêÜ~éë=åÉÖäÉÅíë=íÜÉ=ã~Ö~òáåÉ=Ñçêã• fë=éççêäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
jáÇÇäÉ=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇ=PF• mêçîáÇÉë=~=Ä~ä~åÅÉÇ=~å~äóëáë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëìÖÖÉëíáçåI=ïáíÜ=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=áÇÉ~ë• pÜçïë=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=ã~Ö~òáåÉ=Ñçêã=~åÇ=ëíóäÉI=~åÇ=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=éÉÉêë• fë=ÅäÉ~êäó=ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ
rééÉê=äÉîÉä=êÉëéçåëÉ=Ej~êâ=Ä~åÇë=Q=~åÇ=RF• pÜçïë=Ñìää=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãéäáÅ~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëìÖÖÉëíáçåI=íÜçìÖÜíÑìääó=Ä~ä~åÅáåÖ
~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=~åÇ=Çáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉë• rëÉë=ëÅÜççä=ã~Ö~òáåÉ=Ñçêã=íç=ëÜ~éÉ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉI=~ÇçéíáåÖ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ëíóäÉ=Ñçê
êÉ~ÇÉêëÜáé• píêìÅíìêÉ=áë=ìëÉÇ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=íç=ëÜ~éÉ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉ~ÇÉêëÜáéI=íÜêçìÖÜI=Ñçê
kçï=äççâ=~í=é~ÖÉë=N=íç=RK
cìêíÜÉê=ÅçéáÉë=çÑ=íÜáë=éìÄäáÅ~íáçå=~êÉ=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=ÑêçãbÇÉñÅÉä=mìÄäáÅ~íáçåëI=^Ç~ãëï~óI=j~åëÑáÉäÇI=kçííëI=kdNU=Qik
qÉäÉéÜçåÉ=MNSOP=QSTQSTc~ñ=MNSOP=QRMQUN
lêÇÉê=`çÇÉ=rdMNNUVQ
cçê=ãçêÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=bÇÉñÅÉä=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåë=éäÉ~ëÉ=Åçåí~Åí=çìê`ìëíçãÉê=oÉëéçåëÉ=`ÉåíêÉ=çå=MOM=TPVP=QRMMçê=ÉJã~áäW=ÉåèìáêáÉë]ÉÇÉñÅÉäKçêÖKìâçê=îáëáí=çìê=ïÉÄëáíÉW=ïïïKÉÇÉñÅÉäKçêÖKìâ
bÇÉñÅÉä=cçìåÇ~íáçå=áë=~=êÉÖáëíÉêÉÇ=ÅÜ~êáíó=~åÇ=~=`çãé~åó=iáãáíÉÇ_ó=dì~ê~åíÉÉ=oÉÖáëíÉêÉÇ=áå=båÖä~åÇ=kçK=NSUSNSQ